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Aim To evaluate whether the presence of amniotic components in the maternal uterine vasculature could be a specific pathological indicator for amniotic fluid embolism ( AFE). Methods Medical records of patients treated between January 2006 and March 2013 were retrospectively examined to identify patients who underwent post-partum hysterectomy or autopsy due to maternal death. Three subjects with AFE with disseminated intravascular coagulation ( DIC)-type post-partum hemorrhage ( PPH), and 13 non- AFE subjects were included in analysis. Histochemical staining using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and alcian blue, and immunohistochemical staining for sialyl- Tn were conducted to detect amniotic components in the maternal uterine vasculature. Results Alcian blue was positive for amniotic components in the uterine vasculature of all subjects with AFE and of several subjects without AFE. Similarly, HE and sialyl- Tn were negative in some AFE subjects and positive in some non- AFE subjects. Conclusions The presence of maternal intravascular fetal material is not a specific indicator for AFE with DIC-type PPH. Therefore, the presence of fetal components in the uterine vasculature is unlikely to be a definitive indicator for AFE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 71-year-old Japanese male patient infected with HCV was diagnosed with thrombocytopenia. Histological examination of the bone marrow aspirate showed numerous lymphoid aggregates with Russell bodies. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometric analysis demonstrated clonal expansion of CD5+ CD23+ B cells. Russell bodies were positive for IgMand lambda immunoglobulin light chain. The patient also underwent gastric biopsy, which revealed Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection. Subsequent eradication of the bacteria resulted in improvement of his thrombocytopenia. The clinical course remained uneventful at 15-month followup, consistent with monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis. The observed clonal expansion with plasmacytic differentiation may have occurred under the influence of HCV with HP infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a case of granulomatous interstitial nephritis (GIN) associated with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). GIN is a rare pathological finding noted in renal biopsy specimens. Furthermore, CLL does not usually cause GIN. In this case, acute renal injury probably resulted from GIN, and urgent dialysis was required, despite sufficient chemotherapy. Immunohistochemical analyses of a biopsy specimen revealed invasion of CD20 + CLL cells, surrounded by reactive T cells, and granuloma formation. Thus, CLL may induce secondary interstitial nephritis as a granulomatous reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]