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Background There are limited data available on incidence and survival of patients with choroid plexus tumors (CPT). This study provides the most current epidemiological analysis of choroid plexus tumors from 2004 to 2017 in the United States. Methods Data on 2013 patients with CPT were acquired from the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Cancer Institute, from 2004 to 2017. CPT cases were classified by the following pathological subtypes: choroid plexus papilloma (CPP), atypical choroid plexus papilloma (aCPP), and choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC). Frequencies and age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIR) per 100 000 and rate ratios per 100 000 (IRR) were reported for age, sex, race, and ethnicity for each pathological subtype with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Using CDC's National Program of Cancer Registries survival database, survival curves and hazard ratios (HRs) evaluated overall survival from 2001 to 2016. Results CPP had the highest overall incidence (AAIR: 0.034, 95% CI: 0.033–0.036), followed by CPC (AAIR: 0.008, 95% CI: 0.008–0.009) and aCPP (AAIR: 0.005, 95% CI: 0.005–0.006). Incidence was highest among children less than one year old among all subtypes (CPP AAIR: 0.278; aCPP AAIR: 0.140; CPC AAIR: 0.195), reducing as patients aged. Overall survival was worse among patients with CPC, being five times more likely to die compared to patients with CPP (HR: 5.23, 95% CI: 4.05–7.54, P  < .001). Conclusions This analysis is the most current and comprehensive study in the US on the incidence and survival for CPT. Population based statistics provide critical information in understanding disease characteristics, which impact patient care and prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS) contains information on all primary brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumors diagnosed in the United States (US). Here we summarize the 2021 CBTRUS annual statistical report for clinicians. Methods Incidence survival data are obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. Survival data are obtained from NPCR. Mortality data are obtained from the National Vital Statistics System. Incidence and mortality rates are age-adjusted using the 2000 US population and presented per 100,000 population. Results An annual average of 86,355 cases of primary malignant and nonmalignant CNS tumors were diagnosed over the period 2014–2018, corresponding to an average annual age-adjusted incidence rate of 24.25. The most commonly occurring malignant tumor was glioblastoma (14.3%), and the most common predominately nonmalignant tumor was meningioma (39%). Over the 2014–2018 period, there were 16,606 annual average deaths due to malignant primary CNS tumors, corresponding to an average annual age-adjusted mortality rate of 4.43. In this report we detail key incidence, survival, and mortality statistics for major primary CNS tumor histologies, highlighting relevant differences by age, sex, and race. Conclusions This summary describes the most up to date population-based incidence of primary malignant and nonmalignant brain and other CNS tumors in the US, and mortality and survival for primary malignant tumors and aims to serve as a useful resource for clinicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Pineoblastoma (PB) is a rare malignant brain tumor originating in the pineal gland. Here, we provide a comprehensive epidemiological analysis of PB in the United States from 2000 to 2017. Methods Data on 1133 patients with PB were acquired from the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Cancer Institute, from 2000 to 2017. Age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIRs) per 100 000 and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were reported for age, sex, race, and ethnicity. Using the National Program of Cancer Registries survival database, median survival and hazard ratios (HRs) were evaluated for overall survival from 2001 to 2016. Results Incidence was highest in ages 0–4 years (AAIR: 0.049, 95% CI: 0.042–0.056), decreasing as age increased. Incidence was higher among patients who are Black compared to patients who are White (IRR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.48–1.98, P <.001), and was impacted by age at diagnosis, with Black-to-White incidence highest in children ages 5–9 years (IRR: 3.43, 95% CI: 2.36–4.94, P <.001). Overall survival was lower for males (HR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.07–1.79, P =.013). All age groups, excluding those over 40, had improved survival compared to ages 0–4 years. Those who received surgical intervention had better survival compared to those who did not receive surgical treatment. Conclusion PB incidence is highest among children and patients who are Black, and there may be a potential interaction between these factors. Survival is worse among males, young children, and elderly adults, and those who received no surgery. Comprehensive, population-based statistics provide critical information on PB characteristics that could be useful in impacting patient care and prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Ependymoma is a rare CNS tumor arising from the ependymal lining of the ventricular system. General differences in incidence and survival have been noted but not examined on a comprehensive scale for all ages and by histology. Despite the rarity of ependymomas, morbidity/mortality associated with an ependymoma diagnosis justifies closer examination. Methods Incidence data were obtained from the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Cancer Institute, and survival data from Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results, from 2000 to 2016 for anaplastic ependymoma and ependymoma, not otherwise specified (NOS). Age-adjusted incidence rates (IRs) per 100 000 person-years were analyzed by age, sex, race, and location. Survival analysis was performed with Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Results Incidence of anaplastic ependymoma was highest in ages 0 to 4 years. African American populations had lower incidence but had a 78% increased risk of death compared to white populations (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.78 [95% CI, 1.30-2.44]). Incidence was highest for anaplastic ependymoma in the supratentorial region. Adults (age 40+ years) had almost twice the risk of death compared to children (ages 0-14 years) (HR: 1.97 [95% CI, 1.45-2.66]). For ependymoma, NOS, subtotal resection had a risk of mortality 1.86 times greater than gross total resection ([HR: 1.86 [95% CI, 1.32-2.63]). Conclusions African American populations experienced higher mortality rates despite lower incidence compared to white populations. Extent of resection is an important prognostic factor for survival. This highlights need for further evaluation of treatment patterns and racial disparities in the care of patients with ependymoma subtypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Multiple studies have reported higher rates of glioma in areas with higher socioeconomic status (SES) but to the authors' knowledge have not stratified by other factors, including race/ethnicity or urban versus rural location.Methods: The authors identified the average annual age-adjusted incidence rates and calculated hazard ratios for death for gliomas of various subtypes, stratified by a county-level index for SES, race/ethnicity, US region, and rural versus urban status.Results: Rates of glioma were highest in counties with higher SES (rate ratio, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.15-1.22 comparing the highest with the lowest quintiles [P < .001]). Stratified by race/ethnicity, higher rates in high SES counties persisted for white non-Hispanic individuals. Stratified by rural versus urban status, differences in incidence by SES were more pronounced among urban counties. Survival was higher for residents of high SES counties after adjustment for age and extent of surgical resection (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.76-0.87 comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of SES [P < .001]). Survival was higher among white Hispanic, black, and Asian/Pacific Islander individuals compared with white non-Hispanic individuals, after adjustment for age, SES, and extent of surgical resection, and when restricted to those individuals with glioblastoma who received radiation and chemotherapy.Conclusions: The incidence of glioma was higher in US counties of high compared with low SES. These differences were most pronounced among white non-Hispanic individuals and white Hispanic individuals residing in urban areas. Better survival was observed in high SES counties, even when adjusting for extent of surgical resection, and when restricted to those who received radiation and chemotherapy for glioblastoma. Differences in incidence and survival were associated with SES and race, rather than rural versus urban status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Incidence data on malignant tumors are reported by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, with 189,485 new malignant brain tumors globally in 2002. However, collection and reporting of benign brain tumors are not universal. The objective here is to encourage the collection of primary benign brain tumors worldwide. Methods: Worldwide numbers of primary benign brain tumors were estimated through published articles and cancer registry reports presenting directly or indirectly reported benign incidence rates or frequencies for regions or countries. Results: An estimated 186,678 benign brain tumors were diagnosed worldwide in 2002. The estimated numbers of benign brain tumors were higher in females than males (105,918 vs. 80,759). Since many countries do not report primary benign brain tumors, the incidence rate estimates vary significantly by region. Conclusions: This is the first survey to assess worldwide numbers of benign brain tumors. Under-reporting, non-standardized collection, lack of age-adjustment, and other causes of the varying incidence rates must be considered. However, the estimated number of benign brain tumors approximately equals, and could exceed, the number of malignant brain tumors globally. Registration of primary benign brain histologies in different geographical areas and ethnicities could provide clues to the underlying causes of these tumors. Copyright © 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Design. Cross-sectional study of US cancer registry data. Objective. To present the current population-based descriptive epidemiology of spinal meningiomas in the United States. Summary of Background Data. Meningioma is the most common primary spinal tumor, yet there is a paucity of population-based data evaluating incidence according to age, sex, race, and ethnicity. Such data are necessary to assess the burden of spinal meningiomas on varying populations and to inform health care planning and future research. Methods. The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, which contains the largest aggregation of population-based data on the incidence of primary central nervous system tumors in the United States, was used. Age-adjusted incidence rates of spinal meningiomas from 2004 to 2010 were calculated by age at diagnosis, sex, race, and ethnicity. Annual percent change was calculated using Joinpoint to characterize temporal trends. Results. From 2004 to 2010, there were 7148 newly diagnosed spinal meningiomas, resulting in an overall age-adjusted incidence of 0.33 per 100,000 population. There was a nonsignificant increase in incidence over time (annual percent change: 0.8%, 95% confidence interval: - 1.4 to 3.0). The highest incidence occurred in the 75- to 84-year old age group. Females had a much higher incidence than males (incidence rate ratio: 3.37; P < 0.0001). Asian Pacific Islanders and Caucasians had the highest incidence. Compared with Caucasians, African Americans and American Indian/Alaskan Native individuals had a significantly lower incidence (incidence rate ratio: 0.72, P < 0.0001; 0.52, P = 0.0003, respectively). Non-Hispanics had a significantly lower incidence than Hispanics (incidence rate ratio: 0.81, P < 0.0001). Conclusion. Approximately 1000 spinal meningiomas were diagnosed in the United States per year, and the incidence was relatively stable. Advanced age, female sex, Asian Pacific Islander and Caucasian race, and Hispanic ethnicity were all associated with an increased incidence of spinal meningioma. This study represents the most comprehensive evaluation of population-based descriptive epidemiology of spinal meningiomas in the United States to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]