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We examined whether pet ownership increased the risk for tick encounters and tick-borne disease among residents of three Lyme disease-endemic states as a nested cohort within a randomized controlled trial. Information about pet ownership, use of tick control for pets, property characteristics, tick encounters and human tickborne disease were captured through surveys, and associations were assessed using univariate and multivariable analyses. Pet-owning households had 1.83 times the risk (95% CI = 1.53, 2.20) of finding ticks crawling on and 1.49 times the risk (95% CI = 1.20, 1.84) of finding ticks attached to household members compared to households without pets. This large evaluation of pet ownership, human tick encounters and tickborne diseases shows that pet owners, whether of cats or dogs, are at increased risk of encountering ticks and suggests that pet owners are at an increased risk of developing tickborne disease. Pet owners should be made aware of this risk and be reminded to conduct daily tick checks of all household members, including the pets, and to consult their veterinarian regarding effective tick control products.

Background In the northeastern United States, tick-borne diseases are a major public health concern. In controlled studies, a single springtime application of acaricide has been shown to kill 68%-100% of ticks. Although public health authorities recommend use of acaricides to control tick populations in yards, the effectiveness of these pesticides to prevent tick bites or human tick-borne diseases is unknown. Methods We conducted a 2-year, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial among 2727 households in 3 northeastern states. Households received a single springtime barrier application of bifenthrin or water according to recommended practices. Tick drags were conducted 3-4 weeks after treatment on 10% of properties. Information on human-tick encounters and tick-borne diseases was collected through monthly surveys; reports of illness were validated by medical record review. Results Although the abundance of questing ticks was significantly lower (63%) on acaricide-treated properties, there was no difference between treatment groups in human-tick encounters, self-reported tick-borne diseases, or medical-record-validated tick-borne diseases. Conclusions Used as recommended, acaricide barrier sprays do not significantly reduce the household risk of tick exposure or incidence of tick-borne disease. Measures for preventing tick-borne diseases should be evaluated against human outcomes to confirm effectiveness.

Objectives: To evaluate the use of the Family Court System as a venue for screening adolescents, especially males for sexually transmitted diseases (STD). Goal: To identify, treat, and describe the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) infections among adolescents on probation under the jurisdiction of the Family Court System of Philadelphia from April 2004 through December 2006. Study Design: We analyzed data from the first several years of this program, which offered education and voluntary noninvasive screening for CT and GC to adolescents adjudicated delinquent and placed on probation through the Family Court of Philadelphia. Results: Between April 1, 2004 and December 31, 2006, 2270 adolescents were counseled about STDs, of whom 1605 voluntarily submitted a urine specimen for STD testing. Among the 1594 unique individuals with a valid test result, 13.9% (44 of 317) of females, 7.0% (90 of 1277) of males, and 8.4% overall (134 of 1594) were found to be positive for either or both STD. In total, treatment was confirmed for 93.3% (84/90) of males and 100% (44/44) of females testing positive. Conclusions: Noninvasive STD testing was well accepted by adolescents in the Family Court System. Over several years of study, infection rates were found to be persistently high in both males and females. The Family Court is an effective venue to identify and treat adolescent males and females with chlamydia and/or gonorrhea infection.