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1. Telemedicine During COVID-19 Pandemic: Lesson Learned from the Lazio Region Infectious Diseases and Emergency Department Network

Author: Maffongelli, Gaetano, Bevilacqua, Nazario, Vita, Serena, Bartoli, Tommaso Ascoli, Corpolongo, Angela, Benvenuto, Domenico, Chiriaco, Tiziana, Spiga, Giuseppe, Ribaldi, Sergio, Zirretta, Valentina, Ippolito, Giuseppe, Lauria, Francesco Nicola, Vaia, Francesco, and Nicastri, Emanuele
Published: 2022
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2. Lymphofollicular lesions associated with monkeypox (Mpox) virus proctitis

Author: Valentina Mazzotta, Laura Scorzolini, Laura Falasca, Raffaella Lionetti, Camilla Aguglia, Dimitra Kontogiannis, Daniele Colombo, Francesca Colavita, Maria Grazia De Palo, Fabrizio Carletti, Annalisa Mondi, Carmela Pinnetti, Gaetano Maffongelli, Anna Rosa Garbuglia, Francesco Baldini, Angela Corpolongo, Fabrizio Maggi, Gianpiero D'Offizi, Enrico Girardi, Francesco Vaia, Emanuele Nicastri, Franca Del Nonno, and Andrea Antinori
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Infectious Diseases, General Medicine
Published: 2023
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3. The first case of meningitis associated with SARS-CoV-2 BA.2 variant infection with persistent viremia

Author: Alessandra D'Abramo, Serena Vita, Francesca Colavita, Eleonora Cimini, Shalom Haggiag, Gaetano Maffongelli, Maria Beatrice Valli, Nazario Bevilacqua, Angela Corpolongo, Maria Letizia Giancola, Fabrizio Maggi, Chiara Agrati, and Emanuele Nicastri
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Infectious Diseases, General Medicine
Published: 2022
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4. Down Syndrome patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: A high-risk category for unfavourable outcome

Author: Serena Vita, Virginia Di Bari, Angela Corpolongo, Delia Goletti, Joaquin Espinosa, Sebastiano Petracca, Fabrizio Palmieri, Emanuele Nicastri, null Abbonizio, Chiara Agrati, Fabrizio Albarello, Gioia Amadei, Alessandra Amendola, Mario Antonini, Raffaella Barbaro, Barbara Bartolini, Martina Benigni, Nazario Bevilacqua, Licia Bordi, Veronica Bordoni, Marta Branca, Paolo Campioni, Maria Rosaria Capobianchi, Cinzia Caporale, Ilaria Caravella, Fabrizio Carletti, Concetta Castilletti, Roberta Chiappini, Carmine Ciaralli, Francesca Colavita, Massimo Cristofaro, Salvatore Curiale, Alessandra D’Abramo, Cristina Dantimi, Alessia De Angelis, Giada De Angelis, Rachele Di Lorenzo, Federica Di Stefano, Federica Ferraro, Lorena Fiorentini, Andrea Frustaci, Paola Gallì, Gabriele Garotto, Maria Letizia Giancola, Filippo Giansante, Emanuela Giombini, Maria Cristina Greci, Giuseppe Ippolito, Eleonora Lalle, Simone Lanini, Daniele Lapa, Luciana Lepore, Andrea Lucia, Franco Lufrani, Manuela Macchione, Alessandra Marani, Luisa Marchioni, Andrea Mariano, Maria Cristina Marini, Micaela Maritti, Giulia Matusali, Silvia Meschi, Francesco Messina Chiara Montaldo, Silvia Murachelli, Roberto Noto, Claudia Palazzolo, Emanuele Pallini, Virgilio Passeri, Federico Pelliccioni, Antonella Petrecchia, Ada Petrone, Nicola Petrosillo, Elisa Pianura, Maria Pisciotta, Silvia Pittalis, Costanza Proietti, Vincenzo Puro, Gabriele Rinonapoli, Martina Rueca, Alessandra Sacchi, Francesco Sanasi, Carmen Santagata, Silvana Scarcia, Vincenzo Schininà, Paola Scognamiglio, Laura Scorzolini, Giulia Stazi, Francesco Vaia, Francesco Vairo, Maria Beatrice Valli, Vita, S., Di Bari, V., Corpolongo, A., Goletti, D., Espinosa, J., Petracca, S., Palmieri, F., Nicastri, E., Abbonizio, Agrati, C., Albarello, F., Amadei, G., Amendola, A., Antonini, M., Barbaro, R., Bartolini, B., Benigni, M., Bevilacqua, N., Bordi, L., Bordoni, V., Branca, M., Campioni, P., Capobianchi, M. R., Caporale, C., Caravella, I., Carletti, F., Castilletti, C., Chiappini, R., Ciaralli, C., Colavita, F., Cristofaro, M., Curiale, S., D'Abramo, A., Dantimi, C., Angelis, A. D., Angelis, G. D., Lorenzo, R. D., Stefano, F. D., Ferraro, F., Fiorentini, L., Frustaci, A., Galli, P., Garotto, G., Giancola, M. L., Giansante, F., Giombini, E., Greci, M. C., Ippolito, G., Lalle, E., Lanini, S., Lapa, D., Lepore, L., Lucia, A., Lufrani, F., Macchione, M., Marani, A., Marchioni, L., Mariano, A., Marini, M. C., Maritti, M., Matusali, G., Meschi, S., Montaldo, F. M. C., Murachelli, S., Noto, R., Palazzolo, C., Pallini, E., Passeri, V., Pelliccioni, F., Petrecchia, A., Petrone, A., Petrosillo, N., Pianura, E., Pisciotta, M., Pittalis, S., Proietti, C., Puro, V., Rinonapoli, G., Rueca, M., Sacchi, A., Sanasi, F., Santagata, C., Scarcia, S., Schinina, V., Scognamiglio, P., Scorzolini, L., Stazi, G., Vaia, F., Vairo, F., and Valli, M. B.
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Down syndrome, immuneactivation, 030106 microbiology, Case Report, medicine.disease_cause, NO, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Clinical significance, lcsh:RC109-216, 030212 general & internal medicine, COVID-19 pneumonia, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, Coronavirus, Immune activation, business.industry, General Medicine, Immune dysregulation, medicine.disease, Vaccination, Pneumonia, Infectious Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, business, Trisomy, Respiratory tract
Abstract: Graphical abstract, Highlights • Pro-inflammatory factors play a central role in COVID-19 severity and mortality. • Down Syndrome is characterized by immune dysregulation and respiratory infections. • Down Syndrome patients with COVID-19 are at high-risk for unfavourable outcome., We report two cases of COronaVIrus Disease-19 in patients with Down Syndrome and describe the identification, diagnosis, clinical course, and management of the infection. Down Syndrome, which is caused by trisomy 21, is characterized by immune dysregulation, anatomical differences in the upper respiratory tract, and higher rate of comorbidities. All these risk factors can contribute to more severe clinical presentations of COVID-19. It is essential to raise awareness of the clinical relevance of SARS-COV-2 infection in DS patients, as well in other most vulnerable patients in order to improve their management and treatment and to candidate these individuals for vaccination, once available.
Published: 2021

5. 2019-novel Coronavirus severe adult respiratory distress syndrome in two cases in Italy: An uncommon radiological presentation

Author: Fabrizio Albarello, Elisa Pianura, Federica Di Stefano, Massimo Cristofaro, Ada Petrone, Luisa Marchioni, Claudia Palazzolo, Vincenzo Schininà, Emanuele Nicastri, Nicola Petrosillo, Paolo Campioni, Petersen Eskild, Alimuddin Zumla, Giuseppe Ippolito, Maria Alessandra Abbonizio, Chiara Agrati, Gioia Amadei, Alessandra Amendola, Mario Antonini, Raffaella Barbaro, Barbara Bartolini, Martina Benigni, Nazario Bevilacqua, Licia Bordi, Veronica Bordoni, Marta Branca, Maria Rosaria Capobianchi, Cinzia Caporale, Ilaria Caravella, Fabrizio Carletti, Concetta Castilletti, Roberta Chiappini, Carmine Ciaralli, Francesca Colavita, Angela Corpolongo, Salvatore Curiale, Alessandra D’Abramo, Cristina Dantimi, Alessia De Angelis, Giada De Angelis, Rachele Di Lorenzo, Federica Ferraro, Lorena Fiorentini, Andrea Frustaci, Paola Gallì, Gabriele Garotto, Maria Letizia Giancola, Filippo Giansante, Emanuela Giombini, Maria Cristina Greci, Eleonora Lalle, Simone Lanini, Daniele Lapa, Luciana Lepore, Andrea Lucia, Franco Lufrani, Manuela Macchione, Alessandra Marani, Andrea Mariano, Maria Cristina Marini, Micaela Maritti, Giulia Matusali, Silvia Meschi, Francesco Messina Chiara Montaldo, Silvia Murachelli, Roberto Noto, Emanuele Pallini, Virgilio Passeri, Federico Pelliccioni, Antonella Petrecchia, Maria Pisciotta, Silvia Pittalis, Costanza Proietti, Vincenzo Puro, Gabriele Rinonapoli, Martina Rueca, Alessandra Sacchi, Francesco Sanasi, Carmen Santagata, Silvana Scarcia, Paola Scognamiglio, Laura Scorzolini, Giulia Stazi, Francesco Vaia, Francesco Vairo, Maria Beatrice Valli, Albarello, F., Pianura, E., Di Stefano, F., Cristofaro, M., Petrone, A., Marchioni, L., Palazzolo, C., Schinina, V., Nicastri, E., Petrosillo, N., Campioni, P., Eskild, P., Zumla, A., Ippolito, G., Abbonizio, M. A., Agrati, C., Amadei, G., Amendola, A., Antonini, M., Barbaro, R., Bartolini, B., Benigni, M., Bevilacqua, N., Bordi, L., Bordoni, V., Branca, M., Capobianchi, M. R., Caporale, C., Caravella, I., Carletti, F., Castilletti, C., Chiappini, R., Ciaralli, C., Colavita, F., Corpolongo, A., Curiale, S., D'Abramo, A., Dantimi, C., Angelis, A. D., Angelis, G. D., Lorenzo, R. D., Stefano, F. D., Ferraro, F., Fiorentini, L., Frustaci, A., Galli, P., Garotto, G., Giancola, M. L., Giansante, F., Giombini, E., Greci, M. C., Lalle, E., Lanini, S., Lapa, D., Lepore, L., Lucia, A., Lufrani, F., Macchione, M., Marani, A., Mariano, A., Marini, M. C., Maritti, M., Matusali, G., Meschi, S., Montaldo, F. M. C., Murachelli, S., Noto, R., Pallini, E., Passeri, V., Pelliccioni, F., Petrecchia, A., Pisciotta, M., Pittalis, S., Proietti, C., Puro, V., Rinonapoli, G., Rueca, M., Sacchi, A., Sanasi, F., Santagata, C., Scarcia, S., Scognamiglio, P., Scorzolini, L., Stazi, G., Vaia, F., Vairo, F., and Valli, M. B.
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, ARDS, medicine.disease_cause, 0302 clinical medicine, SARS-COV2, 030212 general & internal medicine, Lung, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Respiratory distress, Ground glass opacitie, General Medicine, Crazy-paving, Infectious Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, Italy, Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, Radiological weapon, Disease Progression, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, Radiology, medicine.symptom, Presentation (obstetrics), Coronavirus Infections, Ground glass opacities, Adult, Microbiology (medical), China, medicine.medical_specialty, Mediastinal lymphadenopathy, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Pneumonia, Viral, 030106 microbiology, Article, NO, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Lesion, Betacoronavirus, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, LS7_2, lcsh:RC109-216, Pandemics, Enlarged pulmonary vessel, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, COVID-19, CT-scan, Enlarged pulmonary vessels, medicine.disease, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, business
Abstract: Highlights • The first two patients identified in Italy with COVID-19 presented remarkable imaging findings who progressed in adult respiratory distress syndrome. • Uncommon elements such as pleural effusions, a tubular and enlarged appearance of pulmonary vessels with a sudden caliber reduction and mediastinal lymphadenopathy were noted during the follow-up. • The vessels appearance during the follow up, resembling a “feeding vessel sign”, could be an early alert radiological sign to predict initial lung deterioration., Introduction Several recent case reports have described common early chest imaging findings of lung pathology caused by 2019 novel Coronavirus (SARS-COV2) which appear to be similar to those seen previously in SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infected patients. Objective We present some remarkable imaging findings of the first two patients identified in Italy with COVID-19 infection travelling from Wuhan, China. The follow-up with chest X-Rays and CT scans was also included, showing a progressive adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Results Moderate to severe progression of the lung infiltrates, with increasing percentage of high-density infiltrates sustained by a bilateral and multi-segmental extension of lung opacities, were seen. During the follow-up, apart from pleural effusions, a tubular and enlarged appearance of pulmonary vessels with a sudden caliber reduction was seen, mainly found in the dichotomic tracts, where the center of a new insurgent pulmonary lesion was seen. It could be an early alert radiological sign to predict initial lung deterioration. Another uncommon element was the presence of mediastinal lymphadenopathy with short-axis oval nodes. Conclusions Although only two patients have been studied, these findings are consistent with the radiological pattern described in literature. Finally, the pulmonary vessels enlargement in areas where new lung infiltrates develop in the follow-up CT scan, could describe an early predictor radiological sign of lung impairment.
Published: 2020
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6. Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Monitoring in the Lazio Region (Central Italy)

Author: Adele Magliano, Oriano Fantasia, Pasquale Rombolà, Andrea Scriboni, Giuseppe Di Luzio, Luca Casagni, Silvia Gasbarra, Donatella Varrenti, Daniela Corpolongo, Claudio De Liberato, Arianna Ermenegildi, Vincenzo Puro, Federico Romiti, Roberto Giammattei, Amilcare Ruta, Simona Ursino, and Laura Brignola
Subjects: Vector-Borne Diseases, Surveillance, Prevention, AcademicSubjects/SCI01382, Veterinary medicine, Aedes albopictus, Oviposition, 030231 tropical medicine, rainfall, mosquito, Ovitrap, phenology, Invasive species, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Abundance (ecology), Aedes, Animals, Humans, AcademicSubjects/MED00860, ovitrap, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, General Veterinary, biology, Phenology, Temperature, Outbreak, Humidity, Vegetation, biology.organism_classification, Infectious Diseases, Italy, Insect Science, Parasitology, Seasons, Introduced Species, Nuisance
Abstract: The Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Skuse 1894) is assuming an ever-increasing importance as invasive species in Europe and consequently as human health and nuisance concern. In Central Italy, the species has been recently involved in a chikungunya outbreak. A 3 yr Ae. albopictus monitoring was carried out in 21 municipalities of the Lazio region (Central Italy), belonging to three provinces. Samplings were performed on a weekly basis using ovitraps, in order to investigate climatic and spatial variables driving egg abundance and Ae. albopictus period of activity. A temperature of 10.4°C was indicated as lower threshold for the onset of egg-laying activity, together with a photoperiod of 13:11 (L:D) h. The whole oviposition activity lasted 8 mo (May–December), with 95% of eggs laid between early June and mid-November and a peak at the end of August. Egg abundance was positively influenced by accumulated temperature (AT) of the 4 wk preceding sampling and negatively by precipitation during the week before. Egg-laying activity dropped with decreasing AT, increasing rainfall, and with a photoperiod below 10:14 (L:D) h. Our results pinpointed the importance of fine-scaled spatial features on egg abundance. Some of these fine-scaled characteristics have been highlighted, such as the presence of vegetation and human footprint index. Our model estimated an almost doubled maximum number of laid eggs for the maximum value of human footprint. Compelling evidence of the relevance of fine-scaled characteristics was reported, describing cases where human-made breeding sites driven the abundance of Ae. albopictus.
Published: 2020

7. Severe drug-induced liver injury (DILI) associated with benznidazole therapy for Chagas' disease

Author: Maria Letizia Giancola, Angela Corpolongo, Ubaldo Visco Comandini, Franca del Nonno, Marzia Montalbano, Ada Petrone, Stefania Carrara, Andrea Mariano, Alessia Beccacece, Gaetano Maffongelli, and Emanuele Nicastri
Subjects: Pharmacology, Microbiology (medical), Chagas Cardiomyopathy, Infectious Diseases, Nitroimidazoles, Trypanosoma cruzi, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Chagas Disease, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Trypanocidal Agents
Published: 2022

8. Infectious Toscana Virus in Seminal Fluid of Young Man Returning from Elba Island, Italy

Author: Giulia Matusali, Alessandra D’Abramo, Chiara Terrosi, Fabrizio Carletti, Francesca Colavita, Francesco Vairo, Gianni Gori Savellini, Claudia Gandolfo, Gabriele Anichini, Eleonora Lalle, Licia Bordi, Angela Corpolongo, Micaela Maritti, Luisa Marchioni, Maria Rosaria Capobianchi, Concetta Castilletti, Maria Grazia Cusi, and Emanuele Nicastri
Subjects: Toscana virus, Microbiology (medical), Adult, Male, Epidemiology, Italy, genital tropism, meningitis/encephalitis, seminal fluid, vector-borne infections, viral isolation, viral persistence, viruses, Fetus, Humans, Semen, Body Fluids, Communicable Diseases, Sandfly fever Naples virus, Infectious Diseases
Abstract: We report detecting infectious Toscana virus in the seminal fluid of a 25-year-old man from Italy returning from Elba Island. The presence of infectious virus in human semen adds Toscana virus to the long list of viruses detected in this genital fluid and indicates a potential for sexual transmission.
Published: 2022

9. Risk and predictive factors of prolonged viral RNA shedding in upper respiratory specimens in a large cohort of COVID-19 patients admitted in an Italian Reference Hospital

Author: Annalisa Mondi, Patrizia Lorenzini, Concetta Castilletti, Roberta Gagliardini, Eleonora Lalle, Angela Corpolongo, Maria Beatrice Valli, Fabrizio Taglietti, Stefania Cicalini, Laura Loiacono, Francesco Di Gennaro, Gianpiero D’Offizi, Fabrizio Palmieri, Emanuele Nicastri, Chiara Agrati, Nicola Petrosillo, Giuseppe Ippolito, Francesco Vaia, Enrico Girardi, Maria Rosaria Capobianchi, Andrea Antinori, Sara Zito, Maria Alessandra Abbonizio, Amina Abdeddaim, Elisabetta Agostini, Fabrizio Albarello, Gioia Amadei, Alessandra Amendola, Maria Assunta Antonica, Mario Antonini, Tommaso Ascoli Bartoli, Francesco Baldini, Raffaella Barbaro, Barbara Bartolini, Rita Bellagamba, Martina Benigni, Nazario Bevilacqua, Gianluigi Biava, Michele Bibas, Licia Bordi, Veronica Bordoni, Evangelo Boumis, Marta Branca, Rosanna Buonomo, Donatella Busso, Marta Camici, Paolo Campioni, Flaminia Canichella, Alessandro Capone, Cinzia Caporale, Emanuela Caraffa, Ilaria Caravella, Fabrizio Carletti, Adriana Cataldo, Stefano Cerilli, Carlotta Cerva, Roberta Chiappini, Pierangelo Chinello, Maria Assunta Cianfarani, Carmine Ciaralli, Claudia Cimaglia, Nicola Cinicola, Veronica Ciotti, Francesca Colavita, Massimo Cristofaro, Salvatore Curiale, Alessandra D’Abramo, Cristina Dantimi, Alessia De Angelis, Giada De Angelis, Maria Grazia De Palo, Federico De Zottis, Virginia Di Bari, Rachele Di Lorenzo, Federica Di Stefano, Davide Donno, Francesca Evangelista, Francesca Faraglia, Anna Farina, Federica Ferraro, Lorena Fiorentini, Andrea Frustaci, Matteo Fusetti, Vincenzo Galati, Paola Gallì, Gabriele Garotto, Ilaria Gaviano, Saba Gebremeskel Tekle, Maria Letizia Giancola, Filippo Giansante, Emanuela Giombini, Guido Granata, Maria Cristina Greci, Elisabetta Grilli, Susanna Grisetti, Gina Gualano, Fabio Iacomi, Marta Iaconi, Giuseppina Iannicelli, Carlo Inversi, Maria Elena Lamanna, Simone Lanini, Daniele Lapa, Luciana Lepore, Raffaella Libertone, Raffaella Lionetti, Giuseppina Liuzzi, Andrea Lucia, Franco Lufrani, Manuela Macchione, Gaetano Maffongelli, Alessandra Marani, Luisa Marchioni, Andrea Mariano, Maria Cristina Marini, Micaela Maritti, Annelisa Mastrobattista, Ilaria Mastrorosa, Giulia Matusali, Valentina Mazzotta, Paola Mencarini, Silvia Meschi, Francesco Messina, Sibiana Micarelli, Giulia Mogavero, Marzia Montalbano, Chiara Montaldo, Silvia Mosti, Silvia Murachelli, Maria Musso, Michela Nardi, Assunta Navarra, Martina Nocioni, Pasquale Noto, Roberto Noto, Alessandra Oliva, Ilaria Onnis, Sandrine Ottou, Claudia Palazzolo, Emanuele Pallini, Giulio Palombi, Carlo Pareo, Virgilio Passeri, Federico Pelliccioni, Giovanna Penna, Antonella Petrecchia, Ada Petrone, Elisa Pianura, Carmela Pinnetti, Maria Pisciotta, Pierluca Piselli, Silvia Pittalis, Agostina Pontarelli, Costanza Proietti, Vincenzo Puro, Paolo Migliorisi Ramazzini, Alessia Rianda, Gabriele Rinonapoli, Silvia Rosati, Dorotea Rubino, Martina Rueca, Alberto Ruggeri, Alessandra Sacchi, Alessandro Sampaolesi, Francesco Sanasi, Carmen Santagata, Alessandra Scarabello, Silvana Scarcia, Vincenzo Schininà, Paola Scognamiglio, Laura Scorzolini, Giulia Stazi, Giacomo Strano, Chiara Taibi, Giorgia Taloni, Tetaj Nardi, Roberto Tonnarini, Simone Topino, Martina Tozzi, Francesco Vairo, Alessandra Vergori, Laura Vincenzi, Ubaldo Visco-Comandini, Serena Vita, Pietro Vittozzi, Mauro Zaccarelli, Antonella Zanetti, Mondi, A., Lorenzini, P., Castilletti, C., Gagliardini, R., Lalle, E., Corpolongo, A., Valli, M. B., Taglietti, F., Cicalini, S., Loiacono, L., Di Gennaro, F., D'Offizi, G., Palmieri, F., Nicastri, E., Agrati, C., Petrosillo, N., Ippolito, G., Vaia, F., Girardi, E., Capobianchi, M. R., Antinori, A., Zito, S., Abbonizio, M. A., Abdeddaim, A., Agostini, E., Albarello, F., Amadei, G., Amendola, A., Antonica, M. A., Antonini, M., Bartoli, T. A., Baldini, F., Barbaro, R., Bartolini, B., Bellagamba, R., Benigni, M., Bevilacqua, N., Biava, G., Bibas, M., Bordi, L., Bordoni, V., Boumis, E., Branca, M., Buonomo, R., Busso, D., Camici, M., Campioni, P., Canichella, F., Capone, A., Caporale, C., Caraffa, E., Caravella, I., Carletti, F., Cataldo, A., Cerilli, S., Cerva, C., Chiappini, R., Chinello, P., Cianfarani, M. A., Ciaralli, C., Cimaglia, C., Cinicola, N., Ciotti, V., Colavita, F., Cristofaro, M., Curiale, S., D'Abramo, A., Dantimi, C., De Angelis, A., De Angelis, G., De Palo, M. G., De Zottis, F., Di Bari, V., Di Lorenzo, R., Di Stefano, F., Donno, D., Evangelista, F., Faraglia, F., Farina, A., Ferraro, F., Fiorentini, L., Frustaci, A., Fusetti, M., Galati, V., Galli, P., Garotto, G., Gaviano, I., Tekle, S. G., Giancola, M. L., Giansante, F., Giombini, E., Granata, G., Greci, M. C., Grilli, E., Grisetti, S., Gualano, G., Iacomi, F., Iaconi, M., Iannicelli, G., Inversi, C., Lamanna, M. E., Lanini, S., Lapa, D., Lepore, L., Libertone, R., Lionetti, R., Liuzzi, G., Lucia, A., Lufrani, F., Macchione, M., Maffongelli, G., Marani, A., Marchioni, L., Mariano, A., Marini, M. C., Maritti, M., Mastrobattista, A., Mastrorosa, I., Matusali, G., Mazzotta, V., Mencarini, P., Meschi, S., Messina, F., Micarelli, S., Mogavero, G., Montalbano, M., Montaldo, C., Mosti, S., Murachelli, S., Musso, M., Nardi, M., Navarra, A., Nocioni, M., Noto, P., Noto, R., Oliva, A., Onnis, I., Ottou, S., Palazzolo, C., Pallini, E., Palombi, G., Pareo, C., Passeri, V., Pelliccioni, F., Penna, G., Petrecchia, A., Petrone, A., Pianura, E., Pinnetti, C., Pisciotta, M., Piselli, P., Pittalis, S., Pontarelli, A., Proietti, C., Puro, V., Ramazzini, P. M., Rianda, A., Rinonapoli, G., Rosati, S., Rubino, D., Rueca, M., Ruggeri, A., Sacchi, A., Sampaolesi, A., Sanasi, F., Santagata, C., Scarabello, A., Scarcia, S., Schinina, V., Scognamiglio, P., Scorzolini, L., Stazi, G., Strano, G., Taibi, C., Taloni, G., Nardi, T., Tonnarini, R., Topino, S., Tozzi, M., Vairo, F., Vergori, A., Vincenzi, L., Visco-Comandini, U., Vita, S., Vittozzi, P., Zaccarelli, M., and Zanetti, A.
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Time Factors, medicine.medical_treatment, Respiratory System, coronavirus, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Severity of Illness Index, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, risk factors, 030212 general & internal medicine, Respiratory disease, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Virus Shedding, Infectious Diseases, symbols, RNA, Viral, Female, Coronavirus, COVID-19, viral clearance, viral shedding, Risk factors, SARS-CoV-2, Cohort study, Adult, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, viral shedding, Coronaviru, 030106 microbiology, Article, NO, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, Internal medicine, Severity of illness, medicine, Humans, Poisson regression, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Mechanical ventilation, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, COVID-19, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, Respiratory failure, Risk factor, business, viral clearance
Abstract: Background Few data about predictors and outcomes associated with prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding (VS) are available. Methods Retrospective study including all patients admitted with COVID-19 in an Italian reference hospital for infectious diseases between March 1 and July 1, 2020. Predictors of viral clearance (VC) and prolonged VS from upper respiratory tract were assessed by Poisson regression and logistic regression analyses. The causal relation between duration of VS and probability of clinical outcomes was evaluated through inverse probability weighted Cox model. Results 536 subjects were included. Median duration of VS from symptoms onset was 18 days (IQR 12-26). The estimated 30-day probability of VC was 70.2% (95%CI:65-75). At multivariable analysis, patients with comorbidities (aIRR = 0.88, p = 0.004), lymphopenia at hospital admission (aIRR = 0.75, p = 0.032) and with moderate/severe respiratory disease (aIRR = 0.42, p 1000 ng/mL at admission (aOR = 1.76, p = 0.035) independently predicted prolonged VS. The achievement of VC doubled the chance of clinical recovery (aHR = 2.17, p
Published: 2021

10. Acute Delta Hepatitis in Italy spanning three decades (1991-2019): Evidence for the effectiveness of the hepatitis B vaccination campaign

Author: Tommaso, Stroffolini, Filomena, Morisco, Luigina, Ferrigno, Giuseppina, Pontillo, Giuseppina, Iantosca, Valentina, Cossiga, Simonetta, Crateri, Maria Elena Tosti, Valeria, Alfonsi, Franca, D'Angelo, Zotti, Carla Maria, Rainero, Erika, Marengo, Noemi, Silvana, Malaspina, Angela, Gallone, Annalisa, Castella, Maria Teresa Galati, Annamaria, Scala, Paolo, Castagna, Virginia, Silano, Sebastiano, D'Agosta, Maria Grazia Tacca, Silvia, Iodice, Vilma, Corvi, Maurizio, Oddone, Daniela, Rivetti, Paola, Ravaschietto, Franco, Giovanetti, Teresa, Cappello, Alessandro, Smaniotto, Mario, Ruffier, Marina, Verardo, Maria, Gramegna, Sabrina, Senatore, Danilo, Cereda, Annalisa, Donadini, Carla, Nespoli, Livia, Trezzi, Giorgio, Gennati, Angelo, Monteverdi, Liana, Boldori, Franco Paolo Tortorella, Paola Elvira Merlini, Davide Di Caterina, Marino, Faccini, Anna, Lamberti, Eva, Rossetti, Rita, Brugnoli, Giulia, Mainardi, Alessandra, Vezzoli, Daniela, Caso, Milena, Testa, Alice, Erba, Paola, Senegaglia, Annamaria, Spagna, Silvia, Lodola, Marcello, Tirani, Enza, Giompapa, Luigi Guido Roveri, Gabriele, Guardigli, Vanna, Scalvinoni, Silvia, Spertini, Sabine, Gamper, Andrea, Grünfelder, Barbara, Ploner, Verena, Runggatscher, Silvia, Molinaro, Maria Grazia Zuccali, Silvia, Franchini, Francesca, Russo, Francesca, Zanella, Donatella, Rizzato, Graziella, Carpene, Nadia, Lamonato, Emanuela, Destefani, Alessandra Dal Zotto, Rita Dal Zotto, Paola, Casagrande, Felice, Foglia, Gemma, Zorzi, Ester, Chermaz, Liana, Gava, Luigi, Nicolardi, Lorena, Pavanetto, Cecilia, Battiston, Francesco De Grandi, Laura, Rizzato, Michele, Tonon, Elisabetta, Cannizzo, Maurizio, Foroni, Laura, Colucci, Monica, Barbieri, Rosanna, Ledri, Tolinda, Gallo, Giulio, Rocco, Rossana, Stacul, Ariella, Breda, Andrea, Iob, Simonetta, Micossi, Oriana, Feltrin, Giuseppina, Caernelos, Marco, Mela, Virna, Frumento, Anna, Opisso, Alessandro, Cuccu, Giorgio, Zoppi, Patrizia, Torracca, Armanda, Capellini, Francesco, Maddalo, Giovanna, Mattei, Claudio, Gualanduzzi, Erika, Massimiliani, Anna Rita Sacchi, Laura, Gardenghi, Anna Rosa Gianninoni, Elena Dalle Donne, Roberto, Rangoni, Annalisa, Califano, Chiara, Reali, Emilia, Biguzzi, Barbara, Bondi, Anna, Pecci, Bianca Maria Borrini, Lucia, Pecori, Emanuela, Balocchini, Costanza, Pierozzi, Rosa, Luzzoli, Paola, Marchini, Lara, Lucchesi, Alberto, Tomasi, Elisabetta, Raso, Nadia, Olimpi, Cristiana, Berti, Francesca, Matarazzo, Nicoletta, Galletti, Laura, Puppa, Marinella, Frasca, Alessandro, Barbieri, Chiara, Cinughi, Maria, Bandini, Iorio, Lezzi, Fabrizia, Verdelli, Renzo, Paradisi, Rita, Bindi, Cinzia Monica Sansone, Maria, Rosati, Federica, Zacchini, Simonetta, Baretti, Rossella, Cecconi, Chiara, Staderini, Poalo, Filidei, Elisabetta, Alfaroli, Franco, Barghini, Marina, Cadoni, Anna, Tosti, Giovannini, G, Giovanni, Piattellini, Alessandra, Buscosi, Anna, Pasquale, Carla, Ciani, Maria Claudia Paoloni, Franco, Santocchia, Maria Laura Proietti, Daniel, Fiacchini, Dzenana, Hazurovic, Maria Sole Giamprini, Katia, Gatti, Jacqueline Van Will, Alfredo, Vaccaro, Maria Margherita Sbarbati, Alessandra, Amelio, Daniela, Cimini, Vania, Moroni, Daniela, Francoletti, Federica, Scaccia, Elisabetta, Branchesi, Selena, Saracino, Catia, Mezzanotte, Susanna, Cimica, Vita, Vitale, Franca, Laici, Irene, Petrelli, Barbara, Airini, Gabriella, Passarini, Lucia, Ruffini, Anna Maria Lambertucci, Annarita, Mogetta, Francesca, Cioccoloni, Giuseppe, Ciarrocchi, Marina, Pistolesi, Erika, Fratello, Francesca, Picciotti, Claudio, Angelini, Paola, Scognamiglio, Francesco, Vairo, Andreina, Ercole, Antonio Salvatore Maglietta, Fabrizio, Magrelli, Fabrizio, Perrelli, Carlo, Cerocchi, Paolo, Grillo, Cristina, Vazzoler, Maria Rosaria Loffredo, Alessio, Pendenza, Maria Rosaria Nappi, Paola, Bueti, Luigi, Santucci, Franca, Mangiagli, Donatella, Varrenti, Silvia, Aquilani, Pietro, Dionette, Daniela, Corpolongo, Giuseppe Di Luzio, Manuela Di Giacomo, Enrico, Giansanti, Cristiana, Mancini, Claudio, Turchi, Carla, Granchelli, Graziella, Soldato, Felesina, D'Eugenio, Ida, Albanesi, Maria Antonietta Ferrara, Annarita, Citarella, Elena, Fossi, Rosa, Alfieri, Milena, Scotto, Anna Luisa Caiazzo, Rosa, Prato, Maria, Chironna, Domenico, Martinelli, Francesca, Fortunato, Maria Giovanna Cappelli, Daniela, Loconsole, Anna, Morea, Giulia Del Matto, Raffaele, Angelillis, Marcello, Antonazzo, Valerio, Aprile, Grazia Maria Avella, Roberta, Cambria, Giovanni, Caputi, Rosati, Cipriani, Carlo De Santis, Francesco, Desiante, Marisa, Ferraro, Vera, Laforgia, Antonino, Madaro, Maria Giuseppina Maluccio, Anna Maria Matera, Stefania, Menolascina, Giuseppina, Moffa, Maria, Nesta, Rita, Olivieri, Onofrio, Pagone, Pasquale, Pedote, Rosella, Squicciarini, Stefano, Termite, Viviana, Vitale, Francesco, Negrone, Manuela, Maldini, Giovanni, Laugello, Teresa, Russo, Anna Domenica Mignuoli, Giuseppe, Afflitto, Benedetto, Caroleo, Maria, Montesanti, Vincenzo De Giorgio, Antonio, Maradei, Rocco Cataldo Romeo, Francesca, Scrivano, Elisa, Lazzarino, Vittoria, Surace, Antonella, Giordano, Alessandro, Bisbano, Anita, Arcuri, Ida, Valentini, Rossana, Mangione, Valentina, Meli, Mario, Cuccia, Elena, Longhitano, Fiorenzo, Delogu, Donatella, Fracasso, Maria Vittoria Marceddu, Antonina, Puggioni, Maria Valentina Eugenua Marras, Rita, Serpi, Simonetta, Santus, Valentina, Marras, Stroffolini, Tommaso, Morisco, Filomena, Ferrigno, Luigina, Pontillo, Giuseppina, Iantosca, Giuseppina, Cossiga, Valentina, Crateri, Simonetta, and Tosti, Maria Elena
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, HBsAg, Hepatitis B virus, viruses, Population, hepatitis delta, medicine.disease_cause, Virology, Internal medicine, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, hepatitis B vaccination, education, Hepatitis, education.field_of_study, Hepatitis B Surface Antigens, Hepatology, business.industry, Immunization Programs, Incidence (epidemiology), virus diseases, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, medicine.disease, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis D, Vaccination, Infectious Diseases, surveillance, epidemiology, Female, Hepatitis Delta Virus, business, Viral hepatitis
Abstract: Updated incidence data of acute Delta virus hepatitis (HDV) are lacking worldwide. Our aim was to evaluate incidence of and risk factors for acute HDV in Italy after the introduction of the compulsory vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) in 1991. Data were obtained from the National Surveillance System of acute viral hepatitis (SEIEVA). Independent predictors of HDV were assessed by logistic-regression analysis. The incidence of acute HDV per 1-million population declined from 3.2 cases in 1987 to 0.04 in 2019, parallel to that of acute HBV per 100,000 from 10.0 to 0.39 cases during the same period. The median age of cases increased from 27 years in the decade 1991-1999 to 44 years in the decade 2010-2019 (p
Published: 2021

11. Pharmacokinetics of remdesivir and GS-441524 in two critically ill patients who recovered from COVID-19

Author: Tempestilli, Massimo, Caputi, Priscilla, Avataneo, Valeria, Notari, Stefania, Forini, Olindo, Scorzolini, Laura, Marchioni, Luisa, Ascoli Bartoli, Tommaso, Castilletti, Concetta, Lalle, Eleonora, Capobianchi, Maria R, Nicastri, Emanuele, D’Avolio, Antonio, Ippolito, Giuseppe, Agrati, Chiara, Abbonizio, Maria Alessandra, Albarello, Fabrizio, Amadei, Gioia, Amendola, Alessandra, Antinori, Andrea, Antonini, Mario, Barbaro, Raffaella, Bartolini, Barbara, Benigni, Martina, Bevilacqua, Nazario, Bordi, Licia, Bordoni, Veronica, Branca, Marta, Campioni, Paolo, Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria, Caporale, Cinzia, Caravella, Ilaria, Carletti, Fabrizio, Casetti, Rita, Chiappini, Roberta, Ciaralli, Carmine, Cimini, Eleonora, Colavita, Francesca, Corpolongo, Angela, Cristofaro, Massimo, Curiale, Salvatore, D’Abramo, Alessandra, Dantimi, Cristina, De Angelis, Alessia, De Angelis, Giada, Di Lorenzo, Rachele, Di Stefano, Federica, D’Offizi, Gianpiero, Ferraro, Federica, Fiorentini, Lorena, Frustaci, Andrea, Gallì, Paola, Garotto, Gabriele, Giancola, Maria Letizia, Giansante, Filippo, Giombini, Emanuela, Grassi, Germana, Greci, Maria Cristina, Lanini, Simone, Lapa, Daniele, Lepore, Luciana, Lucia, Andrea, Lufrani, Franco, Macchione, Manuela, Marani, Alessandra, Mariano, Andrea, Marini, Maria Cristina, Maritti, Micaela, Matusali, Giulia, Meschi, Silvia, Messina, Francesco, Montaldo, Chiara, Murachelli, Silvia, Noto, Roberto, Palazzolo, Claudia, Pallini, Emanuele, Palmieri, Fabrizio, Passeri, Virgilio, Pelliccioni, Federico, Petrecchia, Antonella, Petrone, Ada, Petrosillo, Nicola, Pianura, Elisa, Pisciotta, Maria, Pittalis, Silvia, Proietti, Costanza, Puro, Vincenzo, Rinonapoli, Gabriele, Rueca, Martina, Sacchi, Alessandra, Sanasi, Francesco, Santagata, Carmen, Scarcia, Silvana, Schininà, Vincenzo, Scognamiglio, Paola, Stazi, Giulia, Vaia, Francesco, Vairo, Francesco, and Valli, Maria Beatrice
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Drug, Male, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), COVID19, media_common.quotation_subject, Critical Illness, 030106 microbiology, Pneumonia, Viral, remdesivir, Loading dose, Gastroenterology, Antiviral Agents, NO, 03 medical and health sciences, Betacoronavirus, Adenosine Triphosphate, Pharmacokinetics, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Pandemics, media_common, EC50, Original Research, Aged, Pharmacology, Lung, Alanine, Nucleoside analogue, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Recovery of Function, Prodrug, Adenosine Monophosphate, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Infectious Diseases, Pharmacokinetics, COVID19, remdesivir, Female, business, Coronavirus Infections, medicine.drug
Abstract: Background Remdesivir is a prodrug of the nucleoside analogue GS-441524 and is under evaluation for treatment of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Objectives To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of remdesivir and GS-441524 in plasma, bronchoalveolar aspirate (BAS) and CSF in two critically ill COVID-19 patients. Methods Remdesivir was administered at 200 mg loading dose on the first day followed by 12 days of 100 mg in two critically ill patients. Blood samples were collected immediately after (C0) and at 1 (C1) and 24 h (C24) after intravenous administration on day 3 until day 9. BAS samples were collected on Days 4, 7 and 9 from both patients while one CSF on Day 7 was obtained in one patient. Remdesivir and GS-441524 concentrations were measured in these samples using a validated UHPLC-MS/MS method. Results We observed higher concentrations of remdesivir at C0 (6- to 7-fold higher than EC50 from in vitro studies) and a notable decay at C1. GS-441524 plasma concentrations reached a peak at C1 and persisted until the next administration. Higher concentrations of GS-441524 were observed in the patient with mild renal dysfunction. Mean BAS/plasma concentration ratios of GS-441524 were 2.3% and 6.4% in Patient 1 and Patient 2, respectively. The CSF concentration found in Patient 2 was 25.7% with respect to plasma. GS-441524 levels in lung and CNS suggest compartmental differences in drug exposure. Conclusions We report the first pharmacokinetic evaluation of remdesivir and GS-441524 in recovered COVID-19 patients. Further study of the pharmacokinetic profile of remdesivir, GS-441524 and the intracellular triphosphate form are required.
Published: 2020
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12. Five cases of Plasmodium vivax malaria treated with artemisinin derivatives: the advantages of a unified approach to treatment

Author: Emanuele Nicastri, Piero Ghirga, Andrea Mariano, Raffaella Pisapia, Maria Letizia Giancola, Paola Mencarini, Maria Grazia Paglia, Angela Corpolongo, Nazario Bevilacqua, Antonella Vulcano, and Alessandra Oliva
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Combination therapy, 030106 microbiology, Plasmodium vivax, Primaquine, 03 medical and health sciences, High morbidity, Antimalarials, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Chloroquine, Internal medicine, parasitic diseases, medicine, Malaria, Vivax, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Artemisinin, Chloroquine resistance, Imported malaria, biology, business.industry, General Medicine, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, Artemisinins, Infectious Diseases, Treatment Outcome, Italy, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Plasmodium vivax Malaria, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: In endemic countries with a high level of chloroquine resistance, Plasmodium vivax malaria is associated with high morbidity and mortality. In these areas, the dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine combination resulted in clinical response, a more rapid clearance of parasitaemia, compared to chloroquine therapies, and reduction of recrudescence or reinfection. We describe five cases of Plasmodium vivax malaria in returning travelers treated with dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine. All patients showed the early parasite clearance and no side effects. Our preliminary results suggest that the dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine combination is effective and safe even in imported cases. A unified treatment policy using the artemisinin combination therapy should be adopted even in non-endemic countries and larger studies are underway to support this strategy.
Published: 2018

13. Serological evaluation for Chagas disease in migrants from Latin American countries resident in Rome, Italy

Author: Maria Letizia Giancola, Claudia Cimaglia, Ernestina Repetto, Rita Bellagamba, Alessandra Oliva, Carla Nisii, Emanuele Nicastri, Stefania Pane, Nazario Bevilacqua, Stefania Carrara, Ahmad Al Rousan, Pierluca Piselli, Giuseppe Ippolito, Angela Corpolongo, and Piero Ghirga
Subjects: Chagas disease, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Trypanosoma cruzi, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Rome, Prevalence, Seroprevalence, Antibodies, Protozoan, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Migrants, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Serology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Mass screening, Immunoassay, Transients and Migrants, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, United States, Transplantation, Infectious Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Latin America, Italy, Population study, Female, business, Research Article
Abstract: Background Chagas disease (CD) is a systemic parasitic infection caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, whose chronic phase may lead to cardiac and intestinal disorders. Endemic in Latin America where it is transmitted mainly by vectors, large-scale migrations to other countries have turned CD into a global health problem because of its alternative transmission routes through blood transfusion, tissue transplantation, or congenital. Aim of this study was to compare the performance of two commercially available tests for serological diagnosis of CD in a group of Latin American migrants living in a non-endemic setting (Rome, Italy). The study was based on a cross-sectional analysis of seroprevalence in this group. Epidemiological risk factors associated to CD were also evaluated in this study population. Methods The present study was conducted on 368 subjects from the Latin American community resident in Rome. Following WHO guidelines, we employed a diagnostic strategy based on two tests to detect IgG antibodies against T. cruzi in the blood (a lysate antigen-based ELISA and a chemiluminescent microparticle CMIA composed of multiple recombinant antigens), followed by a third test (an immunochromatographic assay) on discordant samples. Results Our diagnostic approach produced 319/368 (86.7%) concordant negative and 30/368 (8.1%) concordant positive results after the first screening. Discrepancies were obtained for 19/368 (5.2%) samples that were tested using the third assay, obtaining 2 more positive and 17 negative results. The final count of positive samples was 32/368 (8.7% of the tested population). Increasing age, birth in Bolivia, and previous residence in a mud house were independent factors associated with T. cruzi positive serology. Conclusions Serological diagnosis of CD is still challenging, because of the lack of a reference standard serological assay for diagnosis. Our results reaffirm the importance of performing CD screening in non-endemic countries; employing a fully automated and highly sensitive CMIA assay first could be a cost- and resource-effective strategy for mass screening of low-risk patients. However, our results also suggest that the WHO strategy of using two different serological assays, combined with epidemiological information, remains the best approach for patients coming from endemic countries.
Published: 2018

14. Case report: Delayed diagnosis of congenital malaria by plasmodium vivax in a newborn of an Eritrean woman with varicella infection

Author: Saba Gebremeskel Tekle, Emanuele Nicastri, Marco Iannetta, Laura Scorzolini, Angela Corpolongo, Paola Marcozzi, Maria Letizia Giancola, Giuseppina Liuzzi, Elsa Buffone, and Alessandra D'Abramo
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Neonatal intensive care unit, Delayed Diagnosis, Anemia, Vomiting, 030231 tropical medicine, Plasmodium vivax, Vivax, Eritrea, Passive, Congenital malaria, Polymerase Chain Reaction, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Antimalarials, 0302 clinical medicine, Chickenpox, Female, Humans, Immunization, Passive, Infant, Newborn, Intensive Care, Neonatal, Malaria, Vivax, 030225 pediatrics, Virology, Intensive care, Neonatal, parasitic diseases, Medicine, biology, business.industry, Intensive Care, Infant, Plasmodium falciparum, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Newborn, Settore MED/17, Malaria, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, Artesunate, Parasitology, Immunization, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Congenital malaria (CM) is uncommon in both malaria-endemic and non-endemic countries. It may be caused by any Plasmodium spp., although Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax are the more frequent etiologic agents. We report a case of delayed diagnosis of CM by P. vivax in a newborn of an Eritrean primigravida. The mother developed pregnancy-related immunodepression and varicella-zoster viral infection 9 days before natural delivery; therefore, the child was admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to administer specific varicella-zoster immunoglobulin prophylaxis and for clinical monitoring. During the NICU stay, the newborn presented a febrile syndrome with vomiting, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. A P. vivax severe malaria diagnosis was made by detecting trophozoites in the thick and thin blood smears. The infant was successfully treated with intravenous artesunate and clindamycin. Our experience suggests that malaria diagnostic tests need to be included in routine blood analyses in newborns with febrile syndrome from mothers with an epidemiologic link to malaria-endemic areas.
Published: 2018

15. Severe Plasmodium ovale malaria complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome in a young Caucasian man

Author: Saba Gebremeskel Tekle, Laura Scorzolini, Alessandra Oliva, Angela Corpolongo, Marco Iannetta, Emanuele Nicastri, Maria Grazia Paglia, and Alessandra D'Abramo
Subjects: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, ARDS, Pediatrics, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, lcsh:RC955-962, 030231 tropical medicine, 030106 microbiology, Plasmodium ovale, Case Report, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Antimalarials, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Chloroquine, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Treatment Failure, Infectious disease (athletes), Chloroquine failure, Doxycycline, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, biology, business.industry, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Settore MED/17, Malaria, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, Artesunate, Tropical medicine, Radiography, Thoracic, Parasitology, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Background Although Plasmodium ovale is considered the cause of only mild malaria, a case of severe malaria due to P. ovale with acute respiratory distress syndrome is reported. Case presentation A 37-year old Caucasian man returning home from Angola was admitted for ovale malaria to the National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani in Rome, Italy. Two days after initiation of oral chloroquine treatment, an acute respiratory distress syndrome was diagnosed through chest X-ray and chest CT scan with intravenous contrast. Intravenous artesunate and oral doxycycline were started and he made a full recovery. Conclusion Ovale malaria is usually considered a tropical infectious disease associated with low morbidity and mortality. However, severe disease and death have occasionally been reported. In this case clinical failure of oral chloroquine treatment with clinical progression towards acute respiratory distress syndrome is described.
Published: 2018

16. Three cases of Zika virus imported in Italy: need for a clinical awareness and evidence-based knowledge

Author: Licia Bordi, Giuseppe Ippolito, Francesco Maria Fusco, Vincenzo Puro, Stefania Cicalini, Angela Corpolongo, Emanuele Nicastri, Concetta Castilletti, Antonino Di Caro, Maria Rosaria Capobianchi, Paola Scognamiglio, and Raffaella Pisapia
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Microcephaly, Evidence-based practice, 030231 tropical medicine, Case Report, Disease, Zika virus, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Medical microbiology, Pregnancy, medicine, ZikV Infection, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, 030212 general & internal medicine, Vector (molecular biology), Aged, Travel, Surveillance, biology, business.industry, Zika Virus Infection, Zika Virus, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, Emerging or re-emerging diseases, Infectious Diseases, Italy, Female, business, Imported viral diseases, Brazil
Abstract: Background Since early 2015, a large epidemic of Zika Virus (ZIKV) is spreading across South and Central America. An association between congenital neurological malformations (mainly microcephaly), other neurological manifestations such as Guillain-Barrè Syndrome, and ZIKV infection is suspected. Case presentation Three confirmed cases of ZIKV in travelers returning from Brazil between May 2015 and January 2016 are described. All patients had mild symptoms with no neurological complications. Conclusions An increasing awareness among clinicians about this emerging disease is advisable, both for the need to provide correct additional information to the patients and to travelers, with a special focus on pregnant women, and for the presence of the competent vector in Southern Europe. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1973-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2016

17. The diabetes-tuberculosis co-epidemic: the role of international migration

Author: Giuseppe Ippolito, E. Caraffa, Carmela Pinnetti, M. Sane Schepisi, Angela Corpolongo, Vincenzo Galati, Fabrizio Palmieri, Manuel Carballo, Mario Pasquale Parracino, Alessia Rianda, Enrico Girardi, and Gina Gualano
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Tuberculosis, Adolescent, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Dental Caries, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Foreign born, Bidirectional screening, Foreign-born, Diabetes mellitus, Epidemiology, HIV Seropositivity, DM-TB comorbidity, 80 and over, Diabetes Mellitus, Prevalence, Medicine, Humans, Mass Screening, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, Epidemics, Mass screening, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Incidence, Italy, Middle Aged, Emigration and Immigration, Infectious Diseases, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, business, Type 2
Abstract: SETTING A tuberculosis (TB) referral centre in Rome, Italy. OBJECTIVE To identify demographic and epidemiological characteristics associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) among patients with TB and to compare the clinical presentation of TB and TB-DM in the light of the growing worldwide burden of DM. DESIGN We performed a retrospective study of TB cases diagnosed from 2007 to 2012. RESULTS Among 971 TB patients, 723 were foreign-born and 63 (6.5%) had DM. DM prevalence was 12.7% (8/63) among those born in countries with DM prevalence ⩾8%, 4.7% (31/660) among patients from countries with DM prevalence
Published: 2016

18. Acute Hepatitis B After the Implementation of Universal Vaccination in Italy: Results From 22 Years of Surveillance (1993-2014)

Author: Tosti, Me, Alfonsi, V, Lacorte, E, Mele, A, Galli, C, Zanetti, Ar, Romanò, L, SEIEVA Collaborating Group including Ferrigno, L, Crateri, S, Iantosca, G, Badoni, G, D'Angelo, F, Sudano, L, Ruffier, M, Fischer, M, Augschiller, M, Gamper, S, Foppa, A, Lechthaler, T, Thaler, J, Steinmair, B, Grandi, C, Carraro, V, Franchini, S, Zotti, C, Lanzafame, P, Malaspina, S, Gallone, A, Castella, A, Valenza, G, Silano, V, Tacca, M, Iodice, S, Marchisio, A, Costantino, A, Giovanetti, F, Susani, F, Tagliacarne, C, Donadini, A, Nespoli, C, Trezzi, L, Gennati, G, Monteverdi, A, Boldori, L, De Grada, P, Gattinoni, A, Brugnoli, R, Belloni, A, Binotto, M, Pinciroli, G, Pesci, L, Senegaglia, P, Crippa, S, Altomonte, G, Lodola, S, Aquino, I, Castelli, N, Zecca, E, Nieri, M, Zecca, F, Pasquale, L, Piedacci, G, Giompapa, E, Zorzut, F, Rocco, G, Brianti, G, Gallo, T, Zuliani, M, Breda, A, Feltrin, O, Russo, F, Zanella, F, Mel, R, Soppelsa, M, Zolin, R, Todescato, A, Bacciolo, N, Rizzato, D, Pupo, A, Nicolardi, L, Flora, M, Boin, F, De Sisti, C, D'Ettore, G, Caracciolo, V, Penon, M, Bellè, M, Cafarra, L, Zivelonghi, G, Soffritti, S, Foroni, M, Finarelli, A, Borrini, B, Gualanduzzi, C, Capra, A, Sacchi, A, Mattei, G, Gardenghi, L, Gianninoni, A, Sancini, R, Dalle Donne, E, Rangoni, R, Cova, M, Bevilacqua, L, Fiumana, E, Bondi, B, Pecci, A, Mela, M, Briata, M, Michele, P, Turello, V, Opisso, A, Zoppi, G, Torracca, P, Ricci, M, Capellini, A, Pecori, L, Mazzotta, F, Balocchini, E, Ghiselli, G, Marchini, P, Di Vito, A, Wanderlingh, W, Raso, E, Mazzoli, F, Berti, C, Galletti, N, Grandi, E, Ferrentino, M, Marinari, M, Lombardi, A, Barbieri, A, Bagnoli, A, Bandini, M, Lezzi, I, Verdelli, F, Beltrano, A, Bindi, R, Sansone, C, Boncompagni, G, Zacchini, F, Baretti, S, Baroncini, O, Staderini, C, Filidei, P, Chiapparini, L, Barghini, F, Cadoni, M, Tagliavento, G, Fiacchini, D, Damiani, N, Pelliccioni, A, Liverani, A, Peccerillo, G, Vaccaro, A, Spadoni, M, Rossini, R, Pasqualini, F, Priori, A, Burattini, N, Cimica, S, Vitale, V, Laici, F, Migliozzi, F, Moretti, G, Ciarrocchi, G, Impullitti, S, Angelini, C, Tosti, A, Giaimo, M, Buscosi, A, Pasquale, A, Ciani, C, Santocchia, F, Proietti, M, Paoloni, Mc, Ercole, A, Russo, P, Cerocchi, C, Grillo, P, Loffredo, M, Labriola, V, Pendenza, A, Nappi, M, Bueti, P, Santucci, L, Mangiagli, F, Varrenti, D, Aquilani, S, Dionette, P, Corpolongo, D, Di Luzio, G, Di Giacomo, M, Graziani, M, Mancini, C, Turchi, C, Granchelli, C, Soldato, G, D'Eugenio, F, Albanesi, I, Ferrara, M, Citarella, A, Fossi, E, Parlato, A, Alfieri, R, Scotto, M, Caiazzo, Al, Chironna, M, Prato, R, Matera, R, Menolascina, S, Colamaria, R, Azzollini, N, Madaro, A, Scalzo, G, Ancona, A, Pedote, P, Moffa, G, Pagano, I, Angelillis, R, Ferraro, M, Aprile, V, Turco, Gl, Minerba, S, Caputi, G, Negrone, F, Maldini, M, Russo, T, Aloia, F, Giuffrida, S, Mangione, R, Consacra, R, Cuccia, M, Rinnone, S, Delogu, F, Fracasso, D, Saba, A, Puggioni, A, Frongia, O, Marras, M, Crasta, M, Mereu, G, Steri, G, and Santus, S
Subjects: Male, HBsAg, Pediatrics, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, breakthrough infections, HBV, hepatitis B vaccination, surveillance, vaccination failure, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis B virus, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Italy, Mass Vaccination, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Treatment Failure, Vaccination, Young Adult, Hepatitis B Vaccines, Microbiology (medical), Infectious Diseases, medicine.disease_cause, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Practice, Health Knowledge, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Viral hepatitis, medicine.medical_specialty, Hepatitis B vaccine, 03 medical and health sciences, Preschool, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, Newborn, Immunization, Attitudes, Immunology, business
Abstract: Background Hepatitis B vaccination has proven to be very safe and highly effective. This study assessed the proportion of successfully vaccinated individuals among cases with acute hepatitis B, the proportion of preventable cases if individuals were vaccinated as recommended, and the reasons for failures. Methods We analyzed data reported to the Italian Surveillance System for Acute Viral Hepatitis from 1993 to 2014. Results A total of 362 of 11 311 (3.2%) cases with acute hepatitis B were vaccinated. Of the 277 cases for whom immunization data were available, 50 (18%) received a complete vaccination course according to the correct schedule and before exposure to hepatitis B virus. Molecular characterization of 17 of these cases showed that 6 were infected with S-gene mutants. Among the 10 949 unvaccinated cases, 213 (1.9%) escaped mandatory vaccination and 2821 (25.8%) were not vaccinated despite being at increased risk of infection. Among the latter, the most common risk factors were cohabitation with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers, intravenous drug use, and homosexual/bisexual practices. Thirty-seven percent of the unvaccinated households with HBsAg carriers were aware of their risk. Lack of trust in the vaccination, negative attitude, and inaccurate beliefs followed by lack of or poor communication and low perceived severity of the disease were the most frequent reasons for vaccine hesitancy. Conclusions Development of acute disease in successfully vaccinated individuals is a rare event. Further efforts are needed to enhance the vaccine coverage rate in individuals at increased risk of infection.
Published: 2016

19. Persistence of Neuropsychologic Deficits Despite Long-Term Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Patients With HIV-Related Neurocognitive Impairment

Author: Andrea Antinori, Pasquale Narciso, Pietro Balestra, Simonetta Galgani, Maria Flora Salvatori, Chrysoula Vlassi, Angela Corpolongo, Marinella Giulianelli, Valerio Tozzi, Ubaldo Visco-Comandini, and Rita Bellagamba
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, AIDS Dementia Complex, Anti-HIV Agents, HIV Infections, Neuropsychological Tests, Drug Administration Schedule, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Risk Factors, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Epidemiology, Prevalence, Humans, Medicine, Dementia, Pharmacology (medical), Risk factor, Proportional Hazards Models, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, business, Neurocognitive
Abstract: Objective: Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can reverse HIV-related neurocognitive impairment (NCI), neuropsychologic (NP) deficits may persist in a substantial proportion of patients despite antiretroviral treatment. We assessed the prevalence and predictors of persistent NP deficits despite long-term HAART in patients with HIV-related NCI. Methods: A group of 94 patients with HIV-related NCI underwent 2 to 7 serial NP batteries, neurologic examination, and brain imaging studies. Patients received HAART for a mean of 63 (range: 6-127) months. According to NP assessment results, patients were considered to have reversible or persistent NP deficits. Kaplan-Meier analyses and Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze time to first evidence of NP deficit reversion. Results: Persistent NP deficits were observed in 59 (62.8%) patients. Age, gender, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention stage, risk category, CD4' cell count, plasma viral load, and use of central nervous system-penetrating drugs were not associated with persistent NP deficits. By contrast, patients with persistent NP deficits were less educated and showed poorer baseline performances in NP measures exploring concentration and speed of mental processing, memory, and mental flexibility. In multivariable analyses, only the baseline severity of NCI, as measured by the composite NPZ8 global score (odds ratio = 3.07, 95% confidence interval: 1.54 to 6.08; P = 0.001) remained significantly associated with persistent NP deficits. Conclusions: The severity of NCI at HAART initiation seems to be the strongest predictor of persistent NP deficits despite long-term HAART. Our data indicate that HAART should be initiated as soon as NCI is diagnosed to avoid potentially irreversible neurologic damage.
Published: 2007
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20. Virological characterization of patients treated early is able to control HIV-1 replication after multiple cycles of structured therapy interruption

Author: Isabella Abbate, Gianpiero D’Offizi, Pasquale Narciso, S. Calcaterra, Chrysoula Vlassi, Angela Corpolongo, F. Martini, Maria Rosaria Capobianchi, and Gabriella Rozera
Subjects: Adult, Anti-HIV Agents, HIV Infections, Viremia, Viral quasispecies, Virus Replication, Drug Administration Schedule, Virus, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Virology, Replication (statistics), medicine, Humans, Phylogeny, biology, virus diseases, Middle Aged, Viral Load, Provirus, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Infectious Diseases, Viral replication, DNA, Viral, Lentivirus, HIV-1, RNA, Viral, Viral load
Abstract: This study aimed to define clinical and virological parameters associated with spontaneous control of HIV replication in patients having initiated HAART during primary HIV infection, who underwent structured therapy interruption by two protocols with either fixed or HIV viremia-guided scheme. At the end of the protocol all patients were changed to viremia-guided scheme and observed for 12 months (follow-up). Patients maintaining HIV viremia below the indications for resumption of HAART during the follow-up, were defined controllers, those who had to resume HAART were defined non-controllers. The following parameters were examined: pre-interruption therapy duration, CD4+, HIV RNA, proviral DNA, evolution of viral quasispecies. No specific advantage was conferred by either interruption of structured therapy in the proportion of controllers and non-controllers. Pre-HAART and zenith CD4+, pre-therapy interruption, HAART duration, but not pre-HAART HIV RNA, were significantly higher in controllers as compared to non-controllers. HIV RNA levels after the first interruption cycle of therapy were significantly lower in controllers than in non-controllers. Proviral DNA levels were also lower in controllers at this time point. HIV RNA and proviral DNA levels associated with the last interruption of therapy cycle were not different from those associated with the first cycle, and, in spite of multiple waves of virus rebound, very few gag quasispecies variants emerged in each patient. The data suggest that pre-treatment clinical parameters and virological events associated with the first viral rebound are crucial factors in determining the ability to control viral replication after multiple cycles of interruption of treatment. J. Med. Virol. 79: 1047–1054, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Published: 2007
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21. The potential impact of routine testing of individuals with HIV indicator diseases in order to prevent late HIV diagnosis

Author: Scognamiglio, Paola, Chiaradia, Giacomina, De Carli, Gabriella, Giuliani, Massimo, Mastroianni, Claudio Maria, Aviani Barbacci, Stefano, Buonomini, Anna R., Grisetti, Susanna, Sampaolesi, Alessandro, Corpolongo, Angela, Orchi, Nicoletta, Puro, Vincenzo, Ippolito, Giuseppe, Girardi, Enrico, Girardi, E., Orchi, N., Angeletti, C., Balzano, R., Elia, P., Navarra, A., Nurra, G., Palummieri, A., Alba, L., Ammassari, A., Antinori, A., Baldini, F., Bellagamba, R., Bevilacqua, N., Boumis, E., Capobianchi, M. R., Cerilli, S., Chinello, P., Corpolongo, A., D'Arrigo, R., De Carli, G., Null, D'Offizig, Forbici, F., Fusco, F. M., Galati, V., Ghirga, P., Giancola, L., Gori, C., Grisetti, S., Lauria, F. N., Liuzzi, G., Marconi, P., Mariano, A., Narciso, P., Nicastri, E., Noto, P., Palmieri, A. F., Perno, C. F., Petrosillo, N., Pisapia, R., Pittalis, S., Puro, V., Sampaolesi, A., Scognamiglio, P., Sciarrone, M. R., Selleri, M., Sias, C., Topino, S., Tozzi, V., Vincenzi, L., Visco Comandini, U., Vlassi, C., Zaccarelli, M., Zaniratti, S., Vullo, Vincenzo, Falciano, Mario, Andreoni, M., Sarmati, L., Buonomini, A. R., Di Carlo, A., Giuliani, M., Brancatella, R., Maggi, T., Errico, F., De Filippis, A., Di Bacco, R., Schito, S., Gattari, P., Spizzichino, L., Francesconi, M., Pace, G., Gallo, I., Anzalone, E., Tacconi, L., Mercurio, V. S., Lichtner, Miriam, Natalini Raponi, G., Pitorri, A., Caterini, A., and Aviani Barbacci, S.
Subjects: Adult, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Delayed Diagnosis, Tuberculosis, Adolescent, HIV Infections, Disease, HIV testing, Indicator diseases, Late diagnosis, Sexually transmitted infections, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Diagnostic Tests, Routine, Female, Humans, Italy, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Young Adult, Infectious Diseases, Medical microbiology, Diagnostic Tests, 80 and over, Medicine, Routine, Young adult, business.industry, virus diseases, Seborrhoeic dermatitis, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, Settore MED/17, Surgery, Population study, business, Viral hepatitis, Research Article
Abstract: Background The aim of our work was to evaluate the potential impact of the European policy of testing for HIV all individuals presenting with an indicator disease, to prevent late diagnosis of HIV. We report on a retrospective analysis among individuals diagnosed with HIV to assess whether a history of certain diseases prior to HIV diagnosis was associated with the chance of presenting late for care, and to estimate the proportion of individuals presenting late who could have been diagnosed earlier if tested when the indicator disease was diagnosed. Methods We studied a large cohort of individuals newly diagnosed with HIV infection in 13 counselling and testing sites in the Lazio Region, Italy (01/01/2004-30/04/2009). Considered indicator diseases were: viral hepatitis infection (HBV/HCV), sexually transmitted infections, seborrhoeic dermatitis and tuberculosis. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate association of occurrence of at least one indicator disease with late HIV diagnosis. Results In our analysis, the prevalence of late HIV diagnosis was 51.3% (890/1735). Individuals reporting at least one indicator disease before HIV diagnosis (29% of the study population) had a lower risk of late diagnosis (OR = 0.7; 95%CI: 0.5-0.8) compared to those who did not report a previous indicator disease. 52/890 (5.8%) late presenters were probably already infected at the time the indicator disease was diagnosed, a median of 22.6 months before HIV diagnosis. Conclusions Our data suggest that testing for HIV following diagnosis of an indicator disease significantly decreases the probability of late HIV diagnosis. Moreover, for 5.5% of late HIV presenters, diagnosis could have been anticipated if they had been tested when an HIV indicator disease was diagnosed. However, this strategy for enhancing early HIV diagnosis needs to be complemented by client-centred interventions that aim to increase awareness in people who do not perceive themselves as being at risk for HIV.
Published: 2013
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22. Circulating microRNAs in Sera Correlate with Soluble Biomarkers of Immune Activation but Do Not Predict Mortality in ART Treated Individuals with HIV-1 Infection: A Case Control Study

Author: Murray, D. D., Suzuki, K., Law, M., Trebicka, J., Neuhaus, J., Wentworth, D., Johnson, M., Vjecha, M. J., Kelleher, A. D., Emery, S., Aagaard, B., Aragon, E., Arnaiz, J., Borup, L., Clotet, B., Dragsted, U., Fau, A., Gey, D., Grarup, J., Hengge, U., Herrero, P., Jansson, P., Jensen, B., Jensen, K., Juncher, H., Lopez, P., Lundgren, J. D., Matthews, C., Mollerup, D., Pearson, M., Phillips, A., Reilev, S., Tillmann, K., Varea, S., Angus, B., Babiker, A., Cordwell, B., Darbyshire, J., Dodds, W., Fleck, S., Horton, J., Hudson, F., Moraes, Y., Pacciarini, F., Palfreeman, A., Paton, N., Smith, N., Van Hooff, F., Bebchuk, J., Collins, G., Denning, E., Duchene, A., Fosdick, L., Harrison, M., Herman-Lamin, K., Krum, E., Larson, G., Neaton, J., Nelson, R., Quan, K., Quan, S., Schultz, T., Thompson, G., Wyman, N., Carey, C., Chan, F., Cooper, D., Courtney-Rodgers, D., Drummond, F., Harrod, M., Jacoby, S., Kearney, L., Lin, E., Pett, S., Robson, R., Seneviratne, N., Stewart, M., Watts, E., Finley, E., Gordin, F., Sanchez, A., Standridge, B., Belloso, W., Davey, R., Duprez, D., Gatell, J., Hoy, J., Lifson, A., Pederson, C., Perez, G., Price, R., Prineas, R., Rhame, F., Sampson, J., Worley, J., Modlin, J., Beral, V., Chaisson, R., Fleming, T., Hill, C., Kim, K., Murray, B., Pick, B., Seligmann, M., Weller, I., Cahill, K., Fox, L., Luzar, M., Martinez, A., Mcnay, L., Pierson, J., Tierney, J., Vogel, S., Costas, V., Eckstrand, J., Brown, S., Abusamra, L., Angel, E., Aquilia, S., Benetucci, J., Bittar, V., Bogdanowicz, E., Cahn, P., Casiro, A., Contarelli, J., Corral, J., Daciuk, L., David, D., Dobrzanski, W., Duran, A., Ebenrstejin, J., Ferrari, I., Fridman, D., Galache, V., Guaragna, G., Ivalo, S., Krolewiecki, A., Lanusse, I., Laplume, H., Lasala, M., Lattes, R., Lazovski, J., Lopardo, G., Losso, M., Lourtau, L., Lupo, S., Maranzana, A., Marson, C., Massera, L., Moscatello, G., Olivia, S., Otegui, I., Palacios, L., Parlante, A., Salomon, H., Sanchez, M., Somenzini, C., Suarez, C., Tocci, M., Toibaro, J., Zala, C., Agrawal, S., Ambrose, P., Anderson, C., Anderson, J., Baker, D., Beileiter, K., Blavius, K., Bloch, M., Boyle, M., Bradford, D., Britton, P., Brown, P., Busic, T., Cain, A., Carrall, L., Carson, S., Chenoweth, I., Chuah, J., Clark, F., Clemons, J., Clezy, K., Cortissos, P., Cunningham, N., Curry, M., Daly, L., D'Arcy-Evans, C., Del Rosario, R., Dinning, S., Dobson, P., Donohue, W., Doong, N., Downs, C., Edwards, E., Edwards, S., Egan, C., Ferguson, W., Finlayson, R., Forsdyke, C., Foy, L., Franic, T., Frater, A., French, M., Gleeson, D., Gold, J., Habel, P., Haig, K., Hardy, S., Holland, R., Hudson, J., Hutchison, R., Hyland, N., James, R., Johnston, C., Kelly, M., King, M., Kunkel, K., Lau, H., Leamy, J., Lester, D., Leung, J., Lohmeyer, A., Lowe, K., Macrae, K., Magness, C., Martinez, O., Maruszak, H., Medland, N., Miller, S., Murray, J., Negus, P., Newman, R., Ngieng, M., Nowlan, C., Oddy, J., Orford, N., Orth, D., Patching, J., Plummer, M., Price, S., Primrose, R., Prone, I., Ree, H., Remington, C., Richardson, R., Robinson, S., Rogers, G., Roney, J., Roth, N., Russell, D., Ryan, S., Sarangapany, J., Schmidt, T., Schneider, K., Shields, C., Silberberg, C., Shaw, D., Skett, J., Smith, D., Soo, T. M., Sowden, D., Street, A., Tee, B. K., Thomson, J., Topaz, S., Vale, R., Villella, C., Walker, A., Watson, A., Wendt, N., Williams, L., Youds, D., Aichelburg, A., Cichon, P., Gemeinhart, B., Rieger, A., Schmied, B., Touzeau-Romer, V., Vetter, N., Colebunders, R., Clumeck, N., Deroo, A., Kabeya, K., O'Doherty, E., De Wit, S., De Salles Amorim, C., Basso, C., Flint, S., Kallas, E., Levi, G., Lewi, D., Pereira, L., Da Silva, M., Souza, T., Toscano, A., Angel, J., Arsenault, M., Bast, M., Beckthold, B., Bouchard, P., Chabot, I., Clarke, R., Cohen, J., Cote, P., Ellis, M., Gagne, C., Gill, J., Houde, M., Johnston, B., Jubinville, N., Kato, C., Lamoureux, N., Latendre-Paquette, J., Lindemulder, A., Mcneil, A., Mcfarland, N., Montaner, J., Morrisseau, C., O'Neill, R., Page, G., Piche, A., Pongracz, B., Preziosi, H., Puri, L., Rachlis, A., Ralph, E., Raymond, I., Rouleau, D., Routy, J. P., Sandre, R., Seddon, T., Shafran, S., Sikora, C., Smaill, F., Stromberg, D., Trottier, S., Walmsley, S., Weiss, K., Williams, K., Zarowny, D., Baadegaard, B., Andersen, A. B., Boedker, K., Collins, P., Gerstoft, J., Jensen, L., Moller, H., Andersen, P. L., Loftheim, I., Mathiesen, L., Nielsen, H., Obel, N., Pedersen, C., Petersen, D., Jensen, L. P., Black, F. T., Aboulker, J. P., Aouba, A., Bensalem, M., Berthe, H., Blanc, C., Bornarel, D., Bouchaud, O., Boue, F., Bouvet, E., Brancon, C., Breaud, S., Brosseau, D., Brunet, A., Capitant, C., Ceppi, C., Chakvetadze, C., Cheneau, C., Chennebault, J. M., De Truchis, P., Delavalle, A. M., Delfraissy, J. F., Dellamonica, P., Dumont, C., Edeb, N., Fabre, G., Ferrando, S., Foltzer, A., Foubert, V., Gastaut, J. A., Gerbe, J., Girard, P. M., Goujard, C., Hoen, B., Honore, P., Hue, H., Hynh, T., Jung, C., Kahi, S., Katlama, C., Lang, J. M., Le Baut, V., Lefebvre, B., Leturque, N., Levy, Y., Loison, J., Maddi, G., Maignan, A., Majerholc, C., De Boever, C., Meynard, J. L., Michelet, C., Michon, C., Mole, M., Netzer, E., Pialoux, G., Poizot-Martin, I., Raffi, F., Ratajczak, M., Ravaux, I., Reynes, J., Salmon-Ceron, D., Sebire, M., Simon, A., Tegna, L., Tisne-Dessus, D., Tramoni, C., Viard, J. P., Vidal, M., Viet-Peaucelle, C., Weiss, L., Zeng, A., Zucman, D., Adam, A., Arasteh, K., Behrens, G., Bergmann, F., Bickel, M., Bittner, D., Bogner, J., Brockmeyer, N., Darrelmann, N., Deja, M., Doerler, M., Esser, S., Faetkenheuer, G., Fenske, S., Gajetzki, S., Goebel, F., Gorriahn, D., Harrer, E., Harrer, T., Hartl, H., Hartmann, M., Heesch, S., Jakob, W., Jager, H., Klinker, H., Kremer, G., Ludwig, C., Mantzsch, K., Mauss, S., Meurer, A., Niedermeier, A., Pittack, N., Plettenberg, A., Potthoff, A., Probst, M., Rittweger, M., Rockstroh, J., Ross, B., Rotty, J., Rund, E., Ruzicka, T., Schmidt, R., Schmutz, G., Schnaitmann, E., Schuster, D., Sehr, T., Spaeth, B., Staszewski, S., Stellbrink, H. J., Stephan, C., Stockey, T., Stoehr, A., Trein, A., Vaeth, T., Vogel, M., Wasmuth, J., Wengenroth, C., Winzer, R., Wolf, E., Mulcahy, F., Reidy, D., Cohen, Y., Drora, G., Eliezer, I., Godo, O., Kedem, E., Magen, E., Mamorsky, M., Pollack, S., Sthoeger, Z., Vered, H., Yust, I., Aiuti, F., Bechi, M., Bergamasco, A., Bertelli, D., Bruno, R., Butini, L., Cagliuso, M., Carosi, G., Casari, S., Chrysoula, V., Cologni, G., Conti, V., Costantini, A., Corpolongo, A., D'Offizi, G., Gaiottino, F., Di Pietro, M., Esposito, R., Filice, G., Francesco, M., Gianelli, E., Graziella, C., Magenta, L., Martellotta, F., Maserati, R., Mazzotta, F., Murdaca, G., Nardini, G., Nozza, S., Puppo, F., Pogliaghi, M., Ripamonti, D., Ronchetti, C., Rusconi, S., Rusconi, V., Sacchi, P., Silvia, N., Suter, F., Tambussi, G., Uglietti, A., Vechi, M., Vergani, B., Vichi, F., Vitiello, P., Iwamoto, A., Kikuchi, Y., Miyazaki, N., Mori, M., Nakamura, T., Odawara, T., Oka, S., Shirasaka, T., Tabata, M., Takano, M., Ueta, C., Watanabe, D., Yamamoto, Y., Erradey, I., Himmich, H., El Filali, K. M., Blok, W., Van Boxtel, R., Doevelaar, K. B. H., Van Eeden, A., Grijsen, M., Groot, M., Juttmann, J., Kuipers, M., Ligthart, S., Van Der Meulen, P., Lange, J., Langebeek, N., Reiss, P., Richter, C., Schoemaker, M., Schrijnders-Gudde, L., Septer-Bijleveld, E., Sprenger, H., Vermeulen, J., Ten Kate, R., Van De Ven, B., Bruun, J., Kvale, D., Maeland, A., Bakowska, E., Beniowski, M., Boron-Kaczmarska, A., Gasiorowski, J., Horban, A., Inglot, M., Knysz, B., Mularska, E., Parczewski, M., Pynka, M., Rymer, W., Szymczak, A., Aldir, M., Antunes, F., Baptista, C., Da Conceicao Vera, J., Doroana, M., Mansinho, K., Dos Santos, C. R. A., Valadas, E., Vaz Pinto, I., Chia, E., Foo, E., Karim, F., Lim, P. L., Panchalingam, A., Quek, A., Alcazar-Caballero, R., Arribas, J., Arrizabalaga, J., De Barron, X., Blanco, F., Bouza, E., Bravo, I., Calvo, S., Carbonero, L., Carpena, I., Castro, M., Cortes, L., Del Toro, M., Domingo, P., Elias, M., Espinosa, J., Estrada, V., Fernandez-Cruz, E., Fernandez, P., Freud, H., Fuster, M., Garcia, A., Garcia, G., Garrido, R., Gijon, P., Gonzalez-Garcia, J., Gil, I., Gonzalez, A., Gonzalez-Lahoz, J., Grosso, P. L., Gutierrez, M., Guzman, E., Iribarren, J., Jimenez, M., Jou, A., Juega, J., Lopez, J., Lozano, F., Martin-Carbonero, L., Mata, R., Mateo, G., Menasalvas, A., Mirelles, C., De Miguel Prieto, J., Montes, M., Moreno, A., Moreno, J., Moreno, V., Munoz, R., Ocampo, A., Ortega, E., Ortiz, L., Padilla, B., Parras, A., Paster, A., Pedreira, J., Pena, J., Perea, R., Portas, B., Puig, J., Pulido, F., Rebollar, M., De Rivera, J., Roca, V., Rodriguez-Arrondo, F., Rubio, R., Santos, J., Sanz, J., Sebastian, G., Segovia, M., Soriano, V., Tamargo, L., Viciana, P., Von Wichmann, M., Bratt, G., Hollander, A., Olov Pehrson, P., Petz, I., Sandstrom, E., Sonnerborg, A., Bernasconi, E., Gurtner, V., Ampunpong, U., Auchieng, C., Bowonwatanuwong, C., Chanchai, P., Chetchotisakd, P., Chuenyan, T., Duncombe, C., Horsakulthai, M., Kantipong, P., Laohajinda, K., Phanuphak, P., Pongsurachet, V., Pradapmook, S., Ruxruntham, K., Seekaew, S., Sonjai, A., Suwanagool, S., Techasathit, W., Ubolyam, S., Wankoon, J., Alexander, I., Dockrell, D., Easterbrook, P., Edwards, B., Evans, E., Fisher, M., Fox, R., Gazzard, B., Gilleran, G., Hand, J., Heald, L., Higgs, C., Jebakumar, S., Jendrulek, I., Johnson, S., Kinghorn, G., Kuldanek, K., Leen, C., Maw, R., Mckernan, S., Mclean, L., Morris, S., Murphy, M., O'Farrell, S., Ong, E., Peters, B., Stroud, C., Wansbrough-Jones, M., Weber, J., White, D., Williams, I., Wiselka, M., Yee, T., Adams, S., Allegra, D., Andrews, L., Aneja, B., Anstead, G., Arduino, R., Artz, R., Bailowitz, J., Banks, S., Baxter, J., Baum, J., Benator, D., Black, D., Boh, D., Bonam, T., Brito, M., Brockelman, J., Bruzzese, V., Burnside, A., Cafaro, V., Casey, K., Cason, L., Childress, G., Clark, C., Clifford, D., Climo, M., Cohn, D., Couey, P., Cuervo, H., Deeks, S., Dennis, M., Diaz-Linares, M., Dickerson, D., Diez, M., Di Puppo, J., Dodson, P., Dupre, D., Elion, R., Elliott, K., El-Sadr, W., Estes, M., Fabre, J., Farrough, M., Flamm, J., Follansbee, S., Foster, C., Frank, C., Franz, J., Frechette, G., Freidland, G., Frische, J., Fuentes, L., Funk, C., Geisler, C., Genther, K., Giles, M., Goetz, M., Gonzalez, M., Graeber, C., Graziano, F., Grice, D., Hahn, B., Hamilton, C., Hassler, S., Henson, A., Hopper, S., John, M., Johnson, L., Johnson, R., Jones, R., Kahn, J., Klimas, N., Kolber, M., Koletar, S., Labriola, A., Larsen, R., Lasseter, F., Lederman, M., Ling, T., Lusch, T., Macarthur, R., Machado, C., Makohon, L., Mandelke, J., Mannheimer, S., Markowitz, N., Martinez, M., Martinez, N., Mass, M., Masur, H., Mcgregor, D., Mcintyre, D., Mckee, J., Mcmullen, D., Mettinger, M., Middleton, S., Mieras, J., Mildvan, D., Miller, P., Miller, T., Mitchell, V., Mitsuyasu, R., Moanna, A., Mogridge, C., Moran, F., Murphy, R., Mushatt, D., Nahass, R., Nixon, D., O'Brien, S., Ojeda, J., Okhuysen, P., Olson, M., Osterberger, J., Owen, W., Pablovich, S., Patel, S., Pierone, G., Poblete, R., Potter, A., Preston, E., Rappoport, C., Regevik, N., Reyelt, M., Riney, L., Rodriguez-Barradas, M., Rodriguez, J., Roland, R., Rosmarin-DeStefano, C., Rossen, W., Rouff, J., Saag, M., Santiago, S., Sarria, J., Wirtz, S., Schmidt, U., Scott, C., Sheridan, A., Shin, A., Shrader, S., Simon, G., Slowinski, D., Smith, K., Spotkov, J., Sprague, C., States, D., Suh, C., Sullivan, J., Summers, K., Sweeton, B., Tan, V., Tanner, T., Tedaldi, E., Temesgen, Z., Thomas, D., Thompson, M., Tobin, C., Toro, N., Towner, W., Upton, K., Uy, J., Valenti, S., Van Der Horst, C., Vita, J., Voell, J., Walker, J., Walton, T., Wason, K., Watson, V., Wellons, A., Weise, J., White, M., Whitman, T., Williams, B., Williams, N., Windham, J., Witt, M., Workowski, K., Wortmann, G., Wright, T., Zelasky, C., Zwickl, B., Dietz, D., Chesson, C., Vjecha, M., Schmetter, B., Grue, L., Willoughby, M., Demers, A., Dragsted, U. B., Jensen, K. B., Jansson, P. O., Jensen, B. G., Benfield, T. L., Darbyshire, J. H., Babiker, G., Fleck, S. L., Collaco-Moraes, Y., Wyzydrag, L., Drummond, F. M., Connor, S. A., Satchell, C. S., Gunn, S., Delfino, M. A., Merlin, K., Mcginley, C., Neaton, J. D., Bartsch, G., George, M., Grund, B., Hogan, C., Miller, C., Roediger, M. P., Thackeray, L., Campbell, C., Lahart, C., Perlman, D., Rein, M., Dersimonian, R., Brody, B. A., Daar, E. S., Dubler, N. N., Fleming, T. R., Freeman, D. J., Kahn, J. P., Kim, K. M., Medoff, G., Modlin, J. F., Moellering, R., Murray, B. E., Robb, M. L., Scharfstein, D. O., Sugarman, J., Tsiatis, A., Tuazon, C., Zoloth, L., Klingman, K., Lehrman, S., Belloso, W. H., Losso, M. H., Benetucci, J. A., Bogdanowicz, E. P., Cahn, P. E., Casiro, A. D., Cassetti, I., Contarelli, J. M., Corral, J. A., Crinejo, A., David, D. O., Ishida, M. T., Laplume, H. E., Lasala, M. B., Lupo, S. H., Masciottra, F., Michaan, M., Ruggieri, L., Salazar, E., Hoy, J. F., Rogers, G. D., Allworth, A. M., Anderson, J. S. C., Armishaw, J., Barnes, K., Carr, A., Chiam, A., Chuah, J. C. P., Curry, M. C., Dever, R. L., Donohue, W. A., Doong, N. C., Dwyer, D. E., Dyer, J., Eu, B., Ferguson, V. W., French, M. A. H., Garsia, R. J., Hudson, J. H., Jeganathan, S., Konecny, P., Mccormack, C. L., Mcmurchie, M., Moore, R. J., Moussa, M. B., Piper, M., Read, T., Roney, J. J., Shaw, D. R., Silvers, J., Smith, D. J., Street, A. C., Vale, R. J., Wendt, N. A., Wood, H., Youds, D. W., Zillman, J., Tozeau, V., Dewit, S., De Roo, A., Leonard, P., Lynen, L., Moutschen, M., Pereira, L. C., Souza, T. N. L., Schechter, M., Zajdenverg, R., Almeida, M. M. T. B., Araujo, F., Bahia, F., Brites, C., Caseiro, M. M., Casseb, J., Etzel, A., Falco, G. G., Filho, E. C. J., Flint, S. R., Gonzales, R., Madruga, J. V. R., Passos, L. N., Reuter, T., Sidi, L. C., Toscano, A. L. C., Cherban, E., Conway, B., Dufour, C., Foster, A., Haase, D., Haldane, H., Klein, M., Lessard, B., Martel, A., Martel, C., Paradis, E., Schlech, W., Schmidt, S., Thompson, B., Vezina, S., Reyes, M. J. W., Northland, R., Ostergaard, L., Hergens, L., Loftheim, I. R., Raukas, M., Zilmer, K., Justinen, J., Ristola, M., Landman, R., Abel, S., Abgrall, S., Amat, K., Auperin, L., Barruet, R., Benalycherif, A., Benammar, N., Bentata, M., Besnier, J. M., Blanc, M., Cabie, A., Chavannet, P., Dargere, S., De La Tribonniere, X., Debord, T., Decaux, N., Delgado, J., Dupon, M., Durant, J., Frixon-Marin, V., Genet, C., Gerard, L., Gilquin, J., Jeantils, V., Kouadio, H., Leclercq, P., Lelievre, J. D., Michon, C. P., Nau, P., Pacanowski, J., Piketty, C., Salmon, D., Schmit, J. L., Serini, M. A., Tassi, S., Touam, F., Verdon, R., Weinbreck, P., Yazdanpanah, Y., Yeni, P., Fatkenheuer, G., Bitsch, S., Bogner, J. R., Goebel, F. D., Lehmann, C., Lennemann, T., Wasmuth, J. C., Wiedemeyer, K., Hatzakis, A., Touloumi, G., Antoniadou, A., Daikos, G. L., Dimitrakaki, A., Gargalianos-Kakolyris, P., Giannaris, M., Karafoulidou, A., Katsambas, A., Katsarou, O., Kontos, A. N., Kordossis, T., Lazanas, M. K., Panagopoulos, P., Panos, G., Paparizos, V., Papastamopoulos, V., Petrikkos, G., Sambatakou, H., Skoutelis, A., Tsogas, N., Xylomenos, G., Bergin, C. J., Mooka, B., Mamorksy, M. G., Agmon-Levin, N., Karplus, R., Maayan, S., Shahar, E., Turner, D., Abeli, C., Biglino, A., Bonora, S., De Gioanni, M., Di Perri, G., Montroni, M., Quirino, T., Raise, E., Honda, M., Ishisaka, M., Caplinskas, S., Uzdaviniene, V., Schmit, J. C., Staub, T., Mills, G. D., Blackmore, T., Masters, J. A., Morgan, J., Pithie, A., Brunn, J., Ormassen, V., La Rosa, A., Guerra, O., Espichan, M., Gutierrez, L., Mendo, F., Salazar, R., Knytz, B., Kwiatkowski, J., Castro, R. S., Horta, A., Miranda, A. C., Pinto, I. V., Vera, J., Rakhmanova, A., Vinogradova, E., Yakovlev, A., Zakharova, N., Wood, R., Orrel, C., Arnaiz, J. A., Carrillo, R., Dalmau, D., Jordano, Q., Knobel, H., Larrousse, M., Moreno, J. S., Oretaga, E., Pena, J. N., Hirschel, B., Spycher, R., Battegay, M., Bottone, S., Cavassini, M., Christen, A., Furrer, H. J., Gayet-Ageron, A., Genne, D., Hochstrasser, S., Moens, C., Muller, N., Nuesch, R., Ruxrungtham, K., Pumpradit, W., Dangthongdee, S., Kiertiburanakul, S., Klinbuayaem, V., Mootsikapun, P., Nonenoy, S., Piyavong, B., Prasithsirikul, W., Raksakulkarn, P., Gazzard, B. G., Ainsworth, J. G., Angus, B. J., Barber, T. J., Brook, M. G., Care, C. D., Chadwick, D. R., Chikohora, M., Churchill, D. R., Cornforth, D., Dockrell, D. H., Easterbrook, P. J., Fox, P. A., Gomez, P. A., Gompels, M. M., Harris, G. M., Herman, S., Jackson, A. G. A., Jebakumar, S. P. R., Kinghorn, G. R., Kuldanek, K. A., Larbalestier, N., Lumsden, M., Maher, T., Mantell, J., Muromba, L., Orkin, C. M., Peters, S., Peto, T. E. A., Portsmouth, S. D., Rajamanoharan, S., Ronan, Schwenk, A., Slinn, M. A., Stroud, C. J., Thomas, R. C., Wansbrough-Jones, M. H., Whiles, H. J., White, D. J., Williams, E., Williams, G., Youle, M., Abrams, D. I., Acosta, E. A., Adamski, A., Antoniskis, D., Aragon, D. R., Barnett, B. J., Baroni, C., Barron, M., Baxter, J. D., Beers, D., Beilke, M., Bemenderfer, Bernard, A., Besch, C. L., Bessesen, M. T., Bethel, J. T., Blue, S., Blum, J. D., Boarden, S., Bolan, R. K., Borgman, J. B., Brar, I., Braxton, B. K., Bredeek, U. F., Brennan, R., Britt, D. E., Bulgin-Coleman, D., Bullock, E., Campbell, B., Caras, S., Carroll, J., Casey, K. K., Chiang, F., Cindrich, R. B., Cohen, C., Coley, J., Condoluci, D. V., Contreras, R., Corser, J., Cozzolino, J., Crane, L. R., Daley, L., Dandridge, D., D'Antuono, V., Darcourt Rizo Patron, J. G., Dehovitz, J. A., Dejesus, E., Desjardin, J., Dietrich, C., Dolce, A., Erickson, D., Faber, L. L., Falbo, J., Farrough, M. J., Farthing, C. F., Ferrell-Gonzalez, P., Flynn, H., Frank, M., Freeman, K. F., French, N., Friedland, G., Fujita, N., Gahagan, L., Gilson, I., Goetz, M. B., Goodwin, E., Guity, C. K., Gulick, P., Gunderson, E. R., Hale, C. M., Hannah, K., Henderson, H., Hennessey, K., Henry, W. K., Higgins, T., Hodder, S. L., Horowitz, H. W., Howe-Pittman, M., Hubbard, J., Hudson, R., Hunter, H., Hutelmyer, C., Insignares, M. T., Jackson, L., Jenny, L., Johnson, D. L., Johnson, G., Johnson, J., Kaatz, J., Kaczmarski, J., Kagan, S., Kantor, C., Kempner, T., Kieckhaus, K., Kimmel, N., Klaus, B. M., Koeppe, J. R., Koirala, J., Kopka, J., Kostman, J. R., Kozal, M. J., Kumar, A., Lampiris, H., Lamprecht, C., Lattanzi, K. M., Lee, J., Leggett, J., Long, C., Loquere, A., Loveless, K., Lucasti, C. J., Luskin-Hawk, R., Macveigh, M., Makohon, L. H., Markowitz, N. P., Marks, C., Martorell, C., Mcfeaters, E., Mcgee, B., Mcintyre, D. M., Mcmanus, E., Melecio, L. G., Melton, D., Mercado, S., Merrifield, E., Mieras, J. A., Mogyoros, M., Moran, F. M., Murphy, K., Mutic, S., Nadeem, I., Nadler, J. P., Ognjan, A., O'Hearn, M., O'Keefe, K., Okhuysen, P. C., Oldfield, E., Olson, D., Orenstein, R., Ortiz, R., Parpart, F., Pastore-Lange, V., Paul, S., Pavlatos, A., Pearce, D. D., Pelz, R., Peterson, S., Pitrak, D., Powers, S. L., Pujet, H. C., Raaum, J. W., Ravishankar, J., Reeder, J., Reilly, N. A., Reyelt, C., Riddell, J., Rimland, D., Robinson, M. L., Rodriguez, A. E., Rodriguez Derouen, V., Rosmarin, C., Rossen, W. L., Rouff, J. R., Sands, M., Savini, C., Schrader, S., Schulte, M. M., Scott, R., Seedhom, H., Sension, M., Sheblehall, A., Shuter, J., Slater, L. N., Slotten, R., Smith, M., Snap, S., States, D. M., Stringer, G., Summers, K. K., Swanson, K., Sweeton, I. B., Szabo, S., Tedaldi, E. M., Telzak, E. E., Thompson, M. A., Thompson, S., Bong, C. T. H., Vaccaro, A., Vasco, L. M., Vecino, I., Verlinghieri, G. K., Visnegarwala, F., Wade, H., Weis, S. E., Weise, J. A., Weissman, S., Wilkin, M., Witter, J. H., Wojtusic, L., Wright, T. J., Yeh, V., Young, B., Zeana, C., Zeh, J., Savio, E., Vacarezza, M., and Pacheco, Antonio Guilherme
Subjects: Adult, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Male, General Science & Technology, Anti-HIV Agents, T cell, lcsh:Medicine, Antiretroviral Therapy, HIV Infections, Biology, Essential hypertension, Logistic regression, Malignancy, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Clinical Research, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, microRNA, medicine, Genetics, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Humans, Highly Active, Aetiology, lcsh:Science, Genetic Association Studies, Multidisciplinary, lcsh:R, Case-control study, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Circulating MicroRNA, MicroRNAs, medicine.anatomical_structure, Infectious Diseases, Good Health and Well Being, INSIGHT ESPRIT and SMART Study Groups, Immunology, HIV-1, HIV/AIDS, lcsh:Q, Female, Infection, Biomarkers, Biotechnology, Research Article
Abstract: Introduction The use of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically reduced HIV-1 associated morbidity and mortality. However, HIV-1 infected individuals have increased rates of morbidity and mortality compared to the non-HIV-1 infected population and this appears to be related to end-organ diseases collectively referred to as Serious Non-AIDS Events (SNAEs). Circulating miRNAs are reported as promising biomarkers for a number of human disease conditions including those that constitute SNAEs. Our study sought to investigate the potential of selected miRNAs in predicting mortality in HIV-1 infected ART treated individuals. Materials and Methods A set of miRNAs was chosen based on published associations with human disease conditions that constitute SNAEs. This case: control study compared 126 cases (individuals who died whilst on therapy), and 247 matched controls (individuals who remained alive). Cases and controls were ART treated participants of two pivotal HIV-1 trials. The relative abundance of each miRNA in serum was measured, by RTqPCR. Associations with mortality (all-cause, cardiovascular and malignancy) were assessed by logistic regression analysis. Correlations between miRNAs and CD4+ T cell count, hs-CRP, IL-6 and D-dimer were also assessed. Results None of the selected miRNAs was associated with all-cause, cardiovascular or malignancy mortality. The levels of three miRNAs (miRs -21, -122 and -200a) correlated with IL-6 while miR-21 also correlated with D-dimer. Additionally, the abundance of miRs -31, -150 and -223, correlated with baseline CD4+ T cell count while the same three miRNAs plus miR-145 correlated with nadir CD4+ T cell count. Discussion No associations with mortality were found with any circulating miRNA studied. These results cast doubt onto the effectiveness of circulating miRNA as early predictors of mortality or the major underlying diseases that contribute to mortality in participants treated for HIV-1 infection.
Published: 2015

23. Neuroactive Antiretroviral Drugs Do Not Influence Neurocognitive Performance in Less Advanced HIV-Infected Patients Responding to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Author: Rita Bellagamba, Maria Letizia Giancola, Dora Larussa, Andrea Antinori, Pasquale Narciso, Valerio Tozzi, Angela Corpolongo, Francesco Baldini, Pietro Balestra, and Patrizia Lorenzini
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, AIDS Dementia Complex, Anti-HIV Agents, HIV Infections, Neuropsychological Tests, Cognition, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Immunopathology, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Sida, biology, business.industry, Age Factors, Middle Aged, Viral Load, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Antiretroviral therapy, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Regimen, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Lentivirus, Female, Viral disease, business, Neurocognitive
Abstract: To analyze the effect of antiretroviral therapy, including drugs that have good penetration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), on neuropsychologic performance.One hundred sixty-five HIV-1-infected patients exposed to a stable highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen were studied. Neuropsychologic examinations were performed for all patients.A total of 50.3% of patients were impaired. In multivariate analysis, older age (for 10-year increase, odds ratio [OR] = 4.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.2 to 10.4; P0.0001) and higher plasma HIV-1 RNA levels (OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.1 to 3.2; P = 0.021) at testing were independently associated with an increased probability of impaired neurocognitive performance, whereas higher educational level was a protective factor (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.65 to 0.90; P=0.001). A significant linear correlation was observed between the neuropsychologic z score for 8 tests (NPZ8) score, a quantitative parameter of neurocognitive impairment, and CD4 cell count at neuropsychologic testing (R = 0.273, P = 0.001) and between the NPZ8 score and the patient's age (R = 0.288, P = 0.001).Our study indicates that the use of stable HAART, including multiple drugs that have good CSF penetration, was not associated with neuropsychologic performance. To prevent independent replication of HIV in CSF with better control of a relevant reservoir of HIV is one of the crucial aims of therapeutic strategy.
Published: 2006
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24. Polyfunctional specific response to Echinococcus Granulosus associates to the biological activity of the cysts

Author: Vincenzo Schininà, Linda Petrone, Antonella Teggi, Angela Corpolongo, Edoardo Pozio, Elisa Petruccioli, Delia Goletti, Giuseppe Ippolito, Giuseppe Maria Ettorre, Elisa Busi Rizzi, Alessandra Ludovisi, and Valentina Vanini
Subjects: Adult, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Male, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, lcsh:RC955-962, 030231 tropical medicine, Biology, Flow cytometry, 03 medical and health sciences, Disease susceptibility, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Echinococcosis, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, Prospective Studies, Echinococcus granulosus, 030304 developmental biology, Aged, 0303 health sciences, medicine.diagnostic_test, Cystic echinococcosis, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Biological activity, lcsh:RA1-1270, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Flow Cytometry, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Echinococcus, Immunology, Cytokines, Female, Research Article
Abstract: Background Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a complex disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus (E.granulosus), and its immunophatogenesis is still not clearly defined. A peculiar feature of chronic CE is the coexistence of Th1 and Th2 responses. It has been suggested that Th1 cytokines are related to disease resistance, whereas Th2 cytokines are related to disease susceptibility and chronicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate, by multi-parametric flow cytometry (FACS), the presence of CE specific immune signatures. Methodology/Principal Findings We enrolled 54 subjects with suspected CE; 42 of them had a confirmed diagnosis, whereas 12 were classified as NO-CE. Based on the ultrasonography images, CE patients were further categorized as being in "active stages" (25) and "inactive stages" (17). The ability of CD4+ T-cells to produce IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, Th2 cytokines or IL-10 was assessed by FACS on antigen-specific T-cells after overnight stimulation with Antigen B (AgB) of E.granulosus. Cytokine profiles were evaluated in all the enrolled subjects. The results show that none of the NO-CE subjects had a detectable AgB-specific response. Among the CE patients, the frequency and proportions of AgB-specific CD4+ T-cells producing IL-2+TNF-α+Th2+ or TNF-α+Th2+ were significantly increased in the “active stages” group compared to the “inactive stages” group. Moreover, an increased proportion of the total polyfunctional subsets, as triple-and double-functional CD4 T-cells, was found in CE patients with active disease. The response to the mitogen, used as a control stimulus to evaluate the immune competence status, was characterized by the same cytokine subsets in all the subjects enrolled, independent of CE. Conclusions We demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, that polyfunctional T-cell subsets as IL-2+TNF-α+Th2+ triple-positive and TNF-α+Th2+ double-positive specific T-cells associate with cyst biological activity. These results contribute to increase knowledge of CE immunophatogenesis and the disease outcome in terms of control and persistence., Author Summary Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a widespread zoonosis caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus (E.granulosus). CE is a complex disease, and several aspects of its immunophatogenesis are still not clearly defined. An important question is how the parasite influences the quality of the host’s immune response. A peculiar feature of chronic CE is the coexistence of Th1 and Th2 responses, and Th1 cytokines are related to disease resistance, whereas Th2 cytokines are related to disease susceptibility and chronicity. In the last few years, polyfunctional T-cells have been intensively studied in viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases to better understand if they represent a marker of protective immunity or disease activity. In the present study it is shown that the polyfunctional T-cell subsets producing Th2 cytokines associate with the active stages of CE. These results suggest that the cells characterized by a superior functional capacity are linked to an increased biological cyst activity rather than to a protective role. These results may contribute to increase the knowledge of CE immunophatogenesis and the disease outcome in terms of control or persistence.
Published: 2015

25. Letter to the Editor: CD8 T Cell Response to Nef Peptides and HIV Type 1 Control in Early-Treated Patients after Antiretroviral Treatment Interruption

Author: Pasquale Narcisco, Angela Corpolongo, Cristiana Gioia, Gianpiero D'Offizi, Fabrizio Poccia, and Federico Martini
Subjects: Cellular immunity, Immunology, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Biology, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease_cause, Virology, Virus, Infectious Diseases, Lentivirus, Antiretroviral treatment, medicine, Cytotoxic T cell
Published: 2006
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26. An imported case of acute pulmonary coccidioidomycosis in an Italian traveller

Author: Chiara Tommasi, Rita Bellagamba, Stefania Pane, A. Antinori, Angela Corpolongo, Piero Ghirga, Alessandra Oliva, Maria Letizia Giancola, Paola Mencarini, and Emanuele Nicastri
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Immunodiffusion, Antifungal Agents, Mediastinal lymphadenopathy, Administration, Oral, Serology, Diagnosis, Differential, Pharmacotherapy, Acute pulmonary coccidioidomycosis, medicine, Travel medicine, Humans, Intensive care medicine, Fluconazole, Travel, Coccidioidomycosis, Coccidioides, Lung Diseases, Fungal, business.industry, Outbreak, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Pneumonia, Infectious Diseases, Treatment Outcome, Italy, Administration, Intravenous, business, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, medicine.drug
Abstract: Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection caused by the Coccidioides species, which is endemic in the deserts of the southwestern region of the United States, northern Mexico, and in some areas of Central and South America. We describe a case of pulmonary coccidioidomycosis in a 49-year-old Italian man who came to our hospital with fever and joint and muscle pain 10 days after his return to Italy from Venezuela. Computer Tomography revealed multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules with mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Pulmonary coccidioidomycosis was diagnosed by a serological test, and fluconazole was immediately started. The patient improved within 2 weeks, with complete clinical recovery after 6 months of therapy. This case appears to be part of a large serologically unconfirmed outbreak. In order to provide early diagnosis and treatment, healthcare providers should be aware of coccidioidomycosis, even in travellers returning home from short trips to endemic areas.
Published: 2014

27. Molecular characterization of hepatitis A outbreak in the province of Rome, Lazio region, Italy, January-July 2013

Author: Maria R, Capobianchi, Anna Rosa, Garbuglia, Chiara, Agrati, Alessia, Rianda, Pasquale, Noto, Angela, Corpolongo, Maria Adriana, Cataldo, Silvia, Rosati, Paola, Zaccaro, Mariarosaria, Loffredo, Maria Grazia, Pompa, Enrico, Girardi, Paola, Scognamiglio, Giuseppe, Ippolito, and Laura, Vincenzi
Subjects: Adult, Male, Genotype, Immunology, Molecular Sequence Data, Sequence Homology, Biology, Microbiology, Disease Outbreaks, Monophyly, medicine, Cluster Analysis, Humans, Phylogeny, Molecular Epidemiology, Outbreak, Hepatitis A, Sequence Analysis, DNA, medicine.disease, Virology, Hepatitis a virus, Northern italy, Infectious Diseases, Lazio region, Italy, RNA, Viral, Vaccine-preventable diseases, Female, Hepatitis A virus
Abstract: Reduced circulation of hepatitis A virus lead to an increase of susceptible individuals, and outbreaks occurred recently. In Northern Italy an outbreak is ongoing, attributed to a monophyletic genotype IA strain, with mixed frozen berries as probable source. From 01/01/2013 to 07/15/2013, 30 cases were diagnosed at National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Rome, Italy, representing about twice the number of cases in whole 2012. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that most, although not all, infections were attributable to the same monophyletic genotype IA strain identified in the contemporary Northern Italy outbreak. This strain is also very similar to previous isolates from Venezuela.
Published: 2013

28. Haemolytic anaemia after oral artemether-lumefantrine treatment in a patient affected by severe imported falciparum malaria

Author: Michele Bibas, Piero Ghirga, A. Antinori, Paola Mencarini, Angela Corpolongo, P. De Nardo, Alessandra Oliva, Maria Letizia Giancola, and Emanuele Nicastri
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Anemia, Hemolytic, Artemether/lumefantrine, Administration, Oral, Antimalarials, Internal medicine, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, Artemisinin, Malaria, Falciparum, Fluorenes, Patient affected, business.industry, Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Haemolysis, Artemisinins, Drug Combinations, Infectious Diseases, Ethanolamines, business, Malaria, medicine.drug
Abstract: Artemisinin and its derivatives are essential components of artemisinin-based combination therapies for treating severe falciparum malaria. In this paper, we describe the occurrence of haemolysis after oral artemether–lumefantrine treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second reported case of a patient affected by severe falciparum malaria with haemolytic anaemia that is likely associated with oral artemether–lumefantrine treatment.
Published: 2012

29. HIV neutralizing antibody titer during structured treatment interruption of highly active antiretroviral therapy

Author: Emanuele Nicastri, Anna Rita Buonomini, Rita Bellagamba, Angela Corpolongo, Pasquale Sordillo, Chiara Tommasi, Massimo Andreoni, Loredana Sarmati, Luca Dori, Antonio Volpi, Marco Montano, and Pasquale De Nardo
Subjects: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Male, Settore MED/17 - Malattie Infettive, Anti-HIV Agents, Immunology, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Drug Administration Schedule, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Neutralizing antibody, biology, business.industry, Drug holiday, Viral Load, Virology, Antiretroviral therapy, Antibodies, Neutralizing, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Titer, Infectious Diseases, biology.protein, HIV-1, Female, Antibody, business, Viral load
Published: 2012

30. Treatment of Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Sorafenib in a HIV/HCV Co-Infected patient in HAART: A Case Report

Author: Emanuele Nicastri, Elisa Gentilotti, Pasquale De Nardo, Magdalena Viscione, Rita Bellagamba, Giovanni Vennarecci, Chiara Tommasi, Angela Corpolongo, and Giuseppe Maria Ettorre
Subjects: Oncology, Sorafenib, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Hepatocarcinoma, HAART, Epidemiology, Short Report, Fosamprenavir, lcsh:RC254-282, HIV/HCV co-infection, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, TDM, Liver disease, Internal medicine, Medicine, lcsh:RC109-216, Cause of death, business.industry, virus diseases, medicine.disease, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma, digestive system diseases, Infectious Diseases, Infected patient, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Immunology, business, Viral hepatitis, medicine.drug
Abstract: Background Liver disease is the second cause of death among HIV patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Europe. HIV patients have a high prevalence of chronic HBV (6–10%) and HCV (33%) co-infection, and accelerated progression of viral hepatitis. Furthermore, the long duration of both HIV and HCV diseases in the HAART era increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Findings We report the case of a 49 year -old HIV/HCV co-infected male patient who developed hepatocellular carcinoma. The patient underwent a partial hepatectomy, and a few months later was treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation due to hepatocarcinoma recurrence. Two months later, advanced hepatocellular carcinoma was diagnosed and sorafenib therapy was initiated. The patient achieved partial response of the main lesions, complete regression of the smallest lesions and did not experience clinical progression during the 20-month follow-up period. During therapy with sorafenib, the patient was treated with HAART with good viral and immunological responses. We used the therapeutic drug monitoring to assess antiretroviral concentrations during co-administration of sorafenib. Fosamprenavir Ctrough was found under the minimum level recommended by international guidelines. No grade 3 or 4 toxicities were observed. At month 20 of treatment, new liver lesions with portal vein thrombosis were diagnosed. After 28 months of sorafenib therapy, the patient deceased for severe liver insufficiency. Conclusions Sorafenib monotherapy demonstrated a marked delay in HCC disease progression in an HIV/HCV co-infected patient. Fosamprenavir Ctrough was found under the minimum level recommended by international guidelines, suggesting a possible interaction.
Published: 2012

31. Haemolytic anaemia in an HIV-infected patient with severe falciparum malaria after treatment with oral artemether-lumefantrine

Author: Chiara Tommasi, Rita Bellagamba, Pasquale Narciso, Angela Corpolongo, Pasquale De Nardo, Maria Grazia Paglia, Elisa Gentilotti, Piero Ghirga, and Emanuele Nicastri
Subjects: Male, Erythrocytes, Artemether/lumefantrine, Administration, Oral, HIV Infections, Case Report, Severity of Illness Index, chemistry.chemical_compound, Artemether, Malaria, Falciparum, Artemisinin, Quinine, biology, Coinfection, Artemisinins, Drug Combinations, Infectious Diseases, Ethanolamines, Drug Therapy, Combination, medicine.drug, Adult, Anemia, Hemolytic, medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, lcsh:RC955-962, Haemolytic anaemia, Plasmodium falciparum, Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), Lumefantrine, Hemolysis, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Drugs and haemolytic anaemia, Antimalarials, Severe malaria, Internal medicine, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Fluorenes, business.industry, Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination, HIV, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, chemistry, Artesunate, Immunology, Parasitology, business, Malaria
Abstract: Intravenous (i.v.) artesunate is now the recommended first-line treatment of severe falciparum malaria in adults and children by WHO guidelines. Nevertheless, several cases of haemolytic anaemia due to i.v. artesunate treatment have been reported. This paper describes the case of an HIV-infected patient with severe falciparum malaria who was diagnosed with haemolytic anaemia after treatment with oral artemether-lumefantrine. The patient presented with fever, headache, and arthromyalgia after returning from Central African Republic where he had been working. The blood examination revealed acute renal failure, thrombocytopaenia and hypoxia. Blood for malaria parasites indicated hyperparasitaemia (6%) and Plasmodium falciparum infection was confirmed by nested-PCR. Severe malaria according to the laboratory WHO criteria was diagnosed. A treatment with quinine and doxycycline for the first 12 hours was initially administered, followed by arthemeter/lumefantrine (Riamet®) for a further three days. At day 10, a diagnosis of severe haemolytic anaemia was made (Hb 6.9 g/dl, LDH 2071 U/l). Hereditary and autoimmune disorders and other infections were excluded through bone marrow aspiration, total body TC scan and a wide panel of molecular and serologic assays. The patient was treated by transfusion of six units of packed blood red cell. He was discharged after complete remission at day 25. At present, the patient is in a good clinical condition and there is no evidence of haemolytic anaemia recurrence. This is the first report of haemolytic anaemia probably associated with oral artemether/lumefantrine. Further research is warranted to better define the adverse events occurring during combination therapy with artemisinin derivatives.
Published: 2012

32. Stable Virologic Suppression during Raltegravir plus Atazanavir Dual-Therapy Taken Every other Day: A Case Report

Author: ra Oliva, Pasquale De Nardo, R ita Bellagamba, Aless, Massimo Tempestilli, Emanuele Nicastri, Nicola Tumino, Pasquale Narciso, Angela Corpolongo, Chiara Tommasi, and Elisa Gentilotti
Subjects: Drug, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Immunology, Dermatology, Hepatitis C, Pharmacology, medicine.disease, Raltegravir, Atazanavir, Regimen, Infectious Diseases, Pharmacokinetics, Therapeutic drug monitoring, Virology, Internal medicine, medicine, business, Viral load, media_common, medicine.drug
Abstract: Adherence to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy can be affected by a number of factors limiting the outcome of the treatment. We report the case of a 39 year-old HIV-HCV co-infected woman in stable virologic suppression and immune recovery during a raltegravir plus unboosted atazanavir dual-therapy taken every other day. Measurement of HIV-1 RNA plasma levels (viral load), CD4+ T-cell counts and the therapeutic drug monitoring through validated high-performance liquid chromatography methods, were performed to assess the effectiveness of this regimen. Our data on raltegravir pharmacokinetics in association with atazanavir show adequate minimum effective concentrations of raltegravir throughout 36 and 48 hours despite the every other day intake of the drug. Further studies are recommended in order to identify the determinants that could enable a reduction in antiretroviral dosing frequency in case of difficult management of HIV-infected patients due to low adherence to therapy. By reporting our medical experience, we focused on the utility of performing therapeutic drug monitoring especially in cases of poor adherence, drug and/or alcohol abuse, co morbidities and co-administration of other drugs.
Published: 2012
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33. Stopping antiretroviral therapy: role for therapeutic drug monitoring

Author: Paolo Ascenzi, Jelena Ivanovic, Chiara Tommasi, Angela Corpolongo, Stefania Notari, Pasquale Narciso, Emanuele Nicastri, Massimo Andreoni, Tommasi, C, Nicastri, E, Corpolongo, A, Ivanovic, J, Notari, S, Ascenzi, Paolo, Andreoni, M, and Narciso, P.
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Chemotherapy, medicine.diagnostic_test, biology, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Immunology, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Antiretroviral therapy, Infectious Diseases, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Pharmacokinetics, Therapeutic drug monitoring, Immunopathology, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Viral disease, Intensive care medicine, business, Sida
Published: 2008
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34. Detection of quasispecies variants predicted to use CXCR4 by ultra-deep pyrosequencing during early HIV infection

Author: Chrysoula Vlassi, Maria Rosaria Capobianchi, Gianpiero D'Offizi, Angela Corpolongo, Emanuela Giombini, Isabella Abbate, Pasquale Narciso, Alessandro Bruselles, Alessandro Desideri, Gabriella Rozera, Barbara Bartolini, and Giuseppe Ippolito
Subjects: Adult, Male, Receptors, CXCR4, Immunology, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Female, Genetic Variation, HIV Infections, HIV Seropositivity, HIV-1, Humans, Middle Aged, Proviruses, RNA, Viral, Retrospective Studies, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Young Adult, Antiretroviral Therapy, Viral quasispecies, Biology, Group B, Virus, Receptors, Immunology and Allergy, Clinical significance, Highly Active, Viral, Seroconversion, Sida, CXCR4, Settore BIO/11, DNA, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Infectious Diseases, Lentivirus, RNA, Viral disease, Sequence Analysis
Abstract: Objectives: HIV-1 V3 quasispecies was analyzed by ultra-deep pyrosequencing, in early HIV-infected patients, to assess possible correlations between quasispecies diversity, frequency of variants predicted to use CXCR4 and need for early antiretroviral treatment. Methods: Twenty patients were retrospectively enrolled: 10 patients (group A) required HAART within 6 months from seroconversion and 10 (group B) remained free of therapy during this period. V3 quasispecies was assessed on plasma viral RNA and in peripheral blood mononuclear cell-associated proviral DNA. Prediction of coreceptor usage was performed by position-specific score matrix analysis. Results: Variants predicted to use CXCR4 were detected (frequency >0.3%) in the plasma of 50% of early infected patients (60% from group A and 40% from group B). Intrapatient frequency of these variants was highly variable (0.3-56.3%). A positive correlation was observed between the proportion of X4 variants and intrapatient quasispecies diversity. Quasispecies diversity and absolute numbers of X4 variants were significantly higher in patients from group A. The analysis of proviral DNA quasispecies, performed in a subgroup of five patients, showed that X4 variants were not detected in patients with RNA frequency below 0.3%, and detected at 3.6% in the patient with 56.3% of X4 plasma variants. Conclusion: Our findings show that X4 variants may be frequently found, at variable intrapatient frequency, in early infected patients, and that quasispecies diversity and absolute numbers of X4 variants are significantly higher in patients undergoing early antiretroviral treatment. Further studies are mandatory to explore the clinical relevance of X4 variants present during early infection with respect to clinical progression and possible therapeutic implications.
Published: 2010

35. Prognostic factors of long-term CD4+ count-guided interruption of antiretroviral treatment

Author: Sarmati, L, Andreoni, Carolina, Nicastri, E, Tommasi, C, Buonomini, A, D'Ettorre, G, Corpolongo, A, Dori, L, Montano, M, Volpi, A, Narciso, P, Vullo, Vincenzo, Andreoni, M, Mar, J. MED V. I. R. O. L., and PMID PUBMED INDEXED FOR MEDLINERELATED CITATIONS, .
Subjects: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Male, Reduced risk, Time Factors, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), RNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitor, HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, immunology, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, proteinase inhibitor, virus DNA, adult, article, CD4 lymphocyte count, controlled study, female, highly active antiretroviral therapy, human, Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection, major clinical study, male, prognosis, scoring system, survival rate, treatment duration, blood, CD4+ T lymphocyte, clinical trial, Human immunodeficiency virus infection, methodology, middle aged, multicenter study, prospective study, time, treatment outcome, treatment withdrawal, Adult, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, DNA, Viral, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Treatment Outcome, Withholding Treatment, Medicine, Viral, Infectious Diseases, Viral load, Settore MED/17 - Malattie Infettive, Antiretroviral Therapy, ANTIRETROVIRAL AGENTS, Virology, Multicenter trial, Antiretroviral treatment, In patient, Highly Active, business.industry, DNA, Treatment interruption, business
Abstract: Aim of the study was to determine predictors of the duration of antiretroviral treatment interruption in patients infected with HIV. This pilot prospective, open-label, multicenter trial comprised 62 HIV-seropositive subjects who decided voluntarily to interrupt therapy after two or more years of successful HAART. The primary end-point was the time to patients being free of therapy before reaching a CD4+ cell count
Published: 2009

36. Effective highly active antiretroviral therapy in patients with primary HIV-1 infection prevents the evolution of the avidity of HIV-1-specific antibodies

Author: Nicoletta Orchi, M.S. Zaniratti, Rita Bellagamba, Claudio Angeletti, Giuseppe Ippolito, Enrico Girardi, Marina Selleri, Angela Corpolongo, and Maria Rosaria Capobianchi
Subjects: Adult, Male, Antibody Affinity, Viremia, HIV Infections, HIV Antibodies, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Immunopathology, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Avidity, Sida, Retrospective Studies, biology, virus diseases, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Infectious Diseases, Treatment Outcome, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Lentivirus, Immunology, biology.protein, HIV-1, Female, Viral disease, Antibody
Abstract: OBJECTIVE To evaluate if the administration of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) during primary HIV infection (PHI) may affect the antibody avidity evolution. METHODS In 13 subjects with symptomatic PHI, of whom 8 initiated HAART at diagnosis, the Avidity Index (AI) and Western blot evolution patterns were analyzed on serial serum/plasma samples for 1 year. In 4 patients, who subsequently interrupted HAART, additional specimens were analyzed. RESULTS At diagnosis, the range of HIV viremia was 0.003 to 38 x 10(6) copies/mL. In untreated patients, viremia reached the set point in 4 to 6 months, whereas in treated patients, early suppression of viremia was observed, remaining undetectable during therapy. At diagnosis, the median AI was low in untreated (0.42, range: 0.33 to 0.43) and treated (0.44, range: 0.40 to 0.72) patients. At 3, 6, and 12 months, the AI progressively increased in untreated patients, whereas it remained
Published: 2007

37. Sex issues in HIV-1-infected persons during highly active antiretroviral therapy: A systematic review

Author: Claudio Angeletti, Lucia Palmisano, Emanuele Nicastri, Angela Corpolongo, Stefano Vella, Pasquale Narciso, Antonio Chiesi, Loredana Sarmati, Sebastiano Leone, Andrea Geraci, and Massimo Andreoni
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Gender, HAART, Long-term clinical progression, Settore MED/17 - Malattie Infettive, Anti-HIV Agents, Antiretroviral Therapy, HIV Infections, Disease, Female, Humans, Sex Factors, Treatment Outcome, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Internal medicine, Medicine, Highly Active, Pharmacology (medical), Pharmacology, business.industry, Mortality rate, Hazard ratio, virus diseases, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Clinical trial, Infectious Diseases, Relative risk, Immunology, Observational study, business
Abstract: Background: Since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), morbidity and mortality rates have sharply decreased among HIV-infected patients. Studies of possible differences between men and women in the course of HIV infection give conflicting results. The objective of this study was to assess sex differences during HAART. Methods: A literature search by using the MEDLINE database between March 2002 and February 2007 was performed to identify all published studies on the sex-specific differences on the impact of HAART. All articles with measures of effect (preferably adjusted odds ratio, relative risk or hazard ratio with 95% CI) of sex on viroimmunological and clinical parameters during HAART were included. Five different topics of interest in our research were selected: time of initiation of HAART, adherence, viroimmunological response, clinical response and adverse reactions during HAART. Results: US data report an initiation of HAART at an earlier disease stage in men compared with women. After initiation of HAART, most authors do not report any viroimmunological difference, although a few clinical studies showed a significantly better virological response in women compared with men. Nevertheless, women were more likely to be less adherent to antiretrovirals and to have non-structured treatment interruptions than men. This is likely to be related to the higher number of adverse reactions they experience during HAART. Finally, discordant opinions with regard to clinical benefits during HAART exist, but recent clinical and observational trials suggest a better clinical outcome for women. Conclusions: We found little evidence of sex differences during antiretroviral treatment. Nevertheless, most of these studies were underpowered to detect sex differences and had limited follow-up at 6 or 12 months. Design of new gender-sensitive clinical trials with both prolonged follow-up and sample size representative of the current HIV prevalence among women are strongly needed to detect the likely sex differences of antiretroviral agents during HIV infection. Â© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.
Published: 2007

38. Managing patients with sexual transmission of drug-resistant HIV

Author: Rita Bellagamba, Angela Corpolongo, Valerio Tozzi, and Pasquale Narciso
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Sexual transmission, Anti-HIV Agents, Gonorrhea, HIV Infections, Drug resistance, Health Promotion, Global Health, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Internal medicine, Drug Resistance, Viral, medicine, Prevalence, Humans, Health Education, Chlamydia, business.industry, Transmission (medicine), Health Policy, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Hepatitis C, medicine.disease, Primary Prevention, Infectious Diseases, Early Diagnosis, Immunology, HIV-1, Female, business, HIV drug resistance
Abstract: The transmission of drug-resistant HIV-1 (primary HIV resistance) is a cause of growing concern. The prevalence of drug-resistant variants in patients with primary HIV-1 infection (PHI) ranges from 10 to 36%. Unlike patients with secondary resistance, patients with primary HIV resistance do not show a rapid conversion to wild-type drug-sensitive virus in the absence of treatment. Moreover, primary HIV-1 resistance is associated with higher rates of treatment failure. Rapid diagnosis is important, since early events in PHI may have a critical role in disease progression. An early diagnosis is also essential to prevent HIV-1 transmission during the high viremic phase of PHI. This review focuses on prevalence, basic principles, diagnostic markers, and approaches for the treatment of PHI due to sexual transmission of drug-resistant HIV-1. The aim of the paper is to help clinicians to deal with patients presenting a PHI due to drug-resistant variants.
Published: 2005

39. Rhabdomyolysis after cerivastatin-gemfibrozil therapy in an HIV-infected patient with protease inhibitor-related hyperlipidemia

Author: Simona Coletta, Gabriella d'Ettorre, Miriam Lichtner, Angela Corpolongo, Vincenzo Vullo, Claudio Maria Mastroianni, and Gabriele Forcina
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, biology, Immunology, Cerivastatin, Pharmacology, medicine.disease, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase, Infectious Diseases, Endocrinology, Enzyme inhibitor, Internal medicine, Immunopathology, Hyperlipidemia, medicine, biology.protein, Immunology and Allergy, Gemfibrozil, Protease inhibitor (pharmacology), Rhabdomyolysis, medicine.drug
Published: 2001

40. Long-term remission of human immunodeficiency virus-associated visceral leishmaniasis after initiation of potent combination antiretroviral treatment: report of two cases

Author: Vito Trinchieri, Gabriella d'Ettorre, Angela Corpolongo, Claudio Maria Mastroianni, Miriam Lichtner, Claudia D'Agostino, Vincenzo Vullo, Gabriele Forcina, Paola Santopadre, and Serena Dell'Isola
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Adult, Male, Combination therapy, Opportunistic infection, Anti-HIV Agents, Antiprotozoal Agents, Pharmacotherapy, Amphotericin B, Medicine, Humans, Sida, biology, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, business.industry, Remission Induction, Leishmaniasis, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Infectious Diseases, Visceral leishmaniasis, Immunology, Leishmaniasis, Visceral, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Drug Therapy, Combination, Viral disease, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: We describe two cases of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with visceral leishmaniasis in whom no clinical and parasitological disease relapses were observed after liposomal amphotericin B therapy combined with potent antiretroviral treatment.
Published: 2000

41. Rhodococcus equi infection of monocytes/macrophages from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients and healthy individuals: evaluation of intracellular killing and nitric oxide production

Author: Gabriele Forcina, Fabio Mengoni, Claudio Maria Mastroianni, Miriam Lichtner, Claudia D'Agostino, Vincenzo Vullo, Salvatore Delia, and Angela Corpolongo
Subjects: Cytotoxicity, Immunologic, Cellular immunity, Arginine, HIV Infections, Monocytes, immunology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Immunology and Allergy, Macrophage, Rhodococcus equi, immunologic, Cells, Cultured, antagonists /&/ inhibitors, biology, human immunodeficiency virus, immunology/metabolism/microbiology, General Medicine, Arginase, Infectious Diseases, cytotoxicity, actinomycetales infections, aids-related opportunistic infections, animals, arginase, cells, cultured, drug effects/immunology/metabolism/microbiology, drug effects/immunology/physiology, drug effects/physiology, hiv infections, horses, human monocyte/macrophage, humans, macrophages, metabolism, monocytes, nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthase, nitrites, omega-n-methylarginine, pharmacology, rhodococcus equi, Actinomycetales Infections, Intracellular, Microbiology (medical), Nitric Oxide, Microbiology, Nitric oxide, Animals, Humans, Horses, Nitrites, omega-N-Methylarginine, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Macrophages, biology.organism_classification, Virology, In vitro, chemistry, Nitric Oxide Synthase
Abstract: Monocytes/macrophages from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients had a defect in their ability to kill Rhodococcus equi in vitro, as compared with healthy HIV-seronegative individuals. Virulent and avirulent R. equi strains isolated from humans and horses showed no significant intracellular replicative differences within both HIV-positive and -negative monocytes/macrophages. Infection with R. equi induced the production of nitric oxide (NO) by monocytes/macrophages from healthy individuals, but not by cells from HIV-positive patients. The NO formation was significantly inhibited by l-NG-monomethyl arginine and arginase. However, neither competitive inhibition of NO synthesis from l-arginine with l-NMMA nor depletion of arginine with arginase altered the killing activity of human monocytes/macrophages against R. equi, thus suggesting that l-arginine:NO pathway is not required for the intracellular antirhodococcal mechanisms of human monocytes/macrophages.
Published: 1998

42. Tolerability of HAART in Patients Treated During Acute HIV Infection

Author: Chrysoula Vlassi, Paola Scognamiglio, Pasquale Narciso, Angela Corpolongo, Gianpiero D'Offizi, Rita Fezza, and Maria Flora Salvatori
Subjects: Acute HIV infection, medicine.medical_specialty, Infectious Diseases, Tolerability, business.industry, Internal medicine, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), In patient, business
Published: 2010
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43. P1916 The evolution of the avidity of HIV–1–specific antibodies is prevented by early treatment started during primary HIV–1 infection

Author: Maria Rosaria Capobianchi, Angela Corpolongo, M. Selleri, Paola Zaccaro, M.S. Zaniratti, N. Orchi, Giuseppe Ippolito, and E. Girardi
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Primary (chemistry), business.industry, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), General Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, Virology, Specific antibody, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Avidity, business
Published: 2007
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44. Quasispecies tropism and compartmentalization in gut and peripheral blood during early and chronic phases of HIV-1 infection: possible correlation with immune activation markers

Author: Emanuela Giombini, Paola Zaccaro, Raffaella Lionetti, Barbara Bartolini, Isabella Abbate, Gabriella Rozera, Giuseppe Ippolito, F. Del Nonno, Gianpiero D’Offizi, Angela Corpolongo, Maria Rosaria Capobianchi, Andrea Baiocchini, Chrysoula Vlassi, and Marina Selleri
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Adult, Male, Necrosis, HIV Infections, Viral quasispecies, Biology, HIV Envelope Protein gp120, Virus Replication, Peripheral blood mononuclear cell, Genetic Heterogeneity, Young Adult, medicine, Humans, nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Receptor, Tropism, Phylogeny, General Medicine, Compartmentalization (psychology), Viral Load, HIV quasispecies, Virology, Peptide Fragments, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Gastrointestinal Tract, Chronic infection, Viral Tropism, Infectious Diseases, viral diversity, Compartmentalization, Immunology, HIV-1, co-receptor usage, Pyrosequencing, RNA, Viral, Female, medicine.symptom, gut mucosa, immune activation markers, Biomarkers, Reassortant Viruses
Abstract: HIV quasispecies was analysed in plasma and proviral genomes hosted by duodenal mucosa and peripheral blood cells (PBMC) from patients with early or chronic infection, with respect to viral heterogeneity, tropism compartmentalization and extent of immune activation. Seventeen HIV-1-infected combined antiretroviral therapy naive patients were enrolled (11 early infection and six chronic infection). V3 and nef genomic regions were analysed by ultra-deep pyrosequencing. Sequences were used to infer co-receptor usage and to construct phylogenetic trees. As markers of immune activation, plasma sCD14 and soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor II (sTNFRII) levels were measured. Median diversity of HIV RNA was lower in patients with early infection versus chronic infection patients. Overall, direct correlation was observed between V3 diversity and X4 frequency; V3 diversity of HIV RNA was inversely correlated with CD4 T-cell count; median sCD14 and sTNFRII values were similar in early and chronic patients, but X4 frequency of HIV RNA was directly correlated with plasma sCD14. The proportion of patients harbouring X4 variants and median intra-patient X4 frequency of proviral genomes tended to be higher in chronic infection than early infection patients. More pronounced compartmentalization of proviral quasispecies in gut compared with PBMC samples was observed in patients with early infection compared with chronic patients. The loss of gut/PBMC compartmentalization in more advanced stages of HIV infection was confirmed by longitudinal observation. More studies are needed to understand the pathogenetic significance of early HIV quasispecies compartmentalization and progressive intermixing of viral variants in subsequent phases of the infection, as well as the role of immune activation in tropism switch.
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45. Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis to prioritize hospital admission of patients affected by COVID-19 in low-resource settings with hospital-bed shortage

Author: Pasquale De Nardo, Elisa Gentilotti, Fulvia Mazzaferri, Eleonora Cremonini, Paul Hansen, Herman Goossens, Evelina Tacconelli, E. Durante Mangoni, L.L. Florio, R. Zampino, F. Mele, I. Gentile, B. Pinchera, N. Coppola, M. Pisaturo, R. Luzzati, N. Petrosillo, E. Nicastri, A. Corpolongo, M.A. Cataldo, A. D’Abramo, G. Maffongelli, L. Scorzolini, C. Palazzolo, E. Boumis, A. Pan, A. D’Arminio Monforte, F. Bai, S. Antinori, F.G. De Rosa, S. Corcione, T. Lupia, S.M. Pinna, S. Scabini, F. Canta, S. Belloro, Z. Bisoffi, A. Angheben, F. Gobbi, E. Turcato, N. Ronzoni, L. Moro, S. Calabria, P. Rodari, G. Bertoli, G. Marasca, M. Puoti, A. Gori, A. Bandera, D. Mangioni, M. Rizzi, F. Castelli, A. Montineri, C.A. Coco, M. Maresca, M. Frasca, D. Aquilini, M. Vincenzi, L. Lambertenghi, M.E. De Rui, E. Razzaboni, P. Cattaneo, A. Visentin, A. Erbogasto, I. Dalla Vecchia, I. Coledan, M. Vecchi, G. Be, L. Motta, A. Zaffagnini, N. Auerbach, P. Del Bravo, A.M. Azzini, E. Righi, E. Carrara, A. Savoldi, M. Sibani, E. Lattuada, G. Carolo, M. Cordioli, F. Soldani, M.D. Pezzani, S. Avallone, R. Bruno, A. Ricciardi, M.P. Saggese, G. Malerba, De Nardo, P., Gentilotti, E., Mazzaferri, F., Cremonini, E., Hansen, P., Goossens, H., Tacconelli, E., Durante-Mangoni, E., Zampino, R., Coppola, N., Pisaturo, M., Tacconelli E., &amp, Luzzati, R., and COVID-19MCDA Grp
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, Hospital bed, Disease, Multi-Criteria Decision Analysi, Decision Support Technique, 0302 clinical medicine, Patient Admission, 80 and over, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Viral, Young adult, Duration (project management), Aged, 80 and over, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Multiple-criteria decision analysis, 3. Good health, Hospitalization, Infectious Diseases, Female, Coronavirus Infections, Human, Microbiology (medical), Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Adolescent, 030106 microbiology, Pneumonia, Viral, SARS CoV-2, Article, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Decision Support Techniques, 03 medical and health sciences, Betacoronavirus, Young Adult, pandemic, COVID-19, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Pandemics, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, Aged, Pandemic, Hospital Bed Capacity, Betacoronaviru, business.industry, Coronavirus Infection, SARS-CoV-2, Pneumonia, Emergency medicine, Human medicine, business, Body mass index, Decision analysis
Abstract: Graphical Abstract, Highlights • Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis applied to SARS CoV-2 pandemic • Creating a model to prioritize hospitalization of COVID-19 patients in low- and middle-income countries • Eleven criteria selected considering their feasibility in low-resource settings • Reducing the risk of non-standardised approaches and improving the response of health systems to new pandemics, Objective To use Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) to determine weights for eleven criteria in order to prioritize COVID-19 non-critical patients for admission to hospital in healthcare settings with limited resources. Methods The MCDA was applied in two main steps: specification of criteria for prioritizing COVID-19 patients (and levels within each criterion); and determination of weights for the criteria based on experts’ knowledge and experience in managing COVID-19 patients, via an online survey. Criteria were selected based on available COVID-19 evidence with a focus on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Results The most important criteria (mean weights, summing to 100%), are: PaO2 (16.3%); peripheral O2 saturation (15.9%); chest X-ray (14.1%); Modified Early Warning Score-MEWS (11.4%); respiratory rate (9.5%); comorbidities (6.5%); living with vulnerable people (6.4%); body mass index (5.6%); duration of symptoms before hospital evaluation (5.4%); CRP (5.1%); and age (3.8%). Conclusions At the beginning of a new pandemic, when evidence for disease predictors is limited or unavailable and effective national contingency plans are difficult to establish, the MCDA prioritization model could play a pivotal role in improving the response of health systems.
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46. A case of pulmonary tuberculosis presenting as diffuse alveolar haemorrhage: is there a role for anticardiolipin antibodies?

Author: Chiara Tommasi, A. Marruchella, Pasquale Narciso, Angela Corpolongo, and Francesco Nicola Lauria
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Tuberculosis, Antitubercular Agents, Case Report, Hemorrhage, Ground-glass opacity, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Antiphospholipid syndrome, medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Lung, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, Ethambutol, biology, business.industry, Pyrazinamide, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Dermatology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Infectious Diseases, Antibodies, Anticardiolipin, Radiography, Thoracic, medicine.symptom, business, Rifampicin, medicine.drug
Abstract: Background Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH) has been rarely reported in association with pulmonary infections. Case Presentation We report the case of a 43 year old immunocompetent man presenting with dyspnoea, fever and haemoptysis. Chest imaging showed bilateral ground glass opacities. Microbiological and molecular tests were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and treatment with isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide was successful. In this case the diagnosis of DAH relies on clinical, radiological and endoscopic findings. Routine blood tests documented the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies. In the reported case the diagnostic criteria of antiphospholipid syndrome were not fulfilled. Conclusions The transient presence of anticardiolipin antibodies in association with an unusual clinical presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis is intriguing although a causal relationship cannot be established.
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47. Virological Characterization of the First 2 COVID-19 Patients Diagnosed in Italy: Phylogenetic Analysis, Virus Shedding Profile From Different Body Sites, and Antibody Response Kinetics

Author: Colavita, Francesca, Lapa, Daniele, Carletti, Fabrizio, Lalle, Eleonora, Messina, Francesco, Rueca, Martina, Matusali, Giulia, Meschi, Silvia, Bordi, Licia, Marsella, Patrizia, Nicastri, Emanuele, Marchioni, Luisa, Mariano, Andrea, Scorzolini, Laura, Ascoli Bartoli, Tommaso, Di Caro, Antonino, Ippolito, Giuseppe, Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria, Castilletti, Concetta, Abbate, Isabella, Agrati, Chiara, Aleo, Loredana, Alonzi, Tonino, Amendola, Alessandra, Apollonio, Claudia, Arduini, Nicolina, Bartolini, Barbara, Berno, Giulia, Biancone, Silvia, Biava, Mirella, Bibbò, Angela, Brega, Carla, Canali, Marco, Cannas, Angela, Carrara, Stefania, Casetti, Rita, Chiappini, Roberta, Ciafrone, Lucia, Cimini, Eleonora, Coen, Sabrina, Condello, Rossella, Coppola, Antonio, D’Arezzo, Silvia, Di Filippo, Stefania, Di Giuli, Chiara, Fabeni, Lavinia, Felici, Luisa, Ferraioli, Valeria, Forbici, Federica, Garbuglia, Anna Rosa, Giombini, Emanuela, Gori, Caterina, Graziano, Silvia, Gruber, Cesare Ernesto Maria, Khouri, Daniele, Leone, Barbara, Massimino, Chiara, Mazzarelli, Antonio, Minosse, Claudia, Montaldo, Claudia, Neri, Stefania, Nisii, Carla, Petrivelli, Elisabetta, Petroni, Fabrizio, Petruccioli, Elisa, Pisciotta, Marina, Pizzi, Daniele, Prota, Gianluca, Raparelli, Fabrizio, Rozera, Gabriella, Sabatini, Rossella, Sarti, Silvia, Sberna, Giuseppe, Sciamanna, Roberta, Selleri, Marina, Selvaggi, Carla, Sias, Catia, Stellitano, Chiara, Toffoletti, Antonietta, Truffa, Silvia, Turchi, Federica, Valli, Maria Beatrice, Venditti, Carolina, Vescovo, Tiziana, Vincenti, Donatella, Vulcano, Antonella, Zambelli, Emma, Abbonizio, Maria Alessandra, Albarello, Fabrizio, Amadei, Gioia, Antonini, Mario, Barbaro, Raffaella, Benigni, Martina, Bevilacqua, Nazario, Bordoni, Veronica, Branca, Marta, Campioni, Paolo, Caporale, Cinzia, Caravella, Ilaria, Ciaralli, Carmine, Corpolongo, Angela, Cristofaro, Massimo, Curiale, Salvatore, D’Abramo, Alessandra, Dantimi, Cristina, De Angelis, Alessia, De Angelis, Giada, Di Lorenzo, Rachele, Di Stefano, Federica, Ferraro, Federica, Fiorentini, Lorena, Frustaci, Andrea, Gallì, Paola, Garotto, Gabriele, Giancola, Maria Letizia, Giansante, Filippo, Greci, Maria Cristina, Lanini, Simone, Lepore, Luciana, Lucia, Andrea, Lufrani, Franco, Macchione, Manuela, Marani, Alessandra, Marini, Maria Cristina, Maritti, Micaela, Montaldo, Chiara, Murachelli, Silvia, Noto, Roberto, Palazzolo, Claudia, Pallini, Emanuele, Passeri, Virgilio, Pelliccioni, Federico, Petrecchia, Antonella, Petrone, Ada, Petrosillo, Nicola, Pianura, Elisa, Pisciotta, Maria, Pittalis, Silvia, Proietti, Costanza, Puro, Vincenzo, Rinonapoli, Gabriele, Sacchi, Alessandra, Sanasi, Francesco, Santagata, Carmen, Scarcia, Silvana, Schininà, Vincenzo, Scognamiglio, Paola, Stazi, Giulia, Vaia, Francesco, and Vairo, Francesco
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Immunoglobulin A, Immunoglobulin G, Virus, NO, Serology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Major Article, SARS-cov-2, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Viral shedding, Neutralizing antibody, Phylogenesis, biology, Viral culture, business.industry, Antibody response, COVID-19, Italy, Virus shedding, 3. Good health, AcademicSubjects/MED00290, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Oncology, Immunoglobulin M, Immunology, biology.protein, business
Abstract: Background The pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remains unclear. We report the detection of viral RNA from different anatomical districts and the antibody profile in the first 2 COVID-19 cases diagnosed in Italy. Methods We tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA clinical samples, either respiratory and nonrespiratory (ie, saliva, serum, urine, vomit, rectal, ocular, cutaneous, and cervico-vaginal swabs), longitudinally collected from both patients throughout the hospitalization. Serological analysis was carried out on serial serum samples to evaluate IgM, IgA, IgG, and neutralizing antibody levels. Results SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected since the early phase of illness, lasting over 2 weeks in both upper and lower respiratory tract samples. Virus isolate was obtained from acute respiratory samples, while no infectious virus was rescued from late respiratory samples with low viral RNA load, collected when serum antibodies had been developed. Several other specimens came back positive, including saliva, vomit, rectal, cutaneous, cervico-vaginal, and ocular swabs. IgM, IgA, and IgG were detected within the first week of diagnosis, with IgG appearing earlier and at higher titers. Neutralizing antibodies developed during the second week, reaching high titers 32 days after diagnosis. Conclusions Our longitudinal analysis showed that SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be detected in different body samples, which may be associated with broad tropism and different spectra of clinical manifestations and modes of transmission. Profiling antibody response and neutralizing activity can assist in laboratory diagnosis and surveillance actions.
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48. Left thigh phlegmon caused by Nocardia farcinica identified by 16S rRNA sequencing in a patient with Leprosy: a case report

Author: Salvatore Noto, Angela Corpolongo, Elisa Gentilotti, Piero Ghirga, Maria Grazia Paglia, Pasquale De Nardo, Andrea Antinori, Emanuele Nicastri, Maria Letizia Giancola, Rita Bellagamba, and Chiara Tommasi
Subjects: DNA, Bacterial, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Nocardia Infections, Case Report, DNA, Ribosomal, Nocardia, Clofazimine, Phlegmon, Leprosy, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, medicine, Humans, Nocardia farcinica, biology, Cellulitis, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Trimethoprim, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Surgery, Hansen’s disease, Treatment Outcome, Infectious Diseases, Italy, Thigh, Drainage, Prednisone, Immunosuppressive Agents, Rifampicin, medicine.drug
Abstract: Background In recent years, Nocardia farcinica has been reported to be an increasingly frequent cause of localized and disseminated infections in the immunocompromised patient. However, recent literature is limited. We report a case of left thigh phlegmon caused by N. farcinica that occurred in a patient with Leprosy undergoing treatment with prednisone for leprosy reaction. Case presentation We describe the case of left thigh phlegmon caused by Nocardia farcinica in a 54-year-old Italian man affected by multi-bacillary leprosy. The patient had worked in South America for 11 years. Seven months after his return to Italy, he was diagnosed with Leprosy and started multi-drug antibiotic therapy plus thalidomide and steroids. Then, during therapy with rifampicin monthly, minocycline 100 mg daily, moxifloxacin 400 mg daily, and prednisone (the latter to treat type 2 leprosy reaction), the patient complained of high fever associated with erythema, swelling, and pain in the left thigh. Therefore, he was admitted to our hospital with the clinical suspicion of cellulitis. Ultrasound examination and Magnetic Resonance Imaging showed left thigh phlegmon. He was treated with drainage and antibiotic therapy (meropenem and vancomycin replaced by daptomycin). The responsible organism, Nocardia farcinica, was identified by 16S rRNA sequencing in the purulent fluid taken out by aspiration. The patient continued treatment with intravenous trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and imipenem followed by oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and moxifloxacin. A whole-body computed tomography did not reveal dissemination to other organs like the lung or brain. The patient was discharged after complete remission. Oral therapy with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, moxifloxacin, rifampicin monthly, clofazimine and thalidomide was prescribed to be taken at home. One month after discharge from the hospital the patient is in good clinical condition with complete resolution of the phlegmon. Conclusion N. farcinica is a rare infectious agent that mainly affects immunocompromised patients. Presentation of phlegmon only without disseminated infection is unusual, even in these kinds of patients. In any case, a higher index of suspicion is needed, as diagnosis can easily be missed due to the absence of characteristic symptoms and the several difficulties usually encountered in identifying the pathogen.
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49. SARS-CoV-2 Serum Neutralization Assay: A Traditional Tool for a Brand-New Virus

Author: Matusali G., Colavita F., Lapa D., Meschi S., Bordi L., Piselli P., Gagliardini R., Corpolongo A., Nicastri E., Antinori A., Ippolito G., Capobianchi M. R., Castilletti C., Abbate I., Agrati C., Aleo L., Alonzi T., Amendola A., Apollonio C., Arduini N., Bartolini B., Berno G., Biancone S., Bibbo A., Brega C., Canali M., Cannas A., Carletti F., Carrara S., Casetti R., Castillettiy C., Chiappini R., Ciafrone L., Cimini E., Coen S., Condello R., Coppola A., D'arezzo S., Di Caro A., Di Filippo S., De Giuli C., Fabeni L., Felici L., Ferraioli V., Forbici F., Garbuglia A. R., Giombini E., Gruber C. E. M., Khouri D., Lalle E., Leone B., Mazzarelli A., Messina F., Minosse C., Montaldo C., Neri S., Nisii C., Petrivelli E., Petroni F., Petruccioli E., Pisciotta M., Pizzi D., Prota G., Rozera G., Rueca M., Sabatini R., Sarti S., Sberna G., Sciamanna R., Selleri M., Selvaggi C., Stellitano C., Toffoletti A., Truffa S., Turchi F., Valli M. B., Venditti C., Vincenti D., Vulcano A., Zambelli E., Bevilacqua N., Bordoni V., D'abramo A., Lepore L., Mariano A., Palazzolo C., Lorenzini P., Notari S., Sacchi A., Scorzolini L., Bettini A., Francalancia M., Specchiarello E., Federica M., Gaetano D., Luigi F., Barbara G., Roberto I., Giovanni M., Mirco M., Rachele S., Matusali, G., Colavita, F., Lapa, D., Meschi, S., Bordi, L., Piselli, P., Gagliardini, R., Corpolongo, A., Nicastri, E., Antinori, A., Ippolito, G., Capobianchi, M. R., Castilletti, C., Abbate, I., Agrati, C., Aleo, L., Alonzi, T., Amendola, A., Apollonio, C., Arduini, N., Bartolini, B., Berno, G., Biancone, S., Bibbo, A., Brega, C., Canali, M., Cannas, A., Carletti, F., Carrara, S., Casetti, R., Castillettiy, C., Chiappini, R., Ciafrone, L., Cimini, E., Coen, S., Condello, R., Coppola, A., D'Arezzo, S., Di Caro, A., Di Filippo, S., De Giuli, C., Fabeni, L., Felici, L., Ferraioli, V., Forbici, F., Garbuglia, A. R., Giombini, E., Gruber, C. E. M., Khouri, D., Lalle, E., Leone, B., Mazzarelli, A., Messina, F., Minosse, C., Montaldo, C., Neri, S., Nisii, C., Petrivelli, E., Petroni, F., Petruccioli, E., Pisciotta, M., Pizzi, D., Prota, G., Rozera, G., Rueca, M., Sabatini, R., Sarti, S., Sberna, G., Sciamanna, R., Selleri, M., Selvaggi, C., Stellitano, C., Toffoletti, A., Truffa, S., Turchi, F., Valli, M. B., Venditti, C., Vincenti, D., Vulcano, A., Zambelli, E., Bevilacqua, N., Bordoni, V., D'Abramo, A., Lepore, L., Mariano, A., Palazzolo, C., Lorenzini, P., Notari, S., Sacchi, A., Scorzolini, L., Bettini, A., Francalancia, M., Specchiarello, E., Federica, M., Gaetano, D., Luigi, F., Barbara, G., Roberto, I., Giovanni, M., Mirco, M., and Rachele, S.
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, lcsh:QR1-502, serology, Antibodies, Viral, lcsh:Microbiology, Serology, protective immunity, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Neutralizing antibody, biology, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Algorithm, Titer, Infectious Diseases, Female, Neutralization Test, Algorithms, Human, Adult, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Protective immunity, Article, Virus, COVID-19 Serological Testing, 03 medical and health sciences, Neutralization Tests, Immunity, Virology, Neutralizing antibodie, Humans, neutralizing antibodies, Kinetic, Receiver operating characteristic, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Gold standard (test), Antibodies, Neutralizing, Kinetics, 030104 developmental biology, ROC Curve, Immunoglobulin G, Immunology, biology.protein, business
Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 serum neutralization assay represents the gold standard for assessing antibody-mediated protection in naturally infected and vaccinated individuals. In the present study, 662 serum samples collected from February 2020 to January 2021 from acute and convalescent COVID-19 patients were tested to determine neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers using a microneutralization test (MNT) for live SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, IgA, and IgM directed against different viral antigens were measured by high-throughput automated platforms. We observed higher levels of NAbs in elderly (&gt, 60 years old) individuals and in patients presenting acute respiratory distress syndrome. SARS-CoV-2 NAbs develop as soon as five days from symptom onset and, despite a decline after the second month, persist for over 11 months, showing variable dynamics. Through correlation and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, we set up a testing algorithm, suitable for the laboratory workload, by establishing an optimal cutoff value of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG for convalescent plasma donors to exclude from MNT samples foreseen to have low/negative NAb titers and ineligible for plasma donation. Overall, MNT, although cumbersome and not suitable for routine testing of large sample sizes, remains the reference tool for the assessment of antibody-mediated immunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Smart testing algorithms may optimize the laboratory workflow to monitor antibody-mediated protection in COVID-19 patients, plasma donors, and vaccinated individuals.
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50. Impact of antiretroviral dosing and daily pill burden on viral rebound rates in naive patients receiving a tenofovir-based regimen

Author: Carlo Federico Perno, C Mussini, A. Antinori, Adriana Ammassari, Antonio Chirianni, F. Maggiolo, N Abrescia, Giuliano Rizzardini, Patrizia Lorenzini, Nicola Gianotti, Gaetana Sterrantino, Massimo Andreoni, M Foggia, and A Corpolongo
Subjects: Viral rebound, medicine.medical_specialty, Multivariate analysis, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Pharmacology, Rate ratio, Regimen, symbols.namesake, Infectious Diseases, Internal medicine, Pill, Cohort, medicine, symbols, Dosing, Poisson regression, business
Abstract: Methods A total of 480 ART-naive patients were selected from the GNOMO cohort. Incidence rate of viral rebound (VR = first of two consecutive VL>50 cp/ml) was calculated as number of events over PYFU and expressed at univariate and multivariate analysis as incidence rate ratio (IRR). Number of both pills and doses per day were used to define three different types of regimens: twice-a-day regimens (BID regimens); once-a-day regimens with 3 pills (high-pill QD [hp-QD]). Adjusted rates of viral rebound were estimated by Poisson regression using date of first HIV-RNA
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