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Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) response to different antigens was examined in healthy women, in patients with cervical precancerous lesions, and in patients with cervical cancer. Cervical lesions were diagnosed by cytological (PAP) smears, from examination by colposcopy, and from "punch" biopsy material by histology. CMI response is related to specific processes in healthy and cancer cells. CMI was investigated by leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay using specific antigen (prepared from cervical carcinoma tissue) and non specific antigen (prepared from blood of mice infected by LDH--lactate dehydrogenase--virus). The CMI responses of healthy women and cancer patients to the antigens used are different: the majority of T lymphocytes display adherence and non adherence, respectively (but the CMI responses elicited by the antigens are not equal and small quantitative differences are observed). Regardless of the CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) grades, CMI responses correspond either to healthy women or to cervical carcinoma patients (at about similar ratio of cases in all the CIN groups). Effect of non specific antigen suggests that cervical carcinoma transformation may be connected with reduction of mitochondrial activity similar to processes in LDH virus infection.

We observed the immunological answer to antigens obtained from the human malignant breast tumor and from the blood of inbred mice strain C3H/H2K infected by LDH virus. We compared the modified ELISA method for humoral immunity with the leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay for cell-mediated immnunity. The modified ELISA method is suitable for early diagnosing and monitoring antibodies in a malignant breast tumor simultaneously with senological examinations which include mammography and clinical examinations, because the antibodies are determined in a high number of samples by single application.

T lymphocytes taken from healthy humans and cancer patients before and after medical treatment were exposed to the magnetic field 0.1 and 0.05 mT to study response of the cell-mediated immunity. Leukocyte adherence, which is considered to correlate with the cell-mediated immunity, was measured using an in vitro technique—leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay. Exposure to the magnetic field increases adherence of T lymphocytes especially those from cancer patients before medical treatment. The effects of exposure to the magnetic field 0.1 and 0.05 mT are similar to those of greater magnetic fields in the range of 0.5 to 10 mT. The effects of the AC and DC magnetic fields 0.05 mT do not display large differences attributable to the magnetic field.

Exposure of T lymphocytes to an external 50 Hz and 0.5 mT magnetic field was investigated in vitro using leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay which is a measure of cell-mediated immunity. Adherence of T lymphocytes taken from healthy humans and from cancer patients before and after medical treatment is enhanced after 1 h exposure to the magnetic field. The experimental findings for the magnetic field 0.5 mT are compared with published data for 1 and 10 mT. The results are consistent with suggestions of magnetic field effects on immune function in humans.

The cluster formation of CD4Ly cells (a subpopulation of T lymphocytes) in suspension was examined. CD4Ly cells were prepared from blood taken from cancer patients and from healthy counterparts (blood donors). CD4Ly cells taken from cancer patients formed tightly bound clusters in suspension with corresponding tumour antigen or LDH (lactic dehydrogenase) virus antigen. Cluster formation was a rare event in suspensions with CD4Ly cells taken from healthy humans. Cluster formation coincides with decreased adherence of CD4Ly to solid state surfaces and suggests strong mutual interaction between CD4Ly. A tentative theoretical explanation based on the Frohlich coherent vibration hypothesis is given.

Response of leukocytes to exposure to an external magnetic field with frequency 50 Hz and sinusoidal waveform was investigated in vitro using the leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay developed as a measure of cell-mediated immunity. Leukocytes taken from healthy humans adhere, but their adherence decreases after 1 hr of exposure to the magnetic field with magnetic induction of 1 and 10 mT. The majority of leukocytes taken from cancer patients before any medical treatment do not adhere, and exposure to the magnetic field increases adherence. Correlation between the LAI assay results and the cell-mediated immunity suggests an effect of magnetic fields on leukocyte immune function in humans.