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A thorough literature search is a key feature of scoping reviews. We investigated the search practices used by social science researchers as reported in their scoping reviews. We collected scoping reviews published between 2015 and 2021 from Social Science Citation Index. In the 2484 included studies, we observed a 58% average annual increase in published reviews, primarily from clinical and applied social science disciplines. Bibliographic databases comprised most of the information sources in the primary search strategy (n = 9565, 75%), although reporting practices varied. Most scoping reviews (n = 1805, 73%) included at least one supplementary search strategy. A minority of studies (n = 713, 29%) acknowledged an LIS professional and few listed one as a co‐author (n = 194, 8%). We conclude that to improve reporting and strengthen the impact of the scoping review method in the social sciences, researchers should consider (1) adhering to PRISMA‐S reporting guidelines, (2) employing more supplementary search strategies, and (3) collaborating with LIS professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pregnant women often turn to the internet as a primary source of pregnancy-related information. However, there is great concern about the accuracy of health-related information on the internet, making research on women's internet behaviours and decision-making critically important. Previous research has been conducted within a number of distinct but related fields, yet existing review papers have often failed to connect across the various disciplines. This review aims to synthesise the large and cross-disciplinary body of literature on women's health information-seeking internet behaviour regarding pregnancy and childbirth. A narrative literature review, which includes research from both health and social sciences, was conducted. Findings address the 'who, where, what, why, and how' of information-seeking behaviour on the internet, with suggestions for future research in each area further discussed. Additional research which addresses the remaining gaps in the literature can help providers be more aware of their patients' informational needs. Providers can be an important source of information, while also helping guide their patients on how to evaluate information. Enhanced patient portals and communication platforms can help to provide more timely and reliable information. Providing their patients with guides can be important for fostering enhanced health literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing chorus of academicians, public health officials, and other science communicators have warned of what they see as an ill-informed public making poor personal or electoral decisions. Misinformation is often seen as an urgent new problem, so some members of these communities have pushed for quick but untested solutions without carefully diagnosing ethical pitfalls of rushed interventions. This article argues that attempts to "cure" public opinion that are inconsistent with best available social science evidence not only leave the scientific community vulnerable to long-term reputational damage but also raise significant ethical questions. It also suggests strategies for communicating science and health information equitably, effectively, and ethically to audiences affected by it without undermining affected audiences' agency over what to do with it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of information tools and services is an integral component of librarianship, yet American librarianship has self-identified as a social science for more than 100 years. This article suggests an alternative epistemological perspective to the scientific tradition in librarianship: design epistemology. The article discusses key elements that compose design epistemology and presents examples of manifestations of these elements in librarianship. Analysis reveals that librarianship has much in common with design epistemology, yet the field lacks explicit acknowledgment of design as a fundamental epistemological framework. The article concludes with a call to reconceptualize librarianship as a design discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its beginning in the 1980s, the mental health rhetoric research (MHRR) has explored the rhetorical construction of mental illness from a genre perspective. Despite a growing body of research on the rhetorical study of mental health in the West, the discourse of depression has been rarely explored in the Chinese context. This study investigates a corpus of 3217 posts in the Baidu depression community in China with an attempt to identify typical rhetorical features of the posts in the depression community as a genre. We intend, through an exploration of the exigences, social actions, and consequences of the posts, to facilitate a better understanding of the depressed population in China. We argue that the social exigences for the posts in online depression communities can be regarded as a failure of the rhetorical environment in real life and that expressing emotions, exchanging information, establishing interpersonal relationships, and communicating across spatiotemporal boundaries are the typified social actions performed by the posts in the Baidu depression community. Moreover, as a genre, the posts have successfully created an ambience of collective intimacy. Taken together, the findings shed light on the rhetorical study of depression in China. • Applying the rhetorical genre theory to explore the field of health and medicine. • Facilitating a better understanding of the depression communities in China. • Exploring the rhetoric of health and medicine (RHM) in a non-western culture. • Employing a corpus-based approach with a large data set from real-world sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of delays in returning library books is common to all categories of library users at the University of Zambia. However, little is known about what causes the delay in returning the borrowed books. To address this gap, the authors investigated circulation policies at Zambia's leading academic library. The objective was to establish the effect of library regulations on the return of library books. Using a survey method, the study targeted 90 full-time students who were randomly selected. Quantitative data were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences while qualitative data were coded and analyzed thematically. The results revealed that circulation policies have an effect on returning the borrowed books by users. These findings provide a useful contribution to the dearth of literature on this subject and offer valuable information to inform future planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we consider how an online resource that publishes the findings and video, audio and written extracts from narrative interview studies has developed as an international collaboration, currently including 14 countries worldwide. In the two decades since the initiative was founded, the robust, national qualitative studies for DIPEx International have branched out from patient information and support to learning and teaching, insights and service improvement and cross-national comparisons. Embracing the challenge to reflect plural discourses of illness, health and care in societies that appear increasingly polarised, the DIPEx collaboration presents polyphonic perspectives that stand as potential counters to reductive dualities. As a result the collaboration has established a collection of unique, international resources that can be leveraged to promote understanding and learning from people's experiences of illness and care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The standard interview method (SIM) is a guidance framework for information gathering interviews. This article describes the purpose, scope, origin, experimental basis, and practical application of the SIM. It provides an informative overview of developments to date for psychologists and researchers within the behavioural sciences, as well as for practitioners who might use the SIM. The SIM contains core evidence‐based components but is otherwise open to tailoring and modifications to suit a variety of interviewing purposes such as policing, justice, education, and business. It provides an interview structure and exemplar dialogue, aligned with research into best‐practice interview technique. Method: A detailed overview of the SIM's interview phases, instructions, and exemplar dialogue is provided. The basis for these elements is explained in terms of the experimental and qualitative research that has informed their development. Results: The SIM provides evidence‐based guidance for investigative interviewers, and numerous versions have been created to suit different investigation types, interviewee groups, and jurisdictional or organisational requirements. It is continually refined as new findings from experimental research around best‐practice interviewing emerge. Conclusions: Rather than a single entity or completed product, the SIM represents a dynamic evolution of research, collaboration, and testing. Its flexible nature will allow it to keep pace with the ever‐progressing knowledge base that informs interview protocol and guidance development, and adapt to local cultures, legislation, processes, and systems of operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the Navigator of information resources on social Sciences (NIRON), created at the Institute of information on social Sciences of RAS. NIRON includes about 3 thousand names of information resources created in FANO/RAS institutions. NIRON includes descriptions of both traditional resources (libraries, archives, museums, periodicals, conference proceedings, etc.) and modern digital resources (electronic libraries, websites, databases, information systems, media resources, etc.). A practical typology of resources based on the structure and functionality of resources is proposed. NIRON provides the ability to search for and present resources by organizational aliation, by structural typology, as well as by subject on the basis of the GRNTI( rubricator). The prospects for the development of NIRON, primarily in relation to the possibility of creating a Single Russian electronic space of knowledge, are considered.

The paper attempts to establish ways in which school libraries in Nigeria can make available the right information resources to students suffering from dyslexia. Dyslexia is a mental disability and individuals that are dyslexic find it difficult to read, comprehend, lack ability to synchronize letters amongst others. The paper tried to establish what dyslexia is, the cause and symptoms. It also identified what stands as a barrier to efficient library use for the dyslexic. It also looked into the information resources that could be used by a dyslexic to get maximum satisfaction of having used the library. These resources include media resources such as audio books, music and pictograms. The role of stakeholders in ensuring that school libraries are established and well equipped was also discussed. The paper concludes that all hands must be on deck to ensure that disabled student, especially the dyslexic are not left out in the information world.

Purpose: To explore the practice and science of social good and identify avenues for producing research and evidence-based practice in this area. The main proposition of this paper is that social good has the potential to promote ideals that directly align with social work values, offer new alliances and innovative technologies for achieving them, and spark interest in macro practice. Method: To gain an understanding of social good, a three-pronged approach was used: (a) review of multidisciplinary academic literature; (b) review of web-based information; and (c) analysis of qualitative interviews with nine social good experts. Results: The combined data indicated three social good domains: diversity and inclusion, environmental justice and sustainability, and peace and collaboration. A proposed definition and conceptual model of social good has emerged from the data: (I) social good domains; (II) unconventional systems of change; and (III) innovative technologies and approaches. Conclusions: Social good can open up new opportunities for the social work profession, together with allied disciplines, to lead the development of evidence-based practices and educational programs aimed at promoting social justice. It can bring a fresh direction to social work, rooted in the profession's bedrock values and befitting the entrepreneurial spirit, advances and technological innovations of the 21st century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure play an important role to facilitate the adoption and sustainability of users' information seeking behavior. ICT helps students to access the quality of information sources available online. The survey study was carried out with an objective to assess the students' behavior and expertise towards adopting information communication technology at the three different public sector universities of the South Punjab. These universities were; The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, The Government Sadiq College Women University of Bahawalpur, and Bahauddin Zakariya University of Multan. The population of the study was the undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate students of these universities. The questionnaire was designed to collect the data about demographic information of the respondents, expertise in ICT, satisfaction with availability of ICT facilities in universities, effect of ICT, students' behavior in adopting ICT, and problems which prevents students in using ICT. The important variables of the study were students' behavior, skills, literacy, usage, effects and problems. The questionnaire was distributed amongst population through convince sampling. Collected data analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Data presented in frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. The results of the study concluded that majority of the respondents' expertise were good in using ICT e.g., searching, access, storage information, use of internet application, telecommunication and networking, simple and advanced searching, and discovery tools. The use of ICT improves quality of information, improve the relevance of research, awareness of different field of knowledge, reduce digital divide, and improve information seeking behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the last twenty years, Central and Eastern European Online Library (CEEOL) became a leading database and repository offering a highly specialized and comprehensive collection of full text indexed documents in the fields of Humanities and Social Science publications from and about Central and Eastern Europe. Journal articles, eBooks and Grey Literature items are included in 50+ languages, allowing access to the primary source in one repository and fostering the language diversity in academic research and publishing. The dissemination process of the content in CEEOL includes the following discovery systems: Google Scholar, ProQuest´s Serial Solutions, Summon, Primo Central, Alma, EBSCO´s EDS Discovery Service and Knowledge Base, TDNet and OCLC. The CEEOL´s partnership with Clarivate Analytics allows Web of Science editors having access to the CEEOL platform for easier analysis, selection and indexing of CEEOL journals that interest the Web of Science community. Institutional subscribers (states’, universities’, institutes’ libraries, etc.) worldwide appreciate CEEOL for providing researchers, scholars, students, librarians and library patrons the access to indexed and archived Journals, eBooks and Grey Literature documents from and about Central and Eastern Europe by leading academic and scholarly publishers. The Bulgarian collection of journals and books holds a special place in CEEOL due to the high quality of scientific content and the depth and the completeness of the digital archives of the Bulgarian periodicals. CEEOL is a unique source of information for the development of Bulgarian humanities and social sciences for the past over 30 years, and that source could be used more widely in Bulgaria for supporting this development in the future. The study uses a comparative approach and analyzes the results of some of the business analytics tools of the CEEOL system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents methods for testing the usefulness of bibliometric methods for the evaluation of information resources located at subject portals. Two subject portals for social sciences have been selected as objects for the study: Sam Webb at Gothenburg University Library in Sweden and Bisigate at the Aarhus Business School Library, Denmark. To show how to capture the local user views and requirements in the development of portals, this article explores the results of the analyses targeting one of the selected institutions, Gothenburg University's Department of Political Sciences. The study produced various types of lists as well as maps for monitoring the research and publication pattern of the department. These reports allow exploration and visualization of the research results of the institution in a form that is easy to read and understand for portal users. The content of the lists and maps was designed to provide information about which journals are relevant for the ongoing research activities in the department, and to identify useful links to professional institutions, organizations, persons, most cited publications, and authors. The study gathered quantitative data to measure how well the information resources of the portals match the research profile of the institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to investigate Social Science academics' scholarly use of information sources with particular focus on use patterns of e-journals. In this quantitative study, a questionnaire was distributed to 228 faculty members of various disciplines, that include the faculty of Social Sciences, Economics and Management Sciences, Education, Law and Commerce in University of the Punjab, Lahore Pakistan. Out of 228 participants, 118 respondents returned the questionnaire and the response rate of the survey was 52%. The results of the study showed that most of the faculty from the Social Science disciplines used e-journals, online reference sources, e-reports and print information sources to meet their academic and research needs. The least used sources were e-books, online indexing and abstracting services and e-theses. They accessed articles through General search engines, Google Scholar and Open Access e-journal websites more than subscribed sources of e-journals. They identified e-journal articles through chaining, searching and browsing method. Previous researchers also conducted studies to examine the Social Science faculty scholarly use of information sources and information-seeking habits; however, there were few studies examining Social Scientists use patterns of e-journals. In this backdrop, this study fills the gap by examining Social Science faculty patterns of using e-journals in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The perceptions of faculty members from the faculties of social sciences and humanities regarding the role of the library in assisting with their research and teaching needs are compared with those of academic librarians. This research was designed as a comprehensive, mixed-methods study. First, interviews were conducted with faculty members and librarians; then, based on the findings, a questionnaire was constructed and distributed to faculty members and librarians in these departments. The main finding is that the contribution of library services to the various aspects of teaching and research is perceived as higher by the librarians than by the faculty members. Faculty members appear to expect more from the library in various aspects of research support; however, most faculty members believe that the library fulfils their teaching needs. Regarding research, faculty members believe most libraries support the technical aspects, but they do not support other aspects, such as locating the information or providing more comprehensive information relevant for the faculty members' research. Therefore it is important to compare and resolve the differences between faculty and librarians' perceptions. The findings of this study indicate that the perception in libraries needs to change, and some of these changes should be made already in the preparatory stages of the profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reconstruction has progressed steadily since the 2011 TEPCO’s Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident. However, some people still hesitate to eat foods from Fukushima or to travel there, and there are concerns about the health risks of radiation. We investigated the relationships among reconstruction-related behavior, risk perception, types of information, and information sources, in order to consider appropriate measures for providing information and promoting reconstruction-related behavior a number of years after the accident. We conducted an online questionnaire survey (n = 1000) of Tokyo residents. First, a factor analysis was conducted on knowledge associated with radiation. Two factors were extracted; namely, “physical knowledge” and “health/social knowledge.” We conducted structural equation modeling to construct a model of “knowledge,” “radiation risk perception,” and “intention concerning reconstruction-related behavior.” “Intention concerning reconstruction-related behavior” decreased with “radiation risk perception” and increased with “health/social knowledge.” In addition, “health/social knowledge” negatively affected “radiation risk perception;” this effect was not large, but it was significant. Second, respondents were clarified by information sources using a cluster analysis. Clusters that included respondents who got information from public relations materials issued by municipalities and websites of administrative agencies had a higher factor score for “health/social knowledge” than other clusters. The cluster of respondents who did not get any particular knowledge had the lowest factor score, which was significant, and also had a low “perception of reconstruction.” [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Online health information, if evidence-based and unbiased, can improve patients’ and caregivers’ health knowledge and assist them in disease management and health care decision-making. Objective: To identify standards for the development of health information resources on the internet for patients. Methods: We searched in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for publications describing evaluation instruments for websites providing health information. Eligible instruments were identified by three independent reviewers and disagreements resolved by consensus. Items reported were extracted and categorized into seven domains (accuracy, completeness and comprehensiveness, technical elements, design and aesthetics, usability, accessibility, and readability) that were previously thought to be a minimum requirement for websites. Results: One hundred eleven articles met inclusion criteria, reporting 92 evaluation instruments (1609 items). We found 74 unique items that we grouped into the seven domains. For the accuracy domain, one item evaluated information provided in concordance with current guidelines. For completeness and comprehensiveness, 18 items described the disease with respect to various topics such as etiology or therapy, among others. For technical elements, 27 items evaluated disclosure of authorship, sponsorship, affiliation, editorial process, feedback process, privacy, and data protection. For design and aesthetics, 10 items evaluated consistent layout and relevant graphics and images. For usability, 10 items evaluated ease of navigation and functionality of internal search engines. For accessibility, five items evaluated the availability of websites to people with audiovisual disabilities. For readability, three items evaluated conversational writing style and use of a readability tool to determine the reading level of the text. Conclusion: We identified standards for the development of online patient health information. This proposed instrument can serve as a guideline to develop and improve how health information is presented on the internet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Can the mere expectation of a sensory event being about to occur on an artificial limb be sufficient to elicit an illusory sense of ownership over said limb? This issue is currently under debate and studies using two different paradigms have presented conflicting results. Here, we employed the two relevant paradigms, namely, the magnetic touch illusion and the “tactile expectation” version of the rubber hand illusion, to clarify the role of tactile expectations in the process of attributing ownership to limbs. The illusory senses of ownership and ‘magnetic touch’ were quantified using questionnaires, threat-evoked skin conductance responses and a combination of motion tracking synchronized with real-time subjective ratings and skin conductance. The results showed that the magnetic touch illusion was dependent on concurrent visual and tactile stimulation and that visually induced tactile expectations alone were insufficient. Moreover, in this study, tactile expectations were not associated with the rubber hand illusion, neither in terms of subjective ratings nor skin conductance changes. Together, these findings contradict the notion that the brain uses predictions of upcoming sensory events to determine whether or not a limb belongs to the self, and, instead, emphasize the importance of correlated multisensory information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the involvement of Working Memory Capacity (WMC, the cognitive resource necessary for controlled elaborate thinking) in voice behavior (speaking up with suggestions, problems, and opinions to change the organization). While scholars assume voice requires elaborate thinking, some empirical evidence suggests voice might be more automatic. To explain this discrepancy, we distinguish between voice quantity (frequency of voice) and voice quality (novelty and value of voiced information) and propose that WMC is important for voice quality, but less for voice quantity. Furthermore, we propose that frequent voicers rely less on WMC to reach high voice quality than people who voice rarely. To test our ideas, we conducted three studies: a between-participant lab-study, a within-participant experiment, and a multi-source field-study. All studies supported our expectation that voice quantity is unrelated to WMC, and that voice quality is positively related to WMC, but only for those who rarely voice. This indicates that the decision to voice (quantity) might be more automatic and intuitive than often assumed, whereas its value to the organization (quality), relies more on the degree of cognitive elaboration of the voicer. It also suggests that frequent and infrequent voicers use distinct cognitive pathways to voice high-quality information: frequent voicers improvise, while infrequent voicers elaborate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose an efficient method for authenticating the absolute moment block truncation coding (AMBTC) compressed images with the capability to recover tampered blocks. The existing methods may not be able to detect some types of intentional tampering. Meanwhile, the tampered blocks are only recovered by their means, causing an unpleasant mosaic-like appearance. The proposed method classifies image blocks into groups according to their similarities, and the group information is recorded for the recovery purpose. The multiple copies of the group information are scrambled and embedded into the bitmap of smooth blocks. The dominant portions of quantization levels are adjusted to generate a set of authentication code candidates. The codes with the minimal distortion are embedded into the least significant bits (LSBs) of the quantization levels. The tampered blocks can be recovered by averaging those untampered ones with the same index. The experimental results show that the proposed method not only achieves an excellent marked image quality and detectability, but also offers a satisfactory recovered result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate knowledge of secondhand smoke (SHS) risks, sources of information, and associated factors and behaviors among hospital staff. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey using a 40-item self-administered questionnaire among 328 employees at a university hospital. The questions on representative diseases related to SHS were used to measure the degree of knowledge of SHS. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the correlation between SHS knowledge scores and variables. Results: Females had better SHS knowledge scores than males, regardless of smoking status (p<0.05). SHS knowledge was positively correlated with cessation education in males, non-smokers, and the total sample (β = 3.950, 2.356, and 2.684, respectively, p<0.05). It was correlated with the experience of any SHS exposure-related symptoms in males, non-smokers, and the total sample (β = 3.950, 2.356, and 2.684, respectively, p<0.05) and discomfort when exposed to SHS in non-smokers and the total sample (β = 0.670 and 0.821, respectively, p<0.05). Conclusion: SHS knowledge is high among females, when hospital staff are educated about SHS risks, and when they have experienced any SHS exposure-related symptoms or felt uncomfortable when exposed to SHS. SHS risk education is an effective tool to increase SHS knowledge in hospital staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sociocultural context of sports journalists, comprising journalism on the one hand and the sports spectacle on the other, induces a conflict of interests. Journalists must endeavor to gain and maintain a minimum of professional credibility and sustain a close relationship with the source of information. This article presents two resolutive practices used by sports journalists as a means of dealing with this conflict. The first is the sports journalist's ambivalent behavior toward the source of information. The second is the sports journalist's use of a sociodramatic narrative feeding a loss-of-control scenario. These practices, respectively interactive and discursive, are discussed as well as their relationship to the sports journalist's conflict of interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the challenges which are faced by operations research and the influences which these challenges have had on society. According to the article, operations research is a different way in which technology is managed and science developed. The expansion of the physical sciences and operations research and the way in which this growth has impacted the social sciences is mentioned. The author's opinions regarding the way in which operations research needs to be managed are discussed.

The essence of cybernetic organizations is that they are self-controlling, self-maintaining, self-realizing. Indeed, cybernetics has been characterized as the "science of effective organization," in just these terms. But the word "cybernetics" conjures, in the minds of an apparently great number of people, visions of computerized information networks, closed loop systems, and robotized man-surrogates, such as "artorgas" and "cyborgs." Man, the human animal, recoils. Surely this is not the world that Wiener envisaged, where there would at last be a "human use of human beings." But, given the trend of manifest events, is this not the world which is most probably evolving? Those who hold such a view are probably epitomized by the late Amos de Shalit, a nuclear physicist who almost a decade ago contended that we live in a world in which cybernetic applications of computer technology had already progressed to a point at which an autonomous "Turing Machine" or "Uttley Machine" culture is clearly foreshadowed. Thus, in his view, the most man could hope for now is parity with the machine, in terms of domination of the planet. But at the other extreme are those whose view is that the cybernetic vision is largely a mirage, and whose attitude is characterized by the quip "Given enough competent human beings in attendance, any computerized information system can be made to work." The argument of this paper runs in the following termsr (1) That this is a time in human affairs when, in the context of the foregoing analysis, the "radical" point of view is likely to prove to be the "conservative" one: we may well be in the early stages of a "cybernetic revolution" worthy of "1984" and "RUR." Thus, to accept as potential reality what may seem an alarmist view, may turn out to be the only perspective which secures viable options by promoting mankind's welfare. (2) That it is not "too late" to forestall the evolution of a dehumanizing "cybernetic culture," where humans are required to adapt to patterns of organizational efficiency dictated by machine logics. (3) But that we cannot "turn back the clock," nor should we want to. It is only an ameliorative tactic at best to interrupt the orderly utilization of modern technology, especially if there is a socio- economic assessment of impacts made prior to installation. At worst, the arbitrary forestalling of technology utilization may set in motion system dynamics which will prove ultimately counterproductive, even in terms of the value orientations of the human- oriented conservationists. (4) Thus, having both the developed and developing nations in view, the most universally effective social policy is likely that which utilizes to the fullest extent possible the fruits of cybernetic science and system research, in the service of mankind. (5) It follows from this that man's most urgent and pre-emptive need is maximally to utilize cybernetic science and computer technology within a general systems framework, to build a meta- systemic reality which is now only dimly envisaged. Intelligent and purposeful application of rapidly developing telecommunications and teleprocessing technology should make possible a degree of worldwide value consensus heretofore unrealizable. The vision of cybernetic organizations espoused by this paper is therefore that, while we appear to live in a Dicken- sonian "best of times, worst of times" world, cybernetic science, computer technology, and general systems concepts create potential for realization of the former, and elimination of much of what comprises the latter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bu çalışma, antrenörlerin liderlik beceri gelişimiyle kütüphane ve bilgi kaynakları kullanımı arasındaki ilişkiyi KKTC’deki antrenörler üzerinden irdelemektedir. onbir liderlik becerisi toplamda üç kategoride özetlenerek yapılan çalışmanın teorik boyutunda, doğuştan gelen beceriler, sonradan kazanılmış beceriler ve işbirlikçi beceriler olarak ayrılmıştır. Çeşitli spor dallarında aktif olarak görev yapan toplam 274 antrenörü kapsayan çalışmada üç tane regresyon modeli kurulmuştur. Bu modellerin sonuçlarına göre; antrenörler kütüphaneyi kullandıkça sporcularına faydalı olmak adına hem doğuştan gelen yetenekleri, hem de işbirlikçi davranma becerileri artmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, antrenörlerin bilgi kaynaklarını kullanmaları bir lider olarak işbirlikçi davranış becerilerini etkilemektedir. / This study aims at investigating the relationship between the leadership skills for trainers and library and information resources usage in TRNC. 11 leadership skills are categorized into three variables such as talented skills, acquired skills and cooperative skills. 274 trainers, who are special on various types of sports, had been conducted. The results according to the regression models show that the increasing library usage had been affected by both the talented skills and cooperative skills for trainers. Also, the increasing information resources usage had been affected by only cooperative skills for trainers.

While social media offer great communication opportunities, they also increase the vulnerability of young people to threatening situations online. Recent studies report that cyberbullying constitutes a growing problem among youngsters. Successful prevention depends on the adequate detection of potentially harmful messages and the information overload on the Web requires intelligent systems to identify potential risks automatically. The focus of this paper is on automatic cyberbullying detection in social media text by modelling posts written by bullies, victims, and bystanders of online bullying. We describe the collection and fine-grained annotation of a cyberbullying corpus for English and Dutch and perform a series of binary classification experiments to determine the feasibility of automatic cyberbullying detection. We make use of linear support vector machines exploiting a rich feature set and investigate which information sources contribute the most for the task. Experiments on a hold-out test set reveal promising results for the detection of cyberbullying-related posts. After optimisation of the hyperparameters, the classifier yields an F1 score of 64% and 61% for English and Dutch respectively, and considerably outperforms baseline systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aims of this paper are to explore health information channels across different segments of the population, in order to increase the effectiveness of communication interventions to promote health and prevent disease. Materials and Methods: Study of the preferred health information channels among different segments of the Bulgarian population over 20 years for the period 2016-2017. The study covered 804 persons from 28 district cities in Bulgaria, randomly selected by direct individual questionnaire. Data from the questionnaires were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), Software version 20.0. Results: Nowadays, medical doctors are the most commonly used source of health information (84.8%). Following doctors, close relatives (family and friends) are the most commonly preferred interpersonal health information channel (40.5%). Of the mass communication channels, Internet (48.4%) is the most commonly used source of health information, with a relative share of women (54.1%) higher than that of men (39.6%) (р<0,05). The highest is the use of the internet in the age of 20-29 yrs (80.6%), the students (84.0%), the non-state employees (58.9%), the graduates (58.5%) and these on maternity leave (58.3%) and lowest use is in people over 60 (14.8%) and in low-educated groups (2.4%) (p <0.001), where in these two groups the TV is the mainstream mass communication channel for health information (33%). Print materials are the most rarely preferred (24.0%) for health information. They are more commonly used by graduates (29.4%), students (29.2%), non-state employees (28.5%), women (27.57%) and women on maternity leave (25,0%), and low-educated groups do not use this health information channel. Conclusions: The individual socio-demographic segments have different preferences regarding the sources of health information, which requires audience segmentation in the selection of intervention channels aimed at promoting health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multi-objective optimization model is proposed to allocate the location of VMSs by maximizing the average traffic guidance utility of VMSs and the number of benefited links, while minimizing information redundancy. The traffic guidance utility is defined to quantitatively measure the value of an installed VMS, which is calculated from passively collected GPS data and the physical topology of road network. The number of benefited links is to measure how many links are covered by upstream VMS to disseminate information. Information redundancy is introduced to quantify the mutual impairing between any two VMSs. A heuristic search algorithm is developed to solve the optimization model, which can calculate the saturated number of VMS for a road network and optimize the project schedule of VMS installation process based on the proposed objectives. A real-world case study is conducted in Beijing to illustrate the validity of the proposed approach, where taxis are used as probe vehicles to provide GPS data. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed multi-objective optimization model and it is promising to use the emerging GPS data to help agencies to allocate the locations of VMSs on both urban roads and highway networks, instead of relying on the subjective judgment from practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted in the University Libraries of five Universities spread over Kerala, providing higher education in Science, Social Science and Humanities. Cochin University, one among the five universities selected under the study, deals with Technology in addition to the conventional branches. The paper attempts to make a comparative study of the acquisition process of journals and databases among the five University Libraries. The author has collected data through a personal visit to all the five libraries with the help of a structured interview with all the University Librarians and the staff working in the periodicals section. Purchase of Newspapers and magazines is excluded from the study and importance is given to the subscription of Journals and Databases, as they are the significant information sources of higher education. Aspects such as the mode of selection of journals and databases, mode of purchase, current budget allocation, its apportion to different departments, how the fund is released as advance to the University Librarian's account, its utilization and settlement etc. are mainly dealt with in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few if any natural resource systems are completely understood and fully observed. Instead, there almost always is uncertainty about the way a system works and its status at any given time, which can limit effective management. A natural approach to uncertainty is to allocate time and effort to the collection of additional data, on the reasonable assumption that more information will facilitate better understanding and lead to better management. But the collection of more data, either through observation or investigation, requires time and effort that often can be put to other conservation activities. An important question is whether the use of limited resources to improve understanding is justified by the resulting potential for improved management. In this paper we address directly a change in value from new information collected through investigation. We frame the value of information in terms of learning through the management process itself, as well as learning through investigations that are external to the management process but add to our base of understanding. We provide a conceptual framework and metrics for this issue, and illustrate them with examples involving Florida scrub-jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New modes of neoliberal and rights-based reproductive governance are emerging across the world which either paradoxically foreclose access to universal health services or promote legislative reform without providing a continuum of services on the ground. These shifts present new opportunities for the expansion but also the limitation of abortion provision conceptually and ‘on-the-ground’, both in the Global North and South. The collection of papers in this special issue examine current abortion governance discourse and practice in historical, socio-political contexts to analyse the threat posed to women's sexual and reproductive health and rights globally. Focusing on abortion politics in the context of key intersectional themes of morality, law, religion and technology, the papers conceptually ‘re-situate’ the analysis of abortion with reference to a changing global landscape where new modes of consumption, rapid flows of knowledge and information, increasingly routinised recourse to reproductive technologies and related forms of bio-sociality and solidarity amongst recipients and practitioners coalesce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do university students understand the graphs that they read in their textbooks? How does their knowledge regarding the content and their statistical training influence this understanding? Does the kind of task demand also influence this understanding? To answer these questions, we asked a group of psychology students and a group of economics students to choose the most suitable graph for presenting the results of different psychological research studies (reports) (selection task) or to explain in words the results of the same reports shown by means of their graphic representations only (interpretation task). The results showed there were very few differences between groups. Most of the students were able to relate textual information to the adequate graph, but also revealed significant shortcomings and mistakes in their understanding of important syntactic aspects of graphs. They also interpreted the graphs correctly but their interpretation had different levels of complexity, which were not always optimal. We also identified significant differences regarding the difficulty of the reports and the kinds of misinterpretations of graphs. The two tasks thus revealed different pictures of students’ skills in reading and interpreting graphs and, consequently, how the characteristics of task demands influence their performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to compare the evolution of the Psychology journals included in the Journal Citation Report (JCR) databases (Science Citation Index (SCI) and Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI)) in the last 20 years (from 1998 to 2017), which are published in Ibero-American countries and in the Netherlands under the purpose of analyzing the main differential characteristics between one group and the other. This analysis includes the characteristics of journals, in particular: publications publishing categories in which they are classified in the JCR Science and Social Science; if they are open access journals or not; the language of the publication; numbers published by year; origin of the main contributions; quartiles; deciles and the position reached within the thematic category of Psychology in which they are classified. The total number of journals reviewed published in the Netherlands was 701, of which 18.8% belonged to Quartile 1, 36.2% to Quartile 2, 27.1% to Quartile 3, and 17.9% to Quartile 4. The total number of Ibero-American journals consulted was 242, of which 3.3% belonged to Quartile 1, 14.9% to Quartile 2, 18.2% to Quartile 3, and 63.6% to Quartile 4. The results found in the present study show a clear discrepancy between Psychology journals published in Ibero-American and Dutch journals, differences that may bias their JCR position and the evolution of journals over the years. There are also differences in the number of publications, the years of permanence in the JCR, and number of thematic categories in which journals are classified, being higher in the case of Dutch Psychology journals. These results only confirm that, currently and according to the historical trajectory of the Ibero-American JCR Psychology journals, they have increased their presence in the JCR. However, there has not been an improvement in the position in terms of quartiles and position, an aspect that may be conditioned by biases related to the current scientific scenario.

Purpose This report describes the development and dissemination of a library of English measures, with Spanish translations, on constructs relevant to social determinants of health and behavioral health outcomes. The El Centro Measures Library is a product of the Center of Excellence for Health Disparities Research: El Centro, a program funded by the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. The library is aimed at enhancing capacity for minority health and health disparities research, particularly for Hispanics living in the United States and abroad. Design The open-access library of measures (available through ) contains brief descriptions of each measure, scoring information (where available), links to related peer-reviewed articles, and measure items in both languages. Links to measure websites where commercially available measures can be purchased are included, as is contact information for measures that require author permission. Links to several other measures libraries are hosted on the library website. Other researchers may contribute to the library. Methods El Centro investigators began the library by electing to use a common set of measures across studies to assess demographic information, culture-related variables, proximal outcomes of interest, and major outcomes. The collection was expanded to include other health disparity research studies. In 2012, a formal process was developed to organize, expand, and centralize the library in preparation for a gradual process of dissemination to the national and international community of researchers. Findings The library currently contains 61 measures encompassing 12 categories of constructs. Thus far, the library has been accessed 8,883 times (unique page views as generated by Google Analytics), and responses from constituencies of users and measure authors have been favorable. Clinical Relevance With the paucity of availability and accessibility of translated measures, behavioral nursing research focused on reducing health disparities can benefit from repositories of research instruments such as the El Centro Measures Library. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I explore the sample size in qualitative research that is required to reach theoretical saturation. I conceptualize a population as consisting of sub-populations that contain different types of information sources that hold a number of codes. Theoretical saturation is reached after all the codes in the population have been observed once in the sample. I delineate three different scenarios to sample information sources: “random chance,” which is based on probability sampling, “minimal information,” which yields at least one new code per sampling step, and “maximum information,” which yields the largest number of new codes per sampling step. Next, I use simulations to assess the minimum sample size for each scenario for systematically varying hypothetical populations. I show that theoretical saturation is more dependent on the mean probability of observing codes than on the number of codes in a population. Moreover, the minimal and maximal information scenarios are significantly more efficient than random chance, but yield fewer repetitions per code to validate the findings. I formulate guidelines for purposive sampling and recommend that researchers follow a minimum information scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Information seeking for child-rearing is an increasingly popular topic in the medical and social science literature, though a theoretical framework in which to understand this phenomenon is still missing. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approach The authors present results from a qualitative research in which data were obtained from 21 interviews and the personal experience of one of the authors. Participants were all mothers supportive of attachment parenting, a parenting style inspired by attachment theory which advocates making parenting decisions on a strong basis of information. They were recruited in several Spanish autonomous communities and interviewed between April and July 2015.Findings Results were analyzed using grounded theory and allowed to define five major themes: becoming a mother implies a new perception of oneself in which it is common to feel more in need for information; the need to search for information originates in situations of “conflict” or crisis, or as a consequence of conflicting information; information is judged and weighed on the basis of affect and perceptions; scientific and experiential knowledge are valued as complementary; and finally, information seeking appears as one activity of identity work.Originality/value Placing conflict, instead of uncertainty, at the beginning of the search process allows to emphasize the role of information seeking in mediating relationships and interactions at a societal level. From this point of view, the authors understand that LIS should pay more attention to information seeking as an important factor in social change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Medical reviews and research comprise a key information source for news media stories on medical therapies and innovations as well as for physicians in updating their practice. The present study examined medical review journal articles, physician surveys and news media coverage of hormone replacement therapy (HT) to assess the relationship between the three information sources and whether/if they contributed to a state-of-the-science gap (a condition when the evaluation of a medical condition or therapy ascertained by the highest standards of investigation is incongruent with the science-in-practice such as physician recommendations and patient actions). Methods: We content-analyzed 177 randomly sampled HT medical reviews between 2002 and 2014, and HT news valence in three major TV networks, newspapers and magazines/internet sites in 2002–2003, 2008–2009 and 2012–14. The focus in both analyses was whether HT benefits outweighed risks, risks outweighed benefits or both risks and benefits were presented. We also qualitatively content-analyzed all 19 surveys of US physicians’ HT recommendations from 2002 to 2009, and 2012 to 2014. Results: Medical reviews yielded a mixed picture about HT (40.1% benefits, 26.0% risks, and 33.9% both benefits and risks). While a majority of physician surveys were pro-HT 10/19), eight showed varied attitudes and one was negative. Newspaper and television coverage reflected a pro and con balance while magazine stories were more positive in the later reporting period. Conclusion: Medical journal review articles, physicians, and media reports all provide varying view points towards hormone therapy use thus leading to limited knowledge about the actual risks and benefits of HT among peri- and menopausal women and a state-of-the-science gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study consist of 371 citations which have been appeared in two volumes i.e., 8 issues of International Journal of Library and Information Studies during the years 2014 and 2015. The distribution pattern of citation by type of documents i.e. journals are heavily cited (43.54%). It was observed that books fell in the next order (11.74%) followed by conference proceedings, reports, symposia papers representing 28.42 percent of the total which occupy an important place in usage. The average number of citations per thesis was 125.18. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the wake of the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident, to facilitate evidence-based risk communication we need to understand radiation risk perception and the effectiveness of risk-comparison information. We measured and characterized perceptions of dread risks and unknown risks regarding dietary radionuclides in residents of Fukushima, Tokyo, and Osaka to identify the primary factors among location, evacuation experience, gender, age, employment status, absence/presence of spouse, children and grandchildren, educational background, humanities/science courses, smoking habits, and various types of trustworthy information sources. We then evaluated the effects of these factors and risk-comparison information on multiple outcomes, including subjective and objective understanding, perceived magnitude of risk, perceived accuracy of information, backlash against information, and risk acceptance. We also assessed how risk-comparison information affected these multiple outcomes for people with high risk perception. Online questionnaires were completed by people (n = 9249) aged from 20 to 69 years in the three prefectures approximately 5 years after the accident. We gave each participant one of 15 combinations of numerical risk data and risk-comparison information, including information on standards, smoking-associated risk, and cancer risk, in accordance with Covello’s guidelines. Dread-risk perception among Fukushima residents with no experience of evacuation was much lower than that in Osaka residents, whereas evacuees had strikingly higher dread-risk perception, irrespective of whether their evacuation had been compulsory or voluntary. We identified location (distance from the nuclear power station), evacuation experience, and trust of central government as primary factors. Location (including evacuation experience) and trust of central government were significantly associated with the multiple outcomes above. Only information on “cancer risk from radiation and smoking risk” enhanced both subjective and objective understanding without diminishing trust in all participants and in the high dread-risk perception group; use of other risk-comparison information could lead the public to overestimate risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hızla gelişen teknoloji, hayatın her alanında yenilikler ve dönüşümler meydana getirdiği gibi kütüphaneleri de yakından etkilemektedir. Teknolojik gelişmelere paralel olarak bilginin kayıt olduğu ortam değişmiş ve yeni bilgi kaynakları ortaya çıkmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı; teknolojinin kütüphanelere etkisinin bilgi kaynakları açısından değerlendirilmesidir. Bu çerçevede öncelikle teknoloji tanımlanarak yazının bulunuşu ve kütüphanenin ortaya çıkışı arasındaki ilişki ortaya konulmuştur. Daha sonra, çalışmada ilk kütüphanelerden bu yana kullanılan bilgi kaynakları olan papirüs, parşömen, ardından basılı kaynaklar, mikroformlar, grafik kaynaklar, görsel ve işitsel kaynaklar ile elektronik kaynaklar hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Son olarak, konunun genel bir değerlendirilmesi yapılmış ve elektronik kaynakların kütüphaneler açısından etkilerine dikkat çekilmiştir./Technology which develops so fast generates innovations and changes in every aspects of life also affect libraries very closely. Together with the technological developments the environment of recorded information is being changed and new information sources have emerged. The purpose of study is to evaluate the impact of technology in libraries in terms of information sources. In this context, primarily technology and then relationship between invention of writing and the emergence of the library have been defined. In addition, this study includes the information about papyrus and parchment which are used since the ancient libraries, then printed sources, microforms, graphic resources, audio-visual sources and electronic sources. Finally, the topic is evaluated and general the impact of electronic sources in libraries is emphasized.

The article deals with the problem of knowledge-intensive industries as a vital factor in enhancing their competitiveness and efficiency of the intellectual activity of scientific organizations in Russia. The aim of the work is to analyze the forms and methods of improving the effectiveness of information systems, storing the scientific and technical information. The problems, that will be solved in the research, are: analysis and evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of investing in mathematical and information support of research; evaluating the risk in information systems development and management; the development of a system concept for improving the effectiveness of information support of the scientific activity.

Organizations should measure their information security performance if they wish to take the right decisions and develop it in line with their security needs. Since the measurement of information security is generally underdeveloped in practice and many organizations find the existing recommendations too complex, the paper presents a solution in the form of a 10 by 10 information security performance measurement model. The model—ISP 10×10M is composed of ten critical success factors, 100 key performance indicators and 6 performance levels. Its content was devised on the basis of findings presented in the current research studies and standards, while its structure results from an empirical research conducted among information security professionals from Slovenia. Results of the study show that a high level of information security performance is mostly dependent on measures aimed at managing information risks, employees and information sources, while formal and environmental factors have a lesser impact. Experts believe that information security should evolve systematically, where it’s recommended that beginning steps include technical, logical and physical security controls, while advanced activities should relate predominantly strategic management activities. By applying the proposed model, organizations are able to determine the actual level of information security performance based on the weighted indexing technique. In this manner they identify the measures they ought to develop in order to improve the current situation. The ISP 10×10M is a useful tool for conducting internal system evaluations and decision-making. It may also be applied to a larger sample of organizations in order to determine the general state-of-play for research purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-monitoring, by which individuals record and appraise ongoing information about the status of their body in order to improve their health, has been a key element in the personal management of conditions such as diabetes, but it is now also increasingly used in relation to health-associated behaviours. The introduction of self-monitoring as an intervention to change behaviour is intended to provide feedback that can be used by individuals to both assess their status and provide ongoing support towards a goal that may be formally set or remains implicit. However, little attention has been paid to how individuals actually engage in the process or act upon the information they receive. This article addresses this by exploring how participants in a particular trial ('Get Moving') experienced the process and nature of feedback. Although the trial aimed to compare the potential efficacy of three different monitoring activities designed to encourage greater physical activity, participants did not present distinctly different accounts of each intervention and the specifics of the feedback provided. Instead, their accounts took the form of much more extended and personal narratives that included other people and features of the environment. We draw on these broader descriptions to problematise the notion of self-monitoring and conclude that self-monitoring is neither solely about 'self' nor is it exclusively about 'monitoring'. We suggest that a more expansive social and material understanding of feedback can give insight into the ways information is made active and meaningful for individuals in their everyday contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From an international perspective, research in the field of public attitudes towards science and technology has been conducted since the 1970s. A frequently articulated - and empirically supported – assumption is that strong interest in and knowledge about science in a society is associated with more favourable attitudes towards science. This positive attitude in turn affects support for public funding of science. However, this research field is not without controversy, and for the South African population many questions remain unanswered. Initial research has not explored the factors that shape attitudes towards science and technology in detail. We re-analysed data from the Human Sciences Research Council to explore the above assumption. Interestingly, for the South African population, higher levels of scientific literacy and use of information sources are associated with more promises but also more reservations towards science and technology. This is especially true for relatively young and educated survey respondents. In international comparison, South Africa shows a unique fingerprint to some extent, but also shares characteristics with industrially developing countries of Europe (such as Greece or Portugal). To understand the correlations better, future research should aim to examine the overall picture when investigating the diverse South African population more extensively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]