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1. Genome-wide association study of intracranial aneurysms identifies 17 risk loci and genetic overlap with clinical risk factors.

Author: Bakker MK, van der Spek RAA, van Rheenen W, Morel S, Bourcier R, Hostettler IC, Alg VS, van Eijk KR, Koido M, Akiyama M, Terao C, Matsuda K, Walters RG, Lin K, Li L, Millwood IY, Chen Z, Rouleau GA, Zhou S, Rannikmäe K, Sudlow CLM, Houlden H, van den Berg LH, Dina C, Naggara O, Gentric JC, Shotar E, Eugène F, Desal H, Winsvold BS, Børte S, Johnsen MB, Brumpton BM, Sandvei MS, Willer CJ, Hveem K, Zwart JA, Verschuren WMM, Friedrich CM, Hirsch S, Schilling S, Dauvillier J, Martin O, Jones GT, Bown MJ, Ko NU, Kim H, Coleman JRI, Breen G, Zaroff JG, Klijn CJM, Malik R, Dichgans M, Sargurupremraj M, Tatlisumak T, Amouyel P, Debette S, Rinkel GJE, Worrall BB, Pera J, Slowik A, Gaál-Paavola EI, Niemelä M, Jääskeläinen JE, von Und Zu Fraunberg M, Lindgren A, Broderick JP, Werring DJ, Woo D, Redon R, Bijlenga P, Kamatani Y, Veldink JH, and Ruigrok YM
Subjects: Asian People genetics, Blood Pressure genetics, Case-Control Studies, Endothelial Cells pathology, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Hypertension physiopathology, Intracranial Aneurysm pathology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics, Risk Factors, Smoking adverse effects, White People genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics, Hypertension genetics, Intracranial Aneurysm genetics, Smoking genetics, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage genetics, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage pathology
Abstract: Rupture of an intracranial aneurysm leads to subarachnoid hemorrhage, a severe type of stroke. To discover new risk loci and the genetic architecture of intracranial aneurysms, we performed a cross-ancestry, genome-wide association study in 10,754 cases and 306,882 controls of European and East Asian ancestry. We discovered 17 risk loci, 11 of which are new. We reveal a polygenic architecture and explain over half of the disease heritability. We show a high genetic correlation between ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms. We also find a suggestive role for endothelial cells by using gene mapping and heritability enrichment. Drug-target enrichment shows pleiotropy between intracranial aneurysms and antiepileptic and sex hormone drugs, providing insights into intracranial aneurysm pathophysiology. Finally, genetic risks for smoking and high blood pressure, the two main clinical risk factors, play important roles in intracranial aneurysm risk, and drive most of the genetic correlation between intracranial aneurysms and other cerebrovascular traits.
Published: 2020
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2. Increased cardiovascular risk factors in different rheumatic diseases compared with the general population.

Author: Meek IL, Picavet HS, Vonkeman HE, Verschuren WM, and van de Laar MA
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Comorbidity, Female, Humans, Hypertension complications, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands epidemiology, Overweight complications, Prevalence, Rheumatic Diseases complications, Risk Factors, Smoking, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Cardiovascular Diseases etiology, Hypertension epidemiology, Overweight epidemiology, Rheumatic Diseases epidemiology
Abstract: Objectives: To study the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among patients attending a rheumatology outpatient clinic in comparison with the general population., Methods: Cross-sectional comparison between a rheumatic outpatient cohort of consecutive patients (n = 1233) between 36 and 75 years of age attending the Arthritis Center Twente (ACT) in the year 2009: RA (n = 546), gout (n = 129), OA (n = 168), CTD (n = 85), PMR (n = 91) and chronic localized or generalized pain syndromes (CPSs; n = 214) and a random sample from a long-lasting population-based health study in the Netherlands (n = 4523). The main outcome measures were hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg and/or the use of antihypertensive medication), abnormal cholesterol profile (total cholesterol ≥ 6.5 mmol/l, and/or high-density lipoprotein < 0.9 mmol/l and/or use of lipid lowering medication), overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2)), obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2)) and cigarette smoking habits (self-reported current smoking)., Results: Compared with the general population, patients with rheumatic diseases have a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension (P(ACT) = 68%, P(general) = 57%), being overweight (P(ACT) = 72%, P(general) = 62%), obesity (P(ACT) = 30%, P(general) = 17%) and cigarette smoking (P(ACT) = 26%, P(general) = 21%). The worst risk profile was found in gout patients, with higher prevalence of all cardiovascular risk factors studied., Conclusion: Lifestyle-associated potentially modifiable cardiovascular risk factors are over-represented along the whole spectrum of chronic rheumatic diseases, and not only in RA, as suggested by preceding studies.
Published: 2013
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3. Sources of dietary protein and risk of hypertension in a general Dutch population.

Author: Altorf-van der Kuil W, Engberink MF, Geleijnse JM, Boer JM, and Monique Verschuren WM
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Animals, Blood Pressure, Cohort Studies, Dietary Proteins analysis, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands epidemiology, Odds Ratio, Proportional Hazards Models, Risk Factors, Dairy Products analysis, Dietary Proteins classification, Edible Grain chemistry, Hypertension epidemiology, Meat analysis
Abstract: Evidence suggests a small beneficial effect of dietary protein on blood pressure (BP), especially for plant protein. We examined the relationship between several types of dietary protein (total, plant, animal, dairy, meat and grain) and the risk of hypertension in a general population of 3588 Dutch adults, aged 26-65 years, who were free of hypertension at baseline. Measurements were done at baseline and after 5 and 10 years of follow-up. Hazard ratios (HR), with 95 % CI, for incident hypertension were obtained in tertiles of energy-adjusted protein, using time-dependent Cox regression models. Models were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, education, smoking, baseline systolic BP, dietary confounders and protein from other sources (if applicable). Mean BP was 118/76 mmHg at baseline. Protein intake was 85 (sd 22) g/d (approximately 15 % of energy) with 62 % originating from animal sources. The main sources of protein were dairy products (28 %), meat (24 %) and grain (19 %). During the follow-up, 1568 new cases of hypertension were identified (44 % of the participants). Energy-adjusted intake of total protein, plant protein and animal protein was not significantly associated with hypertension risk (all HR approximately 1·00, P>0·60). Protein from grain showed a significant inverse association with incident hypertension, with a HR of 0·85 (95 % CI 0·73, 1·00, P trend = 0·04) for the upper tertile ( ≥ 18 g/d) v. the lower tertile ( < 14 g/d), whereas dairy protein and meat protein were not associated with incident hypertension. In conclusion, higher intake of grain protein may contribute to the prevention of hypertension, which warrants confirmation in other population-based studies and randomised controlled trials.
Published: 2012
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4. Co-occurrence of metabolic factors and the risk of coronary heart disease: a prospective cohort study in the Netherlands.

Author: Merry AH, Erkens PM, Boer JM, Schouten LJ, Feskens EJ, Verschuren WM, Gorgels AP, and van den Brandt PA
Subjects: Adult, Angina, Unstable epidemiology, Angina, Unstable metabolism, Cholesterol blood, Coronary Disease metabolism, Diabetes Complications metabolism, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hypertension metabolism, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction epidemiology, Myocardial Infarction metabolism, Netherlands epidemiology, Obesity metabolism, Prevalence, Registries statistics & numerical data, Risk Factors, Coronary Disease epidemiology, Diabetes Complications epidemiology, Hypertension epidemiology, Obesity epidemiology
Abstract: Background: Prevalence of metabolic factors such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity, HDL and total cholesterol that are associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) is increasing worldwide. However, less is known about combinations of these factors that are associated with the highest CHD risk. Therefore, the associations between combinations of these metabolic factors and the incidence of CHD, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and unstable angina pectoris (UAP) were studied in the Cardiovascular Registry Maastricht (CAREMA) cohort study., Methods: The CAREMA study consists of 21,148 participants, born in 1927-1977 and randomly sampled from Maastricht and surrounding communities in 1987-1997. At baseline, all participants completed a self-administered questionnaire. Height, weight, blood pressure, total and HDL cholesterol levels were measured during a physical examination. After follow-up of maximally 16.9 years, 780 CHD, 437 AMI, and 286 UAP cases of first occurrence were registered. Incidence rate ratios (RRs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, smoking, and alcohol consumption., Results: Compared with subjects without any of the metabolic factors, the RRs of CHD were 2.37, 4.34, and 7.36 for subjects with 1, 2, or ≥ 3 metabolic factors, respectively. These RRs were higher for AMI but lower for UAP. Especially combinations of metabolic factors that included diabetes or both a low HDL (≤ 0.9 mmol/L in men; ≤ 1.0 mmol/L in women) and high total cholesterol (≥ 6.21 mmol/L) were associated with increased risks., Conclusion: The risk of total CHD, AMI, and UAP varies considerably between different combinations of metabolic factors., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2012
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5. Awareness of hypertension: will it bring about a healthy lifestyle?

Author: Scheltens T, Beulens JW, Verschuren WM, Boer JM, Hoes AW, Grobbee DE, and Bots ML
Subjects: Blood Pressure, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Hypertension diet therapy, Male, Middle Aged, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Hypertension psychology, Life Style, Patient Compliance statistics & numerical data
Abstract: Guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention recommend a non-pharmacological approach to reduce cardiovascular risk in those with elevated blood pressure. We assessed guideline adherence in hypertensives. This study was performed in the European Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-NL cohort, consisting of 40,011 subjects. From 1993 to 1997, participants completed questionnaires (disease history, lifestyle and diet), a physical examination was performed and blood samples were drawn. Differences in proportions of guideline targets met between aware and unaware hypertensives were studied. Of 8779 hypertensive subjects, 90% was aware of their hypertension. They more often adhered to guidelines than unaware hypertensive subjects with respect to intake of polyunsaturated fat:saturated fat (38.6% vs 33.2%), fibres (40.6% vs 34.2%), body mass index <27 kg m(-2) (53.8% vs 46.5%) and alcohol (79.7% vs 72.6%). Despite statistical significance, the magnitude of these differences was small. Our study suggests that prevalence of a healthy lifestyle according to the recommendations in guidelines is slightly better in subjects aware of hypertension. There seems to be ample room for improvement in implementing the guidelines. Probably, patient tailored interventions and a multisiciplinary and multimodality approach can support this improvement.
Published: 2010
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6. Alcohol consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease among hypertensive women.

Author: Bos S, Grobbee DE, Boer JM, Verschuren WM, and Beulens JW
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Alcohol Drinking epidemiology, Beer adverse effects, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Cardiovascular Diseases prevention & control, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Guidelines as Topic, Humans, Hypertension epidemiology, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Netherlands epidemiology, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Time Factors, Wine adverse effects, Alcohol Drinking adverse effects, Alcoholic Beverages adverse effects, Cardiovascular Diseases etiology, Hypertension complications, Women's Health
Abstract: Aim: This study investigated the relation between alcohol consumption and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among 10 530-hypertensive women from the EPIC-NL cohort., Methods and Results: Alcohol consumption was assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire and participants were followed for occurrence of CVD. During 9.4 years follow-up, we documented 580 coronary heart disease (CHD) events and 254 strokes, 165 of which were ischemic. An inverse association (Ptrend=0.009) between alcohol consumption and risk of CHD was observed with a multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio of 0.72 (95% confidence interval: 0.52-1.01) for those consuming 70-139.9 g alcohol/week compared to lifetime abstainers. Of different beverages, only red wine consumption was associated with a reduced risk of CHD. A U-shaped relation (P=0.08) was observed for total stroke with a hazard ratio of 0.65 (0.44-0.95) for consuming 5-69.9 g alcohol/week compared with lifetime abstainers. Similar results were observed for ischemic stroke with a hazard ratio of 0.56 (0.35-0.89) for consuming of 5-69.9 g alcohol/week., Conclusion: We conclude that moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a reduced risk of CHD among hypertensive women. Light alcohol consumption tended to be related to a lower risk of stroke. Current guidelines for alcohol consumption in the general population also apply to hypertensive women.
Published: 2010
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7. Dairy intake, blood pressure, and incident hypertension in a general Dutch population.

Author: Engberink MF, Geleijnse JM, de Jong N, Smit HA, Kok FJ, and Verschuren WM
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Diet Surveys, Dietary Fats, Energy Intake, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands epidemiology, Young Adult, Blood Pressure physiology, Dairy Products, Hypertension epidemiology
Abstract: Diet and lifestyle are important for maintaining a healthy blood pressure (BP). The role of dairy in the prevention of hypertension, however, is not yet clear. We studied the relation of dairy intake with BP in 21,553 Dutch participants aged 20-65 y who did not use antihypertensive medication. In addition, the risk of hypertension was examined in 3454 of these participants with a 5-y follow-up. Dairy consumption was assessed at baseline (1993-1997) using a semiquantitative FFQ that included 178 foods and beverages. Baseline BP and odds ratios (OR) (95% CI) for incident hypertension were calculated in categories of energy-adjusted dairy intake with adjustment for age, sex, socioeconomic status, BMI, smoking, alcohol use, and dietary intakes. Participants had a median intake of 344 g/d (approximately 2.3 servings) for total dairy and 174 g/d (approximately 1.2 servings) for low-fat dairy. Mean BP was 120/76 mm Hg. Intake of total dairy, specific dairy groups (i.e. low-fat, high-fat, fermented) and dairy products (i.e. cheese, yogurt) were not consistently related to BP. Of 3454 participants who were followed, 713 developed hypertension. The risk of hypertension tended to be inversely related to low-fat dairy intake, with multivariate OR (95% CI) of 1.00, 0.78 (0.61, 1.00), 0.81 (0.63, 1.03), and 0.82 (0.64, 1.06; P-trend: 0.24) in consecutive quartiles. We conclude that variations in BP in a general middle-aged Dutch population cannot be explained by overall dairy intake. A beneficial effect of low-fat dairy on risk of hypertension, however, cannot be excluded, which warrants further investigation in prospective population-based studies.
Published: 2009
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8. Genetic variation in the renin-angiotensin system modifies the beneficial effects of ACE inhibitors on the risk of diabetes mellitus among hypertensives.

Author: Bozkurt O, Verschuren WM, van Wieren-de Wijer BM, Knol MJ, de Boer A, Grobbee DE, Geerlings MI, Heerdink ER, and Klungel OH
Subjects: Alleles, Angiotensinogen antagonists & inhibitors, Angiotensinogen genetics, Diabetes Mellitus epidemiology, Diabetes Mellitus etiology, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genotype, Humans, Hypertension complications, Hypertension genetics, Incidence, Linkage Disequilibrium, Male, Middle Aged, Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 drug effects, Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 genetics, Renin-Angiotensin System drug effects, Retrospective Studies, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors therapeutic use, DNA genetics, Diabetes Mellitus prevention & control, Genetic Variation, Hypertension drug therapy, Renin-Angiotensin System genetics
Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess whether the association between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor use and the incidence of treated diabetes mellitus is modified by genetic polymorphisms in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS).In a nested case-control study, treated hypertensive patients were genotyped for ACE (insertion (I)/deletion (D)), angiotensinogen (AGT; M235T) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1; A1166C). Cases of newly treated diabetes were identified based on pharmacy records and controls were not yet drug treated for diabetes (case:control ratio 1:10). Self-administered questionnaires and physical examinations were used to assess risk factors for diabetes mellitus. Logistic regression was used to calculate the relative risk of diabetes associated with ACE inhibitor use relative to other antihypertensive treatment, stratified by the RAS genotypes. Among 205 cases and 2050 controls, homozygous 1166A carriers of the AGTR1 gene had a significantly decreased incidence of diabetes associated with current use of ACE inhibitors (odds ratio, OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.26-0.84), whereas this incidence was increased among 1166C allele carriers (OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 0.81-2.14). The interaction OR was 3.21 (95% CI: 1.53-6.75). ACE I allele carriers had a significantly reduced incidence of diabetes associated with ACE inhibitors use (OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.41-0.98), whereas DD homozygotes had no reduced risk (OR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.46-1.96). The risk of diabetes associated with ACE inhibitor use was not significantly modified by the AGT-M235T polymorphism. Treatment with ACE inhibitors in hypertensive subjects significantly reduces the occurrence of diabetes in homozygous 1166A carriers of the AGTR1 gene and carriers of the ACE I allele, but not in 1166C allele carriers of the AGTR1 gene and in homozygous ACE D allele carriers.
Published: 2008
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9. Hypertension risk in idiopathic hyperCKemia.

Author: Brewster LM, van Bree S, Reijneveld JC, Notermans NC, Verschuren WM, Clark JF, van Montfrans GA, and de Visser M
Subjects: Adenosine Triphosphate biosynthesis, Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Arteries metabolism, Arteries physiopathology, Case-Control Studies, Comorbidity, Energy Metabolism physiology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Muscle, Skeletal metabolism, Muscle, Skeletal physiopathology, Muscle, Smooth, Vascular metabolism, Muscle, Smooth, Vascular physiopathology, Netherlands epidemiology, Physical Fitness physiology, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Sex Characteristics, Sex Distribution, Up-Regulation physiology, Creatine Kinase blood, Hypertension blood, Hypertension epidemiology, Metabolic Diseases blood, Metabolic Diseases epidemiology
Abstract: Patients with idiopathic hyperCKemia are usually reassured and discharged. However, these subjects may have increased hypertension risk, based on data from our population study, which showed that the population tertile with the highest serum creatine kinase activities had the highest systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels. Therefore, we assessed whether subjects with idiopathic hyperCKemia have greater occurrence of hypertension than controls. We included 46 participants aged 18 to 67 years, diagnosed with idiopathic hyperCKemia at the departments of Neurology of the Universities of Amsterdam and Utrecht, The Netherlands. We found that 48% of the subjects with idiopathic hyperCKemia were hypertensive, as compared to 19% of the random population controls (n = 22,612, aged 20 to 65 years), an odds ratio of 3.9 (95 % CI, 2.2 to 6.9) before, and 2.0 (1.1 to 3.8) after adjustment for sex, age, and body mass index. In accord with our previous finding of an association between creatine kinase and blood pressure in the general population, the data reported here suggest that subjects with idiopathic hyperCKemia have greater hypertension risk than controls. This may be due to relatively high tissue creatine kinase activity, resulting in greater ATP buffer capacity to create and sustain high blood pressure levels.Larger, prospective studies are needed to further assess this association, but as active case finding is important in the diagnosis of hypertension, subjects with idiopathic hyperCKemia should be screened and monitored for the presence of hypertension.
Published: 2008
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10. Coffee intake and incidence of hypertension.

Author: Uiterwaal CS, Verschuren WM, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Ocké M, Geleijnse JM, Boshuizen HC, Peeters PH, Feskens EJ, and Grobbee DE
Subjects: Blood Pressure, Body Height, Body Weight, Cohort Studies, Diet, Female, Humans, Male, Sex Characteristics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Coffee adverse effects, Hypertension epidemiology
Abstract: Background: The long-term longitudinal evidence for a relation between coffee intake and hypertension is relatively scarce., Objective: The objective was to assess whether coffee intake is associated with the incidence of hypertension., Design: This study was conducted on a cohort of 2985 men and 3383 women who had a baseline visit and follow-up visits after 6 and 11 y. Baseline coffee intake was ascertained with questionnaires and categorized into 0, >0-3, >3-6, and >6 cups/d. Hypertension was defined as a mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) >or=140 mm Hg over both follow-up measurements, a mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) >or=90 mm Hg over both follow-up measurements, or the use of antihypertensive medication at any follow-up measurement., Results: Coffee abstainers at baseline had a lower risk of hypertension than did those with a coffee intake of >0-3 cups/d [odds ratio (OR): 0.54; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.92]. Women who drank >6 cups/d had a lower risk than did women who drank >0-3 cups/d (OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.98). Subjects aged >or=39 y at baseline had 0.35 mm Hg (95% CI: -0.59, -0.11 mm Hg) lower SBP per cup intake/d and 0.11 mm Hg lower DBP (95% CI: -0.26, 0.03 mm Hg) than did those aged <39 y at baseline, although the difference in DBP was not statistically significant., Conclusions: Coffee abstinence is associated with a lower hypertension risk than is low coffee consumption. An inverse U-shaped relation between coffee intake and risk of hypertension was observed in the women.
Published: 2007
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11. Interactions between five candidate genes and antihypertensive drug therapy on blood pressure.

Author: Schelleman H, Stricker BH, Verschuren WM, de Boer A, Kroon AA, de Leeuw PW, Kromhout D, and Klungel OH
Subjects: Angiotensinogen genetics, Antihypertensive Agents pharmacokinetics, Antihypertensive Agents pharmacology, Blood Pressure genetics, Calmodulin-Binding Proteins genetics, Cohort Studies, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Genotype, Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins genetics, Humans, Hypertension genetics, Male, Middle Aged, Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A genetics, Prospective Studies, Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 genetics, Antihypertensive Agents therapeutic use, Blood Pressure drug effects, Hypertension drug therapy, Polymorphism, Genetic
Abstract: Despite the availability of effective antihypertensive drugs, there is a large variation in response to these drugs. This study investigates whether polymorphisms in the angiotensin converting enzyme (I/D), angiotensinogen (M235T), alpha-adducin (G460W), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (1166A/C), or G protein beta(3)-subunit (825C/T) gene modify the mean difference in blood pressure levels among diuretics, beta-blockers, or ACE-inhibitors users. Data were used from the Doetinchem Cohort Study, and blood pressure data were collected from GPs (1987-1997). A marginal generalized linear model (GEE) was used to assess the gene-drug interaction on the mean difference in systolic/diastolic blood pressure. In total, 625 hypertensive individuals were included with a total of 5262 measurements of blood pressure. Only the interaction between diuretic use and the GNB3 825C/T polymorphism was significant (C allele versus TT systolic blood pressure (SBP): 4.33 mmHg [95% CI: 0.14-8.54]). Thus, the mean SBP level among diuretic users may be modified by the GNB3 825C/T polymorphism.
Published: 2006
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12. Prevalences of hyperhomocysteinemia, unfavorable cholesterol profile and hypertension in European populations.

Author: de Bree A, van der Put NM, Mennen LI, Verschuren WM, Blom HJ, Galan P, Bates CJ, Herrmann W, Ullrich M, Dierkes J, Westphal S, Bouter LM, Heine RJ, Stehouwer CD, Dekker JM, Nijpels GN, Araújo F, Cunha-Ribeiro LM, Refsum H, Vollset S, Nygard O, and Ueland PM
Subjects: Adult, Age Factors, Blood Pressure physiology, Cholesterol blood, Cross-Sectional Studies, Europe epidemiology, Female, Homocysteine blood, Humans, Hypercholesterolemia blood, Hyperhomocysteinemia blood, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Cardiovascular Diseases blood, Hypercholesterolemia epidemiology, Hyperhomocysteinemia epidemiology, Hypertension epidemiology
Abstract: Background: Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCY) is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). HHCY may interact with hypertension (HTEN) and an unfavorable cholesterol profile (UNFAVCHOL) to alter the risk of CVD., Objectives: To estimate the prevalences of HHCY (1) isolated and (2) in combination with UNFAVCHOL and/or HTEN in different age categories. To provide information that may improve the screening and treatment of subjects at risk of CVD., Design: Cross-sectional data on 12,541 men and 12,948 women aged 20 + y were used from nine European studies., Results: The prevalence of isolated HHCY was 8.5% in subjects aged 20-40 y, 4.7% in subjects aged 40-60 y and 5.9% in subjects aged over 60 y. When combining all age groups, 5.3% had isolated HHCY and an additional 5.6% had HHCY in combination with HTEN and/or UNFAVCHOL. The combinations of risk factors increased with age and, except for HHCY&UNFAVCHOL, were more prevalent than predicted by chance. Of the young subjects (20-40 y), 24% suffered from one or more of the investigated CVD risk factors. This figure was 75.1% in the old subjects (60+ years)., Conclusions: A substantial number of subjects in selected European populations have HHCY (10.9%). In half of these cases, subjects suffer also from other CVD risk factors like UNFAVCHOL and HTEN. Older people in particular tend to have more than one risk factor. Healthcare professionals should be aware of this when screening and treating older people not only for the conventional CVD risk factors like UNFAVCHOL and HTEN but also HHCY, as this can easily be reduced through increased intake of folic acid via supplement or foods fortified with folic acid.
Published: 2005
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13. Prevalence and determinants of undertreatment of hypertension in the Netherlands.

Author: Schelleman H, Klungel OH, Kromhout D, de Boer A, Stricker BH, and Verschuren WM
Subjects: Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Hypertension physiopathology, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Netherlands epidemiology, Prevalence, Treatment Outcome, Antihypertensive Agents therapeutic use, Hypertension drug therapy, Hypertension epidemiology
Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, treatment, and control of hypertension, and the determinants of undertreatment in the Dutch population. The study design was cross-sectional. A population-based survey on cardiovascular disease risk factors in the Netherlands from 1996 to 2002 was the setting of the study. A total of 10 820 men and women, aged 30-59 years, were included in the study. The main outcome measures of the study were: Prevalence of hypertension, treatment, and control of hypertension and determinants of undertreatment of hypertension. Hypertension was defined as: systolic blood pressure (SBP) > or =140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) > or =90 mmHg, and/or the use of antihypertensive medication. Treated and controlled hypertension was defined as SBP <140 mmHg and DBP <90 mmHg. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the determinants of undertreatment. The prevalence of hypertension in men was 21.4% and in women 14.9%, and 17.9% of the hypertensive men and 38.5% of the hypertensive women were receiving antihypertensive medication. Of the untreated hypertensives, 21.9% of the men and 13.6% of the women were eligible for treatment with antihypertensive medication according to Dutch guidelines. Female gender and the use of cholesterol-lowering medication were associated with an increased chance of being treated. Subjects who were physically active, on a low salt diet, and current smokers had an increased chance of being untreated. Taking cholesterol-lowering medication and no asthma or allergy were factors associated with better control of blood pressure. In conclusion, a considerable proportion of hypertensives were untreated and uncontrolled. Therefore, the detection and control of hypertension in the Netherlands needs to improve. Several groups of hypertensives were identified that need additional care and attention.
Published: 2004
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14. Smoking, blood pressure and serum cholesterol-effects on 20-year mortality.

Author: Houterman S, Verschuren WM, and Kromhout D
Subjects: Adult, Cause of Death, Cohort Studies, Female, Heart Diseases complications, Heart Diseases mortality, Humans, Hypertension complications, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands epidemiology, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Cholesterol blood, Hypertension epidemiology, Mortality, Smoking adverse effects
Abstract: Background: To study the impact of smoking and blood pressure conditional on serum total cholesterol levels, we investigated the 20-year mortality risk associated with high systolic blood pressure (> or =140 mmHg) and smoking, at low (<5.2 mmol/Liter), medium (5.2-6.49mmol/Liter), and high (> or =6.5 mmol/Liter) serum total cholesterol levels., Methods: The study population comprised a cohort of 50,000 men and women age 30-54 years, examined between 1974 and 1980, in five Dutch towns. The duration of follow-up averaged 20 years. Age-adjusted relative risks (RRs) for mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD), cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and all causes were estimated, for six risk profiles (based on levels of total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and smoking), using Cox proportional hazards analysis., Results: Given a low cholesterol level, smoking had a larger impact than elevated blood pressure on CHD, CVD and all-cause mortality. The combination of elevated blood pressure and smoking among persons with low cholesterol was associated with RRs of 3.0 for CHD, 6.0 for CVD and 4.1 for all-cause mortality in men, and 2.3, 3.6 and 2.6, respectively, in women. Among persons with high cholesterol, the combination of high blood pressure and smoking was associated with RRs of 9.7 for CHD, 13.9 for CVD and 5.7 for all-cause mortality in men, and 15.9, 9.3 and 4.3, respectively, in women. For each risk profile, the absolute number of CHD, CVD and total deaths was larger in men than in women., Conclusions: The results demonstrate the potential power of a multifactorial approach to risk factor reduction in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality.
Published: 2003
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15. Trends in blood pressure and the prevalence and treatment of hypertension in young adults in The Netherlands, 1974-1986.

Author: van Leer EM, Verschuren WM, and Kromhout D
Subjects: Adult, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Cardiovascular Diseases etiology, Cohort Studies, Diastole, Female, Humans, Hypertension complications, Hypertension diagnosis, Hypertension prevention & control, Male, Mass Screening, Netherlands epidemiology, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Systole, Blood Pressure, Hypertension epidemiology, Hypertension therapy, Population Surveillance
Abstract: To investigate trends in blood pressure and the prevalence and treatment of hypertension in the Netherlands between 1974 and 1986, data from two screening projects on cardiovascular risk factors were used. Between 1974 and 1980 about 30,000 men and women aged 37-43 were screened. Between 1981-1986 about 80,000 men aged 33-37 were examined. An increase in average systolic blood pressure by 2 mmHg in men in the period 1974-1980 was followed by an insignificant change during the period 1981-1986. Average diastolic blood pressure increased by 4 mmHg between 1974 and 1980 but decreased by the same amount between 1981 and 1986. The prevalence of hypertension in 40-year-old men increased from 12.7% in 1974 to 17.8% in 1980. The prevalence of hypertension in 35-year-old men did not change between 1981 and 1986 and amounted to 9.6%. Treatment of 40-year-old hypertensive men increased from 8% in 1974 to 21% in 1980 and from 9% in 1981 to 13% in 1986 among 35-year-old men. Average systolic blood pressure did not change in 40-year-old women between 1974-1980 but average diastolic blood pressure increased by 2 mmHg during that period. The percentage of hypertensive women was 8.5% and did not change between 1974 and 1980. Also, the percentage of treated hypertensive women did not change and amounted to 28%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Published: 1994
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16. Loci influencing blood pressure identified using a cardiovascular gene-centric array

Author: Ganesh, Santhi K, Tragante, Vinicius, Guo, Wei, Guo, Yiran, Lanktree, Matthew B, Smith, Erin N, Johnson, Toby, Castillo, Berta Almoguera, Barnard, John, Baumert, Jens, Chang, Yen-Pei Christy, Elbers, Clara C, Farrall, Martin, Fischer, Mary E, Franceschini, Nora, Gaunt, Tom R, Gho, Johannes MIH, Gieger, Christian, Gong, Yan, Isaacs, Aaron, Kleber, Marcus E, Leach, Irene Mateo, McDonough, Caitrin W, Meijs, Matthijs FL, Mellander, Olle, Molony, Cliona M, Nolte, Ilja M, Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Price, Tom S, Rajagopalan, Ramakrishnan, Shaffer, Jonathan, Shah, Sonia, Shen, Haiqing, Soranzo, Nicole, van der Most, Peter J, Van Iperen, Erik PA, Van Setten, Jessic A, Vonk, Judith M, Zhang, Li, Beitelshees, Amber L, Berenson, Gerald S, Bhatt, Deepak L, Boer, Jolanda MA, Boerwinkle, Eric, Burkley, Ben, Burt, Amber, Chakravarti, Aravinda, Chen, Wei, Cooper-DeHoff, Rhonda M, Curtis, Sean P, Dreisbach, Albert, Duggan, David, Ehret, Georg B, Fabsitz, Richard R, Fornage, Myriam, Fox, Ervin, Furlong, Clement E, Gansevoort, Ron T, Hofker, Marten H, Hovingh, G Kees, Kirkland, Susan A, Kottke-Marchant, Kandice, Kutlar, Abdullah, LaCroix, Andrea Z, Langaee, Taimour Y, Li, Yun R, Lin, Honghuang, Liu, Kiang, Maiwald, Steffi, Malik, Rainer, Murugesan, Gurunathan, Newton-Cheh, Christopher, O'Connell, Jeffery R, Onland-Moret, N Charlotte, Ouwehand, Willem H, Palmas, Walter, Penninx, Brenda W, Pepine, Carl J, Pettinger, Mary, Polak, Joseph F, Ramachandran, Vasan S, Ranchalis, Jane, Redline, Susan, Ridker, Paul M, Rose, Lynda M, Scharnag, Hubert, Schork, Nicholas J, Shimbo, Daichi, Shuldiner, Alan R, Srinivasan, Sathanur R, Stolk, Ronald P, Taylor, Herman A, Thorand, Barbara, Trip, Mieke D, van Duijn, Cornelia M, Verschuren, W Monique, Wijmenga, Cisca, Winkelmann, Bernhard R, Wyatt, Sharon, and Young, J Hunter
Subjects: Hypertension, Heart Disease, Human Genome, Genetics, Clinical Research, Cardiovascular, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Adult, Aged, Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Diseases, Chromosome Mapping, Cohort Studies, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genotype, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, White People, CARDIOGRAM, METASTROKE, LifeLines Cohort Study, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Genetics & Heredity
Abstract: Blood pressure (BP) is a heritable determinant of risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). To investigate genetic associations with systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP), we genotyped ∼50 000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that capture variation in ∼2100 candidate genes for cardiovascular phenotypes in 61 619 individuals of European ancestry from cohort studies in the USA and Europe. We identified novel associations between rs347591 and SBP (chromosome 3p25.3, in an intron of HRH1) and between rs2169137 and DBP (chromosome1q32.1 in an intron of MDM4) and between rs2014408 and SBP (chromosome 11p15 in an intron of SOX6), previously reported to be associated with MAP. We also confirmed 10 previously known loci associated with SBP, DBP, MAP or PP (ADRB1, ATP2B1, SH2B3/ATXN2, CSK, CYP17A1, FURIN, HFE, LSP1, MTHFR, SOX6) at array-wide significance (P < 2.4 × 10(-6)). We then replicated these associations in an independent set of 65 886 individuals of European ancestry. The findings from expression QTL (eQTL) analysis showed associations of SNPs in the MDM4 region with MDM4 expression. We did not find any evidence of association of the two novel SNPs in MDM4 and HRH1 with sequelae of high BP including coronary artery disease (CAD), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) or stroke. In summary, we identified two novel loci associated with BP and confirmed multiple previously reported associations. Our findings extend our understanding of genes involved in BP regulation, some of which may eventually provide new targets for therapeutic intervention.
Published: 2013

17. Quantifying the contributions of behavioral and biological risk factors to socioeconomic disparities in coronary heart disease incidence: the MORGEN study

Author: Kershaw, Kiarri N., Droomers, Mariël, Robinson, Whitney R., Carnethon, Mercedes R., Daviglus, Martha L., and Verschuren, W. M. Monique
Published: 2013

18. Genome-wide association study of intracranial aneurysms identifies 17 risk loci and genetic overlap with clinical risk factors

Author: Bakker, Mark K., van der Spek, Rick A.A., van Rheenen, Wouter, Morel, Sandrine, Bourcier, Romain, Hostettler, Isabel C., Alg, Varinder S., van Eijk, Kristel R., Koido, Masaru, Akiyama, Masato, Terao, Chikashi, Matsuda, Koichi, Walters, Robin G., Lin, Kuang, Li, Liming, Millwood, Iona Y., Chen, Zhengming, Rouleau, Guy A., Zhou, Sirui, Rannikmäe, Kristiina, Sudlow, Cathie L.M., Houlden, Henry, van den Berg, Leonard H., Dina, Christian, Naggara, Olivier, Gentric, Jean-Christophe, Shotar, Eimad, Eugène, François, Desal, Hubert, Winsvold, Bendik S., Børte, Sigrid, Johnsen, Marianne Bakke, Brumpton, Ben M., Sandvei, Marie Søfteland, Willer, Cristen J., Hveem, Kristian, Zwart, John-Anker, Verschuren, W. M. Monique, Friedrich, Christoph M., Hirsch, Sven, Schilling, Sabine, Dauvillier, Jérôme, Martin, Olivier, Martinsen, Amy E, Aamodt, Anne Hege, Skogholt, Anne Heidi, Sandset, Else Charlotte, Kristoffersen, Espen S, Ellekjaer, Hanne, Heuch, Ingrid, Nielsen, Jonas Bille, Hagen, Knut, Fritsche, Lars, Thomas, Laurent F., Pedersen, Linda, Gabrielsen, Maiken E, Vigeland, Maria Dehli, Holmen, Oddgeir, Zhou, Wei, Chen, Junshi, Chen (PI), Zhengming, Clarke, Robert, Collins, Rory, Guo, Yu, Li (PI), Liming, Liu, Depei, Lv, Jun, Peto, Richard, Walters, Robin, Avery, Daniel, Boxall, Ruth, Bennett, Derrick, Chang, Yumei, Chen, Yiping, Du, Huaidong, Gan, Wei, Gilbert, Simon, Hacker, Alex, Hill, Michael, Holmes, Michael, Iona, Andri, Kartsonaki, Christiana, Kerosi, Rene, Kong, Ling, Lancaster, Garry, Lewington, Sarah, McDonnell, John, Millwood, Iona, Nie, Qunhua, Ryder, Paul, Sansome, Sam, Schmidt-Valle, Dan, Sherliker, Paul, Sohoni, Rajani, Stevens, Becky, Turnbull, Iain, Wang, Lin, Wright, Neil, Yang, Ling, Yang, Xiaoming, Yao, Pang, Bian, Zheng, Han, Xiao, Hou, Can, Pei, Pei, Liu, Chao, Yu, Canqing, Pang, Zengchang, Gao, Ruqin, Li, Shanpeng, Wang, Shaojie, Liu, Yongmei, Du, Ranran, Cheng, Liang, Tian, Xiaocao, Zhang, Hua, Zhai, Yaoming, Ning, Feng, Sun, Xiaohui, Li, Feifei, Lv, Silu, Wang, Junzheng, Hou, Wei, Zou, Mingyuan, Yan, Shichun, Zhou, Xue, Yu, Bo, Li, Yanjie, Xu, Qinai, Kang, Quan, Guo, Ziyan, Wang, Dan, Hu, Ximin, Chen, Jinyan, Fu, Yan, Wang, Xiaohuan, Weng, Min, Guo, Zhendong, Wu, Shukuan, Li, Yilei, Li, Huimei, Wu, Ming, Zhou, Yonglin, Zhou, Jinyi, Tao, Ran, Yang, Jie, Su, Jian, liu, Fang, Zhang, Jun, Hu, Yihe, Lu, Yan, Ma, Liangcai, Tang, Aiyu, Hua, Yujie, Jin, Jianrong, Liu, Jingchao, Tang, Zhenzhu, Chen, Naying, Huang, Ying, Li, Mingqiang, Meng, Jinhuai, Pan, Rong, Jiang, Qilian, Lan, Jian, Liu, Yun, Wei, Liuping, Zhou, Liyuan, Chen, Ningyu, Wang, Ping, Meng, Fanwen, Qin Sisi Wang, Yulu, Wu, Xianping, Zhang, Ningmei, Chen, Xiaofang, Zhou, Weiwei, Luo, Guojin, Li, Jianguo, Zhong, Xunfu, Liu, Jiaqiu, Sun, Qiang, Ge, Pengfei, Ren, Xiaolan, Dong, Caixia, Zhang, Hui, Mao, Enke, Wang, Xiaoping, Wang, Tao, Zhang, Xi, Zhou, Ding Zhang, Zhou, Gang, Feng, Shixian, Chang, Ling, Fan, Lei, Gao, Yulian, He, Tianyou, Sun, Huarong, He, Pan, Hu, Chen, Zhang, Xukui, Wu, Huifang, Yu, Min, Hu, Ruying, Wang, Hao, Gong, Weiwei, Wang, Meng, Xie, Kaixu, Chen, Lingli, Pan, Dongxia, Gu, Qijun, Huang, Yuelong, Chen, Biyun, Yin, Li, Liu, Huilin, Fu, Zhongxi, Xu, Qiaohua, Xu, Xin, Zhang, Hao, Long, Huajun, Zhang, Libo, Nagai, Akiko, Muto, Kaori, Hirata, Makoto, Morisaki, Takayuki, Yamashita, Yasushi, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Kambara, Yoko, Murakami, Yoshinori, Masumoto, Akihide, Nagayama, Satoshi, Miki, Yoshio, Yoshimori, Kozo, Fujioka, Tomoaki, Takata, Ryo, Yamaji, Ken, Takahashi, Kazuhisa, Asai, Satoshi, Takahashi, Yasuo, Minami, Shiro, Yamaguchi, Hiroki, Koretsune, Yukihiro, Nishizawa, Yasuko, Kodama, Ken, Kutsumi, Hiromu, Suzuki, Takao, Sinozaki, Nobuaki, Murayama, Shigeo, Furukawa, Yoichi, Yamanashi, Yuji, Papagiannaki, Chrisanthi, Piotin, Michel, Trystram, Denis, Edjlali-Goujon, Myriam, Boulouis, Grégoire, Rodriguez, Christine, Hassen, Waghi Ben, Saleme, Suzanna, Mounayer, Charbel, Rouchaud, Aymeric, Levrier, Olivier, Aguettaz, Pierre, Combaz, Xavier, Pasco, Anne, l’Allinec, Vincent, Bintner, Marc, Molho, Marc, Pascale, Gauthier, Chivot, Cyril, Costalat, Vincent, Darganzil, Cyril, Bonafé, Alain, Januel, Anne Christine, Michelozzi, Caterina, Cognard, Christophe, Bonneville, Fabrice, Tall, Philippe, Darcourt, Jean, Biondi, Alessandra, Iosif, Cristina, Ferre, Jean Christophe, Gauvrit, Jean Yves, Eugene, François, Raoult, Hélène, Gentric, Jean Christophe, Ognard, Julien, Anxionnat, René, Gory, Benjamin, Bracard, Serge, Derelle, Anne Laure, Tonnelet, Romain, Spelle, Laurent, Ikka, Léon, Ozanne, Augustin, Gallas, Sophie, Caroff, Jildaz, Achour, Nidal Ben, Moret, Jacques, Chabert, Emmanuel, Berge, Jérôme, Marnat, Gaultier, Barreau, Xavier, Gariel, Florent, Clarencon, Frédéric, Aggour, Mohammed, Ricolfi, Frédéric, Chavent, Adrien, Thouant, Pierre, Lebidinsky, Pablo, Lemogne, Brivael, Herbreteau, Denis, Bibi, Richard, Janot, Kevin, Pierot, Laurent, Soize, Sébastien, Labeyrie, Marc Antoine, Vandendries, Christophe, Kazemi, Appoline, Leclerc, Xavier, Pruvo, Jean Pierre, Bricout, Nicolas, Velasco, Stéphane, Boucebci, Samy, Lemmens, Robin, Pandolfo, Massimo, Bodenant, Marie, Louillet, Fabien, Mas, Jean-Louis, Deltour, Sandrine, Leder, Sara, Léger, Anne, Canaple, Sandrine, Godefroy, Olivier, Giroud, Maurice, Jacquin, Agnès, Moulin, Thierry, Vuillier, Fabrice, Tzourio, Christophe, Santos, Michael Dos, Malik, Rainer, Hausser, Ingrid, Thomas-Feles, Constanze, Weber, Ralf, Grond-Ginsbach, Caspar, Hacke, Werner, Giossi, Alessia, Volonghi, Irene, Costa, Paolo, del Zotto, Elisabetta, Morotti, Andrea, Poli, Loris, Muiesan, Maria Lorenza, Salvetti, Massimo, Rosei, Enrico Agabiti, Lanfranconi, Silvia, Baron, Pierluigi, Ferrarese, Carlo, Susani, Emanuela, Giacalone, Giacomo, Paolucci, Stefano, Palmirotta, Raffaele, Guadagni, Fiorella, Paciaroni, Maurizio, Ballabio, Elena, Parati, Eugenio A., Fluri, Felix, Hatz, Florian, Gisler, Dominique, Amort, Margareth, Bevan, Steve, James, Tom, Olsson, Sandra, Holmegaard, Lukas, Altintas, Ayse, Martin, Juan José, Kittner, Steven, Mitchell, Braxton, Stine, Colin, O’Connell, Jeff, Dueker, Nicole, Koudstaal, Peter J., de Lau, Lonneke M.L., Hofman, Albert, Verhaaren, Benjamin F, Uitterlinden, Andre G, Montaner, Joan, Mendioroz, Maite, Yadav, Sunaina, Khan, Muhammad Saleem, Wilder, Michael, van Dijk, Ewoud, Maaijwee, Noortje, Rutten-Jacobs, Loes, Kramer, Jamie, Malik, Shaneela, Brott, Thomas G, Brown, Robert D, Singleton, Andrew, Hardy, John, Rich, Stephen S, Tanislav, Christian, Jungehülsing, Jan, Werring, David, Alg, Varinder, Hostettler, Isabel, Bonner, Stephen, Walsh, Daniel, Bulters, Diederik, Kitchen, Neil, Brown, Martin, Grieve, Joan, Roberts, Gareth, Jones, Timothy, Critchley, Giles, Sharma, Pankaj, Nelson, Richard, Whitfield, Peter, Ross, Stuart, Patel, Hiren, Eldridge, Paul, Saastamoinen, Kari, Patel, Umang, Lawrance, Enas, Vandabona, Subha, Mendelow, David, Teal, Rachel, Warner, Orlando, Kirkpatrick, Peter, Seshadri, Sudha, Kilarski, Laura, Hyacinth, Hyacinth I, Oliveira, Jamary, Marini, Sandro, Nyquist, Paul, Lewis, Cathryn, Norrving, Bo, Smith, Gustav, Rosand, Jonathan, Biffi, Alessandro, Kourkoulis, Christina, Anderson, Chris, Giese, Anne-Katrin, Bang, Oh Young, Chung, Jong-Won, Kim, Gyeong-Moon, Zhuang, Qishuai, Sheu, Wayne, Smalley, June, Howson, Joanna, Granata, Alessandra, Markus, Hugh, Wardlaw, Joanna, Cole, John, Thalamuthu, Anbupalam, Hopewell, Jemma, Worrall, Bradford, Bis, Josh, Tirschwell, David, Reiner, Alex, Dhar, Raj, Lee, Jin-Moo, Mortenson, Janne, Wassertheil-Smoller, Sylvia, Prasad, Kameshwar, Fisher, Mark, Traenka, Christopher, Wang, Xingwu, Wang, Yongjun, Rouanet, Francois, Sibon, Igor, Sarnowski, Chloé, Maillard, Pauline, Aparicio, Hugo Javier, Dupuis, Josee, Yang, Qiong, Luvizutto, Gustavo, Chasman, Daniel, Rexrode, Kathryn, Harriot, Andrea, Phuah, Chia-Ling, Santo, Gustavo, Gerard, Jen, Liu, Guiyou, Aaron, Sanjith, Christudass, Christhunesa S., Salomi, BSB, Sanghera, Dharambir, Boehme, Amelia, Elkind, Mitchell, Gretarsdottir, Solveig, Lange, Leslie, Rost, Natalia, James, Michael, Stewart, Jill, Goldstein, Larry, Waddy, Salina, Vojinovic, Dina, Ikram, Arfan, Thijs, Vincent, Parati, Eugenio, Boncoraglio, Giorgio, Kooperberg, Charles, Abboud, Sherrine, Zand, Ramin, Bijlenga, Philippe, Selim, Magdy, Happola, Olli, Strbian, Daniel, Tomppo, Liisa, Pathak, Abhishek, Pfeiffer, Dorothea, Aires, de Buenos, de Carvalho, Joao Jose Freitas, Ribeiro, Priscila, Torres, Nuria, Barboza, Miguel, Plomaritoglou, Androniki, Bjorkegren, Johan, Chan, Yu-Feng Yvonne, Gudnason, Villi, Jimenez-Conde, Jordi, Soriano, Carolina, Roquer, Jaume, Bentley, Paul, Tournier-Lasserve, Elisabeth, Dufouil, Carole, Debette, Stephanie, Mishra, Aniket, Wee, Lawrence, Siddiqi, Saima, Wu, Jer-Yuarn, Ko, Tai-Ming, Bione, Silvia, Jood, Katarina, Tatlisumak, Turgut, Arauz, Antonio, Korostynski, Michal, Launer, Lenore, Yue, Suo, bersano, anna, Juchniewicz, Karol Józef, Mateusz, Adamski, Pera, Joanna, Wnuk, Marcin, Levi, Christopher, Gusdon, Aaron, Kostulas, Konstantinos, Maxwell, Jessye, Duering, Marco, Jagiella, Jeremiasz, Hata, Jun, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Nguyen, Vinh, Thorarinsson, Bjorn Logi, Lee, Tsong-Hai, Rakitko, Alexandr, Dichgans, Martin, Lindgren, Arne, Wasselius, Johan, Drake, Mattias, Stenman, Martin, Ilinca, Andreea, Staals, Julie, Sadr-Nabavi, Ariane, Crawford, Katherine, Lena, Umme, Mateen, Farrah, Ay, Hakan, Wu, Ona, Schirmer, Markus, Romero, Javier, Cramer, Steve, Golland, Polina, Mueller, Bertram, Brown, Robert, Meschia, James, Ross, Owen A., Pare, Guillaume, Chong, Mike, mansour, Ossama yassin, Karaszewski, Bartosz, Enzinger, Christian, Schmidt, Reinhold, Seiler, Stephan, Pichler, Alexander, Ovbiagele, Bruce, Yamada, Yoshiji, Rundek, Tatjana, Blanton, Susan, P, John, Chern, Joseph, O'Donnell, Chris, Corriveau, Roderick, Bhattacharya, Pallab, Gwinn, Katrina, CHANDRA, BHARATENDU, Chen, Christopher, Kalaria, Raj, Koenig, Jim, Singh, Om Prakash, Olugbodi, Akintomi, Giralt, Eva, Saleheen, Danish, de Leeuw, Frank-Erik, Klijn, Karin, Olesen, Jes, Kubo, Michiaki, Spence, David, Pedersen, Annie, Olsson, Maja, Martín, Juan José, Braga, Gabriel, Xu, Huichun, Assimes, Tim, Raskurazhev, Anton, Lee, Wei Ling, Burri, Philippe, Frid, Petrea, GmbH, Heilbronn, Deng, Zhen, Habibi-koolaee, Mahdi, Vijayan, Murali, Leung, Thomas, Wong, Lawrence, Mok, Vincent, Choy, Richard, Jern, Christina, Lebedeva, Elena, Farrall, Martin, Jiayuan, Xu, Loo, Keat Wei, Rinkel, Gabriel, Magnus, Rudolf, Goncalves, Anderson, Franca, Paulo, Cendes, Iscia, Carrera, Caty, Fernandez-Cadenas, Israel, Kim, Helen, Rolfs, Arndt, Owolabi, Mayowa, Bakker, Mark, Ruigrok, Ynte, Hauer, Allard, Pulit, Sara L., Algra, Ale, van der Laan, Sander W., Macleod, Mary, Howard, George, Tiwari, Hemant, Irvin, Ryan, Albright, Karen C., Perry, Rodney, Kidwell, Chelsea, Pavlovic, Aleksandra, Sargurupremraj, Murali, Schilling, Sabrina, Pezzini, Alessandro, Abd-Allah, Foad, DeCarli, Charles, Liebeskind, David, Traylor, Matthew, Tan, Rhea, Danesh, John, Larsson, Susanna C., Rutten, Loes, Donatti, Amanda, Avelar, Wagner, Broderick, Joseph, Woo, Daniel, Kissela, Brett, Ibenez, Laura Garcia, Salman, Rustam, Sudlow, Cathie, McDonough, Caitrin Wheeler, Silliman, Scott, Magvanjav, Oyunbileg, van Agtmael, Tom, Walters, Matthew, Lorentzen, Erik, Stanne, Tara, Olsson, Martina, Nakagawa, Kazuma, Akinyemi, Rufus, Cotlatciuc, Ioana, O'Connell, Jeff, Sparks, Mary, Sorkin, John, Dave, Tushar, Naylor, Jill, Brown, Devin, Du, Rose, Kulik, Tobias B., Attia, John, Faber, James E, Rothwell, Peter, Márquez, Elsa Valdés, Mancuso, Michelangelo, Souza, Doralina Brum, de Silva, Ranil, Vibo, Riina, Korv, Janika, Maguire, Jane, Fornage, Myriam, Illoh, Kachikwu, Milewicz, Dianna, Majersik, Jennifer, DeHavenon, Adam, Kalani, Yashar, Alexander, Matthew, Cushman, Mary, Sale, Michele, Owens, Debra, Keene, Keith, Rich, Stephe, Psaty, Bruce, Longstreth, Will, Atadzhanov, Masharip, Wolfe, Stacey Quintero, Langefeld, Carl, Bushnell, Cheryl, Cruchaga, Carlos, Konrad, Jan, Liu, Junfeng, Sheth, Kevin, Falcone, Guido, Donahue J, Kathleen, Jones, Gregory T., Bown, Matthew J., Ko, Nerissa U., Coleman, Jonathan R.I., Breen, Gerome, Zaroff, Jonathan G., Klijn, Catharina J.M., Sargurupremraj, Muralidharan, Amouyel, Philippe, Debette, Stéphanie, Rinkel, Gabriel J.E., Worrall, Bradford B., Slowik, Agnieszka, Gaál-Paavola, Emilia I., Niemelä, Mika, Jääskeläinen, Juha E., von Und Zu Fraunberg, Mikael, Lindgren, Antti, Broderick, Joseph P., Werring, David J., Redon, Richard, Veldink, Jan H., Ruigrok, Ynte M., Stroke, HUNT All-In, Group, China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative, Consortium, BioBank Japan Project, Group, ICAN Study, Group, CADISP, investigators, Genetics and Observational Subarachnoid Haemorrhage (GOSH) Study, (ISGC), International Stroke Genetics Consortium, Morel, Sandrine, and Bijlenga, Philippe Alexandre Pierre
Subjects: genetics [Blood Pressure], Medizin, Genome-wide association study, Blood Pressure, Disease, ddc:616.07, Bioinformatics, 616: Innere Medizin und Krankheiten, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, physiopathology [Hypertension], genetics [Genetic Predisposition to Disease], Genetic risk factor, Stroke, 0303 health sciences, Smoking, genetics [Smoking], genetics [Intracranial Aneurysm], Disorders of movement Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 3], Cerebrovascular disorder, 3. Good health, genetics [European Continental Ancestry Group], Hypertension, genetics [Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide], Subarachnoid hemorrhage, pathology [Intracranial Aneurysm], genetics [White People], Biology, Genetic correlation, pathology [Endothelial Cells], Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, White People, 03 medical and health sciences, Aneurysm, Asian People, ddc:570, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, cardiovascular diseases, 030304 developmental biology, genetics [Subarachnoid Hemorrhage], genetics [Asian Continental Ancestry Group], 572: Biochemie, genetics [Asian People], pathology [Subarachnoid Hemorrhage], adverse effects [Smoking], Endothelial Cells, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, medicine.disease, Intracranial aneurysm, Genetic architecture, ddc:616.8, Case-Control Studies, genetics [Hypertension], 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: An author correction to this article published in December 2020 is available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-020-00760-4. Rupture of an intracranial aneurysm leads to subarachnoid hemorrhage, a severe type of stroke. To discover new risk loci and the genetic architecture of intracranial aneurysms, we performed a cross-ancestry, genome-wide association study in 10,754 cases and 306,882 controls of European and East Asian ancestry. We discovered 17 risk loci, 11 of which are new. We reveal a polygenic architecture and explain over half of the disease heritability. We show a high genetic correlation between ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms. We also find a suggestive role for endothelial cells by using gene mapping and heritability enrichment. Drug-target enrichment shows pleiotropy between intracranial aneurysms and antiepileptic and sex hormone drugs, providing insights into intracranial aneurysm pathophysiology. Finally, genetic risks for smoking and high blood pressure, the two main clinical risk factors, play important roles in intracranial aneurysm risk, and drive most of the genetic correlation between intracranial aneurysms and other cerebrovascular traits.
Published: 2021

19. Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: A pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants

Author: Yiallouros, Panayiotis K., Escobedo-de la Peña, Jorge, Zhou, Bin, Bentham, James, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Bixby, Honor, Danaei, Goodarz, Hajifathalian, Kaveh, Taddei, Cristina, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M., Djalalinia, Shirin, Khatibzadeh, Shahab, Lugero, Charles, Peykari, Niloofar, Zhang, Wan Zhu, Bennett, James, Bilano, Ver, Stevens, Gretchen A., Cowan, Melanie J., Riley, Leanne M., Chen, Zhengming, Hambleton, Ian R., Jackson, Rod T., Kengne, Andre Pascal, Khang, Young-Ho, Laxmaiah, Avula, Liu, Jing, Malekzadeh, Reza, Neuhauser, Hannelore K., Sorić, Maroje, Starc, Gregor, Sundström, Johan, Woodward, Mark, Ezzati, Majid, Abarca-Gómez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A., Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M., Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J., Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadvand, Alireza, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Ajlouni, Kamel, Akhtaeva, Nazgul, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Ali, Mohamed M., Ali, Osman, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N., Amouyel, Philippe, Amuzu, Antoinette, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A., Ängquist, Lars H., Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansong, Daniel, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araújo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Arveiler, Dominique, Aryal, Krishna K., Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K., Assunção, Maria Cecília F., Avdicová, Mária, Azevedo, Ana, Azizi, Fereidoun, Babu, Bontha V., Bahijri, Suhad, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, José R., Barbagallo, Carlo M., Barceló, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio J. D., Barros, Mauro V., Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M., Batyrbek, Assembekov, Baur, Louise A., Beaglehole, Robert, Romdhane, Habiba Ben, Benet, Mikhail, Benson, Lowell S., Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotiene, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloisa, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bharadwaj, Sumit, Bhargava, Santosh K., Bi, Yufang, Bikbov, Mukharram, Bista, Bihungum, Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius B., Björkelund, Cecilia, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boeing, Heiner, Boggia, Jose G., Boissonnet, Carlos P., Bongard, Vanina, Borchini, Rossana, Bovet, Pascal, Braeckman, Lutgart, Brajkovich, Imperia, Branca, Francesco, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M., Bruno, Graziella, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B(as), Bugge, Anna, Burns, Con, Bursztyn, Michael, de León, Antonio Cabrera, Cacciottolo, Joseph, Cai, Hui, Cameron, Christine, Can, Günay, Cândido, Ana Paula C., Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardoso, Viviane C., Carlsson, Axel C., Carvalho, Maria J., Casanueva, Felipe F., Casas, Juan-Pablo, Caserta, Carmelo A., Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Angelique W., Chan, Queenie, Chaturvedi, Himanshu K., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Huashuai, Chen, Shuohua, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Dekkaki, Imane Cherkaoui, Chetrit, Angela, Chiolero, Arnaud, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Chirlaque, María-Dolores, Cho, Belong, Cho, Yumi, Christofaro, Diego G., Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Cinteza, Eliza, Claessens, Frank, Clays, Els, Concin, Hans, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Rachel, Coppinger, Tara C., Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chris, Craig, Cora L., Crujeiras, Ana B., Cruz, Juan J., D'Arrigo, Graziella, d'Orsi, Eleonora, Dallongeville, Jean, Damasceno, Albertino, Dankner, Rachel, Dantoft, Thomas M., Dauchet, Luc, Davletov, Kairat, De Backer, Guy, De Bacquer, Dirk, de Gaetano, Giovanni, De Henauw, Stefaan, de Oliveira, Paula Duarte, De Smedt, Delphine, Deepa, Mohan, Dehghan, Abbas, Delisle, Hélène, Deschamps, Valérie, Dhana, Klodian, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F., Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares, Diaz, Alejandro, Dickerson, Ty T., Do, Ha T. P., Donfrancesco, Chiara, Donoso, Silvana P., Döring, Angela, Dorobantu, Maria, Doua, Kouamelan, Drygas, Wojciech, Dulskiene, Virginija, Džakula, Aleksandar, Dzerve, Vilnis, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta, Eggertsen, Robert, Ekelund, Ulf, El Ati, Jalila, Elliott, Paul, Elosua, Roberto, Erasmus, Rajiv T., Erem, Cihangir, Eriksen, Louise, Eriksson, Johan G., Evans, Alun, Faeh, David, Fall, Caroline H., Farzadfar, Farshad, Felix-Redondo, Francisco J., Ferguson, Trevor S., Fernandes, Romulo A., Fernández-Bergés, Daniel, Ferrante, Daniel, Ferrari, Marika, Ferreccio, Catterina, Ferrieres, Jean, Finn, Joseph D., Fischer, Krista, Föger, Bernhard, Foo, Leng Huat, Forslund, Ann-Sofie, Forsner, Maria, Fouad, Heba M., Francis, Damian K., do Carmo Franco, Maria, Franco, Oscar H., Frontera, Guillermo, Fuchs, Flavio D., Fuchs, Sandra C., Fujita, Yuki, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Galvano, Fabio, Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli, Gareta, Dickman, Garnett, Sarah P., Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gates, Louise, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Ghasemian, Anoosheh, Ghimire, Anup, Giampaoli, Simona, Gianfagna, Francesco, Gill, Tiffany K., Giovannelli, Jonathan, Goldsmith, Rebecca A., Gonçalves, Helen, Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela, González-Rivas, Juan P., Gorbea, Mariano Bonet, Gottrand, Frederic, Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Grafnetter, Dušan, Grajda, Aneta, Grammatikopoulou, Maria G., Gregor, Ronald D., Grodzicki, Tomasz, Grøntved, Anders, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gruden, Gabriella, Grujic, Vera, Gu, Dongfeng, Guan, Ong Peng, Gudmundsson, Elias F., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guerrero, Ramiro, Guessous, Idris, Guimaraes, Andre L., Gulliford, Martin C., Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna, Gunter, Marc, Gupta, Prakash C., Gupta, Rajeev, Gureje, Oye, Gurzkowska, Beata, Gutierrez, Laura, Gutzwiller, Felix, Hadaegh, Farzad, Halkjær, Jytte, Hardy, Rebecca, Hari Kumar, Rachakulla, Hata, Jun, Hayes, Alison J., He, Jiang, He, Yuna, Elisabeth, Marleen, Henriques, Ana, Cadena, Leticia Hernandez, Herrala, Sauli, Heshmat, Ramin, Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, Ho, Sai Yin, Ho, Suzanne C., Hobbs, Michael, Hofman, Albert, Dinc, Gonul Horasan, Horimoto, Andrea R. V. R., Hormiga, Claudia M., Horta, Bernardo L., Houti, Leila, Howitt, Christina, Htay, Thein Thein, Htet, Aung Soe, Than Htike, Maung Maung, Hu, Yonghua, Huerta, José María, Huisman, Martijn, Husseini, Abdullatif S., Huybrechts, Inge, Hwalla, Nahla, Iacoviello, Licia, Iannone, Anna G., Ibrahim, Mohsen M., Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim, Ikeda, Nayu, Ikram, M. Arfan, Irazola, Vilma E., Islam, Muhammad, al-Safi Ismail, Aziz, Ivkovic, Vanja, Iwasaki, Masanori, Jacobs, Jeremy M., Jaddou, Hashem, Jafar, Tazeen, Jamrozik, Konrad, Janszky, Imre, Jasienska, Grazyna, Jelaković, Ana, Jelaković, Bojan, Jennings, Garry, Jeong, Seung-lyeal, Jiang, Chao Qiang, Joffres, Michel, Johansson, Mattias, Jokelainen, Jari J., Jonas, Jost B., Jørgensen, Torben, Joshi, Pradeep, Jóźwiak, Jacek, Juolevi, Anne, Jurak, Gregor, Jureša, Vesna, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kafatos, Anthony, Kajantie, Eero O., Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kamaruddin, Nor Azmi, Karki, Khem B., Kasaeian, Amir, Katz, Joanne, Kauhanen, Jussi, Kaur, Prabhdeep, Kavousi, Maryam, Kazakbaeva, Gyulli, Keil, Ulrich, Boker, Lital Keinan, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka, Kelishadi, Roya, Kemper, Han C. G., Kengne, Andre P., Kerimkulova, Alina, Kersting, Mathilde, Key, Timothy, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalili, Davood, Khateeb, Mohammad, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula, Kiechl, Stefan, Killewo, Japhet, Kim, Jeongseon, Kim, Yeon-Yong, Klumbiene, Jurate, Knoflach, Michael, Kolle, Elin, Kolsteren, Patrick, Korrovits, Paul, Koskinen, Seppo, Kouda, Katsuyasu, Kowlessur, Sudhir, Koziel, Slawomir, Kriemler, Susi, Kristensen, Peter Lund, Krokstad, Steinar, Kromhout, Daan, Kruger, Herculina S., Kubinova, Ruzena, Kuciene, Renata, Kuh, Diana, Kujala, Urho M., Kulaga, Zbigniew, Krishna Kumar, R., Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S., Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Laatikainen, Tiina, Lachat, Carl, Lam, Tai Hing, Landrove, Orlando, Lanska, Vera, Lappas, Georg, Larijani, Bagher, Laugsand, Lars E., Le Nguyen Bao, Khanh, Le, Tuyen D., Leclercq, Catherine, Lee, Jeannette, Lee, Jeonghee, Lehtimäki, Terho, León-Muñoz, Luz M., Levitt, Naomi S., Li, Yanping, Lilly, Christa L., Lim, Wei-Yen, Lima-Costa, M. Fernanda, Lin, Hsien-Ho, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lars, Linneberg, Allan, Lissner, Lauren, Litwin, Mieczyslaw, Lorbeer, Roberto, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lozano, José Eugenio, Luksiene, Dalia, Lundqvist, Annamari, Lunet, Nuno, Lytsy, Per, Ma, Guansheng, Ma, Jun, Machado-Coelho, George L. L., Machi, Suka, Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J., Magriplis, Emmanuella, Majer, Marjeta, Makdisse, Marcia, Malhotra, Rahul, Mallikharjuna Rao, Kodavanti, Malyutina, Sofia, Manios, Yannis, Mann, Jim I., Manzato, Enzo, Margozzini, Paula, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Marques, Larissa Pruner, Marrugat, Jaume, Martorell, Reynaldo, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Matijasevich, Alicia, Matsha, Tandi E., Mbanya, Jean Claude N., Mc Donald Posso, Anselmo J., McFarlane, Shelly R., McGarvey, Stephen T., McLachlan, Stela, McLean, Rachael M., McLean, Scott B., McNulty, Breige A., Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia, Medzioniene, Jurate, Meirhaeghe, Aline, Meisinger, Christa, Menezes, Ana Maria B., Menon, Geetha R., Meshram, Indrapal I., Metspalu, Andres, Meyer, Haakon E., Mi, Jie, Mikkel, Kairit, Miller, Jody C., Minderico, Cláudia S., Francisco, Juan, Miranda, J. Jaime, Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Mišigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta, Modesti, Pietro A., Mohamed, Mostafa K., Mohammad, Kazem, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mohanna, Salim, Mohd Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli, Møllehave, Line T., Møller, Niels C., Molnár, Dénes, Momenan, Amirabbas, Mondo, Charles K., Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K., Moon, Jin Soo, Moreira, Leila B., Morejon, Alain, Moreno, Luis A., Morgan, Karen, Moschonis, George, Mossakowska, Malgorzata, Mostafa, Aya, Mota, Jorge, Esmaeel Motlagh, Mohammad, Motta, Jorge, Msyamboza, Kelias P., Mu, Thet Thet, Muiesan, Maria L., Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Murphy, Neil, Mursu, Jaakko, Musil, Vera, Nabipour, Iraj, Nagel, Gabriele, Naidu, Balkish M., Nakamura, Harunobu, Námešná, Jana, Nang, Ei Ei K., Nangia, Vinay B., Narake, Sameer, Nauck, Matthias, Navarrete-Muñoz, Eva Maria, Ndiaye, Ndeye Coumba, Neal, William A., Nenko, Ilona, Neovius, Martin, Nervi, Flavio, Nguyen, Chung T., Nguyen, Nguyen D., Nguyen, Quang Ngoc, Nguyen, Quang V., Nieto-Martínez, Ramfis E., Niiranen, Teemu J., Ning, Guang, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Nishtar, Sania, Noale, Marianna, Noboa, Oscar A., Noorbala, Ahmad Ali, Norat, Teresa, Noto, Davide, Al Nsour, Mohannad, O'Reilly, Dermot, Oda, Eiji, Oehlers, Glenn, Oh, Kyungwon, Ohara, Kumiko, Olinto, Maria Teresa A., Oliveira, Isabel O., Omar, Mohd Azahadi, Onat, Altan, Ong, Sok King, Ono, Lariane M., Ordunez, Pedro, Ornelas, Rui, Osmond, Clive, Ostojic, Sergej M., Ostovar, Afshin, Otero, Johanna A., Overvad, Kim, Owusu-Dabo, Ellis, Paccaud, Fred Michel, Padez, Cristina, Pahomova, Elena, Pajak, Andrzej, Palli, Domenico, Palmieri, Luigi, Pan, Wen-Harn, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Panza, Francesco, Papandreou, Dimitrios, Park, Soon-Woo, Parnell, Winsome R., Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patel, Nikhil D., Pecin, Ivan, Pednekar, Mangesh S., Peer, Nasheeta, Peeters, Petra H., Peixoto, Sergio Viana, Peltonen, Markku, Pereira, Alexandre C., Peters, Annette, Petersmann, Astrid, Petkeviciene, Janina, Pham, Son Thai, Pigeot, Iris, Pikhart, Hynek, Pilav, Aida, Pilotto, Lorenza, Pitakaka, Freda, Piwonska, Aleksandra, Plans-Rubió, Pedro, Polašek, Ozren, Porta, Miquel, Portegies, Marileen L. P., Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Prashant, Mathur, Price, Jacqueline F., Puder, Jardena J., Puiu, Maria, Punab, Margus, Qasrawi, Radwan F., Qorbani, Mostafa, Bao, Tran Quoc, Radic, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricardas, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Ramachandra Rao, Sudha, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramos, Elisabete, Rampal, Lekhraj, Rampal, Sanjay, Rangel Reina, Daniel A., Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M., Ribeiro, Robespierre, Riboli, Elio, Rigo, Fernando, Rinke de Wit, Tobias F., Ritti-Dias, Raphael M., Robinson, Sian M., Robitaille, Cynthia, Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, María, Rodríguez-Villamizar, Laura A., Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Romaguera, Dora, Ronkainen, Kimmo, Rosengren, Annika, Roy, Joel G. R., Rubinstein, Adolfo, Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sachdev, Harshpal S., Saidi, Olfa, Sakarya, Sibel, Salanave, Benoit, Salazar Martinez, Eduardo, Salmerón, Diego, Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T., Salvetti, Massimo, Sánchez-Abanto, Jose, Sans, Susana, Santos, Diana A., Santos, Ina S., Nunes dos Santos, Renata, Santos, Rute, Saramies, Jouko L., Sardinha, Luis B., Sarganas, Giselle, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savva, Savvas, Scazufca, Marcia, Schargrodsky, Herman, Schipf, Sabine, Schmidt, Carsten O., Schöttker, Ben, Schultsz, Constance, Schutte, Aletta E., Sein, Aye Aye, Sen, Abhijit, Senbanjo, Idowu O., Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Sharma, Sanjib K., Shaw, Jonathan E., Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Dong Wook, Shin, Youchan, Si-Ramlee, Khairil, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M., Santos Silva, Diego Augusto, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A., Sjöström, Michael, Skovbjerg, Sine, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Smeeth, Liam, Smith, Margaret C., Snijder, Marieke B., So, Hung-Kwan, Sobngwi, Eugène, Söderberg, Stefan, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Sonestedt, Emily, Song, Yi, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Soric, Maroje, Jérome, Charles Sossa, Soumare, Aicha, Staessen, Jan A., Stathopoulou, Maria G., Stavreski, Bill, Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Stehle, Peter, Stein, Aryeh D., Stergiou, George S., Stessman, Jochanan, Stieber, Jutta, Stöckl, Doris, Stocks, Tanja, Stokwiszewski, Jakub, Stronks, Karien, Strufaldi, Maria Wany, Sun, Chien-An, Sung, Yn-Tz, Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul, Sy, Rody G., Shyong Tai, E., Tammesoo, Mari-Liis, Tamosiunas, Abdonas, Tan, Eng Joo, Tang, Xun, Tanser, Frank, Tao, Yong, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B., Tautu, Oana-Florentina, Taylor, Anne, Theobald, Holger, Theodoridis, Xenophon, Thijs, Lutgarde, Thuesen, Betina H., Tjonneland, Anne, Tolonen, Hanna K., Tolstrup, Janne S., Topbas, Murat, Topór-Madry, Roman, Tormo, María José, Torrent, Maties, Traissac, Pierre, Trichopoulos, Dimitrios, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Trinh, Oanh T. H., Trivedi, Atul, Tshepo, Lechaba, Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K., Tullu, Fikru, Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Turley, Maria L., Tynelius, Per, Tzourio, Christophe, Ueda, Peter, Ugel, Eunice E., Ulmer, Hanno, Uusitalo, Hannu M. T., Valdivia, Gonzalo, Valvi, Damaskini, van der Schouw, Yvonne T., Van Herck, Koen, Van Minh, Hoang, van Rossem, Lenie, Van Schoor, Natasja M., van Valkengoed, Irene G. M., Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Vatten, Lars, Vega, Tomas, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Veronesi, Giovanni, Monique Verschuren, W. M., Verstraeten, Roosmarijn, Victora, Cesar G., Viet, Lucie, Viikari-Juntura, Eira, Vineis, Paolo, Vioque, Jesus, Virtanen, Jyrki K., Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vlasoff, Tiina, Vollenweider, Peter, Voutilainen, Sari, Wade, Alisha N., Wagner, Aline, Walton, Janette, Wan Bebakar, Wan Mohamad, Wan Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon, Wanderley, Rildo S., Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Qian, Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Ying-Wei, Wannamethee, S. Goya, Wareham, Nicholas, Wedderkopp, Niels, Weerasekera, Deepa, Whincup, Peter H., Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S., Wiecek, Andrzej, Wijga, Alet H., Wilks, Rainford J., Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Williams, Emmanuel A., Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong-McClure, Roy A., Wong, Justin Y. Y., Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Giwercman Wu, Aleksander, Wu, Frederick C., Wu, Shouling, Xu, Haiquan, Yan, Weili, Yang, Xiaoguang, Ye, Xingwang, Yoshihara, Akihiro, Younger-Coleman, Novie O., Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi, Zainuddin, Ahmad Ali, Zambon, Sabina, Zampelas, Antonis, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Zeng, Yi, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Wenhua, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zhu, Dan, Zhussupov, Baurzhan, Zimmermann, Esther, Cisneros, Julio Zuñiga, Imperial Coll London, Univ Kent, Middlesex Univ, Harvard TH Chan, Cleveland Clin, Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Univ Tehran Med Sci, Minist Hlth & Med Educ, Brandeis Univ, Mulago Hosp, Uganda Heart Inst, World Hlth Org, Univ Oxford, Univ West Indies, Univ Auckland, South African Med Res Council, Seoul Natl Univ, Natl Inst Nutr, Capital Med Univ, Robert Koch Inst, German Ctr Cardiovasc Res, Univ Zagreb, Univ Ljubljana, Uppsala Univ, Univ New South Wales, Caja Costarricense Seguro Social, Al Quds Univ, Birzeit Univ, Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Univ Adelaide, 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Ofra, Kamaruddin, Nor Azmi, Karki, Khem B, Kasaeian, Amir, Katz, Joanne, Kauhanen, Jussi, Kaur, Prabhdeep, Kavousi, Maryam, Kazakbaeva, Gyulli, Keil, Ulrich, Boker, Lital Keinan, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka, Kelishadi, Roya, Kemper, Han C G, Kengne, Andre P, Kerimkulova, Alina, Kersting, Mathilde, Key, Timothy, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalili, Davood, Khateeb, Mohammad, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula, Kiechl, Stefan, Killewo, Japhet, Kim, Jeongseon, Kim, Yeon-Yong, Klumbiene, Jurate, Knoflach, Michael, Kolle, Elin, Kolsteren, Patrick, Korrovits, Paul, Koskinen, Seppo, Kouda, Katsuyasu, Kowlessur, Sudhir, Koziel, Slawomir, Kriemler, Susi, Kristensen, Peter Lund, Krokstad, Steinar, Kromhout, Daan, Kruger, Herculina S, Kubinova, Ruzena, Kuciene, Renata, Kuh, Diana, Kujala, Urho M, Kulaga, Zbigniew, Krishna Kumar, R, Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Laatikainen, Tiina, Lachat, Carl, Lam, Tai Hing, Landrove, Orlando, Lanska, Vera, 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Si-Ramlee, Khairil, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M, Santos Silva, Diego Augusto, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A, Sjöström, Michael, Skovbjerg, Sine, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Smeeth, Liam, Smith, Margaret C, Snijder, Marieke B, So, Hung-Kwan, Sobngwi, Eugène, Söderberg, Stefan, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Sonestedt, Emily, Song, Yi, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Soric, Maroje, Jérome, Charles Sossa, Soumare, Aicha, Staessen, Jan A, Stathopoulou, Maria G, Stavreski, Bill, Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Stehle, Peter, Stein, Aryeh D, Stergiou, George S, Stessman, Jochanan, Stieber, Jutta, Stöckl, Dori, Stocks, Tanja, Stokwiszewski, Jakub, Stronks, Karien, Strufaldi, Maria Wany, Sun, Chien-An, Sung, Yn-Tz, Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul, Sy, Rody G, Shyong Tai, E, Tammesoo, Mari-Lii, Tamosiunas, Abdona, Tan, Eng Joo, Tang, Xun, Tanser, Frank, Tao, Yong, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B, Tautu, Oana-Florentina, Taylor, Anne, Theobald, Holger, Theodoridis, Xenophon, Thijs, Lutgarde, Thuesen, Betina H, Tjonneland, Anne, Tolonen, Hanna K, Tolstrup, Janne S, Topbas, Murat, Topór-Madry, Roman, Tormo, María José, Torrent, Matie, Traissac, Pierre, Trichopoulos, Dimitrio, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Trinh, Oanh T H, Trivedi, Atul, Tshepo, Lechaba, Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K, Tullu, Fikru, Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Turley, Maria L, Tynelius, Per, Tzourio, Christophe, Ueda, Peter, Ugel, Eunice E, Ulmer, Hanno, Uusitalo, Hannu M T, Valdivia, Gonzalo, Valvi, Damaskini, van der Schouw, Yvonne T, Van Herck, Koen, Van Minh, Hoang, van Rossem, Lenie, Van Schoor, Natasja M, van Valkengoed, Irene G M, Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Vatten, Lar, Vega, Toma, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Veronesi, Giovanni, Monique Verschuren, W M, Verstraeten, Roosmarijn, Victora, Cesar G, Viet, Lucie, Viikari-Juntura, Eira, Vineis, Paolo, Vioque, Jesu, Virtanen, Jyrki K, Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vlasoff, Tiina, Vollenweider, Peter, Voutilainen, Sari, Wade, Alisha N, Wagner, Aline, Walton, Janette, Wan Bebakar, Wan Mohamad, Wan Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon, Wanderley, Rildo S, Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Qian, Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Ying-Wei, Wannamethee, S Goya, Wareham, Nichola, Wedderkopp, Niel, Weerasekera, Deepa, Whincup, Peter H, Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S, Wiecek, Andrzej, Wijga, Alet H, Wilks, Rainford J, Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Williams, Emmanuel A, Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong-McClure, Roy A, Wong, Justin Y Y, Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Giwercman Wu, Aleksander, Wu, Frederick C, Wu, Shouling, Xu, Haiquan, Yan, Weili, Yang, Xiaoguang, Ye, Xingwang, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K, Yoshihara, Akihiro, Younger-Coleman, Novie O, Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi, Zainuddin, Ahmad Ali, Zambon, Sabina, Zampelas, Antoni, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Zeng, Yi, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Wenhua, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zhu, Dan, Zhussupov, Baurzhan, Zimmermann, Esther, Cisneros, Julio Zuñiga, The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology [Shanghai, China] (CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science), Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology [Shanghai, China]-University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Shanghai, China], Imperial College London, University of Kentucky, Middlesex University, Cleveland Clinic, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Brandeis University, Mulago Hospital [Kampala, Ouganda], Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), World Health Organisation (WHO), Al-Quds University, Discipline of Medicine, University of South Australia [Adelaide], Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán - National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran [Mexico], Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Leibniz Association, Centre for Industrial Management, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Epidémiologie des maladies chroniques : impact des interactions gène environnement sur la santé des populations, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospitals, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Dept. Atherosclerose, University of Iceland [Reykjavik], Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IBB), Technical University of Lisbon, Medical University of Łódź (MUL), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), Sunder Lal Jain Hospital, Ufa Eye Research Institute [Bashkortostan], National Institute of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DifE), Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne university hospital, Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), Department of Medical Sciences [Turin, Italy] (DMS), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), ASU - School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, University of Oxford [Oxford], Cancer & Radiation Epidemiology Unit, Gertner Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red especializado en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Los Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Molecular Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-IRC KULAK, Department of Public Health, State University of Ghent, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit [Southampton, UK], University of Southampton, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institute of Epidemiology [Neuherberg] (EPI), German Research Center for Environmental Health - Helmholtz Center München (GmbH), Sahlgrenska University Hospital [Gothenburg], Institute of Metabolic Science, MRC, Institut National de Nutrition et de Technologie Alimentaire (INNTA), University of Huddersfield, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Generalitat de Catalunya, Medstar Research Institute, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Medical Research Council, Applied Sciences, National Research Institute on Food and Nutrition, Epidémiologie et analyses en santé publique : risques, maladies chroniques et handicaps (LEASP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Infectious diseases division, Department of internal medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Innsbruck Medical University [Austria] (IMU), Department of Epidemiology [Rotterdam], Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Laboratoire d'Etude des Mammifères Marins (LEMM), Océanopolis [Brest], Faculté de Médecine Henri Warembourg - Université de Lille, Institute of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Icelandic Heart Association, Heart Preventive Clinic and Research Institute, Centro Investig Quim Aplicada, Coahuila, Mexico, Centro Investigacion en Quimica Aplicada, Coahuila, Mexico, University of Geneva [Switzerland], Department of Civil Engineering [Hamirpur], National Institute of Technology [Hamirpur], Health Services Research Unit, Danish Cancer Society, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), University College of London [London] (UCL), The Georges Institute for International Health, The University of Sydney, School of Information Technology, Deakin University Waurn Ponds, Faculté de Médecine, Université Djilali Liabès [Sidi-Bel-Abbès], Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), VU University Medical Center [Amsterdam], Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science, American University of Beirut [Beyrouth] (AUB), Åbo Akademi University [Turku], Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor [Ca], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Research Center for Prevention and Health, University of Ljubljana, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, University of Crete School of medicine, School of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Research Institute of Child Nutrition Dortmund, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Department of Oncology, University of Tampere Medical School, University of Tampere, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Centre for Environmental Health, National Institue of Public Health, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione (INRAN), INRAN, National University of Singapore (NUS), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences [Tampere], University of Tampere [Finland], Centre Européen de Réalité Virtuelle (CERV), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB), Uppsala Universitet [Uppsala], Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg (GU), Institute of Earthquake Science, CEA, Beijing, CEA, Beijing, University of Porto Medical School, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique D'Orsay (LCPO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aging Program, National research council, Padua, Italy, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Institute of Internal Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Départment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Oran Es-Senia [Oran] | Université d'Oran Es-Senia [Oran], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Tartu, Department of Community, Université Ain Shams-Faculty of Medicine-Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Pécsi Tudemányegyetem, Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Université Ain Shams, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry [Ulm, Allemagne], Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, MRc Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Cardiology and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute – ISPO, Social Robotics Laboratory, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Department of Cardiology, Eastbourne General Hospital, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center [Utrecht], Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), King‘s College London, Public Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Movement Disorders and Tourette Centre, Genetica medicala, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy (UMFT), Andrology Unit, United Laboratories of Tartu University Clinics, Tampere University Hospital, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Dept of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London-School of public health, The University of Hong Kong (HKU)-The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Department of Emergency and Cardiovascular Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, Murcia, Spain, parent, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare [Helsinki], University of São Paulo (USP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institute for plasma research, Institute for Plasma Research, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC - Academic medical center, Central Hospital and Faculty of medicine and biomedical sciences university, University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University [Lund]-Lund University Diabetes Centre, School of Computing [Leeds], University of Leeds, Copenhagen University Hospital, Neuroépidémiologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Maastricht University [Maastricht], Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire (IGE-PCV), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Applied Food Science, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, University of Amsterdam, Dept. of Social Medecine, Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal [Durban, Afrique du Sud] (UKZN)-Medical Research Council of South Africa, Center for Family and Community Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences [Leuven], Cancer Epidemiology Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion (MONICA Data Centre), National Public Health Institute, Nutrition et Alimentation des Populations aux Suds (NutriPass), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Havard School of Public Health, Dept of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School [Athens], University of Kuopio, Tampere University, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Department of Social Medicine, Amsterdam, Center for Metabolic Bone Diseases, Catholic University of Leuven, Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Universidad Miguel Hernández [Elche] (UMH), Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition [Kuopio, Finland], Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV), Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Medical University of Silesia (SUM), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), University of Innsbruck, National Institute of Hygiene Warsaw, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore], Food Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (CAE-NUAA), NUAA, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, Siemens Corporate Research, Siemens AG [Munich], Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust [101506/Z/13/Z]., NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). We thank WHO country and regional offices and the World Heart Federation for support in data identification and access., Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), University of Turin, Universidade do Porto, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Lille 2 - Faculté de Médecine, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN)-Medical Research Council of South Africa, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lund University Diabetes Centre-Lund University [Lund], Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, University of Kentucky (UK), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Lausanne University Hospital, University of Oxford, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Innsbruck Medical University = Medizinische Universität Innsbruck (IMU), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Deakin University [Waurn Ponds], Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro = University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Lund University [Lund], Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene [Poland], Yiallouros, Panayiotis K. [0000-0002-8339-9285], Giampaoli, Simona [0000-0002-6679-1488], Moschonis, George [0000-0003-3009-6675], Papandreou, Dimitrios [0000-0002-4923-484X], Stathopoulou, Maria G. [0000-0003-4376-2083], Stergiou, George S. [0000-0002-6132-0038], Trichopoulou, Antonia [0000-0002-7204-6396], Valvi, Damaskini [0000-0003-4633-229X], Chen, Z, Woodward, M, Key, T, and Smith, M
Subjects: systolic blood pressure, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, blood pressure measurement, HEALTH EXAMINATION SURVEYS, Blood Pressure, Hypertension, Population Health, Global Health, Non-communicable Disease, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], global health, South Asia, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.09 [https], kohonnut verenpaine, Medicine and Health Sciences, middle income country, measurement method, skin and connective tissue diseases, VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Klinisk medisinske fag: 750::Kardiologi: 771, Public, Environmental & Occupational Health, adult, Population health, public health, blood pressure regulation, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Non-communicable disease, kansainvälinen vertailu, health survey, aged, female, priority journal, Blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, GLOBAL TRENDS, SODIUM-INTAKE, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, survey design, hypertension, prevalence, Global health, UNITED-STATES, URBAN COMMUNITIES, Article, SECULAR TRENDS, Middle East, Central Asia, male, disease prevalence, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, kansanterveys, blood, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, human, verenpainetauti, non-communicable disease, Science & Technology, Pacific Ocean, high income country, diastolic blood pressure, Pacific Rim, Blood Pressure - Epidemiology - Population, North Africa, major clinical study, HYPERTENSION PREVALENCE, verenpaine, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, ARTERIAL-HYPERTENSION, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, POTASSIUM INTAKE, sense organs, trend analysis, trend study, population research, population health, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, low income country
Abstract: Background: Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and changes in its high-blood-pressure tail (representing successful clinical interventions to control blood pressure in the hypertensive population). Our aim was to quantify the contributions of these two phenomena to the worldwide trends in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. Methods: We pooled 1018 population-based studies with blood pressure measurements on 88.6 million participants from 1985 to 2016. We first calculated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and prevalence of raised blood pressure by sex and 10-year age group from 20-29 years to 70-79 years in each study, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights, where relevant. We used a linear mixed effect model to quantify the association between (probit-transformed) prevalence of raised blood pressure and age-group-and sex-specific mean blood pressure. We calculated the contributions of change in mean SBP and DBP, and of change in the prevalence-mean association, to the change in prevalence of raised blood pressure. Results: In 2005-16, at the same level of population mean SBP and DBP, men and women in South Asia and in Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa would have the highest prevalence of raised blood pressure, and men and women in the high-income Asia Pacific and high-income Western regions would have the lowest. In most region-sex-age groups where the prevalence of raised blood pressure declined, one half or more of the decline was due to the decline in mean blood pressure. Where prevalence of raised blood pressure has increased, the change was entirely driven by increasing mean blood pressure, offset partly by the change in the prevalence-mean association. Conclusions: Change in mean blood pressure is the main driver of the worldwide change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure, but change in the high-blood-pressure tail of the distribution has also contributed to the change in prevalence, especially in older age groups., This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust [101506/Z/13/Z].
Published: 2018

20. Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: a pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) Members are listed at the end of the paper

Author: Zhou, Bin, Bentham, James, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Bixby, Honor, Danaei, Goodarz, Hajifathalian, Kaveh, Taddei, Cristina, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M., Djalalinia, Shirin, Khatibzadeh, Shahab, Lugero, Charles, Peykari, Niloofar, Zhang, Wan Zhu, Bennett, James, Bilano, Ver, Stevens, Gretchen A., Cowan, Melanie J., Riley, Leanne M., Chen, Zhengming, Hambleton, Ian R., Jackson, Rod T., Kengne, Andre Pascal, Khang, Young-Ho, Laxmaiah, Avula, Liu, Jing, Malekzadeh, Reza, Neuhauser, Hannelore K., Soric, Maroje, Starc, Gregor, Sundstrom, Johan, Woodward, Mark, Ezzati, Majid, Abarca-Gomez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A., Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M., Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J., Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadvand, Alireza, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Ajlouni, Kamel, Akhtaeva, Nazgul, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Ali, Mohamed M., Ali, Osman, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N., Amouyel, Philippe, Amuzu, Antoinette, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A., Angquist, Lars H., Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansong, Daniel, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araujo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Arveiler, Dominique, Aryal, Krishna K., Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K., Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F., Avdicova, Maria, Azevedo, Ana, Azizi, Fereidoun, Babu, Bontha V., Bahijri, Suhad, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, Jose R., Barbagallo, Carlo M., Barcelo, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio J. D., Barros, Mauro V., Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M., Batyrbek, Assembekov, Baur, Louise A., Beaglehole, Robert, Ben Romdhane, Habiba, Benet, Mikhail, Benson, Lowell S., Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotiene, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloisa, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bharadwaj, Sumit, Bhargava, Santosh K., Bi, Yufang, Bikbov, Mukharram, Bista, Bihungum, Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius B., Bjorkelund, Cecilia, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boeing, Heiner, Boggia, Jose G., Boissonnet, Carlos P., Bongard, Vanina, Borchini, Rossana, Bovet, Pascal, Braeckman, Lutgart, Brajkovich, Imperia, Branca, Francesco, Breckenkamp, Jürgen, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M., Bruno, Graziella, Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bugge, Anna, Burns, Con, Bursztyn, Michael, Cabrera de Leon, Antonio, Cacciottolo, Joseph, Cai, Hui, Cameron, Christine, Can, Gunay, Candido, Ana Paula C., Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardoso, Viviane C., Carlsson, Axel C., Carvalho, Maria J., Casanueva, Felipe F., Casas, Juan-Pablo, Caserta, Carmelo A., Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Angelique W., Chan, Queenie, Chaturvedi, Himanshu K., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Huashuai, Chen, Shuohua, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Cherkaoui Dekkaki, Imane, Chetrit, Angela, Chiolero, Arnaud, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores, Cho, Belong, Cho, Yumi, Christofaro, Diego G., Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Cinteza, Eliza, Claessens, Frank, Clays, Els, Concin, Hans, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Rachel, Coppinger, Tara C., Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chris, Craig, Cora L., Crujeiras, Ana B., Cruz, Juan J., D'Arrigo, Graziella, d'Orsi, Eleonora, Dallongeville, Jean, Damasceno, Albertino, Dankner, Rachel, Dantoft, Thomas M., Dauchet, Luc, Davletov, Kairat, De Backer, Guy, De Bacquer, Dirk, de Gaetano, Giovanni, De Henauw, Stefaan, de Oliveira, Paula Duarte, De Smedt, Delphine, Deepa, Mohan, Dehghan, Abbas, Delisle, Helene, Deschamps, Valerie, Dhana, Klodian, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F., Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares, Diaz, Alejandro, Dickerson, Ty T., Do, Ha T. P., Dobson, Annette J., Donfrancesco, Chiara, Donoso, Silvana P., Doering, Angela, Dorobantu, Maria, Doua, Kouamelan, Drygas, Wojciech, Dulskiene, Virginija, Dzakula, Aleksandar, Dzerve, Vilnis, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta, Eggertsen, Robert, Ekelund, Ulf, El Ati, Jalila, Elliott, Paul, Elosua, Roberto, Erasmus, Rajiv T., Erem, Cihangir, Eriksen, Louise, Eriksson, Johan G., Escobedo-de la Pena, Jorge, Evans, Alun, Faeh, David, Fall, Caroline H., Farzadfar, Farshad, Felix-Redondo, Francisco J., Ferguson, Trevor S., Fernandes, Romulo A., Fernandez-Berges, Daniel, Ferrante, Daniel, Ferrari, Marika, Ferreccio, Catterina, Ferrieres, Jean, Finn, Joseph D., Fischer, Krista, Foger, Bernhard, Foo, Leng Huat, Forslund, Ann-Sofie, Forsner, Maria, Fouad, Heba M., Francis, Damian K., Franco, Maria do Carmo, Franco, Oscar H., Frontera, Guillermo, Fuchs, Flavio D., Fuchs, Sandra C., Fujita, Yuki, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Galvano, Fabio, Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli, Gareta, Dickman, Garnett, Sarah P., Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gates, Louise, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Ghasemian, Anoosheh, Ghimire, Anup, Giampaoli, Simona, Gianfagna, Francesco, Gill, Tiffany K., Giovannelli, Jonathan, Goldsmith, Rebecca A., Goncalves, Helen, Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela, Gonzalez-Rivas, Juan P., Bonet Gorbea, Mariano, Gottrand, Frederic, Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Grafnetter, Dusan, Grajda, Aneta, Grammatikopoulou, Maria G., Gregor, Ronald D., Grodzicki, Tomasz, Grontved, Anders, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gruden, Gabriella, Grujic, Vera, Gu, Dongfeng, Guan, Ong Peng, Gudmundsson, Elias F., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guerrero, Ramiro, Guessous, Idris, Guimaraes, Andre L., Gulliford, Martin C., Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna, Gunter, Marc, Gupta, Prakash C., Gupta, Rajeev, Gureje, Oye, Gurzkowska, Beata, Gutierrez, Laura, Gutzwiller, Felix, Hadaegh, Farzad, Halkjaer, Jytte, Hardy, Rebecca, Kumar, Rachakulla Hari, Hata, Jun, Hayes, Alison J., He, Jiang, He, Yuna, Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth, Henriques, Ana, Hernandez Cadena, Leticia, Herrala, Sauli, Heshmat, Ramin, Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, Ho, Sai Yin, Ho, Suzanne C., Hobbs, Michael, Hofman, Albert, Dinc, Gonul Horasan, Horimoto, Andrea R. V. R., Hormiga, Claudia M., Horta, Bernardo L., Houti, Leila, Howitt, Christina, Htay, Thein Thein, Htet, Aung Soe, Htike, Maung Maung Than, Hu, Yonghua, Maria Huerta, Jose, Huisman, Martijn, Husseini, Abdullatif S., Huybrechts, Inge, Hwalla, Nahla, Iacoviello, Licia, Iannone, Anna G., Ibrahim, Mohsen M., Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim, Ikeda, Nayu, Ikram, M. Arfan, Irazola, Vilma E., Islam, Muhammad, Ismail, Aziz al-Safi, Ivkovic, Vanja, Iwasaki, Masanori, Jacobs, Jeremy M., Jaddou, Hashem, Jafar, Tazeen, Jamrozik, Konrad, Janszky, Imre, Jasienska, Grazyna, Jelakovic, Ana, Jelakovic, Bojan, Jennings, Garry, Jeong, Seung-lyeal, Jiang, Chao Qiang, Joffres, Michel, Johansson, Mattias, Jokelainen, Jari J., Jonas, Jost B., Jorgensen, Torben, Joshi, Pradeep, Jozwiak, Jacek, Juolevi, Anne, Jurak, Gregor, Juresa, Vesna, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kafatos, Anthony, Kajantie, Eero O., Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kamaruddin, Nor Azmi, Karki, Khem B., Kasaeian, Amir, Katz, Joanne, Kauhanen, Jussi, Kaur, Prabhdeep, Kavousi, Maryam, Kazakbaeva, Gyulli, Keil, Ulrich, Boker, Lital Keinan, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka, Kelishadi, Roya, Kemper, Han C. G., Kengne, Andre P., Kerimkulova, Alina, Kersting, Mathilde, Key, Timothy, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalili, Davood, Khateeb, Mohammad, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula, Kiechl, Stefan, Killewo, Japhet, Kim, Jeongseon, Kim, Yeon-Yong, Klumbiene, Jurate, Knoflach, Michael, Kolle, Elin, Kolsteren, Patrick, Korrovits, Paul, Koskinen, Seppo, Kouda, Katsuyasu, Kowlessur, Sudhir, Koziel, Slawomir, Kriemler, Susi, Kristensen, Peter Lund, Krokstad, Steinar, Kromhout, Daan, Kruger, Herculina S., Kubinova, Ruzena, Kuciene, Renata, Kuh, Diana, Kujala, Urho M., Kulaga, Zbigniew, Kumar, R. Krishna, Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S., Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Laatikainen, Tiina, Lachat, Carl, Lam, Tai Hing, Landrove, Orlando, Lanska, Vera, Lappas, Georg, Larijani, Bagher, Laugsand, Lars E., Khanh Le Nguyen Bao, Khanh Le Nguyen Bao, Le, Tuyen D., Leclercq, Catherine, Lee, Jeannette, Lee, Jeonghee, Lehtimaki, Terho, Leon-Munoz, Luz M., Levitt, Naomi S., Li, Yanping, Lilly, Christa L., Lim, Wei-Yen, Fernanda Lima-Costa, M., Lin, Hsien-Ho, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lars, Linneberg, Allan, Lissner, Lauren, Litwin, Mieczyslaw, Lorbeer, Roberto, Lotufo, Paulo A., Eugenio Lozano, Jose, Luksiene, Dalia, Lundqvist, Annamari, Lunet, Nuno, Lytsy, Per, Ma, Jun, Machado-Coelho, George L. L., Machi, Suka, Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J., Magriplis, Emmanuella, Majer, Marjeta, Makdisse, Marcia, Malhotra, Rahul, Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna, Malyutina, Sofia, Manios, Yannis, Mann, Jim I., Manzato, Enzo, Margozzini, Paula, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Marques, Larissa Pruner, Marrugat, Jaume, Martorell, Reynaldo, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Matijasevich, Alicia, Matsha, Tandi E., Mbanya, Jean Claude N., Posso, Anselmo J. Mc Donald, McFarlane, Shelly R., McGarvey, Stephen T., McLachlan, Stela, McLean, Rachael M., McLean, Scott B., McNulty, Breige A., Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia, Medzioniene, Jurate, Meirhaeghe, Aline, Meisinger, Christa, Menezes, Ana Maria B., Menon, Geetha R., Meshram, Indrapal I., Metspalu, Andres, Meyer, Haakon E., Mi, Jie, Mikkel, Kairit, Miller, Jody C., Minderico, Claudia S., Francisco, Juan, Jaime Miranda, J., Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Misigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta, Modesti, Pietro A., Mohamed, Mostafa K., Mohammad, Kazem, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mohanna, Salim, Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd, Mollehave, Line T., Moller, Niels C., Molnar, Denes, Momenan, Amirabbas, Mondo, Charles K., Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K., Moon, Jin Soo, Moreira, Leila B., Morejon, Alain, Moreno, Luis A., Morgan, Karen, Moschonis, George, Mossakowska, Malgorzata, Mostafa, Aya, Mota, Jorge, Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel, Motta, Jorge, Msyamboza, Kelias P., Mu, Thet Thet, Muiesan, Maria L., Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina, Murphy, Neil, Mursu, Jaakko, Musil, Vera, Nabipour, Iraj, Nagel, Gabriele, Naidu, Balkish M., Nakamura, Harunobu, Namesna, Jana, Nang, Ei Ei K., Nangia, Vinay B., Narake, Sameer, Nauck, Matthias, Maria Navarrete-Munoz, Eva, Ndiaye, Ndeye Coumba, Neal, William A., Nenko, Ilona, Neovius, Martin, Nervi, Flavio, Nguyen, Chung T., Nguyen, D. Nguyen, Quang Ngoc Nguyen, Quang Ngoc Nguyen, Nguyen, Quang V., Nieto-Martinez, Ramfis E., Niiranen, Teemu J., Ning, Guang, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Nishtar, Sania, Noale, Marianna, Noboa, Oscar A., Noorbala, Ahmad Ali, Norat, Teresa, Noto, Davide, Al Nsour, Mohannad, O'Reilly, Dermot, Oda, Eiji, Oehlers, Glenn, Oh, Kyungwon, Ohara, Kumiko, Olinto, Maria Teresa A., Oliveira, Isabel O., Azahadi, Mohd, Onat, Altan, Ong, Sok King, Ono, Lariane M., Ordunez, Pedro, Ornelas, Rui, Osmond, Clive, Ostojic, Sergej M., Ostovar, Afshin, Otero, Johanna A., Overvad, Kim, Owusu-Dabo, Ellis, Paccaud, Fred Michel, Padez, Cristina, Pahomova, Elena, Pajak, Andrzej, Palli, Domenico, Palmieri, Luigi, Pan, Wen-Harn, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Panza, Francesco, Papandreou, Dimitrios, Park, Soon-Woo, Parnell, Winsome R., Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patel, Nikhil D., Pecin, Ivan, Pednekar, Mangesh S., Peer, Nasheeta, Peeters, Petra H., Peixoto, Sergio Viana, Peltonen, Markku, Pereira, Alexandre C., Peters, Annette, Petersmann, Astrid, Petkeviciene, Janina, Son Thai Pham, Son Thai Pham, Pigeot, Iris, Pikhart, Hynek, Pilav, Aida, Pilotto, Lorenza, Pitakaka, Freda, Piwonska, Aleksandra, Plans-Rubio, Pedro, Polasek, Ozren, Porta, Miquel, Portegies, Marileen L. P., Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Prashant, Mathur, Price, Jacqueline F., Puder, Jardena J., Puiu, Maria, Punab, Margus, Qasrawi, Radwan F., Qorbani, Mostafa, Tran Quoc Bao, Tran Quoc Bao, Radic, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricardas, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Rao, Sudha Ramachandra, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramos, Elisabete, Rampal, Lekhraj, Rampal, Sanjay, Reina, Daniel A. Rangel, Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M., Ribeiro, Robespierre, Riboli, Elio, Rigo, Fernando, de Wit, Tobias F. Rinke, Ritti-Dias, Raphael M., Robinson, Sian M., Robitaille, Cynthia, Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Maria, Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A., Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Romaguera, Dora, Ronkainen, Kimmo, Rosengren, Annika, Roy, Joel G. R., Rubinstein, Adolfo, Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sachdev, Harshpal S., Saidi, Olfa, Sakarya, Sibel, Salanave, Benoit, Salazar Martinez, Eduardo, Salmeron, Diego, Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T., Salvetti, Massimo, Sanchez-Abanto, Jose, Sans, Susana, Santos, Diana A., Santos, Ina S., dos Santos, Renata Nunes, Santos, Rute, Saramies, Jouko L., Sardinha, Luis B., Sarganas, Giselle, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savva, Savvas, Scazufca, Marcia, Schargrodsky, Herman, Schipf, Sabine, Schmidt, Carsten O., Schoettker, Ben, Schultsz, Constance, Schutte, Aletta E., Sein, Aye Aye, Sen, Abhijit, Senbanjo, Idowu O., Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Sharma, Sanjib K., Shaw, Jonathan E., Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Dong Wook, Shin, Youchan, Si-Ramlee, Khairil, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M., Santos Silva, Diego Augusto, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A., Sjostrom, Michael, Skovbjerg, Sine, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Smeeth, Liam, Smith, Margaret C., Snijder, Marieke B., So, Hung-Kwan, Sobngwi, Eugene, Soderberg, Stefan, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Sonestedt, Emily, Song, Yi, Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Jerome, Charles Sossa, Soumare, Aicha, Staessen, Jan A., Stathopoulou, Maria G., Stavreski, Bill, Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Stehle, Peter, Stein, Aryeh D., Stergiou, George S., Stessman, Jochanan, Stieber, Jutta, Stoeckl, Doris, Stocks, Tanja, Stokwiszewski, Jakub, Stronks, Karien, Strufaldi, Maria Wany, Sun, Chien-An, Sung, Yn-Tz, Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul, Sy, Rody G., Tai, E. Shyong, Tammesoo, Mari-Liis, Tamosiunas, Abdonas, Tan, Eng Joo, Tang, Xun, Tanser, Frank, Tao, Yong, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B., Tautu, Oana-Florentina, Taylor, Anne, Theobald, Holger, Theodoridis, Xenophon, Thijs, Lutgarde, Thuesen, Betina H., Tjonneland, Anne, Tolonen, Hanna K., Tolstrup, Janne S., Topbas, Murat, Topor-Madry, Roman, Jose Tormo, Maria, Torrent, Maties, Traissac, Pierre, Trichopoulos, Dimitrios, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Trinh, Oanh T. H., Trivedi, Atul, Tshepo, Lechaba, Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K., Tullu, Fikru, Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Turley, Maria L., Tynelius, Per, Tzourio, Christophe, Ueda, Peter, Ugel, Eunice E., Ulmer, Hanno, Uusitalo, Hannu M. T., Valdivia, Gonzalo, Valvi, Damaskini, van der Schouw, Yvonne T., Van Herck, Koen, Hoang Van Minh, Hoang Van Minh, van Rossem, Lenie, Van Schoor, Natasja M., van Valkengoed, Irene G. M., Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Vatten, Lars, Vega, Tomas, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Veronesi, Giovanni, Verschuren, W. M. Monique, Verstraeten, Roosmarijn, Victora, Cesar G., Viet, Lucie, Viikari-Juntura, Eira, Vineis, Paolo, Vioque, Jesus, Virtanen, Jyrki K., Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vlasoff, Tiina, Vollenweider, Peter, Voutilainen, Sari, Wade, Alisha N., Wagner, Aline, Walton, Janette, Bebakar, Wan Mohamad Wan, Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan, Wanderley, Rildo S., Jr., Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Qian, Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Ying-Wei, Wannamethee, S. Goya, Wareham, Nicholas, Wedderkopp, Niels, Weerasekera, Deepa, Whincup, Peter H., Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S., Wiecek, Andrzej, Wijga, Alet H., Wilks, Rainford J., Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Williams, Emmanuel A., Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong-McClure, Roy A., Wong, Justin Y. Y., Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Wu, Aleksander Giwercman, Wu, Frederick C., Wu, Shouling, Xu, Haiquan, Yan, Weili, Yang, Xiaoguang, Ye, Xingwang, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K., Yoshihara, Akihiro, Younger-Coleman, Novie O., Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi, Zainuddin, Ahmad Ali, Zambon, Sabina, Zampelas, Antonis, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Zeng, Yi, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Wenhua, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zhu, Dan, Zhussupov, Baurzhan, Zimmermann, Esther, and Cisneros, Julio Zuniga
Subjects: hypertension, Blood pressure, global health, sense organs, population health, non-communicable disease
Abstract: Background: Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and changes in its high-blood-pressure tail (representing successful clinical interventions to control blood pressure in the hypertensive population). Our aim was to quantify the contributions of these two phenomena to the worldwide trends in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. Methods: We pooled 1018 population-based studies with blood pressure measurements on 88.6 million participants from 1985 to 2016. We first calculated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and prevalence of raised blood pressure by sex and 10-year age group from 20-29 years to 70-79 years in each study, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights, where relevant. We used a linear mixed effect model to quantify the association between (probit-transformed) prevalence of raised blood pressure and age-group-and sex-specific mean blood pressure. We calculated the contributions of change in mean SBP and DBP, and of change in the prevalence-mean association, to the change in prevalence of raised blood pressure. Results: In 2005-16, at the same level of population mean SBP and DBP, men and women in South Asia and in Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa would have the highest prevalence of raised blood pressure, and men and women in the high-income Asia Pacific and high-income Western regions would have the lowest. In most region-sex-age groups where the prevalence of raised blood pressure declined, one half or more of the decline was due to the decline in mean blood pressure. Where prevalence of raised blood pressure has increased, the change was entirely driven by increasing mean blood pressure, offset partly by the change in the prevalence-mean association. Conclusions: Change in mean blood pressure is the main driver of the worldwide change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure, but change in the high-blood-pressure tail of the distribution has also contributed to the change in prevalence, especially in older age groups.
Published: 2018

21. Reply to S Voutilainen et al

Author: Uiterwaal, Cuno S. P. M., Verschuren, W. M. Monique, Grobbee, Diederick E., and University of Groningen
Subjects: RISK, HYPERTENSION
Published: 2007

22. Interactions between five candidate genes and antihypertensive drug therapy on blood pressure

Author: Schelleman, H, Stricker, B H Ch, Verschuren, W M M, de Boer, A, Kroon, A A, de Leeuw, P W, Kromhout, D, Klungel, O H, Dep Farmaceutische wetenschappen, Sub Pharmacotherapy, Theoretical, Epidemiology, Cardiology, Pediatrics, Dep Farmaceutische wetenschappen, and Sub Pharmacotherapy, Theoretical
Subjects: Male, Nutrition and Disease, medicine.medical_treatment, Angiotensinogen, Blood Pressure, Cohort Studies, Angiotensin, Voeding en Ziekte, Prospective Studies, Antihypertensive drug, biology, allele, Middle Aged, Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins, Hypertension, Molecular Medicine, Female, Drug, GNB3, Receptor, Type 1, medicine.medical_specialty, hypertension, Genotype, medicine.drug_class, Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A, Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1, Dose-Response Relationship, Genetic, Internal medicine, Renin–angiotensin system, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Polymorphism, Antihypertensive Agents, VLAG, Pharmacology, Polymorphism, Genetic, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, association, Angiotensin-converting enzyme, Angiotensin II, Endocrinology, Blood pressure, angiotensinogen, biology.protein, Calmodulin-Binding Proteins, Diuretic, polymorphisms, Pharmacogenetics
Abstract: Despite the availability of effective antihypertensive drugs, there is a large variation in response to these drugs. This study investigates whether polymorphisms in the angiotensin converting enzyme (I/D), angiotensinogen (M235T), alpha-adducin (G460W), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (1166A/C), or G protein beta(3)-subunit (825C/T) gene modify the mean difference in blood pressure levels among diuretics, beta-blockers, or ACE-inhibitors users. Data were used from the Doetinchem Cohort Study, and blood pressure data were collected from GPs (1987-1997). A marginal generalized linear model (GEE) was used to assess the gene-drug interaction on the mean difference in systolic/diastolic blood pressure. In total, 625 hypertensive individuals were included with a total of 5262 measurements of blood pressure. Only the interaction between diuretic use and the GNB3 825C/T polymorphism was significant (C allele versus TT systolic blood pressure (SBP): 4.33 mmHg [95% CI: 0.14-8.54]). Thus, the mean SBP level among diuretic users may be modified by the GNB3 825C/T polymorphism.
Published: 2006

23. Blood Pressure and Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.

Author: Weikert, Steffen, Boeing, Heiner, Pischon, Tobias, Weikert, Cornelia, Olsen, Anja, Tjonneland, Anne, Overvad, Kim, Becker, Nikolaus, Linseisen, Jakob, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Mountokalakis, Theodore, Trichopoulos, Dimitrios, Sieri, Sabina, Palli, Domenico, Vineis, Paolo, Panico, Salvatore, Peeters, Petra H. M., Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas, Verschuren, W. M. Monique, and Ljungberg, Borje
Subjects: BLOOD pressure, RENAL cell carcinoma, ANTIHYPERTENSIVE agents, CONFIDENCE intervals, MORTALITY, ETIOLOGY of diseases, CANCER risk factors
Abstract: Elevated blood pressure has been implicated as a risk factor for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but prospective studies were confined to men and did not consider the effect of antihypertensive medication. The authors examined the relation among blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, and RCC in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Blood pressure was measured in 296,638 women and men, recruited in eight European countries during 1992–1998, 254,935 of whom provided information on antihypertensive medication. During a mean follow-up of 6.2 years, 250 cases of RCC were identified. Blood pressure was independently associated with risk of RCC. The relative risks for the highest versus the lowest category of systolic (≥160 mmHg vs. <120 mmHg) and diastolic (≥100 mmHg vs. <80 mmHg) blood pressures were 2.48 (95% confidence interval: 1.53, 4.02) and 2.34 (95% confidence interval: 1.54, 3.55). Risk estimates did not significantly differ according to sex or use of antihypertensive medication. Individuals taking antihypertensive drugs were not at a significantly increased risk unless blood pressure was poorly controlled. These results support the hypothesis that hypertension, rather than its medications, increases the risk of RCC in both sexes, while effective blood pressure control may lower the risk. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Published: 2008
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24. The Pooled Cohort Equations Over-predict Risk in Women With Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy, Even After Refitting the Model.

Author: Dam, Veerle, Onland-Moret, N. C., Verschuren, W. M., Boer, Jolanda M., Moons, Karel G., Boersma, Eric, and van der Schouw, Yvonne T.
Abstract: Introduction: The AHA guidelines for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) in Women describe hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) as a failed stress test, which might unmask early CVD. An abundance of prediction models for CVD risk is available for the general population, but their validity in women with HDP is not established. Hypothesis: The prognostic performance of the Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE) is lower in women with HDP compared to women without HDP and recalibrating and refitting the model will improve the prognostic performance. Methods: Data were used from 27,339 women out of the MORGEN and PROSPECT cohorts; we excluded those who had never been pregnant. In total, 5,358 answered the question: 'Did you suffer from high blood pressure during pregnancy?' with 'Yes'; and 15,266 with 'No'. Outcome definition was equal to that in the original PCE model. MORGEN and PROSPECT were analyzed separately, because of differences in characteristics (e.g. MORGEN is younger and has more current smokers) and observed risks. First, we calculated the 10-year predicted risk and compared this with the observed risk. Subsequently, the model was updated in three steps: by recalibrating the mean linear predictor, by additionally updating the baseline hazard, and by refitting the full model. The performance of all models was quantified by calibration (calibration plot, expected:observed ratio) and discrimination (c-statistic). Results: The Table shows that the original model over-predicts risk in all women, but more in women without HDP. Calibration plots improved most after refitting, which is confirmed by the expected:observed ratio, although the model still over-predicts. Refitting only improved discrimination in women with HDP, but not in women without HDP. Conclusion: The PCE over-predicts risk in women with and without HDP, even after refitting the model. Discrimination is overall quite good, except for MORGEN women without HDP. Especially in women with HDP the model discrimination benefits from refitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2017
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25. Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Author: Zhou, B, Carrillo-Larco, Rm, Danaei, G, Riley, Lm, Paciorek, Cj, Stevens, Ga, Gregg, Ew, Bennett, Je, Solomon, B, Singleton, Rk, Sophiea, Mk, Iurilli, Mlc, Lhoste, Vpf, Cowan, Mj, Savin, S, Woodward, M, Balanova, Y, Cifkova, R, Damasceno, A, Elliott, P, Farzadfar, F, He, J, Ikeda, N, Kengne, Ap, Khang, Yh, Kim, Hc, Laxmaiah, A, Lin, Hh, Maira, Pm, Miranda, Jj, Neuhauser, H, Sundstrom, J, Varghese, C, Widyahening, Is, Zdrojewski, T, Ezzati, M, Abarca-Gomez, L, Abdeen, Za, Rahim, Hfa, Abu-Rmeileh, Nm, Acosta-Cazares, B, Adams, Rj, Aekplakorn, W, Afsana, K, Afzal, S, Agdeppa, Ia, Aghazadeh-Attari, J, Aguilar-Salinas, Ca, Agyemang, C, Ahmad, Na, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, N, Ahmadizar, F, Ahmed, Sh, Ahrens, W, Ajlouni, K, Al-Raddadi, R, Alarouj, M, Albuhairan, F, Aldhukair, S, Ali, Mm, Alkandari, A, Alkerwi, A, Allin, K, Aly, E, Amarapurkar, Dn, Amougou, N, Amouyel, P, Andersen, Lb, Anderssen, Sa, Anjana, Rm, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Ansong, D, Aounallah-Skhiri, H, Araujo, J, Ariansen, I, 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Larijani, Tint Swe Latt, Gwenaëlle Le Coroller, Khanh Le Nguyen Bao, Tuyen D Le, Jeannette Lee, Jeonghee Lee, Nils Lehmann, Terho Lehtimäki, Daniel Lemogoum, Naomi S Levitt, Yanping Li, Christa L Lilly, Wei-Yen Lim, M Fernanda Lima-Costa, Xu Lin, Yi-Ting Lin, Lars Lind, Vijaya Lingam, Allan Linneberg, Lauren Lissner, Mieczyslaw Litwin, Wei-Cheng Lo, Helle-Mai Loit, Esther Lopez-Garcia, Tania Lopez, Paulo A Lotufo, José Eugenio Lozano, Iva Lukačević Lovrenčić, Janice L Lukrafka, Dalia Luksiene, Annamari Lundqvist, Robert Lundqvist, Nuno Lunet, Michala Lustigová, Edyta Luszczki, Guansheng Ma, Jun Ma, George Ll Machado-Coelho, Aristides M Machado-Rodrigues, Enguerran Macia, Luisa M Macieira, Ahmed A Madar, Stefania Maggi, Dianna J Magliano, Emmanuella Magriplis, Gowri Mahasampath, Bernard Maire, Marjeta Majer, Marcia Makdisse, Fatemeh Malekzadeh, Reza Malekzadeh, Rahul Malhotra, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Rao, Sofia K Malyutina, Lynell V Maniego, Yannis Manios, Jim I Mann, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Enzo Manzato, Anie Marcil, Staffan B Mårild, Mihalea Marinović Glavić, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Larissa Pruner Marques, Jaume Marrugat, Reynaldo Martorell, Luis P Mascarenhas, Marija Matasin, Ellisiv B Mathiesen, Prashant Mathur, Alicia Matijasevich, Piotr Matlosz, Tandi E Matsha, Christina Mavrogianni, Jean Claude N Mbanya, Anselmo J Mc Donald Posso, Shelly R McFarlane, Stephen T McGarvey, Stela McLachlan, Rachael M McLean, Scott B McLean, Breige A McNulty, Sounnia Mediene Benchekor, Jurate Medzioniene, Parinaz Mehdipour, Kirsten Mehlig, Amir Houshang Mehrparvar, Aline Meirhaeghe, Christa Meisinger, Carlos Mendoza Montano, Ana Maria B Menezes, Geetha R Menon, Alibek Mereke, Indrapal I Meshram, Andres Metspalu, Haakon E Meyer, Jie Mi, Nathalie Michels, Kairit Mikkel, Karolina Milkowska, Jody C Miller, Cláudia S Minderico, G K Mini, Mohammad Reza Mirjalili, Erkin Mirrakhimov, Marjeta Mišigoj-Duraković, Pietro A Modesti, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Bahram Mohajer, Mostafa K 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Arfan, Iotova, Violeta, Irazola, Vilma E., Ishida, Takafumi, Isiguzo, Godsent C., Islam, Muhammad, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Iwasaki, Masanori, Jackson, Rod T., Jacobs, Jeremy M., Jaddou, Hashem Y., Jafar, Tazeen, James, Kenneth, Jamrozik, Konrad, Janszky, Imre, Janus, Edward, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Jasienska, Grazyna, Jelakovic, Ana, Jelakovic, Bojan, Jennings, Garry, Jha, Anjani Kumar, Jiang, Chao Qiang, Jimenez, Ramon O., Joeckel, Karl-Heinz, Joffres, Michel, Johansson, Mattias, Jokelainen, Jari J., Jonas, Jost B., Jorgensen, Torben, Joshi, Pradeep, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek, Juolevi, Anne, Jurak, Gregor, Juresa, Vesna, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kafatos, Anthony, Kajantie, Eero O., Kalmatayeva, Zhanna, Kalpourtzi, Natasa, Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kampmann, Freja B., Kannan, Srinivasan, Karaglani, Eva, Karhus, Line L., Karki, Khem B., Katibeh, Marzieh, Katz, Joanne, Kauhanen, Jussi, Kaur, Prabhdeep, Kavousi, Maryam, Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M., Keil, Ulrich, Boker, Lital Keinan, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka, Kelishadi, Roya, Kemper, Han C. 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D. A., Peres, Marco A., Peters, Annette, Petkeviciene, Janina, Peykari, Niloofar, Son Thai Pham, Pichardo, Rafael N., Pigeot, Iris, Pikhart, Hynek, Pilav, Aida, Pilotto, Lorenza, Pitakaka, Freda, Piwonska, Aleksandra, Pizarro, Andreia N., Plans-Rubio, Pedro, Polasek, Ozren, Porta, Miquel, Poudyal, Anil, Pourfarzi, Farhad, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Price, Alison J., Price, Jacqueline F., Providencia, Rui, Puhakka, Soile E., Puiu, Maria, Punab, Margus, Qasrawi, Radwan F., Qorbani, Mostafa, Queiroz, Daniel, Tran Quoc Bao, Radic, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricardas, Rahimikazerooni, Salar, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Rakhimova, Ellina M., Rao, Sudha Ramachandra, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramos, Elisabete, Rampal, Lekhraj, Rampal, Sanjay, Rangel Reina, Daniel A., Rarra, Vayia, Rech, Cassiano Ricardo, Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M., Regecova, Valeria, Revilla, Luis, Rezaianzadeh, Abbas, Ribeiro, Robespierre, Riboli, Elio, Richter, Adrian, Rigo, Fernando, de Wit, Tobias F. Rinke, Ritti-Dias, Raphael M., Robitaille, Cynthia, Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Maria, Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A., Roggenbuck, Ulla, Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Romaguera, Dora, Romeo, Elisabetta L., Rosengren, Annika, Roy, Joel G. R., Rubinstein, Adolfo, Ruidavets, Jean-Bernard, Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca, Ruiz-Castell, Maria, Rusakova, Iuliia A., Russo, Paola, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sabbaghi, Hamideh, Sachdev, Harshpal S., Sadjadi, Alireza, Safarpour, Ali Reza, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Saidi, Olfa, Saki, Nader, Salanave, Benoit, Salazar Martinez, Eduardo, Salmeron, Diego, Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T., Salvetti, Massimo, Sanchez-Abanto, Jose, Sans, Susana, Santos, Diana A., Santos, Ina S., Santos, Lelita C., Santos, Maria Paula, Santos, Rute, Saramies, Jouko L., Sardinha, Luis B., Sarganas, Giselle, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savva, Savvas, Sawada, Norie, Sbaraini, Mariana, Scazufca, Marcia, Schaan, Beatriz D., Schargrodsky, Herman, Schipf, Sabine, Schmidt, Carsten O., Schnohr, Peter, Schoettker, Ben, Schramm, Sara, Schultsz, Constance, Schutte, Aletta E., Sebert, Sylvain, Sein, Aye Aye, Sen, Abhijit, Senbanjo, Idowu O., Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Servais, Jennifer, Shalnova, Svetlana A., Shamah-Levy, Teresa, Shamshirgaran, Morteza, Shanthirani, Coimbatore Subramaniam, Sharafkhah, Maryam, Sharma, Sanjib K., Shaw, Jonathan E., Shayanrad, Amaneh, Shayesteh, Ali Akbar, Shi, Zumin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shimizu-Furusawa, Hana, Shin, Dong Wook, Shirani, Majid, Shiri, Rahman, Shrestha, Namuna, Si-Ramlee, Khairil, Siani, Alfonso, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M., de Moura Silva, Caroline Ramos, Santos Silva, Diego Augusto, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A., Sjostrom, Michael, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Smeeth, Liam, So, Hung-Kwan, Soares, Fernanda Cunha, Sobngwi, Eugene, Soderberg, Stefan, Soemantri, Agustinus, Sofat, Reecha, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Somi, Mohammad Hossein, Sonestedt, Emily, Song, Yi, Sorensen, Thorkild I. 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Goya, Wareham, Nicholas, Wei, Wenbin, Weres, Aneta, Werner, Bo, Whincup, Peter H., Widhalm, Kurt, Wiecek, Andrzej, Wilks, Rainford J., Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Williams, Emmanuel A., Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong-McClure, Roy A., Wong, Andrew, Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Wu, Frederick C., Wu, Shouling, Wyszynska, Justyna, Xu, Haiquan, Xu, Liang, Yaacob, Nor Azwany, Yan, Weili, Yang, Ling, Yang, Xiaoguang, Yang, Yang, Yasuharu, Tabara, Ye, Xingwang, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K., Yoosefi, Moein, Yoshihara, Akihiro, You, San-Lin, Younger-Coleman, Novie O., Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi, Zainuddin, Ahmad A., Zakavi, Seyed Rasoul, Zamani, Farhad, Zambon, Sabina, Zampelas, Antonis, Elisa Zapata, Maria, Zaw, Ko Ko, Zejglicova, Kristyna, Vrkic, Tajana Zeljkovic, Zeng, Yi, Zhang, Luxia, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Ming-Hui, Zhen, Shiqi, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zholdin, Bekbolat, Zhu, Dan, Zins, Marie, Zitt, Emanuel, Zocalo, Yanina, Zoghlami, Nada, Zuniga Cisneros, Julio., School of Medicine, ACS - Diabetes & metabolism, APH - Global Health, Pulmonology, Medical Informatics, Adult Psychiatry, Global Health, APH - Quality of Care, APH - Methodology, Vascular Medicine, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, Anesthesiology, Graduate School, and ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias
Subjects: Male, Latin Americans, Nutrition and Disease, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Medizin, BLOOD-PRESSURE, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants, Hypertension, Prevalence, Control, Tretament, GUIDELINES, Global Health, Worldwide trends, 0302 clinical medicine, Hypertension prevalence, Voeding en Ziekte, Medicine and Health Sciences, kohonnut verenpaine, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prevention and Control, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, education.field_of_study, food and beverages, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, General Medicine, Noncommunicable diseases, Period prevalence, Middle Aged, kansainvälinen vertailu, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, 3. Good health, MIDDLE-INCOME, Pooled analysis, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, INCOME COUNTRIES, ADULTS, PREVENTION, MANAGEMENT, ADHERENCE, DIAGNOSIS, Western europe, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Hypertension/diagnosis, NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), Female, B990 Subjects Allied to Medicine not elsewhere classified, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Adult, health-care, esiintyvyys, Central asia, Population, Nursing, 3121 Internal medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, Medicine, General & Internal, Drug Therapy, General & Internal Medicine, Life Science, Humans, ddc:610, education, Antihypertensive Agents, VLAG, Aged, Science & Technology, Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use, business.industry, Omvårdnad, fungi, General and internal medicine, Estados de Saúde e de Doença, Taking medication, Treatment, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Blood pressure, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, lääkehoito, 1182 Biochemistry, cell and molecular biology, business, Demography
Abstract: Background: hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods: we used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings: the number of people aged 30-79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306-359) million women and 317 (292-344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584-668) million women and 652 (604-698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55-62) of women and 49% (46-52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43-51) of women and 38% (35-41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20-27) for women and 18% (16-21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings., British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Grant; World Health Organization (WHO); Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics Fellowship
Published: 2021

26. Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19.1 million participants

Author: Zhou, B, Bentham, J, Di Cesare, M, Bixby, H, Danaei, G, Cowan, MJ, Paciorek, CJ, Singh, G, Hajifathalian, K, Bennett, JE, Taddei, C, Bilano, V, Carrillo-Larco, RM, Djalalinia, S, Khatibzadeh, S, Lugero, C, Peykari, N, Zhang, WZ, Lu, Y, Stevens, GA, Riley, LM, Bovet, P, Elliott, P, Gu, D, Ikeda, N, Jackson, RT, Joffres, M, Kengne, AP, Laatikainen, T, Lam, TH, Laxmaiah, A, Liu, J, Miranda, JJ, Mondo, CK, Neuhauser, HK, Sundstrom, J, Smeeth, L, Soric, M, Woodward, M, Ezzati, M, Abarca-Gomez, L, Abdeen, ZA, Rahim, HA, Abu-Rmeileh, NM, Acosta-Cazares, B, Adams, R, Aekplakorn, W, Afsana, K, Aguilar-Salinas, CA, Agyemang, C, Ahmadvand, A, Ahrens, W, Al Raddadi, R, Al Woyatan, R, Ali, MM, Alkerwi, A, Aly, E, Amouyel, P, Amuzu, A, Andersen, LB, Anderssen, SA, Angquist, L, Anjana, RM, Ansong, D, Aounallah-Skhiri, H, Araujo, J, Ariansen, I, Aris, T, Arlappa, N, Aryal, K, Arveiler, D, Assah, FK, Assuncao, MCF, Avdicova, M, Azevedo, A, Azizi, F, Babu, BV, Bahijri, S, Balakrishna, N, 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Stela, McLean, Rachael M, McNulty, Breige A, MdKhir, Amir Sharifuddin, Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia, Medzioniene, Jurate, Meirhaeghe, Aline, Meisinger, Christa, Menezes, Ana Maria B, Menon, Geetha R, Meshram, Indrapal I, Metspalu, Andre, Mi, Jie, Mikkel, Kairit, Miller, Jody C, Miquel, Juan Francisco, Mišigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta, Mohamed, Mostafa K, Mohammad, Kazem, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mohd Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli, Møller, Niels C, Molnár, Déne, Momenan, Amirabba, Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K, Moreira, Leila B, Morejon, Alain, Moreno, Luis A, Morgan, Karen, Moschonis, George, Mossakowska, Malgorzata, Mota, Jorge, Mostafa, Aya, Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel, Motta, Jorge, Muiesan, Maria L, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Murphy, Neil, Mursu, Jaakko, Musil, Vera, Nagel, Gabriele, Naidu, Balkish M, Nakamura, Harunobu, Námešná, Jana, Nang, Ei Ei K, Nangia, Vinay B, Narake, Sameer, Navarrete-Muñoz, Eva Maria, Ndiaye, Ndeye Coumba, Neal, William A, Nenko, Ilona, Nervi, Flavio, Nguyen, Nguyen D, Nguyen, Quang Ngoc, Nieto-Martínez, Ramfis E, Niiranen, Teemu J, Ning, Guang, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Nishtar, Sania, Noale, Marianna, Noboa, Oscar A., Noorbala, Ahmad Ali, Norat, Teresa, Noto, Davide, Al Nsour, Mohannad, O'Reilly, Dermot, Oh, Kyungwon, Olinto, Maria Teresa A., Oliveira, Isabel O, Omar, Mohd Azahadi, Onat, Altan, Ordunez, Pedro, Osmond, Clive, Ostojic, Sergej M, Otero, Johanna A, Overvad, Kim, Owusu-Dabo, Elli, Paccaud, Fred Michel, Padez, Cristina, Pahomova, Elena, Pajak, Andrzej, Palli, Domenico, Palmieri, Luigi, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Panza, Francesco, Papandreou, Dimitrio, Parnell, Winsome R, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Pecin, Ivan, Pednekar, Mangesh S, Peer, Nasheeta, Peeters, Petra H, Peixoto, Sergio Viana, Pelletier, Catherine, Peltonen, Markku, Pereira, Alexandre C, Pérez, Rosa Marina, Peters, Annette, Petkeviciene, Janina, Pham, Son Thai, Pigeot, Iri, Pikhart, Hynek, Pilav, Aida, Pilotto, Lorenza, Pitakaka, Freda, Plans-Rubió, Pedro, Polakowska, Maria, Polašek, Ozren, Porta, Miquel, Portegies, Marileen L.P., Pourshams, Akram, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Prashant, Mathur, Price, Jacqueline F, Puiu, Maria, Punab, Margu, Qasrawi, Radwan F, Qorbani, Mostafa, Radic, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricarda, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Rao, Sudha Ramachandra, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramos, Elisabete, Rampal, Sanjay, Rangel Reina, Daniel A, Rasmussen, Finn, Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M, Ribeiro, Robespierre, Riboli, Elio, Rigo, Fernando, Rinke de Wit, Tobias F, Ritti-Dias, Raphael M, Robinson, Sian M, Robitaille, Cynthia, Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, María, Rodríguez-Villamizar, Laura A, Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Rosengren, Annika, Rubinstein, Adolfo, Rui, Ornela, Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra, Russo Horimoto, Andrea R V, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sachdev, Harshpal S, Saidi, Olfa, Sakarya, Sibel, Salanave, Benoit, Martinez, Eduardo Salazar, Salmerón, Diego, Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T, Salvetti, Massimo, Sánchez-Abanto, Jose, Sans, Susana, Santos, Diana, Santos, Ina S, dos Santos, Renata Nune, Santos, Rute, Saramies, Jouko L, Sardinha, Luis B, Margolis, Giselle Sargana, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savva, Savvas C, Scazufca, Marcia, Schargrodsky, Herman, Schneider, Ione J, Schultsz, Constance, Schutte, Aletta E, Sen, Abhijit, Senbanjo, Idowu O, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Sharma, Sanjib K, Shaw, Jonathan E, Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Dong Wook, Shin, Youchan, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M, Santos Silva, Diego Augusto, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A, Sjöström, Michael, Skovbjerg, Sine, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Smith, Margaret C, Snijder, Marieke B, So, Hung-Kwan, Sobngwi, Eugène, Söderberg, Stefan, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Sonestedt, Emily, Song, Yi, Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Jérome, Charles Sossa, Soumare, Aicha, Staessen, Jan A, Starc, Gregor, Stathopoulou, Maria G, Stavreski, Bill, Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Stehle, Peter, Stein, Aryeh D, Stergiou, George S, Stessman, Jochanan, Stieber, Jutta, Stöckl, Dori, Stocks, Tanja, Stokwiszewski, Jakub, Stronks, Karien, Strufaldi, Maria Wany, Sun, Chien-An, Sung, Yn-Tz, Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul, Sy, Rody G, Tai, E Shyong, Tammesoo, Mari-Lii, Tamosiunas, Abdona, Tang, Line, Tang, Xun, Tao, Yong, Tanser, Frank, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B, Taylor, Anne, Theobald, Holger, Thijs, Lutgarde, Thuesen, Betina H, Tjonneland, Anne, Tolonen, Hanna K, Tolstrup, Janne S, Topbas, Murat, Topór-Madry, Roman, Tormo, María José, Torrent, Matie, Traissac, Pierre, Trichopoulos, Dimitrio, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Trinh, Oanh T H, Trivedi, Atul, Tshepo, Lechaba, Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K, Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Turley, Maria L, Tynelius, Per, Tzourio, Christophe, Ueda, Peter, Ugel, Eunice, Ulmer, Hanno, Uusitalo, Hannu M T, Valdivia, Gonzalo, Valvi, Damaskini, van der Schouw, Yvonne T, Van Herck, Koen, van Rossem, Lenie, van Valkengoed, Irene G.M., Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Vatten, Lar, Vega, Toma, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Veronesi, Giovanni, Verschuren, W M Monique, Verstraeten, Roosmarijn, Victora, Cesar G, Viet, Lucie, Viikari-Juntura, Eira, Vineis, Paolo, Vioque, Jesu, Virtanen, Jyrki K, Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vollenweider, Peter, Voutilainen, Sari, Vrdoljak, Ana, Vrijheid, Martine, Wade, Alisha N, Wagner, Aline, Walton, Janette, Wan Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon, Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Qian, Wang, Ya Xing, Wannamethee, S Goya, Wareham, Nichola, Wederkopp, Niel, Weerasekera, Deepa, Whincup, Peter H, Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S, Wijga, Alet H, Wiecek, Andrzej, Wilks, Rainford J, Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Williams, Emmanuel A, Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong, Tien Yin, Wong-McClure, Roy A, Woo, Jean, Wu, Aleksander Giwercman, Wu, Frederick C., Wu, Shou Ling, Xu, Haiquan, Yan, Weili, Yang, Xiaoguang, Ye, Xingwang, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K, Yoshihara, Akihiro, Younger-Coleman, Novie O, Yusoff, Ahmad F, Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli M, Zambon, Sabina, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Zeng, Yi, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Wenhua, Zheng, Yingffeng, Zimmermann, Esther, Cisneros, Julio Zuñiga, Zhu, Dan, and Eggertsen, Robert
Subjects: presión sanguínea, hypertension, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, united-states, humanos, Blood Pressure, systematic analysis, Global Health, Risk Factors, General & Internal Medicine, Prevalence, factores de riesgo, Humans, secular trends, cardiovascular risk-factors, Medicine (all), global burden, prevalencia, Bayes Theorem, gender-differences, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.00 [https], sodium-intake, health examination surveys, low-income, teorema de Bayes
Abstract: Background Raised blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. We estimated worldwide trends in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of, and number of people with, raised blood pressure, defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. Methods For this analysis, we pooled national, subnational, or community population-based studies that had measured blood pressure in adults aged 18 years and older. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2015 in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of raised blood pressure for 200 countries. We calculated the contributions of changes in prevalence versus population growth and ageing to the increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure. Findings We pooled 1479 studies that had measured the blood pressures of 19.1 million adults. Global age-standardised mean systolic blood pressure in 2015 was 127.0 mm Hg (95% credible interval 125.7-128.3) in men and 122.3 mm Hg (121.0-123.6) in women; age-standardised mean diastolic blood pressure was 78.7 mm Hg (77.9-79.5) for men and 76.7 mm Hg (75.9-77.6) for women. Global age-standardised prevalence of raised blood pressure was 24.1% (21.4-27.1) in men and 20.1% (17.8-22.5) in women in 2015. Mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure decreased substantially from 1975 to 2015 in high-income western and Asia Pacific countries, moving these countries from having some of the highest worldwide blood pressure in 1975 to the lowest in 2015. Mean blood pressure also decreased in women in central and eastern Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and, more recently, central Asia, Middle East, and north Africa, but the estimated trends in these super-regions had larger uncertainty than in high-income super-regions. By contrast, mean blood pressure might have increased in east and southeast Asia, south Asia, Oceania, and sub-Saharan Africa. In 2015, central and eastern Europe, sub-Saharan Africa, and south Asia had the highest blood pressure levels. Prevalence of raised blood pressure decreased in high-income and some middle-income countries; it remained unchanged elsewhere. The number of adults with raised blood pressure increased from 594 million in 1975 to 1.13 billion in 2015, with the increase largely in low-income and middle-income countries. The global increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure is a net effect of increase due to population growth and ageing, and decrease due to declining age-specific prevalence. Interpretation During the past four decades, the highest worldwide blood pressure levels have shifted from high-income countries to low-income countries in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa due to opposite trends, while blood pressure has been persistently high in central and eastern Europe. Funding Wellcome Trust., Wellcome Trust.
Published: 2017

27. Modifiable causes of premature death in middle-age in Western Europe : Results from the EPIC cohort study

Author: Marc J. Gunter, Ellen A. Struijk, Paul Brennan, Paolo Vineis, Christina Bamia, Guri Skeie, David C. Muller, M. Luisa Redondo, Cornelia Weikert, Salvatore Panico, Elena Molina-Portillo, Antonio Agudo, Rosario Tumino, Françoise Clavel, W M Monique Verschuren, Petra H.M. Peeters, Olle Melander, Jone M. Altzibar, Heiner Boeing, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Ruth C. Travis, Elisabete Weiderpass, Gunnar Engström, Malin Sund, Teresa Norat, Anne Tjønneland, Manuela M. Bergmann, Philippos Orfanos, Laureen Dartois, Nicholas J. Wareham, Mattias Johansson, Elio Riboli, Kuanrong Li, Kay-Tee Khaw, Neil Murphy, Eiliv Lund, Antonia Trichopoulou, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Domenico Palli, Rudolf Kaaks, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, Lluís Cirera, Pietro Ferrari, Valeria Pala, Timothy J. Key, Kim Overvad, Eva Ardanaz, Muller, David C, Murphy, Neil, Johansson, Mattia, Ferrari, Pietro, Tsilidis, Konstantinos K, Boutron Ruault, Marie Christine, Clavel, Francoise, Dartois, Laureen, Li, Kuanrong, Kaaks, Rudolf, Weikert, Cornelia, Bergmann, Manuela, Boeing, Heiner, Tjønneland, Anne, Overvad, Kim, Redondo, M. Luisa, Agudo, Antonio, Molina Portillo, Elena, Altzibar, Jone M, Cirera, Lluí, Ardanaz, Eva, Khaw, Kay Tee, Wareham, Nicholas J, Key, Timothy J, Travis, Ruth C, Bamia, Christina, Orfanos, Philippo, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Palli, Domenico, Pala, Valeria, Tumino, Rosario, Vineis, Paolo, Panico, Salvatore, Bueno de Mesquita, H. Ba, Verschuren, W. M. Monique, Struijk, Ellen A, Peeters, Petra H, Engström, Gunnar, Melander, Olle, Sund, Malin, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Skeie, Guri, Lund, Eiliv, Norat, Teresa, Gunter, Marc, Riboli, Elio, Brennan, Paul, [Muller,DC, Johansson,M, Ferrari,P, Brennan,P] International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. [Murphy,N, Vineis,P, Bueno-de-Mesquita,HB, Peeters,PH, Norat,T, Gunter,M, Riboli,E] School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK] [Tsilidis,KK] Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK. [Boutron-Ruault,M] Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Villejuif, France. [Boutron-Ruault,M, Clavel,F, Dartois,L] Université Paris Sud, Villejuif, France. [Boutron-Ruault,M, Dartois,L, Dartois,L] Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Villejuif, France. [Li,K, Kaaks,R] Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. [Weikert,C, Bergmann,M, Boeing,H] German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DifE), Nuthetal, Germany. [Tjønneland,A] Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Overvad,K] Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. [Redondo,ML] Public Health Directorate, Asturias, Spain. [Agudo,A] Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain. [Molina-Portillo,E] Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain. [Molina-Portillo,E, Altzibar,JM, Cirera,M, Ardanaz,E] Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. [Altzibar,JM] Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa-BIODONOSTIA, Basque Regional Health Department, Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain. [Cirera, L] Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain. Department of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain. Department of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain. [Ardanaz,E] Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain. Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Pamplona, Spain. [Khaw,K] School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. [Wareham,NJ] MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. [Key,TJ, Travis,RC] Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. [Bamia,C, Orfanos,P, Trichopoulou,A] Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece. Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece. [Palli,D] Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy. [Pala,V] Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy. [Tumino,R] Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, 'Civic - M. P. Arezzo' Hospital, ASP Ragusa, Ragusa, Italy. [Vineis,P] Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Torino, Italy. [Panico,S] Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Federico II University, Naples, Italy. [Bueno-de-Mesquita,HB, Verschuren,WMM] Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands. [Bueno-de-Mesquita,HB] Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. [Verschuren,WMM, Struijk,EA, Peeters,PH] Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. [Engström,G] Department of Clinical Science, Malmö Lund University, Lund, Sweden. [Melander,O] Department of Clinical Sciences, Hypertension & Cardiovascular Disease, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden. [Sund,M] Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umea University, Umea, Sweden. [Weiderpass,E, Skeie,G, Lund,E] Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway. [Weiderpass,E] Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland. [Skeie,G, Lund,E] The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway., This work was supported by the French Social Affairs & Health Ministry, Department of Health (Direction Générale de la Santé). The work undertaken by David C Muller for this project was performed during the tenure of an IARC-Australia fellowship supported by Cancer Council Australia. Elio Riboli was supported by the Imperial College Biomedical Research Centre funded by the National Institute of Health Research of UK. The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by the European Commission (DG-SANCO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The national cohorts are supported by Danish Cancer Society (Denmark), Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (France), Deutsche Krebshilfe, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum and Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), the Hellenic Health Foundation (Greece), Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy and National Research Council (Italy), Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands), Nordic Centre of xcellence programme on Food, Nutrition and Health. (Norway), Health Research Fund (FIS), PI13/00061 to Granada, Regional Governments of Andalucía, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia (no. 6236) and Navarra, ISCIII RETIC (RD06/0020) (Spain), Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Scientific Council and County Councils of Skåne and Västerbotten (Sweden), Cancer Research UK (14136 to EPIC-Norfolk, C570/A16491 to EPIC-Oxford),Medical Research Council (1000143 to EPIC-Norfolk) (United Kingdom). The sponsors did not have any input into study design, study conduct, data collection, analysis, or interpretation nor did they influence the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript., Khaw, Kay-Tee [0000-0002-8802-2903], Wareham, Nicholas [0000-0003-1422-2993], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Gerontology, Male, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Probability::Risk::Risk Factors [Medical Subject Headings], Cohort Studies, Institut Gustave Roussy, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Diseases::Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms::Signs and Symptoms::Body Weight::Overweight [Medical Subject Headings], Non-U.S. Gov't, media_common, Medicine(all), VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Helsefag: 800::Samfunnsmedisin, sosialmedisin: 801, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Vital Statistics::Mortality::Mortality, Premature [Medical Subject Headings], Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Smoking, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Europe, Hypertension, Absolute risk, Modifiable risk factors, Mortality, Premature death, Attributable fraction, language, Female, Cohort study, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Alcohol Drinking, media_common.quotation_subject, Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Behavior::Habits::Smoking [Medical Subject Headings], Library science, Motor Activity, Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Nutritional Physiological Phenomena::Diet [Medical Subject Headings], Research Support, Danish, 03 medical and health sciences, Diseases::Cardiovascular Diseases::Vascular Diseases::Hypertension [Medical Subject Headings], Life Expectancy, Excellence, General & Internal Medicine, Journal Article, Humans, Obesity, Aged, business.industry, Mortality, Premature, Public health, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Vital Statistics::Life Expectancy [Medical Subject Headings], Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Physical Examination::Body Constitution::Body Weights and Measures::Waist-Hip Ratio [Medical Subject Headings], language.human_language, Cancer registry, Diseases::Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases::Nutrition Disorders::Overnutrition::Obesity [Medical Subject Headings], Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Mortalidad, Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Behavior::Drinking Behavior::Alcohol Drinking [Medical Subject Headings], Life expectancy, VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Health sciences: 800::Community medicine, Social medicine: 801, business, Welfare, Modifiable risk factor, Mortalidad prematura
Abstract: Background: Life expectancy is increasing in Europe, yet a substantial proportion of adults still die prematurely before the age of 70 years. We sought to estimate the joint and relative contributions of tobacco smoking, hypertension, obesity, physical inactivity, alcohol and poor diet towards risk of premature death. Methods: We analysed data from 264,906 European adults from the EPIC prospective cohort study, aged between 40 and 70 years at the time of recruitment. Flexible parametric survival models were used to model risk of death conditional on risk factors, and survival functions and attributable fractions (AF) for deaths prior to age 70 years were calculated based on the fitted models. Results: We identified 11,930 deaths which occurred before the age of 70. The AF for premature mortality for smoking was 31 % (95 % confidence interval (CI), 31–32 %) and 14 % (95 % CI, 12–16 %) for poor diet. Important contributions were also observed for overweight and obesity measured by waist-hip ratio (10 %; 95 % CI, 8–12 %) and high blood pressure (9 %; 95 % CI, 7–11 %). AFs for physical inactivity and excessive alcohol intake were 7 % and 4 %, respectively. Collectively, the AF for all six risk factors was 57 % (95 % CI, 55–59 %), being 35 % (95 % CI, 32–37 %) among never smokers and 74 % (95 % CI, 73–75 %) among current smokers. Conclusions: While smoking remains the predominant risk factor for premature death in Europe, poor diet, overweight and obesity, hypertension, physical inactivity, and excessive alcohol consumption also contribute substantially. Any attempt to minimise premature deaths will ultimately require all six factors to be addressed., This work was supported by the French Social Affairs & Health Ministry, Department of Health (Direction Générale de la Santé). The work undertaken by David C Muller for this project was performed during the tenure of an IARC-Australia fellowship supported by Cancer Council Australia. Elio Riboli was supported by the Imperial College Biomedical Research Centre funded by the National Institute of Health Research of UK. The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by the European Commission (DG-SANCO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The national cohorts are supported by Danish Cancer Society (Denmark); Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (France); Deutsche Krebshilfe, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum and Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany); the Hellenic Health Foundation (Greece); Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy and National Research Council (Italy); Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands); Nordic Centre of Excellence programme on Food, Nutrition and Health. (Norway); Health Research Fund (FIS), PI13/00061 to Granada, Regional Governments of Andalucía, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia (no. 6236) and Navarra, ISCIII RETIC (RD06/0020) (Spain); Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Scientific Council and County Councils of Skåne and Västerbotten (Sweden); Cancer Research UK (14136 to EPIC-Norfolk; C570/A16491 to EPIC-Oxford), Medical Research Council (1000143 to EPIC-Norfolk) (United Kingdom). The sponsors did not have any input into study design, study conduct, data collection, analysis, or interpretation nor did they influence the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript.
Published: 2016

28. 2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice

Author: Piepoli, MF, Hoes, AW, Agewall, S, Albus, C, Brotons, C, Catapano, AL, Cooney, MT, Corrà, U, Cosyns, B, Deaton, C, Graham, I, Hall, MS, Hobbs, FDR, Løchen, ML, Löllgen, H, Marques-Vidal, P, Perk, J, Prescott, E, Redon, J, Richter, DJ, Sattar, N, Smulders, Y, Tiberi, M, Van Der Worp, HB, Van Dis, I, Verschuren, WM M, Binno, S, De Backer, G, Roffi, M, Aboyans, V, Bachl, N, Carerj, S, Cho, Le, Cox, J, De Sutter, J, Egidi, G, Fisher, M, Fitzsimons, D, Franco, OH, Guenoun, M, Jennings, C, Jug, B, Kirchhof, P, Kotseva, K, Lip, GYH, Mach, F, Mancia, G, Bermudo, FM, Mezzani, A, Niessner, A, Ponikowski, P, Rauch, B, Stauder, A, Turc, G, Wiklund, O, Windecker, S, Zamorano, JL, Achenbach, S, Badimon, L, Barón-Esquivias, G, Baumgartner, H, Bax, JJ, Dean, V, Erol, Ç, Gaemperli, O, Kolh, P, Lancellotti, P, Nihoyannopoulos, P, Torbicki, A, Carneiro, AV, Metzler, B, Najafov, R, Stelmashok, V, De Maeyer, C, Dilić, M, Gruev, I, Miličić, D, Vaverkova, H, Gustafsson, I, Attia, I, Duishvili, D, Ferrières, J, Kostova, N, Klimiashvili, Z, Hambrecht, R, Tsioufis, K, Szabados, E, Andersen, K, Vaughan, C, Zafrir, B, Novo, S, Davletov, K, Jashari, F, Kerimkulova, A, Mintale, I, Saade, G, Petrulioniene, Z, Delagardelle, C, Magri, CJ, Rudi, V, Oukerraj, L, Çölkesen, BE, Schirmer, H, Dos Reis, RP, Gherasim, D, Nedogoda, S, Zavatta, M, Giga, V, Filipova, S, Padial, LR, Kiessling, A, Mahdhaoui, A, Ural, D, Nesukay, E, Gale, C, Piepoli, M, Hoes, A, Agewall, S, Albus, C, Brotons, C, Catapano, A, Cooney, M, Corrà, U, Cosyns, B, Deaton, C, Graham, I, Hall, M, Hobbs, F, Løchen, M, Löllgen, H, Marques-Vidal, P, Perk, J, Prescott, E, Redon, J, Richter, D, Sattar, N, Smulders, Y, Tiberi, M, Van Der Worp, H, Van Dis, I, Verschuren, W, Binno, S, De Backer, G, Roffi, M, Aboyans, V, Bachl, N, Carerj, S, Cho, L, Cox, J, De Sutter, J, Egidi, G, Fisher, M, Fitzsimons, D, Franco, O, Guenoun, M, Jennings, C, Jug, B, Kirchhof, P, Kotseva, K, Lip, G, Mach, F, Mancia, G, Bermudo, F, Mezzani, A, Niessner, A, Ponikowski, P, Rauch, B, Stauder, A, Turc, G, Wiklund, O, Windecker, S, Zamorano, J, Achenbach, S, Badimon, L, Barón-Esquivias, G, Baumgartner, H, Bax, J, Dean, V, Erol, Ç, Gaemperli, O, Kolh, P, Lancellotti, P, Nihoyannopoulos, P, Torbicki, A, Carneiro, A, Metzler, B, Najafov, R, Stelmashok, V, De Maeyer, C, Dilić, M, Gruev, I, Miličić, D, Vaverkova, H, Gustafsson, I, Attia, I, Duishvili, D, Ferrières, J, Kostova, N, Klimiashvili, Z, Hambrecht, R, Tsioufis, K, Szabados, E, Andersen, K, Vaughan, C, Zafrir, B, Novo, S, Davletov, K, Jashari, F, Kerimkulova, A, Mintale, I, Saade, G, Petrulioniene, Z, Delagardelle, C, Magri, C, Rudi, V, Oukerraj, L, Çölkesen, B, Schirmer, H, Dos Reis, R, Gherasim, D, Nedogoda, S, Zavatta, M, Giga, V, Filipova, S, Padial, L, Kiessling, A, Mahdhaoui, A, Ural, D, Nesukay, E, and Gale, C
Subjects: Adult, Diagnostic Imaging, Diabetic Angiopathie, Healthy Diet, General Practice, Population, Healthy lifestyle, Health Promotion, Sex Factor, Guideline, Guidelines, Diabete, Socioeconomic Factor, Blood pressure, Clinical settings, Diabetes, Lipid, Nutrition, Physical activity, Prevention, Primary care, Psychosocial factors, Rehabilitation, Risk assessment, Risk management, Smoking, Stakeholder, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Disease, Age Factor, Cost-Benefit Analysi, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Exercise, Aged, Cardiac Rehabilitation, Psychosocial factor, Biomarker, Middle Aged, Multiple Chronic Condition, Pedigree, Clinical setting, Antihypertensive Agent, Hyperlipidemia, Hypertension, Smoking Cessation, Human
Published: 2016

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28 results on '"Verschuren, W"'

1. Genome-wide association study of intracranial aneurysms identifies 17 risk loci and genetic overlap with clinical risk factors.

2. Increased cardiovascular risk factors in different rheumatic diseases compared with the general population.

3. Sources of dietary protein and risk of hypertension in a general Dutch population.

4. Co-occurrence of metabolic factors and the risk of coronary heart disease: a prospective cohort study in the Netherlands.

5. Awareness of hypertension: will it bring about a healthy lifestyle?

6. Alcohol consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease among hypertensive women.

7. Dairy intake, blood pressure, and incident hypertension in a general Dutch population.

8. Genetic variation in the renin-angiotensin system modifies the beneficial effects of ACE inhibitors on the risk of diabetes mellitus among hypertensives.

9. Hypertension risk in idiopathic hyperCKemia.

10. Coffee intake and incidence of hypertension.

11. Interactions between five candidate genes and antihypertensive drug therapy on blood pressure.

12. Prevalences of hyperhomocysteinemia, unfavorable cholesterol profile and hypertension in European populations.

13. Prevalence and determinants of undertreatment of hypertension in the Netherlands.

14. Smoking, blood pressure and serum cholesterol-effects on 20-year mortality.

15. Trends in blood pressure and the prevalence and treatment of hypertension in young adults in The Netherlands, 1974-1986.

16. Loci influencing blood pressure identified using a cardiovascular gene-centric array

17. Quantifying the contributions of behavioral and biological risk factors to socioeconomic disparities in coronary heart disease incidence: the MORGEN study

18. Genome-wide association study of intracranial aneurysms identifies 17 risk loci and genetic overlap with clinical risk factors

19. Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: A pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants

21. Reply to S Voutilainen et al

22. Interactions between five candidate genes and antihypertensive drug therapy on blood pressure

23. Blood Pressure and Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.

24. The Pooled Cohort Equations Over-predict Risk in Women With Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy, Even After Refitting the Model.

25. Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

26. Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19.1 million participants

27. Modifiable causes of premature death in middle-age in Western Europe : Results from the EPIC cohort study

28. 2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice

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28 results on '"Verschuren, W"'

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