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During the spring of 2003, gall symptoms on the roots and crowns of young raspberry plants cv. Vilamette were observed near Valjevo. Phytopathogenic bacteria were isolated from diseased plant samples. Based on the pathogenic, morphological, differential biochemical and physiological characteristics, the isolated strains were identified as tumorigenic Agrobacterium radiobacter (biovar 1 Agrobacterium). In order to confirm the identity of isolated strains by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers complementary to tms2 gene located on the Ti plasmid were used. In the first PCR protocol using a tms2F1 + tms2R2 primer pair, 617 bp products specific for tumorigenic Agrobacterium strains were amplified. The second PCR protocol, using a tms2F1 + tms2B primer pair, amplified the expected 458 bp products. On the basis of multiplex PCR with primers complementary to chromosomal gene coding for 23S rRNA, the isolated strains were classified as biovar 1 Agrobacterium (A. radiobacter). This is the first report of tumorigenic A. radiobacter on raspberry in Serbia. Tokom proleća 2003. godine, zapaženi su tumori na korenu i korenovom vratu mladih biljaka maline sorte Vilamette u okolini Valjeva. Iz obolelih uzoraka izolovane su fitopatogene bakterije. Proučavanjem patogenih, morfoloških i diferencijalnih biohemijsko-fizioloških karakteristika izolovanih sojeva, utvrđeno je da proučavani sojevi pripadaju bakteriji Agrobacterium radiobacter (biovar 1). U cilju potvrde identiteta izolovanih sojeva lančanom reakcijom polimeraze (PCR), korišćeni su prajmeri komplementarni tms2 genu lociranom na Ti plazmidu. U prvoj PCR reakciji izvedenoj korišćenjem tms2F1 + tms2R2 para prajmera, detektovani su fragmenti nukleinske kiseline veličine 617 baznih parova (bp), specifični za tumorogene sojeve A. tumefaciens. U drugoj PCR reakciji korišćenjem para prajmera tms2F1 i tms2B su amplifikovani PCR produkti očekivane veličine 458 bp, karakteristični za ovu bakteriju. Na osnovu multiplex PCR reakcije korišćenjem prajmera komplementarnih na hromozomalni gen koji kodira 23S rRNA sojevi izolovani iz tumora na korenu maline svrstani su u biovar 1 Agrobacterium (A. radiobacter). Ovo je prvi nalaz ove bakterije na malini u Srbiji.

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum coccodes, and Colletotrichum dematium are the four main species of Colletotrichum that cause tomato anthracnose. In Serbia, the occurrence of anthracnose on tomato fruit has been recorded during the last several years. Typical fruit symptoms include dark, sunken, and circular lesion with orange conidial masses. Pathogen isolates were obtained from a diseased tomato fruits, on PDA medium forming a white to gray colonies. The cultures developed black acervuli around the center of the colony. Conidia were hyaline, aseptate, and fusiform or rarely cylindrical. Appressoria were smooth, simple, clavate to ovate, and varied from light to dark brown. Pathogenicity tests with representative isolates were conducted on symptomless, detached tomato fruits. All tested isolates caused anthracnose lesions on tomato fruit after 7 days of incubation. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by reisolation from inoculated tomato fruits. PCR analysis (using species-specific primer pair, CaInt2/ ITS4) of genomic DNA from tomato isolates resulted in an amplification product of 490 bp, specific for C. acutatum, further confirming the identity of the pathogen. Based on morphological and molecular characteristics, the isolates from tomato fruit were determined as C. acutatum. Četiri glavna prouzrokovača antraknoze paradajza iz roda Colletotrichum su: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum coccodes i Colletotrichum dematium. U Srbiji je tokom poslednjih godina zabeležena pojava antraknoze ploda paradajza. Tipični simptomi na plodu su tamne, ulegnute, kružne lezije sa masom narandžastih konidija. Sa obolelih plodova paradajza dobijeni su izolati patogena koji na KDA podlozi obrazuju bele do sivo obojene kolonije. Acervuli crne boje formiraju se u kulturi oko centra kolonije. Konidije su hialinske, neseptirane, fusiformne ili ređe cilindrične. Apresorije su glatke, jednostavne, okruglastog ili oblika izdužene palice, svetlo do tamno braon boje. Test patogenosti je obavljen sa reprezentativnim izolatima, na odabranim, zdravim plodovima. Svi ispitivani izolati prouzrokuju antraknozne lezije na plodu paradajza 7 dana nakon inokulacije. Kohovi postulati su zadovoljeni reizolacijama sa inokulisanih plodova paradajza. PCR analiza (korišćenjem para prajmera specifičinog za vrstu, CaInt2/ITS4) iz genoma DNA izolata sa paradajza rezultirala je amplifikacijom produkta od 490 bp, specifičnog za C. acutatum, što je potvrdilo identitet patogena. Na osnovu morfoloških i molekularnih karakteristika izolati sa ploda paradajza determinisani su kao C. acutatum.

The widespread of phytoplasmasa of the grapevine in Serbia was investigated from 2003 to 2005. A total of 505 vineyards were examined in 25 vineyard areals. According to results geographical distribution of phytoplasmas in vineyards in Serbia was obtained, as wel as the disease severity and types of pathogens that were identified. Phytoplasmas presence has been proved in 22 of 25 vineyards areals, and in 354 of 505 observed vineyards. Incidenece of phytoplasmas were registred in the vines of all varieties observed and tested, but in unequal severity. High level of infection of vine (in some cases over 50%) was found in vineyard areals of Sićevo, Župa, Trstenik and Negotin. On the other hand, phytoplasmas were not found or not prowed in areals of Pocersko, Prokupačko and Ražanjsko. The high severity were detected at vine cvs. Plovdina (90%) and Chardonnay (67%), medium at cvs. Župski bojadiser (34%), Frankovka (29%) and Smederevka (27%), low at Black Burgundy (20%), Rhine Riesling (18%) and Italian Riesling (9%), and in trace at cv. Prokupac (4%). The presence of two phytoplasmas were proved by PCR: 'Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis' (Flavescence dorée - FD) and 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' (Bois noir - BN). It was proved that 'Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis' in Serbia belongs to 16SrV-C strain. Dat je prikaz rasprostranjenosti fitoplazmoza na vinovoj lozi u Srbiji za period od 2003. do 2005. godine. Ukupno je pregledano 505 vinograda u 25 vinogorja. Rezultati pokazuju raširenost fitoplazmoza po vinogorjima Srbije, zatim zaraženost najzanačajnijih sorata vinove loze, kao i vrste patogena koji su identifikovani. Prisustvo fitoplazmoza dokazano je u 22 od 25 vinogorja, odnosno u 354 od 505 osmatrana vinograda. Pojava fitoplazmoznih oboljenja registrovana je na čokotima svih sorata obuhvaćenih u ovom radu, ali u nejednakom intezitetu. Visok stepen zaraze (pojedini slučajevi preko 50%) utvrđen je u Sićevačkom, Župskom, Trsteničkom i Negotinskom vinogorju. S druge strane, fitoplazmozna oboljenja na vinovoj lozi nisu nađena, odnosno dokazana u Pocerskom, Prokupačkom i Ražanjskom vinogorju. Jak stepen zaraze utvrđen je na sortama Plovdina (90%) i Šardone (67%), srednji na Župskom bojadiseru (34%), Frankovki (29%) i Smederevki (27%), osetna zaraza dokazana je na Crnom burgundcu (20%), Rajnskom (18%) i Italijanskom rizlingu (9%) a zaraza u tragovima otkrivena je na sorti Prokupac (4%). Prisustvo fitoplazmi u čokotima sa simptomima fitoplazmoznih oboljenja dokazana je molekularnobiološkim metodama (PCR). Utvrđeno je prisustvo dve fitoplazme i to 'Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis' prouzrokovač zlatastog žutila (Flavescence dorée - FD) i 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' prouzrokovač crnila drveta (Bois noir - BN). 'Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis' dokazana na vinovoj lozi u nas pripada 16SrV-C soju.