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Byline: Arsha. Soudamini, Aasma. Nalwa, Gautam. Choudhary, Jyotsna. Bharti, Meenakshi. Rao, Poonam. Elhence, Himanshu. Pandey, Akhil. Goel Introduction: Urothelial carcinomas of the bladder are more common in males, making them [...]

A rare disease at an aberrant location can mimic a usual presentation of another disease. We report a case of primary amelanotic malignant melanoma of the prostate with clinical and histological characteristics that closely mimic poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma prostate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Liquid-based cytology (LBC), initially developed for screening gynecologic specimens, is now being used in nongynecologic aspiration and exfoliative specimens. In this study, the diagnostic yield and utility of thin-prep (TP) was compared with conventional preparations to ascertain its utility in improving the diagnosis of respiratory lesions. Materials and Methods: Bronchial washings (BW) and transbronchial needle aspirates (TBNA) (bronchoscopy/endobronchial ultrasound-guided) from 70 consecutive patients of mediastinal masses and endo/peribronchial growths were included. The diagnostic yields of both conventional smears and thin-prep were compared. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) was performed on direct/cytospin smears of TBNA/BW and TP slides when the tumor could not be subtyped by morphology. Histopathologic correlation was done. Results: Although well-preserved morphological features and cleaner background in TP allowed accurate diagnosis of malignancies, diagnostic yield was comparable to conventional preparations. Immunocytochemistry was successfully employed on TP smears which helped in accurate subtyping of the tumors. Few shortcomings of TP smears were uneven distribution of cells, thick cell clusters, and inadequate cellularity. Conclusion: Liquid-based TP preparation is an effective diagnostic tool for respiratory tract cytology, however, results are comparable to conventional smears. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is an extramedullary solid neoplasm of immature myeloid cells. These tumours usually develop in concurrence with or following acute leukemia. The breast is an uncommon site for presentation of this tumour, where it is often misdiagnosed as lymphoma or carcinoma.A 33-year-old female presented with a right breast lump in a private hospital, which was diagnosed as ductal carcinoma on lumpectomy. Subsequently she developed a lump in the left breast and a similar diagnosis of carcinoma was made on biopsy. A left mastectomy was performed. Histopathological examination revealed a tumour composed of mononuclear cells arranged in sheets and cords with round to oval vesicular nuclei and occasional prominent nucleoli. IHC for CK was very weak and focal. The tumour cells were immunonegative for ER, PR, Her2neu,epithelial membrane antigen, e-cadherin, CD3 and CD20. Diffuse immunopositivity for myeloperoxidase, CD34 and CD117 established a diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma. A histopathological review of the right breast lesion, with immunohistochemistry, also confirmed the diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma. Investigatory work-up for acute myeloid leukemia, including bone marrow aspirate and biopsy and karyotypic studies, proved negative. The patient was treated with high dose cytarabine (HDAC) regimen and was disease free during the 12-month follow-up.Although extremely rare, awareness of such a presentation is crucial. This case also illustrates that careful histopathological review along with an expanded panel of immunohistochemistry is extremely important for recognizing such cases as a misdiagnosis can lead to unnecessary surgery and inappropriate therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]