Kouichi Ohta, Atsuko Sato, Nami Senda, Emi Fukui Department of Ophthalmology, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, JapanCorrespondence: Kouichi OhtaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara, Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, JapanTel/ Fax +81-263-51-2210Email kouchi.ohta@mdu.ac.jpPurpose: We have shown distinct morphological changes of the foveal retina such as horizontally asymmetrical retinal thicknesses and displacements of the fovea toward the optic disc after successful idiopathic macular hole (MH) closure by MH surgery with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling. The purpose of this study was to determine whether these morphological changes will alter the stereoacuity.Setting: This was a non-randomized, retrospective study conducted on patients who underwent MH surgery at the Matsumoto Dental University Hospital, Nagano, Japan.Methods: Forty patients (22 women, 18 men) who underwent MH surgery with ILM peeling for a unilateral MH were studied. At > 6 months after the PPV, the stereoacuity was measured with the Titmus stereotest (TST) and the TNO stereotest (TNO). The relationship between the stereoacuity and the age, MH size, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), foveal retinal thickness, and amount of nasal shift of the retina was determined.Results: The mean postoperative BCVA was − 0.05 ± 0.11 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) units. The percentage of cases with good stereoacuity of ≤ 100 sec of arc was 87.5% with the TST and ≤ 240” was 90% with the TNO test. A better stereoacuity was significantly correlated with a younger age (r = 0.36, P < 0.05; with TNO), smaller MH (r = 0.51, P < 0.001, with TST), better postoperative BCVA (r = 0.43 P < 0.01 with TST; r = 0.49, P < 0.01 with TNO), but not with the parafoveal retinal thickness or degree of nasal shift.Conclusion: The postoperative stereopsis is relatively good in patients with better postoperative BCVA after MH surgery with ILM peeling, even though foveal morphological changes had occurred.Keywords: idiopathic macular hole, internal limiting membrane, optical coherence tomography, stereopsis, vitrectomy