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The essential oils isolated from wild and domesticated plants obtained from in vitro culture of Glechoma sardoa Bég. were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The main compounds in the oil obtained from wild and domesticated plants were germacrene D (19.8% and 17.4%), isofuranogermacrene (15.3% and 17.1%), β-elemene (18.3% and 16.3%), β-phellandrene (13.5% and 11.9%), elemol (12.9% and 11.3%), respectively. The tissue culture micropropagation of G. sardoa, obtained by a suitable ratio of NAA and Kinetin was succesful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demethylfruticuline A and fruticuline A, the most abundant compounds from the surface extract of Salvia corrugata Vahl., have shown antibacterial, antitumor and cytotoxic activities. In order to obtain these icetexane diterpenes from in vitro cultures of S. corrugata , protocols were developed for callus production, micropropagation and shoot regeneration. Analysis of the regenerated shoots showed the presence of both icetexanes, micropropagated plants contained only fruticuline A, while the callus contained trace amounts of both diterpenes. The yield of fruticuline A was higher in the methanolic extract of regenerated shoots than in those of fresh leaves and fresh shoot tips. In addition to these diterpenes, the regenerated shoot and micropropagated plant extracts afforded seven other diterpenes, one icetexane and six abietanes, identified by UV, IR, 1D- and 2D-NMR and HR-MS analysis. Five compounds (19-acetoxy-7α-hydroxyroyleanone, 7β,20-epoxy-11,12,19-trihydroxyabieta-8,11,13-triene, 7,20-dihydrofruticuline A, 7β-acetoxy-20-hydroxy-19,20-epoxyroyleanone, 7β-ethoxy-6β,20:19,20-diepoxyroyleanone) were previously undescribed. Although the crude plant surface extract did not possess any antibacterial activity, methanolic extracts of in vitro tissues and two compounds, namely 7β-acetoxy-20-hydroxy-19,20-epoxyroyleanone and 7β-ethoxy-6β,20:19,20-diepoxyroyleanone, isolated in suitable amounts, were active in varying degrees against multidrug resistant clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus epidermidis , Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium , displaying MIC values ranging from 32, 64 to 128 μg/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]