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Background: In cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure is associated with oxidative stress, promoting endothelial dysfunction, vascular remodeling, and inflammation. Clinical trials are discordant that the most effective treatment in the management of hypertension seems to be the administration of anti-hypertensive drugs with antioxidant properties. The study aims to evaluate the effects of the eutomer of thioctic acid on oxidative stress and inflammation in the heart of spontaneously hypertensive rats compared to normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats., Methods: To study the oxidative status, the malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal concentration, protein oxidation were measured in the heart. Morphological analysis were performed. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were done for alpha-smooth muscle actin and transforming growth factor beta to assess fibrosis; cytokines and nuclear factor kappaB to assess inflammatory processes., Results: Spontaneously hypertensive rats were characterized by hypertension with increased malondialdehyde levels in the heart. OxyBlot in the heart of spontaneously hypertensive rats showed an increase in proteins' oxidative status. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis in the ventricles were associated with an increased expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and pro-inflammatory cytokines, reduced by the eutomer of thioctic acid supplementation., Conclusions: Based on this evidence, eutomer of thioctic acid could represent an appropriate antioxidant molecule to reduce oxidative stress and prevent inflammatory processes on the cardiomyocytes and cardiac vascular endothelium., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The article focuses on the impact of hypertension on neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of rats and explores the potential protective effects of antioxidant and cholinergic cognitive-enhancing compounds, specifically CDP-Choline (CDP) and (+)-thioctic acid (TIO), on countering gliosis.

The article presents a study on choline alphoscerate and thioctic acid activity on brain injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Topics include information on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR); model of hypertension and vascular brain injury; and information on brain vascular disorders of hypertensive individuals.

Renal and cardiac impairments are frequent events in the presence of hypertension. Organ damage is mainly linked to oxidative stress due to high blood pressure and may be reduced by antioxidant supplementation. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is one of most effective antioxidants. It is widely used as a nutritional supplement in a racemic mixture (+/–), even though the (+)-enantiomer is biologically active. This study was designed to investigate the effect of treatment with (+/–)-ALA and its enantiomers on renal and heart parenchyma in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), using immunochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. The results confirmed that the oxidative mechanisms of organ alterations, due to hypertension, and characterized by glomerular and tubular lesions, left ventricular hypertrophy, and fibrosis but not by apoptosis were accompanied by proteins' and nucleic acids' oxidation. We found greater effectiveness of (+)-ALA compared to (+/−)-ALA in reducing oxidative stress, cardiac and renal damages in SHR. To conclude, these data propose (+)-ALA as one of the more appropriate antioxidant molecules to prevent renal and cardiac alterations associated with hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypertension represents a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases [1]. Increasing evidence attributed the main role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular damage, promoting endothelial dysfunction, vascular remodeling, and inflammation. Excess bioavailability of reactive oxygen species (ROS), often is accompanied by structural mitochondria abnormalities in the cardiomyocyte [2,3]. The most effective treatment in the management of hypertension seems to be the administration of anti-hypertensive drugs with antioxidant properties [4]. Thioctic acid (TIO) is an antioxidant existing in nature and expressed in two optical isomers. The dextrorotatory form is the naturally occurring eutomer, whereas the most used formulation of the compound in clinical practice is the mixture of (+) and (-) enantiomers. Previously, we demonstrated that TIO-(+) is one of the more appropriate antioxidant molecules to prevent cardiac and renal alterations associated with hypertension [5]. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of 4 weeks of treatment with TIO-(+) on the heart of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), using immunochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. 125 mmol/Kg/day of TIO-(+) was administered intraperitoneally in 24-weeksold SHR. Hypertensive rats were compared to age-matched normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. Blood pressure values were significantly decreased in treated SHR compared to the control one. This is probably related to the effects at the levels of the endothelial vessels that determine vasodilation. Left ventricular cardiomyocytes' hypertrophy deposition of reticulin, collagen fibers, proteins, and nucleic acid oxidation accompanied by an increased expression of interleukins, such as IL-1 beta, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were found in SHR. These alterations were reduced in TIO-(+) treated animals. The effects observed after treatment with TIO- (+) nominate this molecule as one of the more appropriate antioxidants to prevent heart injury associated with hypertension, opening the opportunity to further evaluations in clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article informs that chronic brain vascular injury is a severe risk factor of cerebral dysfunction and brain hypoperfusion and white matter lesions correlate with the development of cognitive impairment leading to Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia. It is noted that hypertension induced cerebrovascular alterations are due to increased production of reactive oxygen species and cholinergic pathways impairment.