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Little is known about the trends in colorectal cancer (CRC) in Vietnam. We aimed to investigate the trends in epidemiology and anatomical subsites of CRC in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.Based on the Ho Chi Minh City Cancer Registry data during 1996-2015, we calculated the average annual percent changes (AAPCs) of the age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) by sex, age groups, and anatomical subsites, using joinpoint regressions analysis. We further performed age-period-cohort (APC) analysis using the United States National Cancer Institute's web-based statistical tool to explore the underlying reason for the incidence trend.Over 20 years the overall ASR of CRC increased from 10.5 to 17.9 per 100,000, a 1.7-fold increase. CRC incidence elevated more rapidly in men (AAPC 4.7, 95%CI 2.2-7.3) than in women (AAPC 2.6, 95%CI 0.6-4.8). The highest and lowest increasing rates of ASRs were observed in the 50-64-year-old age group (AAPC 5.3, 95%CI 2.8-7.9) and 50-year-old age group (AAPC 1.1, 95%CI -0.7 to 2.9), respectively. Regarding subsites, rectal cancer had the highest rate of increase (AAPC 3.3, 95%CI 1.0-5.7). Furthermore, the APC analysis indicated significant increases in CRC incidence in birth cohorts after 1975 in both genders.The CRC incidence in Ho Chi Minh City increased, with the more prominent rates being among men and older populations, in rectal subsites, and in people born after 1975. The upward trend of CRC incidence in Ho Chi Minh City may be due to the adoption of a westernized lifestyle.

© 2018 Elsevier Inc. Purpose: Low trauma rib fracture (hereinafter, rib fracture) is common in the elderly, but its risk factors and mortality consequence are rarely studied. We sought to define the epidemiology of rib fracture and the association between rib fracture and postfracture mortality. Methods: The study was part of the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study, which was designed as a population-based prospective study, and consisted of 2041 women and men (aged ≥ 60). The incidence of rib fracture was ascertained from X-ray reports. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by DXA (GE-Lunar). The time-dependent Cox model was used to access the relationship between rib fracture and mortality. Results: During the median follow-up of 13 years, 59 men and 78 women had sustained a rib fracture, making the annual incidence of 4.8/1000 person-years. Each SD (0.15 g/cm 2 ) lower in femoral neck BMD was associated with ~2-fold increase in the hazard of fracture (hazard ratio [HR] 1.9; 95% CI, 1.4 to 2.6 in men; and HR 2.1; 95% CI, 1.6 to 2.8 in women). Among those with a rib fracture, the incidence of subsequent fractures was 10.2/100 person-years. Compared with those without a fracture, the risk of mortality among those with a fracture was increased by ~7.8-fold (95% CI, 2.7 to 22.5) in men and 4.9-fold (95% CI 2.0 to 11.8) in women within the first year postfracture. Conclusions: A rib fracture signifies an increased risk of subsequent fractures and mortality. The increased risk of mortality during the first 2.5 years postfracture suggests a window of opportunity for treatment.