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Household fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution greatly impacts residents' health. To explore the current national situation of household PM2.5 pollution in China, a study was conducted based on literature published from 1998 to 2018. After extracting data from the literature in conformity with the requirements, the nationwide household‐weighted mean concentration of household PM2.5 (HPL) was calculated. Subgroup analyses of spatial, geographic, and temporal differences were also done. The estimated overall HPL in China was 132.2 ± 117.7 μg/m3. HPL in the rural area (164.3 ± 104.5 μg/m3) was higher than that in the urban area (123.9 ± 122.3 μg/m3). For HPLs of indoor sampling sites, the kitchen was the highest, followed by the bedroom and living room. There were significant differences of geographic distributions. The HPLs in the South were higher than the North in four seasons. The inhaled dose of household PM2.5 among school‐age children differed from provinces with the highest dose up to 5.9 μg/(kg·d). Countermeasures should be carried out to reduce indoor pollution and safeguard health urgently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Significant efforts have been directed toward addressing the adverse health effects of particulate matter, while few data exist to evaluate indoor exposure nationwide in China. This study aimed to investigate dwellings particulate matter levels in the twelve cities in China and provide large data support for policymakers to accelerate the legislative process. The current study was based on the CIEHS 2018 study and conducted in 12 cities of China. A total of 2128 air samples were collected from 610 residential households during the summer and winter. Both PM 10 and PM 2.5 were detected with a light-scattering dust meter in both the living room and bedroom. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was performed to evaluate the correlations between PM 2.5 and PM 10 concentrations and both sampling season and site. Ratios of the living room to bedroom were calculated to evaluate the particulate matter variation between rooms. Hierarchical clustering was used to probe the question of whether the concentration varies between cities throughout China. The geometric means of the PM 2.5 in living rooms and bedrooms were 39.80 and 36.55 μg/m3 in the summer, and 70.97 and 67.99 μg/m3 in the winter, respectively. In the summer, approximately 70 % of indoor dwelling PM 2.5 exceeded the limit of 25 μg/m3, and for PM 10 approximately 60 % of dwellings demonstrated levels higher than 50 μg/m3; the corresponding values were over 90 % and 80 % in winter, respectively. In Shijiazhuang, Lanzhou, Luoyang and Qingdao, the geometric means of the PM 2.5 concentrations were observed to be 1.5 to 4.3 times higher during winter than during summer; similar concentrations in summer and winter were observed in Harbin, Wuxi, and Shenzhen, while the PM 2.5 concentrations in Panjin were approximately 1.5 times higher in summer than in winter. There was no significant difference in particulate matter concentrations between the living rooms and bedrooms. Scatter plots showed that cities with low GDP and a small population had higher concentrations, while Shenzhen, which has a higher GDP and a large permanent population, had a relatively low concentration of particulate matter. Our results suggest that indoor air pollution is a severe problem in China. It is necessary to continue monitoring indoor air quality to observe the changing trend under the tremendous effort of the Chinese government. • Indoor particulate matter exposure is prevalent in Chinese inhabitants. • In the winter, PM2.5 concentrations of Lanzhou and Mianyang were statistically higher than those of other cities. • Most of the cities air quality is better in the summer than in the winter, while the opposite result was observed in Panjin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]