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A digital radiography (DR) image is essentially a projected image image of the inspected object. In most cases, the contrast of defects in the inspected object is too low to distinguish easily. Therefore, for X-ray inspection of castings, especially large-scale castings, it is difficult to detect defects in the casting's X-ray images in real time. In this paper, a rapid DR image defect detection method, based on image registration, is proposed using the casting's online DR detection characteristics. Firstly, the DR image of the inspected casting is enhanced using a fusion method to highlight defects. Secondly, the appropriate standard DR image is selected from a library according to a model of the inspected casting. Thirdly, the enhanced DR image and selected standard DR image are registered. Lastly, the difference image method and prior knowledge are used to detect defects in the casting. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively detect casting defects at high speed. The method is particularly suitable for the online X-ray inspection of large castings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present a study of the interaction between an electric current pulse and a solid copper jet. Experiments were performed using a dedicated pulsed power supply delivering a current pulse of such amplitude, rise time, and duration that the jet is efficiently affected. The copper jet was created by using a shaped charge warhead. An electrode configuration consisting of two aluminum plates with a separation distance of 150 mm was used. The discharge current pulse and the voltages at the capacitors and at the electrodes were measured to obtain data on energy deposition in and the resistance of the jet and electrode contact region. X-ray diagnostics were used to radiograph the jet, and by analyzing the radiograph, the degree of disruption of the electrified jet could be obtained. it was found that a current pulse with an amplitude of 200-250 kA and a rise time of 16 μs could strongly enhance the natural fragmentation of the jet. in this case, the initial electric energy was 100 kJ and about 90% of the electric energy was deposited in the jet and electrodes. At the exit of the electrode region, the jet fragments formed rings with a radial velocity of up to 200 m/s, depending on the initial electric energy in the pulsed power supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: X-rays, derived from a high energy, high-current electron beam (EB), initiated in-situ polymerization of a unique class of monomers that were found to penetrate the cell walls of wood. X-rays initiated an auto-catalytic acrylic polymerization and penetrated through thick pieces of wood. The final cured product having the polymerizate, a polymer, both in the wood cell lumens and in the cell walls is called wood impregnated with a wood-polymer penetrant (WPP). The controlled lower dose rate of X-rays overcame disproportionation encountered when using higher dose-rate electron beam initiation. With X-rays, the in-situ polymerization took place in one exposure of modest dose. With EB, multiple passes were needed to avoid excessive heat build-up and monomer volatilization. Having entered the cell walls of the wood and then being polymerized within the cell walls, these radiation-cured unique monomers imparted outstanding dimensional stability upon exposure of the impregnated wood to humidity cycling. The preferred monomer system was also chemically modified prior to impregnation with agents that would remain in the wood and prevent the growth of fungi and other microbials. This technique differs from historic uses of monomers that merely filled the lumens of the wood (historic wood-polymer composites), which are only suitable for indoor use. The WPP impregnated wood that was either X-ray cured or EB cured demonstrated enhanced structural properties, dimensional stability, and decay resistance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article focuses on the significance of X-ray technology in food, pharmaceutical, chemical and other packaged product inspection. The cabinet X-ray system employ sophisticated algorithms for optimal detection and prevents access to the interior of the enclosure. It uses low-energy radiation to penetrate the product which allows the adaptive algorithm to automatically reject off-specification product. It also detects foreign objects and other contaminants. It points out that understanding the technology's capabilities and limitations are relevant in identifying whether a system is right for an application.

The nuclear and radiological safety regulatory framework in Cuba, until the year 2002, had not had a safety Guide for the industrial X-ray practice The improvement of our national regulatory framework, following the international recommendations and the national experience in the inspection and license activities of this practice led to the necessity of the existence of a safety Guide that would allow in an effective way to accomplish the safety criteria established in the Basic Safety Standards (BSS), during the operation of the industrial X-ray equipments. This paper exposes the main aspects that are included in this Safety Guide which are, in fact, specifications to the principles established in the BSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Features equipment for industrial radiography. RID-Se4/R gamma-ray flaw detector with sharp-focus unique selenium 75 source; RID-K/100 mobile gamma-ray system; RID-KTM-6 gamma-ray flaw detector.

Monitoring of occupationally exposed persons in Bosnia and Herzegovina started in 1960s and it was interrupted in 1992. Dosimetry service resumed in 1999 when the International Atomic Energy Agency provided Harshaw 4500 TLD-reader and the first set of TLDs for the Radiation Protection Centre (RPC) of the Institute of Public Health of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In January 2009, the RPC covered 1279 professionals with personal dosimetry, which is more than 70 % of all radiation workers in the country. Most of the TLD users work in medical institutions. In period 1999–2003 RPC provided 984 workers with dosemeters. In the next 5 y period (2004–2008), the number of persons covered by dosimetry increased by an average of 51 %. The mean and collective effective dose in the period 1999–2003 were 1.55 mSv and 1.54 personSv, respectively. In the period 2004–2008, the mean doses changed by 1 % on average, but the collective effective dose increased by 53 % for all practices. Mean and collective effective dose were 1.57 mSv and 2.34 personSv, respectively. The highest personal doses are associated with industrial radiography, than exposures in nuclear medicine. Radiology plays a significant role in collective dose only, whereas other exposures are low. Results correspond to results found in the literature. New practices in industry and medicine emphasise the need for more personal dosemeters, as well as specialised dosemeters for extremities monitoring, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article offers information on the contract won by the American Science and Engineering Inc., a leader in X-ray detection technology, from the government in the U.S. The company won a $14.3 million order from the government for the service, support and spare parts for Z Backscatter Vans (ZBV). The company's ZBV is considered a breakthrough in X-ray detection technology because of is low-cost, highly mobile screening system that is built into its commercially available delivery van.