Search

Environmental protection supervision is an important manifestation of ecological accountability system reform. Taking the implementation of China's central environmental protection inspection (CEPI) policy as a quasi-natural experiment, this paper applies the time-varying difference-in-difference (DID) model to identify the impact of the CEPI policy on the likelihood of enterprises' environmental violations. The main conclusions include: (1) the implementation of CEPI policy is conducive to inhibiting environmental violations. After a series of robustness tests, including the parallel trend test, the placebo test, the exclusion of policy interference, and the replacement of explained variables, the result remains robust. In terms of dynamic perspective, there is a lag in the impact of CEPI policy on enterprises' environmental violations. (2) The effect of CEPI policy is more prominent on samples of large enterprises, enterprises with highly concentrated equity, enterprises that polluted heavily, enterprises owned by executives with a political background, and enterprises that are situated in regions with higher level of marketization and more developed information infrastructure. (3) The CEPI policy can restrain the environmental violations of enterprises by a dual mechanism of releasing punishment and deterrence signals from the external governance, and forcing enterprises to enhance environmental management system from the internal governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green technology innovation is an effective means to achieve high-quality economic development. The impact and mechanism of digital financial inclusion on regional green technology innovation are tested using a threshold regression model and the panel fixed effect model, based on China's provincial Panel data (provincial Panel data are regional annual report data) from 2011 to 2020. According to the study, there is a direct link between local green technology innovation and digital financial inclusion. This paper highlights the differences in their influence by location and usage depth and underscores the necessity of government engagement to improve these characteristics. Information infrastructure needs to be strengthened, especially in areas with gaps. Greater investment in research and development (R&D) indirectly supports regional green technology innovation since it is impacted by digital financial inclusion. Interestingly, a threshold effect becomes most noticeable when digital financial inclusion rises above a particular threshold. Promoting utilizing digital financial inclusion to lessen regional differences in green technology innovation is important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of influencing factors serves as the cornerstone for the research on smart community construction. Drawing upon both field research and extensive literature study, this paper explores the influencing factors of China's smart community construction and its effective paths by taking 52 national pilot zones for community governance and service innovation in China as examples. In the constructed analytical framework of influencing factors, elements such as economic development, capital investment, information infrastructure, community governance, public support system, and smart platform are included. By the use of the qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) method, the results of the study show that community governance, public support system, and smart platform are necessary conditions for smart community construction, while economic development, capital investment and information infrastructure play a leading role in the four combined paths. Finally, this study provides a new perspective for theoretical research, a reference forgovernmental departments to make decisions, and experience for the construction of smart communities in other developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of China's new infrastructure construction developing rapidly, this paper explores the sustainable new infrastructure green development pattern. We establish qualitative and quantitative indicators for green technology innovation (GTI) at both the societal macro level and enterprise micro level, capturing the multidimensional nature of China's green innovation dynamic. Additionally, we create an indicator system for China's new infrastructure investment intensity (NTI) across three areas: information infrastructure, integration infrastructure, and innovation infra-structure. Using provincial panel data from 2010 to 2020, we construct a coupling coordination degree model (CCDM) to examine the level of coordination between NTI and GTI. Our findings reveal that: the degree of coordination between NTI and GTI follows a U-shaped curve, with both subsystems remaining far from highly coordinated during rapid development; the coupling level of NTI and GTI in China is currently at a near dissonance level overall; the degree of coupling and coordination between NTI and GTI is mainly influenced by policies, and the coupling level is higher on the enterprise side than on the societal side; the two parameters (α-NTI and β-GTI) widely used in prior studies have less of an effect on the coordinated coupling system than other factors considered herein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study provides a viable path to save energy by means of e-commerce development. Taking the national e-commerce demonstration cities (NEDC) pilots policy implemented in China as a quasi-natural experiment, based on the city panel data from 2006 to 2019, this study applies the multi-period difference-in-difference (DID) method to evaluate the effect of NEDC on energy saving in pilot cities. The empirical results suggest that the NEDC policy obviously contributes to energy conservation. The treated cities reduced energy consumption by 14.2% as a result of the implementation of NEDC, relative to the untreated cities. The conclusions remain valid after conducting robustness tests such as placebo test, instrumental variables regression, propensity score matching-difference-in-difference (PSM-DID), and synthetic difference-in-difference (SDID). The NEDC achieves energy-saving effects through technological innovation, industrial restructuring, and economic agglomeration. Furthermore, the heterogeneity analysis indicates that, in cities with high levels of human capital, well-developed information infrastructure, non-resource-based cities, and favorable business environments, the impact of NEDC on energy saving is more significant. Analysis of spatial effects shows that the implementation of NEDC has negative externalities, increasing energy consumption in the surrounding area. In the context of the digital economy, this paper presents new insights on the relationship between e-commerce and energy consumption and provides policy direction for countries looking for energy-saving solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the key node of highway traffic in China, the super-large bridge is the most important infrastructure of the country. With the completion of large-scale infrastructure construction in China, the key work of super-large bridges has changed from construction to maintenance. The service life of the super-large bridge is long, and with the increase of the service life of the super-large bridge, the annual maintenance cost is also increasing. At present, with the rapid development of super-large bridges in China, the diseases of super-large bridges are also increasing, and the maintenance and management of super-large bridges have become an urgent problem to be solved. In order to solve this problem, this paper takes the highway bridge as the research object and, on the basis of mastering the actual needs of the maintenance management of highway bridges in China, puts forward the monitoring and maintenance of bridges based on BIM technology, solves the lack of maintenance information elements in traditional BIM technology, studies the establishment method of the maintenance information model, finally develops the basic data acquisition software of the BIM model, accurately locates the disease position of the highway bridge, realizes the three-dimensional visual information management system of bridge, and continuously improves the maintenance efficiency. The research results show that starting from the monitoring and maintenance information management of highway bridges, the BIM data management method of the highway bridge maintenance stage is put forward, which realizes the visual management of maintenance information of highway bridges. Based on the analysis of the hierarchical information model of bridges, the component coding system of a bridge facing the maintenance management stage is established, and the visual management of diseases of bridges is put forward. Using BIM technology to assist the evaluation method of super-large bridges, using relational database and VBA project manager, based on the theoretical algorithm and interface design, automatic maintenance decision-making suggestions are realized. BIM technology is proposed to assist maintenance inspection and evaluation decision-making, and automatic and visual maintenance management of super-large bridges is realized. The research results provide practical guiding significance for further realizing the maintenance management system of highway bridges based on BIM technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reasonable assessments of the impact of information infrastructure construction on entrepreneurship will support the development of the digital economy in China. Using nationwide data from 2005 to 2017, this paper analyzes the causal effect of the "Broadband China" pilot policy on entrepreneurship based on a difference-in-differences approach. We find that information infrastructure construction significantly enhances entrepreneurship, which is robust under different settings. A mechanism exploration suggests that constructing information infrastructure benefits information acquisition, knowledge spillovers, and risk-taking behavior, which illustrate the internal mechanism of promoting entrepreneurship. Taken together, this paper supports the positive role of the digital economy in the promotion of entrepreneurship in addition to providing new insights into the construction of information infrastructure to support entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The realization of common prosperity is an essential requirement of socialism and an important feature of modernization with Chinese characteristics. New infrastructure development is a new engine for general and balanced economic growth in the digital economy era and plays an important role in achieving high-quality and inclusive economic growth. This study innovatively incorporated new infrastructure development into the theoretical analysis framework of common prosperity. Based on the data of 30 provincial-level samples from 2011 to 2020 and using the entropy weight method and coupled coordination model, this paper measured the level index of new infrastructure development and that of common prosperity. On this basis, the paper empirically examined the influence mechanism of new infrastructure development on common prosperity, the process of marketization, and the moderating role of rural human capital investment. The results showed that, overall, new infrastructure development significantly promoted common prosperity. Regionally, the new infrastructure development promoted the common prosperity of China' s southern region but had an obvious inhibitory effect on its northern region. Although new infrastructure was divided into different categories, fusion infrastructure, innovation infrastructure, and information infrastructure all promoted common prosperity to different degrees, but in terms of impact coefficient, fusion infrastructure, information infrastructure, and innovation infrastructure all declined in turn, as a matter of fact. The marketization process, rural health, education and training, and the migration of human capital investments all contributed to strengthening the role of new infrastructure development in promoting common prosperity. This study not only helps to clarify the theoretical correlation between new infrastructure development and common prosperity and enrich the sustainable or inclusive assessment framework of new infrastructure development from the perspective of common prosperity, but also helps to coordinate the goals and tasks of new infrastructure development and common prosperity for governments at all levels and relevant departments in practice and provides empirical evidence and policy implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triggering economic growth is a requirement to promote human welfare and realize sustainable development in many developing countries. However, place-based policies' impact on economic growth is debatable, and its underlying mechanism is unknown. China's Old Revolutionary Development Program (ORDP) is a large-scale and novel type of place-based policy targeted at undeveloped regions in China. We evaluate the effect of ORDP on economic growth by employing a time-varying difference-in-differences model and further explore the potential mechanisms and heterogeneity effects. VIIRS/DNB nightlight data is used to measure economic growth. We find that ORDP can significantly promote economic growth by 4.0% and the result is still robust after several tests. Mechanism analysis shows that ORDP can improve economic growth through government intervention, industrial structure optimization, and information infrastructure construction. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the ORDP performs better on economic growth in central Chinese cities and high-economy cities. At the same time, our paper provides three practical suggestions for stimulating economic growth in ORDP, which can be enlightening for other developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the impact of highway construction on the size distribution of manufacturing firms using Chinese firm and highway network data. I construct instrumental variables using historical and counterfactual road approaches to identify the causal effects of highway construction. I find that highway construction can increase firm size dispersion and market concentration. Areas near highways have a higher number of firms, more outsourcing activities, and more large firms; while areas further from highways have a higher share of new entry firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Robust infrastructure is essential to enhance urban productivity and support urban development. • Transportation infrastructure enhances urban productivity by promoting economic agglomeration. • Information infrastructure promotes urban productivity through labor mobility and agglomeration effects. • The promotion effect on urban productivity in eastern regions and megacities is more obvious. • Transportation and information infrastructure have positive spatial spillover effects on urban productivity. Improving total factor productivity is an important driving force for achieving high-quality economic development. Based on the panel data of 256 cities in China from 2009 to 2019, this paper investigates the effect of transportation and information infrastructure on urban productivity. The results show that transportation and information infrastructure promote urban productivity, and the effect in eastern regions and megacities is more obvious. The mechanism analysis shows that transportation infrastructure enhances urban productivity by promoting economic agglomeration, and information infrastructure enhances urban productivity by promoting labor mobility, economic agglomeration, financial agglomeration and industrial agglomeration. The spatial spillover effect shows positive spatial autocorrelation of urban productivity. Transportation and information infrastructure have significant positive spatial spillover effects on urban productivity. China should continue to promote the construction of transportation infrastructure, strengthen investment in information infrastructure, and promote the joint construction, sharing, coordination and integration of transportation and information infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructing a quasi-natural experiment based on China's National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone (NIDZ) pilot, this study applies the time-varying difference-in-differences (DID) model to estimate the impact of innovation-driven development on urban carbon emission reduction. We use panel data on 285 cities which covers 95.96% of Chinese cities during the period of 2003 to 2017. Compared with non-pilot cities, our results indicate that total carbon dioxide emissions and emission intensity of pilot cities decreased by 4.8% and 5.8%, respectively. The results suggest that the construction of NIDZs can significantly promote urban carbon emission reductions. Moreover, our mechanism tests indicate that this pilot policy can encourage technological innovation and optimize industrial structure, which in turn suppresses urban carbon dioxide emissions. Additionally, further analysis shows that the policy effect increases over years and is stronger in urban areas with higher levels of human capital, government finance, and information infrastructure. This study enriches the relevant research on carbon emission reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To optimize the accessibility algorithm and quantify the potential relationship between human development index and traffic comprehensive accessibility system, this paper analyzed the spatial distribution pattern of urban accessibility and human development index of highway, railway, and aviation transportation systems using data on highway, railway, and aviation schedules based on GIS spatial analysis method. Furthermore, the coupling degree between human development index and accessibility and its influence mechanism on the city level in China were explored based on the super-efficiency data envelopment analysis model. Results showed as follows: (1) Spatial distribution of human development index from high to low was gradually changing from east to west. The spatial distribution of urban accessibility of the three traffic systems had an evident "Hu Huanyong Line" effect. (2) The coordination degree of urban accessibility and human development index spread in a ladder mode. High coordination of cities in North and East China and the central Yangtze River region forms the spatial distribution of urban development circles connecting an urban development belt. (3) Railway connectivity and control value were highly sensitive to human development index in cities where serious imbalance between accessibility and human development index. Highway connectivity and control value were highly sensitive to human development index in cities where high coordination between accessibility and human development index. The results would provide scientific references for spatial planning of transportation, economic, and social development of cities and coordinated development of urban agglomeration in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces the special issue “China: Internationalizing the Creative Industries”, describing the Australian Research Council funded “MATE” project which provides the conceptual background for the questions the issue explores. The MATE project began with the expectation that as China evolves from its status as a developing country with an emphasis on primary industries and manufacturing, to a mature, market-driven economy benefiting from high levels of international investment, it will become more actively engaged with the global “knowledge economy” and “information society”. In this context, developments in the “creative industries”, which are playing such an important role in developed economies, might reasonably be expected in China. Although China continues to be characterised by strong central-policy settings, as the domestic consumer market matures there is greater scope for consumer-led creative business development. The “MATE” project aimed to capture some of these changes as they began to gain momentum across a range of services: Media, Advertising, Tourism and Education. This special issue continues this theme with papers that explore the theoretical challenges, economic questions and implications, and practical instantiations of creative industries growth in China. All papers contained in this special issue have been peer-reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to examine the functionality of mobile applications (apps) in flood disasters in China, their usefulness in flood emergency management, and their ability to enable coproduction between participating parties. By conducting a tri-fold analysis on twenty-three mobile apps used nationwide and within Zhejiang province during the 2020-21 flood seasons, this paper finds that mobile apps have established an interconnected, multi-layered, and multi-functional information infrastructure for flood emergency management in China. Mobile apps have the potential to contribute in their respective ways to the core elements and phases of emergency management. In addition, these apps are found able to create the conditions for coproduction across sectors, which was corroborated by some good practice examples from media reports. However, governmental apps are found less ready to engage in cross-sector coproduction although they show signs of cross-department coproduction within the sub-nation government units. It implies a tension between the current way the government facilitates mobile apps in emergency management and the citizen empowerment by the mobile apps. This research contributes to the fields of information and communication technologies (ICT), emergency management communication and collaboration as one of the few studies examining mobile apps in China from the standpoint of emergency management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various stages of highway project construction process involve text, image, audio, video and other related data sources involving many participants, forming a huge amount of data. Accurately tracing the source of responsibility, refining and applying the unbalanced data in the highway project archives is of great significance for realizing the intelligent transformation of highway construction project management. This paper firstly sorts out the construction process of highway projects and the main data sources, constructs a data association network between construction entities and construction process, as well as a knowledge map of highway construction data. Then, according to the highway construction stage, an index system based on 12 key data is constructed by using the entropy weight cloud model method, and the importance of the data is evaluated. Thirdly, based on the unbalanced characteristics of highway project data, a method of mining big data in highway project archives using classification evaluation indexes is proposed, and the accuracy of this method is verified by case calculation. Finally, taking the Shizong Qiubei Expressway in China as an example, the intelligent management and control suggestions for key data of transportation projects are proposed. It is found that the key data with special importance rate in highway construction include construction data, supervision data and completion data. Boosting algorithm is more accurate than the traditional SMOTE algorithm for unbalanced data mining, which helps to save the project construction cost and improve the quality of data extraction in the project archives. This study provides a theoretical reference for key data traceability of highway project intelligent management and control platform and the improvement of intelligent management efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the way that increasing engagement in international standardisation processes has enabled Chinese firms to become global players in mobile telecommunications technologies and China to become a major influence in the international information and communications technology (ICT) standards arena. From a ‘social shaping of technology’ perspective it examines the development of the third generation (3G) TD-SCDMA (time division synchronous code division multiple access) mobile telephony standard (TD) and the path laid towards the next generation of mobile broadband standards and technologies. The paper highlights the complex interactions between a wide array of players involved, including national and foreign firms, and different sections and levels of the Chinese state. TD's success was by no means predetermined. China eventually adopted a pragmatic approach implementing TD and the two established Western standards. This complex history and interplay between Chinese and foreign players calls into question the idea of national or indigenous technologies for large-scale infrastructures, and highlights the limitations of national strategies in globalised innovation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on expectancy valence theory, people's behavior is affected by their self-perception and the external environment. In rural China, policy instruments as robust external environment factors have a strong effect on waste separation behavior (WSB). The purpose of the paper is to explore the influencing mechanism of policy instruments (infrastructure and information) on perceived value (perceived benefit and perceived cost) and waste separation behaviors. The data were collected from 689 rural households of Shaanxi province in China, and analyzed by using structural equation model (SEM). According to the results, the mediation effect proves that policy instruments not only can affect WSB directly but also can affect it indirectly through the perceived value. Specifically, information and infrastructure influence the perceived benefit positively and the perceived cost negatively, and information and infrastructure have an indirect effect on WSB through the mediation effect of the perceived cost. Second, policy instruments have a stronger effect on rural people's waste separation behavior than perceived value. Specifically, infrastructure has the most important impact on waste separation behavior, followed by information and then perceived cost. Third, the perceived cost is significantly negatively related to WSB, and perceived benefit has a positive effect but is statistically insignificant. It has a practical implication for the government. Providing sufficient infrastructure and launching effective information activities could improve the perceived benefit including biospheric, egoistic, social-altruistic, and reputation; and reduce the perceived cost of time, physical, learning, and money, which could then induce rural households to engage in WSB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of economy and urbanization in China, the issue of traffic congestion is increasingly prominent. Highways as the lifelines between cities are particularly vulnerable during the holidays. In order to manage highways more efficiently and regulate traffic more timely, it is necessary to detect congestion events on highways to realize the supervision of highway traffic. Using recognition data of highway path recognition system, transactions data of toll station, and GPS trajectory data of coach buses, touring buses and dangerous goods transport vehicles, this paper proposes a hierarchical congestion interval detection method which adopts fuzzy comprehensive evaluation algorithm to identify the traffic status of road sections. Taking the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration region of Hunan province as a case study, this paper uses the proposed method to detect and analyze traffic status of the experimental area in two weeks in February, 2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overloading of road freight vehicles accelerates road damage, creates unfair competition in the transport market, and increases safety risk. There is a dearth of research on the mining of data of highway Freight Weight (FW), and this paper therefore aims to discover factors affecting road freight overloading based on highway FW data, with a view of developing strategies to mitigate such occurrences. A comprehensive sampling survey of road freight transportation was conducted in Anhui Province (China). Vehicle Characteristics (VC), Operation Mode (OM), and transportation information from a total of 3248 trucks were collected. In order to take advantage of the strengths associated with both statistical modelling techniques and non-parametric methods, a Classification And Regression Tree (CART) technique was integrated with Binary Logistic Regression (BLR) to reveal the factors affecting road freight overloading. The classification efficacy test shows that the BLR-CART method outperformed the BLR method in term of accuracy. It is also revealed that the factors affecting overloading of freight vehicles are the Type of Transportation (ToT), Rated Load (RL), OM, FW during the investigation period, interaction between RL and FW, and interaction among RL, FW, and Average Haul Distance (AHD). Road transport authorities should pay greater attention to these factors in order to improve efficiency and effectiveness of overloading inspection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of information infrastructure as well as the transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure are among the major challenges for the Chinese economy. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore how information infrastructure affects the upgrading of industrial structure. Based on the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2013 to 2020, mediating effect model and non-parametric percentile bootstrap method are used to carry out empirical research, by creating an information infrastructure construction level and industrial structure upgrading indicators. The results show that, in addition to the direct effect of information infrastructure on industrial structure upgrading, information infrastructure can also work indirectly through three paths: (1) information infrastructure acts on industrial structure upgrading by enhancing urbanization level; (2) information infrastructure affects industrial structure upgrading by boosting technological innovation; (3) information infrastructure first enhances urbanization level, then acts on technological innovation, and finally promotes industrial structure upgrading. In addition, the intermediary effect of technological innovation is stronger than urbanization. In general, this study acknowledges that urbanization and technological innovation are partial mediators in the process of information infrastructure affecting industrial structure upgrading, notwithstanding other potential impact pathways being studied further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential competitiveness for new routes and resources has been theoretically discussed with regards to the Arctic route but is gradually becoming a reality as global warming increases. In June of 2017, China officially included the Northern Sea Route (NSR) as part of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), and major countries' interests in the NSR are greatly expanding. This paper presents the general characteristics of the NSR, NSR development in China, the expected relationship between the NSR and the BRI, and this relationship's implications for Korea. The NSR has poor facilities and information infrastructure and is not economically viable for commercial navigation due to its high-cost conditions compared to competitive routes. In order to explore the Arctic and develop the NSR, large-scale projects must be funded over a long period of time; this has caused major difficulties in development. However, as the NSR is included in the BRI, there could be an opportunity to utilize BRI funds, such as Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB). Further, China's NSR development and the NSR development of partner countries, such as Korea, should be further stimulated. As Korea has strengths in terms of its shipbuilding technology and geographical location, which is located at the core of the NSR, Korea would have chances to expand the economic cooperation and business opportunities with China and Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate whether information infrastructure can improve air quality, this paper presents an empirical study based on urban data for 2015 to 2018. To analyse regional differences in the impact of information infrastructure on air pollution, we used full sample and subsample data to make estimates respectively. The results show that information infrastructure can significantly reduce air pollution. However, there are regional differences in this effect, which is only significant in the eastern part of China. Information infrastructure can reduce air pollution in two ways: improving the quality of traditional infrastructure and improving energy efficiency In addition, the robustness test results are consistent with the above results. Finally, we put forward some suggestions for the future construction and application of information infrastructure. • Measuring information infrastructure with the technological index. • Information infrastructure can significantly reduce urban air pollution. • Traditional infrastructure and energy efficiency can act as influence mechanisms. • Information infrastructure has different effects on air quality in different regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-commerce and China are two widely discussed business topics. Despite the political, legal and infrastructure obstacles, the potential of e-commerce in China (PRC) is too great to ignore. This paper addresses the perceptions of Chinese concerning the obstacles and benefits of conducting e-commerce. Analysis identifies the rank-order of benefits and obstacles to conducting e-commerce in China (PRC). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Landslides recurrently cause severe damage and, in some cases, the full disruption of many highways in mountainous areas, which can last from a few days to even months. Thus, there is a high demand for monitoring tools and precipitation data to support highway alignment selections before construction. In this study, we proposed a new system highway alignment selection method based on coherent scatter InSAR (CSI) and ~1 km high-spatial-resolution precipitation (HSRP) analysis. Prior to the CSI, we calculated and analyzed the feasibility of Sentinel-1A ascending and descending data. To illustrate the performance of the CSI, CSI and SBAS–InSAR were both utilized to monitor 80 slow-moving landslides, which were identified by optical remote-sensing interpretation and field investigation, along the Barkam–Kangting Highway Corridor (BKHC) in southwestern China, relying on 56 Sentinel-1A descending images from September 2019 to September 2021. The results reveal that CSI has clearer deformation signals and more measurement points (MPs) than SBAS-InSAR. And the maximum cumulative displacements and rates of the landslides reach −75 mm and −64 mm/year within the monitoring period (CSI results), respectively. Furthermore, the rates of the landslides near the Jinchuan River are higher than those of the landslides far from the river. Subsequently, to optimize the highway alignment selection, we analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of feature points on a typical landslide by combining the −1 km HSRP, which was calculated from the 30′ Climatic Research Unit (CRU) time-series datasets, with the climatology datasets of WorldClim using delta spatial downscaling. The analysis shows that the sliding rates of landslides augment from the back edge to the tongue because of fluvial erosion and that accelerated sliding is highly related to the intense precipitation between April and September each year (ASP). Consequently, three solution types were established in our method by setting thresholds for the deformation rates and ASPs of every landslide. Afterward, the risk-optimal alignment selection of the BKHC was finalized according to the solution types and consideration of the construction's possible impacts. Ultimately, the major problems and challenges for our method were discussed, and conclusions were given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Changzhou University (Social Science Edition) is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Changzhou University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tao, S.; Liu, H.B.; Wang, S.T., and Li, C.H., 2020. Construction of smart coastal cities based on digital government. In: Al-Tarawneh, O. and Megahed, A. (eds.), Recent Developments of Port, Marine, and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 110, pp. 154–158. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. With the development of China's economy and society, the progress of urbanization has accelerated, and a series of issues such as population, transportation, and environment problems have emerged in the process of the operation and development of the cities. The concept of smart city has pointed out the direction to solve the above problems, and governments at all levels have been actively promoting the construction and development of digital cities. Based on literature review and empirical analysis, this paper takes a coastal city X of Fujian Province, China as an example to study the smart city construction process in coastal areas, it analyzes the existing problems and proposes corresponding feasible countermeasures. The research results show that digital government can promote the construction progress of smart coastal cities through top-level design and data sharing; aiming at problems such as insufficient information infrastructure and imperfect development environment, the government should guide investment to participate in the construction, innovatively develop the "Internet+" industry, and strive to create an upgraded version of smart city, the Smart Coast. This study has certain reference significance for the construction and development of smart coastal cities, and provides an effective way for the government to plan, construct and manage the digital cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to clarify the impact of agriculture–tourism integration (ATI) on in situ urbanization (ISURB) of rural residents, to highlight the role of industrial integration in the process of China's ISURB and to provide industrial integration suggestions for promoting urbanization quality in Chinese counties. Design/methodology/approach: By sorting out the panel data of China's 1868 counties, the evaluation index system of ISURB was constructed. Difference in difference (DID) and spatial Durbin-difference in difference (SDM-DID) model is used for estimate the relationship between ATI and ISURB. Findings: First, ATI can improve ISURB by 11.4% higher than other regions. Second, theoretical analysis model of ATI on ISURB is constructed from four aspects of "drive–push–pull–block." The results show that ATI can promote ISURB by increasing upgrading of rural industries, rural employment demand and income capacity, whereas ATI may inhibit ISURB by reducing farmland. Third, considering changes in institutional, hard and soft factors, rural collective economy, information infrastructure and digital finance all promote positive impact of ATI on ISURB. Fourth, ATI will produce spillover effects on ISURB in neighboring regions, which is more pronounced in the central and western regions. Research limitations/implications: This study lacks quantification of ATI, so future studies are encouraged to further quantify ATI at the county level. Practical implications: This study has policy significance for constructing ATI demonstration counties and promoting ISURB in China's counties. Social implications: It is of great practical value to promote China's ISURB. By stimulating ATI, it can improve income and employment capacity of rural residents and stimulate ISURB of China. Originality/value: This study enriches the theoretical and practical research on industrial integration behaviors during the process of ISURB. Highlights: Use county data to measure in situ urbanization (ISURB) Agriculture–tourism integration (ATI) can increase ISURB Constructs a "drive-push-pull-block" model to explain the influence mechanism Use spatial Durbin-difference in difference (SDM-DID) models Consider collective economy, rural information infrastructure and digital finance [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic commerce models and prescriptions from rule-based market economies like the United States have limited applicability in emerging markets. This paper adopts a strategic management perspective to examine the distinctive challenges facing e-commerce in China. A theory is developed to explain how the lack of dependable rules encourages guanxi and relationship-based commerce. It suggests that personal trust, contextual and informal information, and blurred boundaries between business and government have shaped e-commerce in mainland China. Case studies of online retailers in Beijing and Shanghai and a business-to-business (B2B) marketspace reveal how dynamic business relationships with complementary service providers and state agents can overcome institutional deficiencies. Short message service (SMS)-based mobile commerce (m-commerce) and other leapfrogging information technology (IT) applications could transform Chinese consumer behaviour and improve economic efficiency. The evidence from China helps to explain the influence of culture and institutions on different types of IT applications. Implications for e-commerce research and practice in China and other emerging markets are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-business successes in traditional organizations have prompted much interest among researchers in many disciplines such as strategic management, information systems, and economics. However, the complexity of e-business implementation process has been overlooked, and it remains unclear. This paper investigates causal relationships among strategic initiative, information technology (IT)-related resources, and e-business capabilities; and their roles in the implementation process. From the resource-based view (RBV) of a firm and e-business strategic stand-point, we propose a model of e-business implementation process. We divide the process into four stages, and 11 hypotheses are developed in seeking relationships among six proposed constructs. Drawing from a sample of 56 enterprises within Hubei Province in China, we provide theoretical support for a critical causal link from e-business strategic initiatives to utilization of IT-related resources, and consequently, creating distinctive e-business capabilities. We find that information sharing capabilities are intermediate and transferable forces that help translating IT-related organizational resources into the collaborative process capabilities. The causal relationships expand our understanding of the dynamics of organizational transformation enabled by the Internet. The practical implications offer managers guidelines to the roles played by strategy, resource, and capabilities for e-business success. It helps in recognizing the value of their potential contributions to the organization as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on panel data of 152 cities in China from 2005 to 2019, this study employs the difference-in-difference model (DID) to empirically study the policy effect, mechanism, and heterogeneity of smart city construction on urban green innovation. The empirical results indicate that smart city construction promotes the quantity and quality of urban green innovation. The results also show regional heterogeneity, which depends on the underlying mechanisms, including the fiscal expenditure, personnel input, and information infrastructure. Furthermore, the impact of smart city construction on urban green innovation is more positive in cities with higher initial innovation conditions. This study provides new evidence for the innovation effects of smart infrastructure construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 1950s and 1960s, rural radio networks were erected all across China, operated and maintained by local residents who worked as technicians, correspondents, and broadcasters. This article introduces the radio network as a complex and diverse technological infrastructure for the socialist masses. The content of broadcasting was never uniform; rather, each county, town, village, and even the individual broadcaster had a say in what sounds came out of their loudspeakers. Accordingly, the Chinese socialist soundscape was not only peppered with quotation songs and political slogans but also contained music and traditional opera, useful information, and occasionally the relay of foreign radio stations. Radio networks brought people together as members and active builders of the new society. While the extant historiography understands the socialist masses as a political and social category, this article argues that it was also constructed as a technological one. The socialist citizenry was often defined by its involvement in state-led infrastructure projects such as the radio network; in turn, as people strove to build and run their own radio networks, they spontaneously took part in assembling and buttressing the infrastructure that underpinned the socialist state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's economic growth over the past two decades has led to severe environmental pollution in most of its cities. To address this issue, China has developed and implemented several strategies to increase its resource utilization efficiency and move towards a green production economy, such as the information infrastructure construction policy (IICP). To assess the extent to which green production is being achieved, this study first measured the green total factor productivity (GTFP) in Chinese prefecture-level cities using a combined super slacks-based measure and the global Malmquist-Luenberger index (SBM-GML) model. Then, to assess the effectiveness of the IICP, the paths affecting the GTFP were explored using a time-varying difference-in-difference (time-varying DID) model. It was found that the IICP had significantly contributed to urban GTFP through its green technology diffusion effects and improved employment structures, with its implementation resulting in an average increase of 0.201 in the pilot cities compared to the non-pilot cities. This research attempted to explain how IICP plays a role in improving green production, and policy makers should attach importance to the power of IICP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the People's Republic of China, the development of information infrastructures has been a cardinal component of the national modernization project for more than four decades. While most discussions of digital infrastructure in the country focus on the 'Chinese internet,' framed by architectures of control like the Great Firewall and governmental initiatives like Internet Plus, this special issue contends that China's digital infrastructure extends from the physical cables laid under urban streets to the ideological capture of surveillance systems, and from the smart home devices domesticated by elderly citizens to the QR codes plastered on everyday life surfaces. Through their interdisciplinary and innovative studies, this issue's contributors push discussions of China's digital infrastructure beyond the reduction to authoritarian control and the triumphal rhetorics of governmental imaginaries. Given the breadth of analytical scale and the variety of research methods featured in this collection, the nine contributions to this special issue are organized in three clusters, each centered around one of three key terms from infrastructure studies: networks, systems, and standards. By accounting for heterogeneous scales and relationships through which China's digital infrastructure emerges, consolidates, and falls apart, these articles produce original knowledge about complex sociotechnical processes and develop productive concepts for future scholarship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Technology Economics is the property of Chinese Society of Technology Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) systems, accurate gantry topology data are crucial for fair and efficient toll collection. Currently, inaccuracies in the topology data can cause tolls to be based on the shortest route rather than the actual distance travelled, contradicting the ETC system's purpose. To address this, we adopt a novel Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) algorithm, Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), to dynamically update ETC gantry topology data on highways. We use ETC gantry and toll booth transaction data from a province in southeast China, where ETC usage is high at 72.8%. From this data, we generate a candidate topology set and extract five key characteristics. We then use Amap API and QGIS map analysis to annotate the candidate set, and, finally, apply LightGBM to train on these features, generating the dynamic topology. Our comparison of LightGBM with 14 other machine learning algorithms showed that LightGBM outperformed the others, achieving an impressive accuracy of 97.6%. This methodology can help transportation departments maintain accurate and up-to-date toll systems, reducing errors and improving efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Guihaia is the property of Guihaia Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Universities, research institutes, and firms are the main entities in the national innovation system. Owing to the heterogeneity of their outputs, prior studies have focused on their independent efficiency evaluation. This study adopts the nonhomogeneous data envelopment analysis model to assess the efficiency of three innovation entities in 30 provinces in China on a common platform. Results show that firms have the highest efficiency, and research institutes have the lowest efficiency. Innovation entities perform poorly due to the inefficiency of their subunits. Additionally, the 30 provinces are divided into three clusters by using the hierarchical clustering method. Moreover, Tobit regressions are used to estimate the impact of five environmental factors on the innovation efficiency of the three entities. The regression results show that the more open the region, the stronger the positive impact on the innovation efficiency of research institutes and firms. The regional economic environment has different degrees of negative impact on the three innovation entities. The direction and intensity of the impact of education input, government support, and information infrastructure on the three entities exhibit a large dispersion. The results provide important information for improving the efficiency of innovation entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Smart city construction has reduced PM2.5 concentration in Chinese cities. • Smart city has spatial spillover effect on PM2.5 in non-pilot cities. • Smart cities reduce PM2.5 through technology effect and allocation effect. • The impact of smart cities on PM2.5 is heterogeneous. In recent years, smart city pilot policy has been effectively taken by the Chinese government for controlling its environmental pollution. Therefore, it is of great significance to reveal the effect of smart city construction on PM2.5 in China. Based on the panel data of China's 285 cities from 2004 to 2018, a difference-in-differences model was adopted to explore the impact, dynamic effect, spillover effect and influence mechanism of smart city pilots on PM2.5. We find that (1) smart city construction has reduced PM2.5 concentrations by 5.34%, and the reducing effect is increasing over time. The results remained valid after overcoming endogeneity problems and passing a series of robustness tests. (2) Smart city pilots have spatial spillover effect, which has a positive impact on PM2.5 of cities within 50km, while significantly reduces PM2.5 of surrounding cities within 50km-250km. (3) The PM2.5 reducing effect of smart cities is primarily the result of technological effect and allocation effect generated by promoting innovation and industrial upgrading. (4) The PM2.5 control effect of smart cities presents an inverted U-shape with the expansion of city size, and is better in cities with low levels of financial support, high levels of human capital and information infrastructure. Finally, this paper puts forward several brief suggestions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban road network information is an important part of modern spatial information infrastructure and is crucial for high-precision navigation map production and unmanned driving. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a widely used remote-sensing data source, but the complex structure of road networks and the noises in images make it very difficult to extract road information through SAR images. We developed a new method of extracting road network information from SAR images by considering angular (A) and texture (T) features in the sliding windows and points of interest (POIs, or P), and we named this method ATP-ROAD. ATP-ROAD is a sliding window-based semi-automatic approach that uses the grayscale mean, grayscale variance, and binary segmentation information of SAR images as texture features in each sliding window. Since POIs have much-duplicated information, this study also eliminates duplicated POIs considering distance and then selects a combination of POI linkages by discerning the direction of these POIs to initially determine the road direction. The ATP-ROAD method was applied to three experimental areas in Shanghai to extract the road network using China's Gaofen-3 imagery. The experimental results show that the extracted road network information is relatively complete and matches the actual road conditions, and the result accuracy is high in the three different regions, i.e., 89.57% for Area-I, 96.88% for Area-II, and 92.65% for Area-III. Our method together with our extraction software can be applied to extract information about road networks from SAR images, providing an alternative for enriching the variety of road information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New Infrastructure (NI) has gradually become a new driving force for regional economic growth and an important part of the construction of new urban infrastructure in many countries, including China. Compared with traditional infrastructures, these NIs have mutually supportive functions and complex interrelationships that create interconnected networks of resources, information, and other interactions during the construction of the NIs. Therefore, it is important to analyze such correlation networks and explore their formation mechanisms in order to develop more scientific and reasonable strategies for NI investment and construction. In this study, the interdependence between NIs in Chongqing was analyzed as an example. Social network analysis (SNA) was used for the overall characteristics of the interdependency network of the NIs and an exponential random graph model (ERGM) was used to reveal the formation mechanism of this network. The results showed that information infrastructure is the key node for enhancing the effectiveness of Chongqing's NI needs and its government should play a coordinating role. The network of related relationships is characterized by "reciprocity" and "small group". The aggregation of NIs with such characteristics can produce an agglomeration effect. So, in the planning of NIs, the coordination among management departments should be strengthened and project locations should be reasonably arranged according to the functional interactive characteristics of the projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human activities have increased greenhouse gas emissions since the Industrial Revolution, and "emission peaking" and "carbon neutrality" have become serious concerns at this point. The role of information infrastructure in reducing carbon emissions is a critical issue that has received little attention and needs to be addressed. Using panel data from 289 cities in China between 2011 and 2017, this research empirically explores the impact of information infrastructure on urban carbon emission intensity and the mechanism behind this effect. We discover that the construction of information infrastructure significantly reduces urban carbon emissions, and this finding holds true after a series of robustness tests. The mechanism is optimization of industrial structure, agglomeration of producer service industries, and innovation of green technologies. According to the heterogeneity test, the carbon emission reduction is greater in mega cities with higher technological levels and larger urban scales, as well as large cities with better traditional infrastructure. The present work's findings give empirical support for promoting green and low-carbon development and mitigating global warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pattern and scale of commerce worldwide have been greatly transformed by the Fourth Industrial Revolution and technological advancement; digital trade has become the primary form of trade in the digital economy. On the basis of information network infrastructure, information technology level, digital industrialization level, and industrial digitalization level, this study establishes a comprehensive assessment system that applies an entropy–TOPSIS model to evaluate digital trade development level in China. The results indicate that digital trade in China was steadily growing between 2010 and 2019. A principal component analysis is conducted to identify factors affecting the digital trade development level in China. The analysis results suggest that Internet development, population income, industrial structure, payment convenience level, fixed asset investment, online transaction scale, and economic development all have positive effects on the digital trade development level in China, with payment convenience level having the greatest influence. By contrast, state intervention and degree of dependence on foreign trade have a negative effect on digital trade development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the effect of high-speed rails on analyst earnings forecasts in Chinese context. The results based on a difference-in-difference design show that the introduction of high-speed rail improves analyst earnings forecast accuracy. The positive association is stronger for firms located in regions with less developed institutional environments, firms with fewer intangible assets, and firms located farther away from information centers. In addition, high-speed rails increase analysts' likelihood and frequency of site visits. Overall, we extend the literature on economic geography and financial analysts, and shed lights on how transportation infrastructure facilitates information exchange in capital markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Domestic infrastructural information and communication technology (ICT) standards can be items of assertion for newly industrialised countries as they signal a capacity for breaking dependence on foreign technology and potentially drawing revenue from international export. This paper asks, with an in-depth study of a selection of recent South Korean and Chinese infrastructural ICT standards, to what degree it is warranted to correlate the production of standards with dependency-breaking technological capacity. A composite picture is found. On one side, a large portion of promoted domestic standards are creative imitations of foreign technologies with limited, if any, proportions of embedded domestic patents. This indicates a lack of capacity for challenging technological dependence. On the other side, several of the technologies studied signal emerging South Korean and Chinese capacity for embedding cutting-edge patents in infrastructural ICT standards when participating in global standardisation consortiums. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Identify truck stops by capturing GPS trajectory characteristics. • Determine time thresholds by capturing the temporal characteristics of truck activities. • Detect freight-related POI boundaries based on mean-shift algorithm. • The accuracy of our proposed method is significantly improved compared to the benchmark methods. • Analyze the spatiotemporal distribution of intercity freight trips of heavy trucks in China. The intercity freight trips of heavy trucks are basic data for transportation system planning and management. In recent decades, extracting intercity freight trips from GPS data has gradually become the main alternative to traditional surveys. Identifying freight trip ends (origin and destination) is the first task in trip extraction. Although many trip end identification methods have been proposed in previous studies, most of these studies subjectively determined key parameters and ignored the complex characteristics of truck trajectory and freight activities. In this paper, we propose a data-driven trip end identification method based on massive GPS data of heavy trucks in China. First, we capture heavy truck trajectory characteristics under the influence of GPS drift to identify truck stops from GPS data. Second, we analyze the temporal characteristics of truck activities and use freight-related point-of-interest (POI) data and highway network GIS data to identify valid trip ends from truck stops. The results of method validation suggest that the accuracy of our proposed method is significantly improved in comparison with the benchmark methods. We further extract intercity freight trips from the identified trip ends and analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of intercity freight trips in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information disclosure has been increasingly used as an instrument to discipline corporate misbehaviors and cities' transparency. This paper offers that the development of transportation infrastructure and therefore the reduction of intercity travel time would facilitate the news regarding publicly listed enterprises flow from where the enterprises locate to other cities. We also find that when local media remains silent on local firms' negative news, the media in other cities report and would report more as the travel time decreases. This is largely driven by local SOEs, showing a possible collusion between local SOEs and local media. This study offers useful insights for policy makers that concerns both transportation infrastructure and information disclosure as policy instruments. • Provides a comprehensive overview of information accessibility and truthfulness • Analyzes how intercity travel time have affected the firms' and cities' information transparency • Provides evidence of the reduction in intercity travel time based on transportation infrastructure • Highlights the planning and policy implications of transportation infrastructure through information transparency perspective [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]