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Rice is an essential crop in Indonesia, but it also contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Although several aspects of rice that increase productivity have been well studied and documented, studies are exploring its environmental aspects, including GHG emissions, are still lacking. More research may have been conducted, but only a few studies have been published in peer-reviewed journals. Robust data on GHG emissions from rice fields in Indonesia is still lacking, including factors affecting it and technology to reduce GHG emissions. Publications of GHG emissions research in Indonesia have been downloaded from several search engines, including ScienceDirect and Google Scholar, and searches using certain keywords. These reviewed publications reveal that research has only been conducted within controlled environmental settings. Thus, this review focuses on studies that have been carried out in Indonesia and other countries and assesses water regimes, rice varieties, fertilizer, soil types, and organic matter on GHG emissions in rice fields. More research into factors controlling GHG emissions in rice fields (e.g., water management, rice cultivar, soil types, and fertilizer) is still needed. This review identifies knowledge gaps concerning future research and development in Indonesia. The research should meet the needs, either national or global strategies to cope with climate change, develop sustainable farming practices, which will only succeed if there are government policies. Therefore, this research should involve an intensive interdisciplinary approach that includes both researchers and other stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]