1. Epidemiology, genetic landscape and classification of childhood diabetes mellitus in the State of Qatar
- Author
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Noor Hamed, Fawziya Al-Khalaf, Sara Al-Khawaga, Khalid Hussain, Tasneem Abdel-Karim, Goran Petrovski, Sabri Boughorbel, Reem Hasnah, Amira Saeed, Houda Afyouni, Shihab Mundekkadan, Ahmed Elawwa, Basma Haris, Maryam Al-Maadheed, Amel Khalifa, Saras Saraswathi, Mahmoud Alzyoud, Shayma Mohammed, and Ahmed Shamekh
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,Adolescent ,endocrine system diseases ,Epidemiology ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Type 2 diabetes ,Maturity onset diabetes of the young ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,Neonatal diabetes mellitus ,Diabetes mellitus ,Prevalence ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Childhood Diabetes Mellitus ,Prospective Studies ,Child ,Qatar ,Type 1 diabetes ,business.industry ,Incidence ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Articles ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,RC648-665 ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Child, Preschool ,Original Article ,Female ,business ,Pediatric diabetes - Abstract
Aims/Introduction To study the epidemiology, genetic landscape and causes of childhood diabetes mellitus in the State of Qatar. Materials and methods All patients (aged 0–18 years) with diabetes mellitus underwent biochemical, immunological and genetic testing. American Diabetes Association guidelines were used to classify types of diabetes mellitus. The incidence and prevalence of all the different types of diabetes mellitus were calculated. Results Total number of children with diabetes mellitus was 1,325 (type 1 n = 1,096, ≥1 antibody; type 2 n = 104, type 1B n = 53; maturity onset diabetes of the young n = 20; monogenic autoimmune n = 4; neonatal diabetes mellitus n = 10;, syndromic diabetes mellitus n = 23; and double diabetes mellitus n = 15). The incidence and prevalence of type 1 diabetes were 38.05 and 249.73 per 100,000, respectively, and for type 2 were 2.51 and 23.7 per 100,000, respectively. The incidence of neonatal diabetes mellitus was 34.4 per 1,000,000 live births, and in indigenous Qataris the incidence was 43.6 per 1,000,000 live births. The prevalence of type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes in Qatari children was double compared with other nationalities. The prevalence of maturity onset diabetes of the young in Qatar was 4.56 per 100,000. Conclusions This is the first prospective and comprehensive study to document the epidemiology and genetic landscape of childhood diabetes mellitus in this region. Qatar has the fourth highest incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus, with the incidence and prevalence being higher in Qatari compared with non‐Qatari. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is also higher in Qatar than in Western countries. The incidence of neonatal diabetes mellitus is the second highest in the world. GCK is the most common form of maturity onset diabetes of the young, and a large number of patients have type 1B diabetes mellitus., This is the first comprehensive, prospective study from the Middle East North Africa region to systematically study the causes of diabetes in every child in the State of Qatar. The State of Qatar has the fourth highest incidence of type 1 diabetes in the world. The incidence of type 2 diabetes is much higher in Qatar than in Western countries. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are more common in the Qatari population than the non‐Qatari population. Mutations in GCK were the most common cause of maturity onset diabetes of the young, and mutations in the PTF1A and INS genes were the most common cause of neonatal diabetes in this population.
- Published
- 2021