1. Reducing Elderly Poverty in Thailand : The Role of Thailand's Pension and Social Assistance Programs
- Author
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World Bank
- Subjects
PENSION COST ,STATE BANK ,WORKER CONTRIBUTIONS ,SOCIAL PROGRAMS ,SAVINGS BANK ,HEALTH INSURANCE ,INFLATION ,SOCIAL PENSION ,POLICY MAKERS ,EQUITIES ,NUMBER OF CHILDREN ,GOVERNMENT POLICY ,PERSONAL INCOME ,INFORMAL SECTOR ,ELDERLY POPULATION ,GOVERNMENT PENSION ,PENSION ,PENSION REGULATOR ,FRAUD ,RETIREMENT SAVINGS ,WITHDRAWAL ,EXCHANGE COMMISSION ,OLD AGE ,TRANSPARENCY ,POLITICAL SUPPORT ,WEDDINGS ,BANK DEPOSITS ,FERTILITY ,RETIREMENT ,OLDER PEOPLE ,VULNERABILITY ,ELDERLY ,PENSION SAVINGS ,DISABILITY ,LIQUIDITY ,INCOME LEVELS ,PENSION BENEFIT ,PENSION PLANS ,INTERNATIONAL BEST PRACTICE ,INVESTMENT MANAGERS ,WORK FORCE ,ACCOUNT HOLDERS ,PENSION PROGRAM ,COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ,BANK DEBT ,LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION ,MUTUAL FUND ,TREASURY BILLS ,PENSION SUPERVISION ,INDIVIDUAL ACCOUNT ,AGING POPULATION ,CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS ,CITIZENS ,NATIONAL SAVINGS ,LIFE EXPECTANCY ,POPULATION PROJECTIONS ,INCOME TAX ,CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT ,PENSION TRANSFER ,FORMAL PENSIONS ,PENSION BENEFICIARIES ,IRREGULAR INCOME ,DISSEMINATION ,SALARY HISTORY ,PENSION PLAN ,LIABILITY ,HEALTH CARE ,ELDERLY PERSONS ,RETIREMENT AGE ,PROVIDENT FUNDS ,GOVERNMENT SAVINGS ,INVESTMENT RATE ,INCOME LEVEL ,SOCIAL ASSISTANCE ,RETIREMENT PROGRAMS ,DEPENDENCY RATIO ,MOBILE PHONE ,PENSION SCHEMES ,MUTUAL FUNDS ,LEGAL STATUS ,SECURITIES ,SOCIAL PENSIONS ,BENEFIT LEVEL ,MICROFINANCE ,SOCIAL COST ,REMOTE LOCATIONS ,WORKFORCE ,REAL ESTATE ,ASSET VALUE ,FAMILY SUPPORT ,COPYRIGHT CLEARANCE CENTER ,CORRUPTION ,NATIONAL PENSION ,PENSION ACCOUNTS ,PENSION SYSTEM ,FUND MANAGERS ,GENDER ,VOLATILITY ,SOCIAL SAFETY NET ,TRANSACTION ,INVESTMENT INCOME ,TAX ,CONTRIBUTION RATES ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,PENSION FUND ,GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT ,PERSONAL ASSETS ,FAMILIES ,STATE ENTERPRISE ,VOLUNTARY PENSION ,INFORMAL SECTORS ,TRANSACTION COSTS ,PENSION BENEFITS ,INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ,INVESTING ,AGE DISTRIBUTION ,BOTH SEXES ,ECONOMIC CRISIS ,FINANCIAL CRISIS ,BASIC BENEFITS ,INDIVIDUAL ACCOUNTS ,FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS ,PENSION PROGRAMS ,FEMALE ,POST OFFICE ,GOVERNMENT BONDS ,MINIMUM BENEFIT ,PRIVATE PENSION ,RESERVES ,FISCAL CONSTRAINTS ,PENSION ACCOUNT ,PENSION SCHEME ,CONTRIBUTION PAYMENTS ,BANK OFFICE ,INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT ,CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING ,PRIMARY EDUCATION ,SOLVENCY ,PENSION POLICY ,BENEFICIARY ,INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES ,ELDERLY PEOPLE ,PENSIONERS ,PUBLIC EDUCATION ,DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PENSION ,LABOR MARKET ,DEBT INSTRUMENTS ,MORTALITY ,RETIREMENT PENSION ,DEBT ,DEPENDENCY RATIOS ,PHONE BANKING ,SOCIAL SECURITY ,SHORT-TERM SAVINGS ,CONTRIBUTION RATE ,INEQUALITY ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,FAMILY MEMBERS ,ANNUITIES ,CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE ,MONTHLY CONTRIBUTIONS ,REMOTE AREAS ,CORPORATE DEBT ,OLD-AGE PENSION ,RETIREMENT INCOME ,OLD-AGE ,CREDIBILITY ,DEFINED BENEFIT ,INVESTMENT POLICY ,PENSION AGE ,WILL ,ANNUITY ,MARKET SECURITIES ,POOR FAMILIES ,SEXES ,RATE OF RETURN ,INSURANCE ,SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ,SEX ,EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE ,TREASURY ,PENSION SYSTEMS ,FINANCIAL INSTITUTION ,SOCIAL PROTECTION ,CONTRIBUTION COLLECTION ,HOUSEHOLD INCOME ,MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS ,GOVERNMENT SPENDING ,EXPENDITURES ,COMMERCIAL BANKS ,INTERNATIONAL BANK ,RATES OF RETURN ,BENEFIT FORMULA ,CIVIL SERVICE PENSION ,HUMAN SECURITY ,LEGAL FRAMEWORK ,COPYRIGHT CLEARANCE ,NATIONAL SAVING ,LABOR FORCE ,RETIREES ,FUTURE PAYMENTS ,PROVIDENT FUND ,AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES ,BENEFIT LEVELS ,EXPENDITURE ,PENSION PAYMENTS - Abstract
This policy note examines Thailand's programs for preventing poverty among the elderly, and suggests options for improving the effectiveness of these programs. The number of elderly people in Thailand will increase dramatically over the next 30 years, and the elderly already have a higher poverty rate than the population as a whole. Although Thailand currently has a total of eight pension programs, the majority of the benefits go to those who are not poor. In addition, unlike most countries, Thailand lacks a pension and provident fund supervision agency or a consolidated financial institution regulator, and does not appear to have a well-articulated national pension policy. This has led to the development of two major sets of pension programs, with one group sponsored by the ministry of labor and the social security office, and the other by the ministry of finance and the securities commission. These are also supplemented by an assortment of social assistance and community programs sponsored by the ministry of social development and human security and the ministry of interior. This policy note will examine the above issues in more detail and recommend policy options to simplify and coordinate the various pension and social assistance programs aimed at preventing poverty among the elderly, target more spending at the elderly poor, and assure long-term fiscal sustainability.
- Published
- 2012