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New entrants and incumbent firms rely on new knowledge to innovate and compete in the market. One way to acquire new knowledge is through the recruitment of new employees from competitors, a phenomenon popularly known as "poaching." Digital labor platforms are widely used by firms for this aim. We argue that job titles represent the first and most visible public source of information about knowledge workers and thus play a key role in navigating the vast spectrum of competencies available in digital platforms. Our analyses of the career trajectories of 11,644 knowledge workers in the United States between 2004 and 2014 suggest that increases in the ambiguity of a job title claimed by an employee are negatively associated with the likelihood of the employee being hired by a new employer. This finding appears stronger in the case of transitions to incumbent firms rather than new entrants. In the concluding section of the paper, we take stock of the various analyses presented and reflect on the potential role of job titles in the strategic management of human capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Movement & Sport Sciences / Science & Motricité is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, we present a generalized model of US university science and technology parks, and we identify covariates that might serve as target variables not only to perpetuate the growth of existing parks but also to provide information for those nations, regions, and universities starting new parks. Relevant covariates are the distance between the park and the university and if the park was founded during the information and communications technology (ICT) revolution (post-2000). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of computer science (CS) and computer science education (CSE) has relatively recently arisen as a subject for inclusion within the compulsory school curriculum. Up to this present time, a major focus of technologies in the school curriculum has in many countries been on applications of existing technologies into subject practice (both software such as office applications, and hardware such as robots and sensors). Through uses of these applications, information and communications technologies (ICT) have focused on activities to support subject and topic learning (across wide age and subject ranges). Very recently, discussions for including computers in the curriculum have shifted to a much greater focus on computing and CS, more concerned with uses of and development of programming, together with fundamental principles of problem-solving and creativity. This paper takes a policy analysis approach; it considers evidence of current implementation of CSE in school curricula, the six main arguments for wider-scale introduction of the subject, the implications for researchers, schools, teachers and learners, the state of current discussions in a range of countries, and evidence of outcomes of CSE in compulsory curricula. The paper concludes by raising key questions for the future from a policy analysis perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Does the use of ICTs lead to convergence? Or are existing differences being reproduced? This paper deals with these broad questions in the domain of political accountability in two countries and applies these questions to the level of agency accountability and political accountability systems. The results of empirical research in the Netherlands (a parliamentary system) and three American states (presidential systems) into the effects of digitization on political accountability are used to evaluate the relevance of institutional differences for explaining outcomes of technological trajectories. The research indicates that there are many similarities and few differences at the level of agencies. Government agencies in both countries record more data than before the introduction of ICTs, grant better access to recently recorded data. have not created technological warranties for protecting the authenticity of this information and cannot guarantee that the digital information will remain accessible over time. One minor difference between the findings is that websites were found to be more important for communication between government agencies and citizens and even within government agencies in the USA than in the Netherlands. The fact that many similarities and few differences were found supports the idea that government agencies in different countries are converging because of the use of the same technologies. Does convergence also take place at the level of accountability systems? There are relevant differences at the level of political principals. Principals in the Netherlands make little use of digital information and mostly rely on information in paper documents whereas principals in the USA extensively use digital information for fact-finding. Principals in the Netherlands have insufficient information processing capacity to adequately process all the digital information available to them while principals in the USA generally have sufficient capacity. Principals in the Netherlands make limited us of databases for fact-finding whereas principals in the USA, in contrast, make much use of this digital information. Overall, American principals are better capable of using digital information for fact-finding than Dutch principals. This indicates that institutional differences in ex-post oversight are reproduced in the information age. The relation between information and communication technologies and political institutions is ambiguous: agencies are converging whereas differences between political principals are reproduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mediation of work practices by information and communication technologies enables knowledge workers to telework from remote non-office locations such as their homes, or to work nomadically from multiple locations in a day. This paper uses data from the American Time Use Survey to explore the relationship between daily work locations and travel in the United States from 2003 to 2017. Outcome variables include travel duration and travel during peak periods. Home is by far the most common non-office work location, but working from other people's homes, cafés/libraries, vehicles, and combinations of multiple locations are also measured. Findings show that working from home only on a day (full-day telework) decreases daily travel duration and increases the likelihood of avoiding peak hour travel for both work and non-work related travel. However, for homeworkers who also conduct work from their workplace on the same day (part-day telework), there is no reduction in daily travel time, and avoiding peak hour travel is limited to work-related travel. Working from other locations such as cafés/libraries or vehicles increases the likelihood of not traveling at peak hours. Findings also indicate that morning peak periods are more affected by work location decisions than evening peak periods. A survival analysis of daily departure times for both full-day and part-day homeworkers provides insight into this mechanism. We conclude on the basis of these findings that demand management policies and peak avoidance incentives would be more effective if they encourage both temporal and spatial flexibility for employees when partnering with regional employers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Online participation in political processes has grown in advanced industrial societies like the United States (E. Anduiza, A. Gallego, and M. Cantijoch, “Online Political Participation in Spain: The Impact of Traditional and Internet Resources,” Journal of Information Technology & Politics 7: 4 (2010) 356–368). Experimentation and goal-setting have been done around integrating two-way communication into online GIS portals to advance online participation. Increasingly, web development information technology enables the development of these functions. However, the state of practice has not developed to support such activities. This paper relies on literature and a survey of US geoportals to provide an in-depth overview of the state of practice for such sites, including stated goals and challenges, current applications, and both technical and realized capabilities. This paper then discusses this state of practice through the lens of the development process of a new geoportal for the St Louis region. This discussion yields a response to issues raised in the literature and provides a framework for other groups that are considering development of similar sites. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The study discussed in this article attempts to trace the research trends in information and communication technology (ICT) in top 10 countries during 1999-2018, as reflected by scholarly publications index in the Scopus database. During the mentioned time period, total 18,382 research papers were published. Of these, maximum 1622 (8.82%) records were published in 2017. The annual growth (- 11.07 to 51.30) and the compound annual growth (- 0.01 to 0.23) have shown a fluctuating trend. However, a considerable number of records (7345) were published in the field of computer science while 52.35% of the records (9623) were journal article-type publications. 'Information and communication technology' was the most significant keyword used in 4997 records while the average (145.3) publications were contributed by top 10 organizations in which Japan National Institute of Information and Communications Technology was the most productive organization with 256 records. The maximum contributing country was the United States, standing for 22% of the total publications produced. Toyoshima, M. is the most prolific author with 53 publications on a particular topic, that is, ICT. The overall relative growth has shown a decreasing trend (0.92 to 0.09) while during the period of study, the doubling time has shown an increasing trend (0.75 to 7.54). Out of the total 18,382 records, total 209,919 citations were recorded in which the maximum citations (20,548) were found in 2010. Out of the total 55,913 research papers, maximum (5058) records were contributed by two authors while the least number of publications (2186) came from four authors. The mean value of the degree of collaborations was 0.92 and the overall degree of collaboration has exhibited an increasing trend during the period of study. The average author's collaboration coefficient and modified collaboration coefficient was recorded to be 0.69 while collaborative index was recorded at 4.21. However, Lotka's law of authors' productivity shows, the authors observed are somehow unlike from the numbers of authors expected during the period of study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A documentary review was carried out on the production and publication of research papers related to the study of the variables Information and Communication Technologies ICTs in the Teaching - Learning of Organic Chemistry. The purpose of the bibliometric analysis proposed in this document was to know the main characteristics of the volume of publications registered in the Scopus database during the period 201 8-2022, achieving the identification of 160 publications in total. The information provided by this platform was organized through graphs and figures categorizing the information by Year of Publication, Country of Origin, Area of Knowledge and Type of Publication. Once these characteristics have been described, the position of different authors towards the proposed theme is referenced through a qualitative analysis. Among the main findings made through this research, it is found that the United States, with 60 publications, was the country with the highest scientific production registered in the name of authors affiliated with institutions in that country. The Area of Knowledge that made the greatest contribution to the construction of bibliographic material referring to the study of Information and Communication Technologies ICTs in the Teaching - Learning of Organic Chemistry was Chemistry with 160 published documents, and the Type of Publication that was most used during the period indicated above was the Journal Article with 105 documents of the total scientific production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the paper is to examine information use and information literacy in the context of weight management. It reports on a two-year study funded by the Department of Health known informally as the Net.Weight Study. Net.Weight examined the potential for increased, innovative and effective uses of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to support the self management of weight. The research was conducted in the city of Brighton & Hove by an inter-disciplinary team from the University of Brighton. The paper gives a brief overview of the various methods used in the study as a whole but discusses one strand, the user survey, in more detail. The survey gathered data on people's information and ICT use around weight management. The design of the survey questionnaire required the adaptation of existing literacy assessment instruments and this process is described in this paper. The findings show that people use a wide range of information sources for information and support around weight management. The most useful sources are slimming groups, food packaging, friends and family, magazines, TV and health books, thus representing a variety of media, formal and informal, and including human sources. The internet was reported to be a useful source for around half the survey respondents and is most often used for information about diet and exercise. A majority of respondents described themselves as active information seekers and confident about their information skills. They are less confident about internet information than information generally and even less confident about using the internet to support weight management activities. The concept of literacies, particularly around information and health, provide a framework for examining the Net.Weight findings. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for health information policy and for those interested in applying information literacy theory to health. The role of healthcare practitioners in weight management information is addressed, as is the need for targeted rather than generic health information. It is suggested that the work done in the education sector to increase awareness of information literacy and improve skills could provide a useful model of good practice in a health context. However, the evidence provided by the Net.Weight study suggests that for such an approach to be relevant it needs to reflect the complexity of health information processes in everyday lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transformative technologies are rapidly changing the accounting profession. The technological demand placed upon accounting professionals is unprecedented. Moreover, the United States accounting profession is plagued with significantly higher than average job turnover as compared to other industries. A modern form of stress has emerged in the workplace. Known as technostress, this type of stress originates from the interaction with information and communication technologies. The adverse physiological and psychosomatic consequences that result from technostress are argued to influence job turnover intention similarly to other role stressors. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect that technology stress, along with organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and satisfaction with life, have on the job turnover intention in the accounting profession. This paper broadens the literature with respect to job turnover by evaluating the potential of technostress as an antecedent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we analyse labour productivity growth in the United States, four European countries (France, Germany, the Netherlands and United Kingdom), Australia and Canada between 1987 and 2003 from an industry perspective. Rather than analysing broad industry groups, we compare the pattern of growth in all industries through Harberger diagrams. We introduce new summary measures, which indicate the pervasiveness of growth patterns. These indicators show that investment in both information and communication technology (ICT) and non-ICT capital is fairly balanced or ‘yeasty’, driven by overall macro-economic conditions. However, growth of total factor productivity (TFP) is much more localized or ‘mushroom-like’. In particular we find a clear distinction between countries in continental Europe, in which TFP is decelerating after 1995 and becoming more localized, and Anglo-Saxon countries in which TFP growth is accelerating and becoming more broad-based, especially after 2000. The increased breadth of Anglo-Saxon TFP growth is consistent with delayed effects of intangible investments that are complementary to ICT investments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- The purpose of this paper is to identify how adoption drivers change before and after key milestones of ICT product adoption (i.e. critical mass point (CMP) (adoption rate 16 percent), market saturation point (MSP) (50 percent) and new generation release point (NGRP)) based on actual subscriber data of the mobile communications industry that represents the ICT market, so that it has implications for the rejuvenation of ICT product adoption that has rarely been addressed in earlier studies. Design/methodology/approach -- This study examined the overall characteristics of ICT product diffusion by tracking the actual patterns of US and Korean mobile market subscribers using the Bass diffusion model. Findings -- This study found that innovation effects gain influences on ICT product diffusion after CMP, MSP and NGRP; imitators are becoming innovators by repeated rejuvenation experiences; and cultural differences have significant influences on imitators' ICT product adoption, but not on innovators. Originality/value -- These findings imply that rejuvenation enabled by technology innovation is a key success strategy to dominate the ICT market where the number of innovators, who have strong desires for new generation products, is constantly growing. Paper type Research paper [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present age, information and communication technology (ICT) plays a central role in the development of modern economies and societies by the 1 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Today's students integrate technology into all aspects of their lives for multiple purposes particularly learning, socializing, entertaining and shopping Asselin, Moayeri as well as doing 2 homework. This research has been conducted on the impact of ICT facility on student's academic performance in Jimma University College of Natural Sciences in 2009. The aim of this study was to find out the difference between the uses and nonuse of ICT and find out the existing gaps in their academic performance. Crosssectional survey method was used and from the total population of 1155, by using simple random sampling the researcher reduced to 230 and did the study. The researcher used different methods of data collection like observation, questionnaire and interview. The researcher interviewed 21 respondents and questionnaires were distributed to 209, wherein 184 (88%) have responded. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS software and MS Excel. The result of the study indicated that most students have searching skills, they have very good satisfaction with preparing power points, searching materials and search sample question papers by using ICT. Based on the findings most of the students were using the computer as sources of ICT services and the accessibility to the internet was good. The researcher recommended the ICT center, accessibility and usability of ICT must increase with more number of professionals to teach the students for better accessing and searching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the global context of information and communications technology development, the tourism industry is changing more and more as consumers tend to be more attracted to this issue as a result of technology facilities. For economic agents in the tourism sector, technological progress brings benefits related to the efficiency of the activity and the increase of the incomes. Companies need to learn to think globally to thrive or at least survive. This new need of the modern man to become global has materialized in today's tourism. Tourism is the massive factor of today's changes and it can be considered as the most visible expression of globalization. The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of e-tourism on the competitiveness of tourism products in the context of the global tourism. The study is based on literature review and the main findings are that innovation represents an important aspect in tourism and information technology develops a new range of opportunities and dangers for the organizations that are part of the travel industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates for possible effects of information and communication technology (ICT) in reducing aggregate technical inefficiency. A translog stochastic production frontier is simultaneously estimated with a technical inefficiency model across a panel of forty-two countries in 1993-2001. Strong evidence is provided for a significant impact of ICT in reducing country inefficiencies. Further evidence indicates a significantly positive ICT impact on labor productivity, while it seems that a substitute relationship between ICT and non-ICT capital exists. Based on the model's estimates, the most efficient country in the sample is the United States, followed by India, and a number of other developed countries. Overall, developed countries operate closer to the world frontier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of Hispanic ethnicity on the adoption and use of information and communication technology (ICT) tools by small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in a southwestern renewal community (RC). Design/methodology/approach -- The paper investigates the influence of ethnicity on the adoption and use of information and communications technologies in small and medium enterprises using a sample from the RC of a large southwestern metroplex. Findings -- Results point to a continuing digital divide among Hispanic and non-Hispanic SME owners. Non-Hispanic SME owners were found to be much more likely to adopt a wider range of ICTs and to use them for both administrative and analytical purposes. Hispanic SME owners not only failed to adopt a full range of ICTs but also they were less likely to use ICTs for long-term strategic analyses. Originality/value -- The differences presented in this paper suggest that Hispanic SME owners may not be exploiting ICTs in order to achieve optimal operating efficiency and strategic effectiveness. The outcomes are particularly alarming because SMEs in RC areas have been the target of federal efforts to raise business productivity and profitability. The continuing digital divide may be undermining the very polices designed to enhance business operations in these relatively disadvantaged urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aimed at reinforcing the democratic values of freedom of speech and increased diversity in civic access to the means of communication, this paper examines the concept of democracy within an information and communication technology-mediated context. Discussion proceeds with an analysis of orthodox views adopted by Jefferson and the architects of the American Constitution. Building on the Jeffersonian tradition, a critique is presented of present-day, non-transparent constraints on the democratic values of freedom of speech, information access and the structural constrains mitigating unfettered public access to critical information and debate on fundamental social and political issues of the day. The proposed 'custodiary' model for the new Democratic Project is premised on the development of a constitutional framework which encourages information diversity and freedom of access and expression as a way of bringing back 'discourse' into democratic praxis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the growth impact of digital capital in the US and the EU-15 countries from a long-run perspective. It estimates the elasticity of output with respect to Information and Communication Technology (ICT) within a production function framework, by means of a panel cointegration analysis. ICT capital is found to significantly spur GDP growth over time, and above its income share. This sharply contrasts with existing aggregate evidence, and with the view that the growth impact of this factor is confined to the contribution given to the productivity resurgence of the 1990s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economists, management researchers and sociologists have all examined the impact of the spread of information and communication technologies. There has until now, however, been relatively little interconnectivity and cross-fertilisation of their fi ndings. The following paper attempts to derive a set of integrated “causality frameworks” and tests the resulting hypotheses using data for Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the high rates of economic growth of the US economy and the remarkable acceleration of productivity growth since the mid-1990s which is widely attributed to the modern information and communication technologies (ICTs). Design/methodology/approach After identifying three key factors for Solow's productivity puzzle and examining ICTs as a general purpose technology, three main channels of ICTs' impact in the economy are discussed: the first transmission channel is direct and consists of the effects generated by rapid technical progress within the ICT-capital goods producing sector. The second one is due to the increasing accumulation and application of ICT goods and services in the user sectors. ICTs' positive spillover effects comprise the third transmission channel, i.e. they lead to "disembodied" increases in efficiency in the sense of "learning by doing" in the end-user sector. Findings - The diffusion of ICTs requires investment in all industries, i.e. the improvement of competitiveness on the macro level is strongly linked to investment activities and skill qualifications on the micro level. Research limitations/implications The paper concludes with some comparisons between the US and the German economy where the acute need for infrastructure investment in East Germany in the 1990s limited the possibilities for investment in ICTs exactly at a time of high-technological dynamism at the start of an upswing of a new Kondratieff cycle. Although some comparisons with the EU are made the impact of ICTs in other countries except the USA and Germany is not discussed more intensively. Practical implications A very useful source of information for graduate students and policy makers alike on the theoretical and empirical impact of new technologies on economic development. Originality/value - This paper fulfils an information need for comparing growth in international perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the mid-1990s, extraordinary advances in semiconductors have enhanced the embodied nature of information technology, fuelling efficiency growth in computers and communication equipment industries. The consequent fall in prices has enabled the rapid diffusion of these new technologies, which have reached the critical threshold to foster productivity growth. In light of the recent growth pattern of the United States, this paper presents a model where the endogenous engine of development is the learning-by-doing process stemming from the usage of ICT for investment and consumption. Based on a two-sector framework (à la Whelan) that distinguishes between ICT-producers and -users, the model yields a sound representation of the stylized facts of the Information Age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

‘Logo’ is the name for a philosophy of education and for a continually evolving family of computer languages that aid its realization. Developed in the USA in the late 1960s, it became the material embodiment of a radical educational philosophy and a potential vehicle for the transformation of education. In the early 1980s, Logo was introduced into mainstream education in both the USA and the UK. Within an increasingly conservative social and political context with different education policy priorities, Logo was gradually stripped of its radical potential, marginalized and, where it survived, remoulded as harmless to the mainstream educational system. This paper draws on empirical research that explored the evolution of Logo between the late 1960s and the late 1990s. The paper focuses on the social processes involved in the initial development and evolution of Logo. It shows that these processes were heavily contested. Logo was the product of complex social, technical, political and economic decisions, and the product of negotiation shaped by the concerns of the social players involved. The evolution of Logo was not linear or even primarily technical. Rather, it was a seamless web in which the technical was interwoven with the social, economic and political in ways that illustrate the dialectical interaction between historical contingency and the intentions and aspirations of individuals and communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the influence of technology on recent presidential elections in the U.S. Information and communication technologies plated a key role in determining and announcing the election outcome. ICT application in presidential elections offers an invaluable opportunity to assess how technology penetrates the fabric of society and how it transforms its processes.

This paper develops new estimates of investment in and output of information and communication technology (ICT). These new estimates imply that GDP growth has been significantly understated, particularly since 1994. A growth‐accounting approach is employed to measure the contribution of ICT to the growth of both aggregate output and aggregate input. On both counts, the contribution of ICT has been rising over time. From 1989 to 1998, ICT output contributed a fifth of overall GDP growth. Since 1989, 55 per cent of capital deepening (the growth of capital per hour worked) has been contributed by ICT capital; since 1994 this proportion has risen to 90 per cent. ICT capital deepening accounts for 25 per cent of the growth of labour productivity over 1989–98 and 48 per cent over 1994–8. But even when output growth is adjusted for the new ICT estimates, both labour productivity and TFP growth are still found to slow down after 1994. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper we present an overview of GDP and productivity growth patterns in OECD countries over the past decade, on the basis of harmonized data. Our evidence suggests that fast‐growing countries generally shared three characteristics: improvements in labour utilization; a generalized enhancement in human capital; and rapid shifts in the composition of physical capital towards information and communication technology (ICT) equipment. Particularly, we show that technological change embodied in new ICT capital goods has been a primary source of output and productivity growth in ICT‐using sectors. The international comparison allows relating growth patterns to institutional and policy indicators, thereby offering some preliminary insights into the potential sources of growth disparities. Cross‐country evidence yields some tentative support to the idea that institutional factors affecting competition in the product market are likely to affect productivity patterns, especially in a period of rapid diffusion of a general‐purpose technology (such as ICT). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents the author's comments on the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) trying to mend its differences with universities over the issue of blocking the leakage of critical U.S. science and technology information to the Soviet Union. He believes that foreign nationals need not be excluded from direct participation on research projects concerning national security. He thinks that it is the universities who have made the information technology possible.

As the role of information and communications technologies (ICTs) grows, governments have seen the Geoweb and Web 2.0 as an opportunity to increase citizen involvement through e-government which provides citizens with the ability to record and share information. 311 services represent citizens' most direct contact with local governments in the form of volunteered geographic information (VGI) empowering citizens with the means of solving community issues. Past studies have examined VGI and e-government use finding patterns of a digital divide with survey data; yet, further research which allows for the visualization of these patterns using citizen-generated data is needed to understand the link between users and the content they create. This paper seeks to explore the relationship between sociodemographic status and 311 service request frequency in three cities within the United States using geographic information systems (GIS) and regression analysis. Results suggest the potential existence of a digital divide and that the demographic profile of a city plays a role in participation in e-government. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Technology-enabled participatory platforms are proving to be valuable canvases for engaging citizens in solving public-good challenges. Citizens are playing a more active role by either designing platforms themselves or participating on platforms created by public agencies. Unfortunately, our theoretical knowledge about the nature of these platforms is limited. In this paper, we take the first steps towards understanding technology-enabled participatory platforms. Through an exploratory analysis, following the spirit of a grounded theoretic methodology, we examined technology-enabled participatory platforms in the 25 most populated cities in the United States. We deduce four main archetypes—citizen centric and citizen data, citizen centric and government data, government centric and citizen data,andgovernment centric and citizen-developed solutionsof technology-enabled participatory platforms. We describe the intricacies of how collective intelligence is leveraged on these platforms. Implications for local government managers and urban planners are discussed. We hypothesize how the future of these platforms might evolve in the not so distant future. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Second language reading and writing scholarship has primarily focused on conventional paper-mediated academic texts (Hirvela, 2016; Plakans, 2009b). As innovative technologies have emerged, students must be proficient in new literacies that take place on the Internet and other information communication technologies (RAND Reading Study Group, 2002). However, there is a lack of research in this area, especially among international students who comprise a major component of student population in US universities (Farrugia, Chow & Bhandari, 2012). To fill the gap, this study investigated Chinese international students ' cognitive processes and experiences with online non-academic literacy. Twelve Chinese international students from a midwestern university in the US participated in interviews. Data was analyzed qualitatively. Findings indicate that participants took advantage of the skills that they had procured when reading and writing in school to help with reading and writing online beyond the classroom. Participants also reported that their academic literacy skills benefitted their non-academic skills, although some participants felt uncomfortable with online non-academic reading and writing due to linguistic or cultural issues. The study hopes to bring teachers, scholars, and administrators ' attention to a series of informal workshops on participation in new literacy for international students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The proliferation of novel viruses has put traditional health systems under immense pressure and posed several serious issues. Henceforth, early detection, identification, rapid testing, and advanced surveillance systems are required to address public health emergencies. • The widespread of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases have significantly emphasized the importance of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for timely detection, prevention, and control of viral infections. • This paper assesses the international research status of this field in terms of citation structure, prolific journals, co-occurrence network, intellectual landscape, and country contributions. • This article explores influential articles, active research topics, resarch hotspots, and emerging ICT trends in the scientific literature of infectious diseases. The prevalence of severe infectious diseases has become a major global health concern. Currently, the COVID-19 outbreak has spread across the world and has created an unprecedented humanitarian crisis. The proliferation of novel viruses has put traditional health systems under immense pressure and posed several serious issues. Henceforth, early detection, identification, rapid testing, and advanced surveillance systems are required to address public health emergencies. However, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tackles several issues raised by this pandemic and significantly improves the quality of services in the health care sector. This paper presents an ICT-assisted scientometric analysis of infectious diseases, namely, airborne, food & waterborne, fomite-borne, sexually transmitted illnesses, and vector-borne illnesses. It assesses the international research status of this field in terms of citation structure, prolific journals, and country contributions. It has used the CiteSpace tool to address the visualization needs and in-depth insights of scientific literature to pinpoint core hotspots, research frontiers, emerging research areas, and ICT trends. The research finding reveals that mobile apps, telemedicine, and artificial intelligence technologies have greater scope to reduce the threats of infectious diseases. COVID-19, influenza, HIV, and malaria viruses have been identified as research hotspots whereas COVID-19, contact tracing applications, security and privacy concerns about users' data are the recent challenges in this field that need to address. The United States has produced higher research output in all domains of infectious diseases. Furthermore, it explores the co-occurrence network analysis and intellectual landscape of each domain of infectious diseases. It provides potential research directions and insightful clues to researchers and the academic fraternity for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the definitions and evolution of instructional technology in America and Malaysia. The paper begins with the definitions of instructional technology and its development from the 1920s to the present, and how it relates with the development of ICT at Sultan ldris Education Universily Malaysia. The Sultan Idris Education University is the first Teacher Training College started by the British in 1922, where instructional technology began with visual instruction in 1922, and later in 2002 developed a course in instructional design and technology in the undergraduate and post graduate teacher training program. The influence of ICT is affecting the direction of instructional technology throughout Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - Most entrepreneurs typically predict the future, and thus, determine their business strategy by extrapolating historical and current trends. However, this is an especially risky practice in times of rapid and radical change in information and communication technology (ICT). The aim of this paper is to draw lessons from two case examples of proven success built on skillful deployment of social media. Design/methodology/approach - The paper presents two case studies: one short, describing the imaginative use of new media to promote a small-town furniture store in the US; the other longer, demonstrating the significance of a wide range of social media initiatives in the election of a long-shot candidate to the US presidency. Findings - To maximize the potential of ICT and cope with perpetual change, business leaders need to take the necessary steps to adapt to changing business realities. They must consider making less precise predictions about the long-term future and be willing to vary strategy more often, as new technological advances become available. Practical implications - When the past is no longer the primary basis for future strategy, and some leaders seem stuck in the past and what used to work, the paper urges strategists to take three simple steps to bring themselves to the cutting edge, and then to create a high-level 'ICT champion' who will foster an organizational learning culture. The thrust will be toward open-mindedness, lateral thinking, strategic experimentation, and innovative strategic planning. Originality/value - Analysis and discussion of two case studies yields valuable guidelines for the effective use of complex technologies in times of rapid and radical change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geographic information systems for transportation earned its moniker of GIS-T because of active GIS-T research and applications carried out over the years. There were several GIS-T books and review papers published around the turn of the twenty-first century. As we are now 10 years into the new century, it is an appropriate time to assess the past accomplishments and look into the future of GIS-T. This article first discusses the 'T' in GIS-T with a review of the critical transportation issues identified by the US Transportation Research Board. Past GIS-T developments are then presented from three different perspectives of using GIS-T as a spatial database, using GIS-T as an analysis and modeling environment, and using GIS-T as a communication tool. Because of the static map layers view and the conventional GIS data models, past GIS-T developments are weak in handling dynamic movements, changes, and processes in transportation systems. Our world, on the other hand, has become increasingly dynamic because of the widespread use of modern information and communication technologies. GIS-T therefore must transform itself to accommodate this dynamic and changing world. A discussion of the dynamic future of GIS-T is presented in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We document a large increase in the cyclicality of the incomes of high-income households, coinciding with the rise in their share of aggregate income. In the United States, since top income shares began to rise rapidly in the early 1980s, incomes of those in the top 1 percent of the income distribution have averaged 14 times average income and been 2.4 times more cyclical. Before the early 1980s, incomes of the top 1 percent were slightly less cyclical than average. The increase in cyclicality at the top is to a large extent due to increases in the share and the cyclicality of their earned income. The high cyclicality among top incomes is found for households without stock options; following the same households over time; for post-tax, post-transfer income; and for consumption. We study cyclicality throughout the income distribution and reconcile our findings with earlier work. Furthermore, greater top income share is associated with greater top income cyclicality across recent decades, across subgroups of top income households, and, in changes, across countries. This suggests a common cause. We show theoretically that increases in the production scale of the most talented can raise both top incomes and their cyclicality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two data sets are contrasted: country-level data (R&D performed by business in a particular sector and country (BERD) and company-level data (R&D financed by a particular company regardless where R&D investment is performed). About half of the overall EU vs. US R&D gap is in the information and communications technologies (ICT) sector. In turn, this ICT R&D gap has two faces. Country data suggest that the gap is largely intrinsic: the EU displays lower R&D intensities in several sub-sectors, while ICT sector size and composition are quite similar. On the other hand, company data suggest that the gap is instead structural: the sector size and composition of sub-sectors differ greatly, while R&D intensities are similar. One major explanatory factor lies in international flows of R&D and value added. Companies tend to allocate a larger share of their value added and a smaller share of R&D outside their home markets. In the sub-sectors which include much larger and more numerous US companies, these flows are unbalanced, and (BERD) R&D intensities are thus higher in the US than in Europe, everything else being equal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-government was born at the border of three different fields: public administration, information and communication technologies as well as business management. However, the content of the term is far from being precisely defined. According to one of the most generally accepted definitions, e-government ensures the efficient access to and use of services and information sources provided by the government, or in a broader sense, by the state and local government administration. Thus e- government provides an alternative to paper-based or personal communication, offering new ways of interaction between the administrative offices and the citizens. Besides provision of quality government services, effective e-government encourages the active participation of citizens in decision making and democratic practices. Public libraries could play an important role in this process. Nevertheless, as it can be revealed from related articles in LIS literature, this role is mostly limited to ensuring access to and use of e-government services, collecting useful links, as well as improving the ICT skills of citizens through training. Governments need to adopt a new approach, empowering libraries to become active participants of e-government initiatives. This paper presents the challenges of introducing e-government services in library environment with a focus on US examples, including the related activities of the Information Institute at Florida State University and the American Library Association. In the series "Scrutiny of Hungarian databases" independent experts evaluate various Hungarian online content services from the point of views of their use by library. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) literacy extends the previous measure of computing literacy from its focus on technology skills, to the use of technical skills to locate, collect, analyze, use, and communicate information in a relevant manner. Educational organizations such as the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) and the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL), along with national and regional governments have created standards that call for redesign of secondary education curricula. The common goal in these standards is to prepare students for a world changed by the Internet, digital communication, and a need to filter masses of information. Since these standards do not dictate implementation practices at the school level, questions arise. How are students being prepared for effective use of technology? Are students exiting secondary school as ICT literates? Is there still a need for a college-level computer ICT literacy course? What do secondary schools report they are teaching students? What pedagogies are employed in the learning environment? Do schools take an integrative or separate course approach? Are there differences based upon student population? What percent have a computer literacy graduation requirement? This paper explores the situation in a Midwestern U.S. state over a three-year study (2005-2007) in light of a state mandate and broader national and international initiatives and studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the fast catching up in the diffusion of information and communication technologies (ICT) experienced by most EU countries in the last few years, information technologies have so far delivered few productivity gains in Europe. In the second half of the past decade, the growth contributions from ICT capital rose in six EU countries only (the UK, Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Ireland, and Greece). Unlike in the USA, this has not generally been associated with higher labour or total factor productivity (TFP) growth rates, the only exceptions being Ireland and Greece. Particularly worrying, the large countries in Continental Europe (Germany, France, Italy, and Spain) showed stagnating or mildly declining growth contributions from ICT capital, together with definite declines in TFP growth compared to the first half of the 1990s. It looks as though the celebrated ‘Solow paradox’ on the lack of correlation between ICT investment and productivity growth has fled the USA and come to Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We argue that social scientists need to adopt a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between Internet Communication Technologies (ICTs) and collective identity. Here, we identify four factors that interact and make collective identity "thick" or "thin"- an organization's structure of communication, the breadth of its mobilization efforts, its goals (which may or may not include collective identity), and supporters' interest in cultivating a political community. Drawing on interviews with and participant observation data on supporters in MoveOn.org and the Florida Tea Party Movement (FTPM), we find that MoveOn, which focuses on curating donors, cultivates a thin collective identity and the FTPM, which initially focused on mobilizing citizens across political lines, nurtures a thick collective identity. In our analysis, we illustrate how the four factors interact and outline the consequences of collective identity over time. We conclude the paper with a call for additional research on collective identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]