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The points raised by professor Delbert C. Miller in his paper about the future direction of industrial sociology are analyzed. The critic agreed with the argument by Miller that industrial sociology needs to be reestablished as a separate discipline--separate from organizational sociology, sociology of occupations and sociology of work. Points in the history of industrial sociology are reviewed to support the grounds of Miller's paper. Along with industrial sociology and economics, sociology has successfully dealt with the central institution of economic life in the United States. Furthermore, industry was the scene of what seemed then to be the most important developments in American society: the rise of the labor movement and the intense conflicts between management and labor.

This article examines the success of paper-based alternative currencies in facilitating convivial, sustainable localised economies. Based on fieldwork in the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany, it discusses the capacity of activists to create alternative forms of currency that communicate the organisers' visions of a localised economy, before examining material practices: for whom do the currencies work, and who struggles to use them? Using insights from a diverse economies perspective, the article argues that we cannot read off the likelihood of an economic actor using the currency from the extent of their local economic embeddedness: economic actors in similar positions respond to the same stimuli in different ways, and local business owners and activists can form productive alliances to develop their shared project. The article concludes by arguing that local currencies should be used more proactively to stimulate new forms of concrete local production to meet locally identified needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expansion of precarious work in recent decades has motivated a large body of research on its implications for health. While considerable work has focused on whether precarious work undermines health, much less is known about why it matters. To fill this gap, this paper offers and tests a conceptual model whereby the effects of precarious work on health are mediated by social marginality, specifically reduced self-efficacy, weaker social integration, and lower social capital. All three mechanisms are understood as both social consequences of precarious work and important determinants of health. Empirically, we use data from the European Social Survey and investigate (1) conditional direct effects of precarious work on self-rated health and (2) extent of mediation via the three mechanisms. Furthermore, we assess the generalizability of the model across five welfare state regimes that prior work has deemed to be important moderators of the health–precarious work relationship. Results indicate precarious work has significant conditional direct effects and indirect effects through all three mediators that significantly reduce effect of precarious work on health. This is robust in the general sample and for four of five welfare state regimes. These findings highlight a previously unexplored vector connecting precarious work to health and indicate that the effects of precarious work on perceptions of self and social relations is a key link to poorer health. The study also expands conceptualization of the broad role of socioeconomic status for health inequalities and furthers understanding of the mechanisms at work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to contribute to understanding of the factors associated with an effective emergent emergency response organisation and to provide new insights into this understudied area. It examines, through an analysis of a range of textual resources, the emergence and re-emergence of the Student Volunteer Army (SVA) during the devastating earthquakes in Canterbury, New Zealand, in 2010-11. This evaluation is conducted in relation to the four key features of an effective emergency response organisation: adaptability; direction; leadership; and communication. In addition, the paper aims to further understanding of 'emergency entrepreneurship' and thus of the values and strategies that underpin social entrepreneur organisations in times of normalcy. The paper concludes that the unique position of the SVA as a 'repeat emergent' emergency response organisation enabled it to innovate continually and to improve repeatedly its systems, relationships, and image, such that it exhibited features common to emergent and established emergency response organisations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the link between community of place and small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Lombard industrial districts in Italy.Design/methodology/approach A brief literature review of international authors from the stakeholder approach and Corporate Community Relations (CCRs) field is presented. This paper refers to a survey of Lombard industrial districts conducted by ALTIS. The data were collected via a telephone survey from 834 firms.Findings The main finding is that managing CCRs is of major importance for company success. The results of the survey show that there are some tools and actions that Italian industrial district SMEs use to interact with their particular communities of place to develop effective and coherent relationships with their stakeholder groups. Moreover, although the survey shows that though SMEs do implement different CCR activities, they are not able to communicate these effectively through systematic communication strategies. However, the narrow sample includes only a sample of some Lombard districts. Nonetheless, the findings indicate that effective CCR seems to confer competitive advantage based on stakeholder responses and rewards sought.Research limitations/implications The framework could assist in supporting CCR developments between industrial districts as various players would know how to improve CCR activities. One further suggestion is that University and Research Centers could have a role to play in creating and communicating codified knowledge concerning community relations in industrial districts, while other public players still have to develop specific tasks in improving infrastructures.Originality/value This study is in line with the main focus of CCR, which is in striving to meet stakeholder and societal needs. However, industrial district SMEs have to learn how to communicate their CCR activities from the examples set by large Italian companies. The paper links the notion of CCR with tools and actions to develop meaningful relationships with both community of place and interest. Moreover, considering the survey results, a new framework for local player roles is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employee commitment to an organisation is accepted as an important concept in organisation psychology. Yet commitment to a project on which an employee might be working is largely unknown. Additional complications arise when the project makes use of volunteers who donate their time for reasons other than pecuniary reward. The relationships between volunteers, organisations and projects represent a gap in the field of organisational commitment knowledge. This paper identifies from literature the values that inform and influence volunteer commitment levels. Known antecedents of commitment are developed to present a model which encapsulates the variables that should be recognised as influencing volunteer commitment levels within a project context. The paper proposes a conceptual model of volunteer commitment to a project using three categories of commitment: emotional, purposeful and contextual, and concludes that the next phase of the study will test this model and develop a tool that will enable the measurement of volunteer commitment in a project context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspired by the first evaluation processes on how nations and regions have interpreted and specified the smart specialization strategy, this paper applies the lens of evolutionary economic theory to interpret the causes of the lock-in mechanisms in learning processes that seem to prevail in most regions. The paper elaborates the notion of regional learning paradigms and trajectories to interpret evolution in the way innovation occurs in regions. By identifying the sources of path-dependence in regional learning paradigms and trajectories, the paper explains the difficulties faced by regions in ‘jumping’ on a new paradigm/trajectory and initiating an explorative entrepreneurial discovery process. Once the reasons for lock-in are highlighted, the paper advances some suggestions on possible adjustments to the design of a smart specialization strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract Definitions are important! They are composed of words that express what people think. Despite numerous efforts to bring about a clear and unbiased definition of social entrepreneurship, there is still confusion as how social entrepreneurship should be defined. The objective of this paper is not to state a novel definition, this means not to "push out", but rather to "pull in" together to better understand what the scholars are talking about through their own social entrepreneurship (SE) definitions. In doing so, we contribute to the literature by synthesizing and analysing the SE definitions to better understand the field. To do so, a combination of methods was used: systematic review to reach the articles proposing definitions and memetic analysis to understand the content of the definitions by analysing their memes. From the analysis, three main categories were considered: entity types, entrepreneurial opportunities and intentions/promises. Future research lines and implications are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conflicts in mining fields that revolve around the type and perceived impact of CSR projects seem to be daunting to solve. Such conflicts emerge from misconceptions among community stakeholders’ that lead to a failed company-community relationship. This inimical situation threatens peace, security, lives, and properties at the community level. To resolve the company-community conflicts, it is important to minimize the misconception among community stakeholders’ by identifying their preferences of CSR projects. However, the challenge of identifying these projects in mining fields is yet to be fully explored and understood. The aim of this paper is to identify community stakeholders’ topmost preferences of CSR projects for an effective company-community relationship and propose a path for community engagement. A sample of 604 respondents comprising community leaders’ and local residents’ from three regions which host Gold Mining Firms with level ‘A’ membership from the Ghana Chamber of Mines were drawn for this study. Using a questionnaire made up of close and open ended questions, a survey was conducted. With SPSS 16.0, the data on the close ended questions were analyzed with ranking and factor analyses while the open ended were drawn into teams to support the former. The results of the ranking analysis show that different group of stakeholders’ had a different preference for CSR projects. The factor analysis revealed that for effective company-community relationship both stakeholders’ preferred a Streamline Social Intervention and Improve Stakeholder Economic related CSR projects. Base on these findings, the study recommends that Mining firms’ should give maximum consideration to projects that seek the welfare of both stakeholders’ and have equal engagement with all stakeholders’. Also, managing expectations before, during and after mining should be a shared responsibility of all the stakeholders’. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reflects upon how national culture influences on Corporate Social Responsibility practices. For this purpose, the metaphor of "organization as culture" was used as theoretical framework, and Sweden as case study by identifying elements from its history and language which have contributed to the acceptance and reinterpretation of CRS concept in the country. In conclusion, the paper presents the "socially responsible" condition as ambiguous and contextual, emphasizing on national culture as a variable which cannot be underestimated in the analysis of CSR initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the benefits of entrepreneurial activity on economic development, entrepreneurs do not have a good social status in all societies. While in some countries they are highly respected (Anglo-Saxon context), in others, their image is not so positive (European context). In this paper, we highlight these differences using a sample from the GEM project and explain the social status of entrepreneurs using the cultural profile of countries, which is measured with the Schwartz database. Our results show that some cultural profiles favor entrepreneurs’ social status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the benefits of entrepreneurial activity on economic development, entrepreneurs do not have a good social status in all societies. While in some countries they are highly respected (Anglo-Saxon context), in others, their image is not so positive (European context). In this paper, we highlight these differences using a sample from the GEM project and explain the social status of entrepreneurs using the cultural profile of countries, which is measured with the Schwartz database. Our results show that some cultural profiles favor entrepreneurs’ social status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature on corruption is extensive as the topic is multifaceted, testifying to the intractable and stubborn nature of a problem that societies have been struggling to tackle with for centuries. Lack of improvement in eradicating corruption is the result of misguided and misplaced strategies based on weak analytical underpinnings and still weaker appreciation of the institutional milieu of individual countries. This paper attempts to introduce and unpack key concepts associated with the idea of corruption. The paper attempts to punctuate that corruption needs analysis as an indicator of ‘failed governance’. It presents empirical substantiation from various studies undertaken and offers a comprehensive study of the extent and effect of corruption on the Indian economy and the perception of a cross-section of people on various facets and the impact of corruption on diverse sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

An emphasis on making markets work for the poor has thrust companies into the role of ‘development agents’ – organisations that consciously seek to deliver outcomes that contribute to international development goals. This paper examines what business as a development agent means in terms of the promise, the conceptualisation and the developmental outcomes of several initiatives engaged in ‘bottom billion capitalism’. It argues that, while these initiatives are hailed as a solution for poverty, the benefits of such engagement must be weighed against other factors, including exclusion, the emphasis on capital assets and the reinterpretation of positive outcomes. The paper presents an alternative model of business as a development agent that better meets the criteria for a genuine development actor. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper argues that our understanding of the issues related to language conflicts inside business organizations would be enriched by close analysis of the conflicts that take place in the larger arena of the social sphere, of which the business organizations are a part. Taking clues from earlier studies, the paper argues that the prime reason behind linguistic conflicts is the fear of loss of linguistic identity by the linguistic minorities. It is further debated that the same factors related to the loss of linguistic identity would play a role in the business arena as well where the official language of the workplace puts its native speakers in an undue advantageous position with respect to other members who have learnt the official language as their second language. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Social responsibility (SR) initiatives within a corporate environment (CSR) continue to be met with deep scepticism. My concern is with exploring this scepticism, which I argue is due to there being more to the underlying objectives of SR than has previously been investigated. I begin by outlining and substantiating my project as a social ontological enquiry, one in which I unpack key concepts to reveal the nature of SR. These ontological findings then underpin my argument that SR is problematically grounded in liberalist thinking, and CSR is in fact just one manifestation of SR. I advance the thesis that SR has emancipatory ends, of meeting human needs and flourishing, and that it is best explicated using feminist care ethics. The argument is then focussed on both shoring up and advancing the emancipatory project of SR. The scepticism of interest is revealed to be the incongruity between care and business; that businesses are deemed as being incompatible with SR, at least in their present capacity. Any claims to the contrary by the business community are branded inauthentic and the aforementioned scepticism ensues. The paper concludes with a brief discussion concerning implications for CSR initiatives and future changes and developments are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, companies have become increasingly concerned with demonstrating their social engagement with their stakeholders, including their employees. Responsible management of workers and the transparency of that management is the subject of analysis in this paper. Because there are differences in the reporting requirements in European countries, this study analyses social transparency as determined by national institutional characteristics. The research is focused on a sample of 195 companies listed on the main stock exchanges of Germany, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The results show quantitative differences in information about responsible human resource management practices as well as homogeneity in the employment of reference standards, with the exception of companies in the United Kingdom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retaining engaged volunteers is crucial to many non-profit organizations. However, research on volunteer engagement is limited, and the distinction between job and organizational engagement in volunteers remains to be investigated. In this paper, we examine both organizational- and job-level engagement, and specifically, whether perceived organizational support would enhance volunteer engagement and associated attitudes. We surveyed 221 volunteers, and asked them about their perceptions of organizational support; their engagement with their volunteer job and the organization they volunteer for; satisfaction; commitment; and turnover intentions. Both organizational and job engagements had significant relationships with the attitudinal variables. However, we found that organizational rather than job engagement mediated the relationship between organizational support and volunteer satisfaction and commitment. While organizational engagement correlated with turnover intentions, neither job nor organizational engagement mediated the relationship between support and the intent to leave. Our findings advance the research on volunteer engagement, and highlight the importance of organizational engagement for this important, but too often overlooked, workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reason most frequently adduced by SMEs to avoid the implementation of CSR programs is their shortage of material resources. In this paper we propose the possibility that biotech SMEs supply the RSC with something they've got in abundance, that is, knowledge. Popular science thus becomes the focus of these programs, an affordable resource that can benefit them, and not only in reputation. Our study focuses on 32 SMEs settled in four Technology Parks in Andalusia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of Corporate Social Responsibility has been inclined to a business viewpoint that has transformed it into an instrument. Consequently, Corporate Social Responsibility seems to be a management style that might be disposable. In response, this article proposes a wider notion about Organizational Social Responsibility and its main objective is the statement of the relationship between Organizational Social Responsibility and morality. That means, to recognize Social Responsibility as an unavoidable part of human behavior foundations. To get so, this paper is fourfold: Organizational Social Responsibility concept, its ethical foundations, its relationship with values and private earnings and the necessity of an Organizational Social Responsibility promoted by the government in instead of being strictly voluntary developed. The main conclusion sets that Organizational Social Responsibility is always presented both in human behavior and organizational facts, therefore, it is not an optional choice. At the end of the work, suggestions for new research are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the ways of transforming of a purely economic category - marketing - in the information environment of a big modern city in its social and communication category. To do this, we considered the existing theoretical and methodological approaches to modern marketing communications and marketing opportunities as a social process that promotes productive dialogue between society and business. We proved the existence of inexhaustible possibilities of social potential of marketing communications in the context of the formation of the modern information environment of the big city, and developed practical recommendations in respect of its maximum usage in the modern world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper we first outline a framework which aims to capture some of the social and organisational aspects of human factors integration (HFI) which have been outlined by previous research. The framework was partly used to design a set of interview questions that were used with a case study of a human factors team working with the UK defence industry. The findings from the case study revealed a number of barriers which accord with previous research in the domain of HFI (e.g., attitudes and perceptions towards HF), as well as providing insights into the improvement strategies used by the HF team in order to improve HFI. These included attempts to build relationships and establish a working rapport with other groups in the company, as well as other activities aimed at addressing the organisational culture within the company as a whole (e.g., attempts to raise the profile of HF within the company). We use the framework for social and organisational aspects of HFI to discuss our findings alongside other research on group behaviour and boundary management within large organisations. The conclusions of the paper point to the utility of the framework as a means of planning HFI improvement strategies which can help to overcome some of the social and organisational barriers to HFI. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Eco-industrial networking is considered as a new approach for businesses to improve their competitiveness, economic viability and human and ecosystem health. A cyclic material flow with alternative usage of all materials in the loop is an essential feature of an eco-industrial network. While eco-industrial networking has been primarily applied on the high-tech sector, this paper attempts to apply the principles on the fishery sector of An Giang, a Vietnamese province in the Mekong River Delta. An Giang Province has its own market share in the trade of Tra and Basa fish. The industries in the value chain of Tra and Basa are in a situation that forces them to improve their competitiveness to retain the market share. It was found that forming an eco-industrial network and recruiting new businesses to utilize all materials in the process provides additional revenue apart from reducing waste disposal concerns. This paper details the current market situation, the issues faced and material flow patterns and presents a feasible eco-industrial network. The results of the study indicate that the eco-industrial network creates positive impacts in terms of increased competitiveness, improved socio-economic conditions and cleaner environment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Technological advances often create a variety of ethical issues for organizations and their managers. Many of these are old issues surfacing under new guises or described with new jargon or terminology. Technological advances do not change the issues, but new technology may make their analysis and application more complex. This paper updates an earlier work published in 1997 and its analysis of several ethical issues raised by technological change: computer crime, an over-reliance on computer controlled systems, bio-technical developments, gradation of workplace quality-of-life and work-related injuries. In addition, the paper examines emerging issues related to personal privacy including the use of public surveillance cameras, camera phones, and imbedded microchips. After introducing and analyzing the problems, the paper focuses on managers: Specifically, how should managers respond to technological change and what are the implications for their organizations? The paper reiterates a five-step process for the effective management of these ethical issues: 1) Be aware of the issues, 2) Develop an ethical framework, 3) Be consistent, 4) Communicate clearly, and 5) Stay alert for future developments. The paper concludes by offering suggested avenues for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how the rent-creating conventions that regulate organic food production undermine growers' abilities to farm in a less intensive manner. The paper builds on a growing literature on food governance which points to the unintended consequences of standardization and their verification. The argument is based in theories of rent, with specific attention to how the constructed scarcity of organic food creates rents that are competed away or appropriated. The author also discusses how organic regulations may manifest in monopoly ground rents, especially given the attention paid to land in organic certification. Insofar as these rents pass through to land values, they contribute to a broader pattern of land valuation that pushes farmers to grow the most valuable crops in the most productive ways—an imperative that is not necessarily conducive to organic farming as it is generally envisioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the article is to assess the degree of diversification of the activity of rapid-growth firms (gazelles) in the towns of Podkarpackie region, especially in those urban centres, which are indicated in the regional strategy papers as actual or potential growth poles. The author puts forward a hypothesis that the broad representation of rapidly growing small and medium-sized companies is a good indicator of the condition of the local economy, highly correlated with other desirable measures of socio-economic development. The conducted research on the saturation of towns in the region with rapid-growth firms and the dynamics of their development allow one to conclude that much smaller set of cities than designated in the regional strategic documents can be regarded as growth centres in the light of this measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a theory of respectable business femininity. Respectable business femininity is theorized as a discursive and relational process that explains tensions women elite leaders experience at the nexus of being both One and Other and sometimes privileged, embedded notions of leadership as masculine and wider expectations of acceptable embodied femininity. Such tensions manifest through a disciplining of women leaders' bodies and appearance by self-and-others, as a means of appraising women as credible elite leaders and respectable women. Through a qualitative study we show how, within sites of ambiguity, embodied leadership and subjectivities are both enabled and constrained. Accounts highlight how privilege is fluid and (de)stabilized in that it is conferred, contested and defended through women's bodies and appearance. We advance understandings of contemporary respectable femininity, privilege at work, and body work, and consider practical implications for women leaders and management education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainability-oriented organizations have typically adopted governance approaches that undertake community participation and collaboration through multistakeholder arrangements. Documented challenges of this model are associated with collaboration and institutional capacity, and include reactive accountability structures, inability to reach consensus, funding limitations, and lack of innovation. Social entrepreneurship is a model used successfully in other social sectors; yet, it has rarely been explored by sustainability-oriented organizations. Nevertheless, research in other sectors has found that social entrepreneurship models of governance can encourage diverse participation from a wide range of social groups. In this paper we consider the value of social entrepreneurship for sustainability-oriented organizations by examining whether it can help address governance-related challenges associated with collaboration and institutional capacity. Analysis of organizational documents and participant interviews in three biosphere reserves in Atlantic Canada revealed that, over time, these organizations have struggled to maintain their mission objectives, retain productivity, and respond to economic stress. By examining social entrepreneurship theory and its practice in a biosphere reserve in northern Quebec, we learned that social entrepreneurship strategies more effectively target values and expertise, encourage meaningful engagement, foster strategic direction, and promote diversified and stable funding models than the stakeholder models explored. We determined there are opportunities to develop hybrid governance models that offer the benefits of social entrepreneurship while addressing the procedural concerns outlined by the stakeholder model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a context where the labor dimension is fundamental part in the lives of people, and especially in those with a disability, many sectors have driven from the Corporate Social Responsibility a positive change in this human dimension. The aim of this paper is to analyze the role of the pharmaceutical industry in this area, and its remarkable proposal for social innovation that has advocated for the inclusion of people with disabilities in addition to enhancing this dimension. The results allow us to assess the positive contributions of major pharmaceutical laboratories, and on the other hand, the mere declaration of intentions of other actors, but without concrete facts. Until then, as a society we still have a gap remaining between persons with disabilities and the general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Across health and social service sectors internationally there has been a rapid uptake of social entrepreneurship (SE) as a model for developing innovative and scalable interventions. However, much less is known about its utility and use in mental health services. This paper employs a scoping review and qualitative interviews with 27 leading social entrepreneurs working in mental health to assess the uptake of SE in the literature and to articulate this concept for mental health. The findings suggested both the potential of SE as a frame for advancing services and a paucity of research into specific processes and impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is the beginning of a handbook geared toward engineering students who want to work in developing countries in a socially responsible manner. The paper discusses socially responsible engineering in the field of development assistance. It suggests that actual contributions to the development process of a country happen when the engineer truly listens to the desires of those he/she is attempting to serve. Included in the paper are examples of development projects that have been successful and ones that have failed to reach their intended goals. The reasons for these successes and failures are examined. As well, examples of engineers combining social responsibility and their engineering skills in developing countries are given. Issues such as policy, appropriate technology, working conditions in developing countries, culture, participation, women engineers, education, and ethics are also explored. This paper is intended to stimulate a discussion about the role of engineers from industrialized countries in the Third World. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of comparative empirical research on the emergence of new institutional arrangements on what we might call the 'borderlines between research and industry', in the context (especially) of radical economic liberalization in the Czech Republic. The research focused on creative links between academic and industrial research, the exploitation of research by industry, and the growth of new intermediary institutions between these two spheres. The paper analyzes the potential for such developments by looking at the institutional shaping of different sectors of the research system, the environment of centralist regulatory practices before 1989, and their de-institutionalizaton following radical economic reform in the early 1990s. The latter process has had a mobilizing effect, prompting (among other thing) a number of local 'bottom-up' initiatives - which, in various ways, promise to enhance links between research and industry - in response to pressures on the research system. Three exemplary cases are described (from industrial, academy and university research respectively) in order to illustrate both the opportunities and the limits to such developments. It is argued in conclusion that additional, 'top-down' efforts are required if this potential is to be fully realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The arguments presented by Professor Delbert C. Miller in his paper about the future direction of industrial sociology are examined. The paper manifests the espousal of applied interests. Miller has shown his desire to bring industrial sociology back to the glories of its past by raising the fundamental issues of what sociology is and is to become, which are issues at the heart of the contrast between the pure and the applied orientations. In one sense, it is a question of what kind of knowledge and theory is wanted. Applied interests, no matter how much they rely on deductive theory, are always single-case interests, the case that is here and now. Despite certain disclaimers, Miller sees industrial sociology as oriented toward the interests and problems of those who run industrial organizations and those whose job it is to keep the environment stable for such organizations.

There are a growing number of social enterprises in Spain. Like any other organization, they must be managed efficiently. However, few studies have analyzed the direction of this type of business and, to a lesser extent, how they manage their human resources. This paper focuses on how Spanish social enterprises manage their human resources by using a case study methodology. The results confirm that social companies do follow human resources practices but, due to the strong social component that moves and attracts workers to contribute to their missions, these practices differ from those made by non social enterprises. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the escape of talent from social companies by applying ethical and social responsible human resources practices, and by managing volunteers in accordance with their social characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper dissects the ways in which Fordist and other corporate and state actors laid social and urban frameworks for Detroit in the early twentieth century and considers the urban practices of immigrant groups as these industries declined. I look at Arab and South Asian immigrants, many of whom arrived in the United States during periods of intense economic and national crises, and examine how they navigated through an “Americanized” and industrially fractured landscape. I argue that these immigrant groups drew into dense immigrant-oriented neighborhoods, where each community had their own means of propagating identity through national and religious forms, constructing and reusing buildings through a range of architectural references, and reinventing local and traditional building forms. Half a century later, these neighborhoods served as platforms that put forth the visions of immigrant communities, economically sustained a deteriorating industrial landscape, and became the vehicles by which immigrants claimed territoriality and belonging in Detroit. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper empirically tests the extent to which economic restructuring and gentrification affect viability and vulnerability businesses, with specific focus on arts and cultural industries in West Chelsea from 2000 through 2012. Based on the theoretical framework, gentrification stage model and adopting discrete-time survival analysis, we separately compare the risks of opening and closing between businesses established before/early stage of revitalisation (early-arrivers) and those established in the later stage (late-arrivers) within West Chelsea, versus their counterparts in the remainder of the study area in New York. We find that West Chelsea has been an advantageous location overall for late-arrivers in surviving in their market, while the early-arrived gallery and individual artists’ enterprises have faced a higher risk of their operations closing. On the other hand, a higher proportion of new gallery and arts and cultural industries remain attracted to West Chelsea after 2000, suggesting that firms in those industries may be benefiting from the agglomeration effects and localisation economies associated with colocation. The higher opening probability of lodging venues (e.g. hotels) and other amenities signals an overall transformation of the neighbourhood and influx of new uses (and visitors) observed during this time frame. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The argument of this article is that a universal, transcultural entrepreneurship concept should not reduce the term to the popular notion of legal business creation. Therefore, the paper first explores why talking about entrepreneurship has become so popular in recent years and which role anthropology as a discipline could or should play in the politics of the contemporary entrepreneurship discourse. Secondly, the problems of entrepreneurship as a multi-disciplinary field of research are presented and different disciplinary approaches to entrepreneurship are discussed. Finally, it is suggested that agency-driven innovation in relation to local surroundings should be the theoretical core of an anthropological entrepreneurship concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on a case study of the impact of professional doctorate programmes on graduates and their work organisations. Telephone interviews were carried out with graduates and nominated peer and senior colleagues to elucidate the types of change apparent and the impact of those changes. We found that all interviewees reported development of the graduates’ conceptual frameworks, increased personal and professional confidence, and enhanced engagement within and beyond their organisations. New capabilities and forms of interaction reported by colleagues appeared to facilitate the building of improved networks. Simple causal links were difficult to establish although the professional doctors themselves gave accounts of disruption, subversion and challenge that they attributed to their new knowledge and understandings. Such data draw attention to the complexity and messiness of the professional learning process, calling into question the simple input–output model of impact currently used. We suggest that further research is necessary to develop greater understanding of the organisational impact of the professional doctorate, and the ways in which that can be measured. This is especially important where there is increasing demand for a highly qualified workforce at the same time as decreasing professional development budgets. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The purpose of this paper is to present the profiles of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Managers in the Global Compact member organizations in Colombia. This is one of the preliminary results of a research that aims to provide new elements for understanding how Social Responsibility (SR) is understood and managed in the country. It is an exploratory and descriptive work in which was applied an instrument designed from the core variables that has worked in similar international studies. The results show that the charge directly related to SR in Colombia is still emerging, has more differences than similarities with regard to academic education and it is a feature entrusted more to women than to men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a two-sided ethnographic study in Accra, this paper analyses Chinese–Ghanaian employment relations from the perspectives of psychological contract, cross-cultural equity expectations and foreignness. Reaching beyond racially framed allegations of each other that are informed partly by politicized media discourses, structural analysis shows that mutually contradictory, culturally grounded expectations regarding their employment relationship are central to the understanding of conflict between Chinese employers and Ghanaian employees. Central to the frictions of mutual equity expectations is the feeling of existential vulnerability that – although particular for each group – is shared by both Chinese migrant employers taking high financial risks in an unfamiliar and potentially hostile environment and their local employees recruited almost exclusively from economically marginalized groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to study corporate volunteering through both theoretical and practical analysis of the situation in Spain. It outlines the conceptual framework and classification employed, the positive effects and synergies that flow from corporate volunteering and models and strategies for its development, then presents the main data on the extent and the reality of corporate volunteering in Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A service learning project was recently incorporated into a short-term business study abroad program. The main objective was to assess whether there is a place for service learning projects and how they should be integrated into the program. A combination of two surveys were used, one taken before the project and one after. Reflection papers were also analyzed. The findings revealed the effectiveness of service learning in making business students not only aware, but also sensitive to poverty in a developing country. As a result, students may approach business decisions with a greater understanding of their impact on poverty and society. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The objective of this paper is to analyze the increment in the level of contributions of an organization to the society, as an essential strategic goal, considering that such contributions are comprised of both the financial contribution, and an entire group of internal results and those which have an impact on society, that contribute to improve the people' quality of life. The elaborated procedure is used as a methodological base in order to develop and implement the Methodology for the Integral Evaluation of Companies. Based on the system approach applied to organizations and on the importance that is currently attributed to the knowledge management, it is made a proposal that allows the assessment of the level of contributions of an organization to the society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) represents activities, implemented by a company in order to fulfill ethical requirements towards all target groups. Studies show that investing in the technologies which aim at preserving the environment and doing business in line with ecological requirements can increase the competitiveness of companies on the market. Having in mind the fact that numerous companies, during the production process produce some negative effects on the environment and the society, the requirements and the pressure of the social community is growing so that the companies start acting responsibly. This is very important for the environmental protection, exercising human rights and freedoms, meeting the requirements and the responsibility towards the consumer rights protection, companies' visibility and control by the general public. Corporate social responsibility urges companies to act responsibly towards the society, thus, that relationship is based on respecting all of the social, ethical, ecological and economic values important for the decision making process. Companies from the food industry have a special social responsibility to preserve the environment in which they operate, to provide healthy and secure food to the consumers and to raise the life quality of the wider community by introducing certain actions. In this context, the paper will analyze the importance and necessity of social responsibility of companies of the food industry. In developed economy, corporate social responsibility is becoming a very important factor for consumers when deciding which product to buy, which improves the competitiveness of the CSR companies. A successful involvement of the transition countries, such as Serbia, and their companies, into the international economy, requires of them to adopt standards of the global market, out of which CSR is considered a priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Embarking upon modernization, Russia will have to struggle with the debris of a degrading industrial society. The paper employs the concepts of 'decay energy' and 'humanitarian catastrophe', regarding these phenomena as inseparable from the transitional process. A detailed analysis of various types and forms of decay energy leads the author to the following conclusions: (1) minimization, elimination and/or conversion of disintegration forces and products of decay is an integral part of the modernization project for Russia; (2) this project ought to have an ideology, a leader, social forces supporting it, educational resources, and access to the media; (3) the environmental movement is one of the few collective actors poised to combat the decay forces, which possesses a well-developed worldwide support network and has created a discourse that is comprehensible to the authorities as well as the business world and lay people; (4) for Russia with its numerous 'frozen' and 'hot' conflicts, this transition will be especially difficult and costly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]