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Background: The ethanol extract of KOTMIN13, composed of Inula japonica Flowers, Trichosanthes kirilowii Semen, Peucedanum praeruptorum Radix, and Allium macrostemon Bulbs, was investigated for its anti-asthmatic and anti-allergic activities., Methods: The anti-asthmatic effects of KOTMIN13 were evaluated on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine asthma model. Anti-allergic properties of KOTMIN13 in bone-marrow derived mast cells (BMMC) and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in vivo were also examined., Results: In asthma model, KOTMIN13 effectively suppressed airway hyperresponsiveness induced by aerosolized methacholine when compared to the levels of OVA-induced mice. KOTMIN13 treatment reduced the total leukocytes, eosinophil percentage, and Th2 cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids in OVA-induced mice. The increased levels of eotaxin and Th2 cytokines in the lung as well as serum IgE were decreased by KOTMIN13. The histological analysis shows that the increased inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus secretion were also reduced. In addition, the degranulation and leukotriene C4 production were inhibited in BMMC with IC50 values of 3.9 μg/ml and 1.7 μg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, KOTMIN13 treatment attenuated mast-mediated PCA reaction., Conclusions: These results demonstrate that KOTMIN13 has anti-asthmatic and anti-allergic effects in vivo and in vitro models.

PI3Kγ is known to play an important role in inflammation and immune responses. Mast cells are closely involved in the initiation and regulation of immune responses and allergic inflammatory reactions. AS252424 is a specific PI3Kγ inhibitor. Until now, the anti-inflammatory effect of AS252424 on mast cells has not been reported. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of AS252424 on the inflammatory mediators in activated bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). AS252424 dramatically attenuated c-Kit ligand (KL)-induced leukotriene C4 (LTC4) generation and degranulation in BMMCs. Downregulating phosphorylation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and inhibition of Ca(2+) liberation in BMMCs might be involved in the anti-inflammatory effects. These results suggested that AS252424 might be considered as a chemical tool or a drug candidate for prevention and therapy of inflammatory disease.

Mast cells are central players in immediate-type hypersensitvity and inflammatory responses. In the present study, the effects of britanin on the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction in mice and on the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and calcium ionophore A23187 (PMACI)-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human mast cell line (HMC-1) were evaluated. The oral administration of britanin (10-20 mg/kg) decreased the mast cell-mediated PCA reaction in IgE-sensitized mice. In the activity and mechanism of britanin in vitro assay, britanin suppressed the gene expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a dose-dependent manner in HMC-1. In addition, britanin attenuated PMACI-induced activation of NF-κB as indicated by the inhibition of the degradation of IκBα, nuclear translocation of NF-κB, NF-κB/DNA binding activity assay, and blocked the phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase, in a dose-dependent manner. We conclude that britanin may have potential as a treatment for allergic-inflammatory diseases.

Mast cells play critical roles in allergic disorders such as atopic dermatitis and allergic asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-asthmatic activities of 1,6-O,O-diacetylbritannilactone (OODBL) isolated fromInula japonicaThunb. (I. japonica) in a murine asthma model and bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). In an ovalbumin-induced asthma model, OODBL administration attenuated the airway hyper-responsiveness induced by aerosolized methacholine and serum IgE level in asthmatic mice.In vitrosystem, we found that OODBL reduced leukotriene C4production and degranulation through the suppression of cytosolic phospholipase A2phosphorylation and phospholipase Cγ-mediated Ca2+influx in IgE/antigen-stimulated BMMCs. Taken together, OODBL may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of allergic diseases such as asthma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]