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Objective . To evaluate the impact of treatment for genital cancer on quality of life and body image to determine patients' therapy-related needs for quality improvement of medical care before and after surgery. Methods . We started to evaluate women with cervical cancer planned for pelvic exenteration in 1993 and integrated women planned for a Wertheim–Meigs surgery in 1995 before surgery, 4 and 12 months after surgery. Thanks to funding since 1999, more than 400 patients with a diagnosis of genital ( n = 185) or breast ( n = 217) cancer participated in this prospective study until July 2003. In this paper, we will focus on n = 129 women with cervical cancer. The assessment protocol included objective questionnaires for quality of life and body image (CARES; EORTC; Body image by Strauss and Appelt). The evaluation of quality of life incorporated five dimensions: physical and psychosocial health, marital and sexual status, and medical interaction. Results . Before surgery, women with a Wertheim's procedure indicated significantly less problems concerning the quality of life global score ( P = 0.002) and several subscales compared to women with a pelvic exenteration. After surgery, both groups indicated their sexual problems to be the greatest restriction in terms of quality of life, especially in women with non-reconstructive surgery as well as in women with adjuvant radio and/or chemotherapy. Concerning body image, attractiveness or self-confidence was significantly reduced postoperatively compared to the preoperative status for both groups ( P = 0.000), and also worsened with the extent of treatment. Worries about the patient's family persisted over time and represented the most important item about all questions concerning quality of life as well as the fear of recurrence. Conclusion . This on-going study demonstrates the interferences between the treatment modality and the patient's quality of life, especially about sexuality and body image. Our results suggest not only to provide reconstructive surgery if possible, but also to integrate psychosocial information aspects on future quality of life outcome before surgery as well as to offer psychosocial support related to the extent of treatment modality after surgery.