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Stereotyping, gender discrimination, and oppression are still exists in this society. Lesbians, gay, bisexuals and transgender people are a stigmatized group that goes through several trouble while growing up in a heterosexual society mainly regarding the identification of their real identity. In this context, this study investigated the self-perception (Self-esteem & Self-concept) and Social identity among Mainstream heterosexual male and female (N=70) and LGBT (N= 40) adults. This study aims to analyze the Self-esteem, Self-concept and Social identity among heterosexual and LGBT adults. Self-esteem, self-concept and social identity were measured by using three different scales. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, The Personal Self-concept Questionnaire (PSQ) and the Multi Group Ethnic Identity Measures (MEIM) were administered to serve the purpose of the study. The result reveals a significant mean difference among mainstream heterosexual and LGBT adults in self-esteem, self-fulfillment, autonomy and honesty. Self-esteem is found to be low in LGBT adults in comparison to heterosexual adults. In relation to self-perception, identity affirmation also differs significantly among mainstream and LGBT adults and is also found to be low in LGBT adults. These factors may have an influence on the identification of their sexual-identity and also influence their attitude toward homosexuality. Specially in this changing time there is not much that we know about the LGBT individuals, there is a need of more research done on this community. No matter what the sexual identity of the individual it needs to be respected and accepted for more inclusive society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media (SM) platforms are frequently used by pre‐teen (8–12‐year old) consumers for curating their self‐identity, developing social relationships and for learning. This paper identifies the building blocks that drive pre‐teen SM engagement. We use the Gioia method to analyse interview data collected from 32 pre‐teens and parents, in France. Findings show that the primary building blocks are FoMO (Fear of Missing Out) and social inclusive experience, being noticed online, multiplicity, excessive use (without guidelines) and self‐regulation. Identity constructs (self‐identity and social‐identity) are used to explain SM engagement – and to empirically define core conceptual building blocks (aggregate dimensions) that drive SM engagement. We contribute to consumer theory by developing a holistic research framework to examine pre‐teen SM engagement. Self‐identity and social‐identity theories help explain the factors that drive pre‐teen SM engagement and explain push/pull influences of parents and schools in encouraging or discouraging certain behaviour. We build on current research into SM usage, drawing from the fragmented existing literature, to reveal causes of both excessive screen‐time and SM usage among pre‐teen consumers, which may indicate antecedents of future adult behaviour. Practical and regulatory policy issues are considered and addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although ingroup favoritism is a robust effect, there are notable exceptions. For example, the outgroup extremity effect indicates outgroup derogation, whereas the black-sheep effect indicates ingroup derogation. We propose that perceived entitativity, the degree to which a group is viewed as a unified social entity, may help explain ingroup derogation. Negative ingroup members from high perceived entitativity groups may pose a meaningful threat to the perceiver's social identity that can be alleviated by denigrating the target (i.e., the black-sheep effect). Participants evaluated high or low quality essays attributed to ingroup and outgroup members. Participants did not differentiate based on ingroup/outgroup membership for low perceived entitativity groups. However, when rating high perceived entitativity groups, ingroup extremity emerged. These results confirm and provide explanations for ingroup denigration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social science research can play a valuable role in enabling people to understand how their personal predicaments relate to the broader structures and historical circumstances in which they arise. This was argued by Wright Mills (1970, originally 1959) with his concept of the sociological imagination, a notion of considerable relevance to the identity issues which arise in relation to organizational involvement. Using a rare combination of ethnographic, autobiographical and interview research material, a close examination is made of two managers' identity work and the part played in this by their involvement in one specific organization in particular structural and historical circumstances. In the course of carrying out this study the concept of 'identity work' has been developed and refined. This incorporates a clear analytical distinction between internal personal 'self-identities' and external discursive 'social-identities' with social- identities being seen as a link or bridge between socially available discourses and self-identities. 'Managerial identities' take their place among the multiplicity of social-identities to which any particular manager may relate in both their 'inward facing' and their 'outward facing' identity work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]