Search

The incidence of hypertension (HTN) and consumption of ultra-processed foods are increasing worldwide. However, only a limited amount of research has assessed the causality between ultra-processed foods and the risk of HTN. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the association between ultra-processed foods and the risk of HTN in a prospective cohort study. In the present study, we included 2399 individuals, aged approximately 19 years, who participated in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). The participants had complete dietary data and were free from HTN at baseline. We used the Cox proportional hazards model to determine the association between ultra-processed food intake and the risk of HTN occurrence, reporting the results as the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The mean age of participants was 37.6 years, and we followed them up for an average of 9.21 years. Our results indicated that participants in the highest tertile of ultra-processed foods had a 48% higher risk of HTN development (HR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.23, 1.79) than those in the lowest tertile. We found a significant association between age and ultra-processed food intake in relation to the risk of HTN. The HR for developing HTN in participants aged <47 years was 1.99 (95% CI: 1.53, 2.58) and in participants aged ≥47 years was 1.26 (95% CI: 0.95, 1.68). Among the ultra-processed food components, consumption of industrial fat products had a positive correlation with the risk of HTN (HR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.06). Our results suggest that consuming ultra-processed foods is associated with an increased incidence of HTN in adults. This association varied by age and was significant for adults younger than 47 years.

Background: A metabolically unhealthy phenotype is associated with the risk of cardiometabolic events and can be prevented by adherence to healthy dietary patterns. The present study was designed to investigate the association between high adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean (MeDi), and Mediterranean-DASH intervention for neurodegenerative delay (MIND) diet scores and the incidence of metabolically unhealthy phenotypes in adults across body mass index (BMI) categories., Methods: In this cohort study, 512 subjects with metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW) at baseline and 787 subjects with metabolically healthy overweight/obesity (MHOW/MHO) at baseline were included. Dietary intake was collected by a validated food frequency questionnaire, and DASH, MeDi, and MIND scores were calculated. The Joint Interim Statement (JIS) criteria were used to define a metabolically unhealthy status., Results: A total of 137 and 388 subjects with metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW) and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUOW/MUO) phenotypes, respectively, were observed, over a mean of 5.91 years of follow-up. The Cox proportional hazard regression indicated participants in the third tertile of the DASH score had a lower risk of the MUNW phenotype (HR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.37-0.92) than those in the lowest tertile. Similarly, the highest adherence to the MeDi and MIND scores was also linked to a 46% (HR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.36-0.81) and 47% (HR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.34-0.83) lower risk of the MUNW phenotype, respectively. As well, there was an inverse relationship between the highest adherence to the DASH (HR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.50-0.86), MeDi (HR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.58-0.93), and MIND (HR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.43-0.74) scores and the risk of MUOW/MUO. There was no interaction between age and the three dietary patterns in relation to a metabolically unhealthy phenotype., Conclusion: High compliance with the DASH, MeDi, and MIND scores was associated with a lower risk of MUNW. An inverse relationship between these three dietary patterns and the incidence of the metabolically unhealthy phenotype was also observed in individuals who had MHOW/MHO at baseline., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2023 Asia Oceania Association for the Study of Obesity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Inulin is a prebiotic and has beneficial effects on health, such as improving the immune function, lipid profile, and gut microbiota. Some previous studies have assessed the effects of inulin supplementation on cardiometabolic diseases, but the relationship between dietary inulin and these diseases has not been investigated yet. Thus, this survey was designed to assess the potential association between the dietary intake of inulin and the incidence of cardiometabolic diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension (HTN), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and type 2 diabetes (T2D) among adults. The present prospective cohort study was conducted on participants in the third wave of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2006-2008) and was followed up until March 2018. The dietary intake of inulin was estimated using a special database that reports values of inulin and oligofructose in grams per 100 g of each food. Cox proportional hazards regression showed that higher consumption of inulin was associated with a lower risk of HTN (HR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.63 to 0.99) and T2D (HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89 to 1.00). We found no relationship between higher consumption of dietary inulin and the incidence of CKD and CVD in our population. According to our results, it seems inulin from foods had a preventive effect against HTN and T2D, which are major risk factors for cardiovascular and renal events. However, more investigations are warranted.

The evidence for a linkage between dietary intake of choline and betaine, a choline metabolism product, and the risk of hypertension (HTN) is limited. The current population-based cohort study was designed to investigate the possible association between dietary intake of choline and betaine with the risk of HTN in adults. This cohort study was conducted on the participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Dietary intake of choline and betaine was calculated using the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) database. Hypertension was diagnosed as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg or used drugs to treat hypotension. In this study, 2865 subjects participated and followed-up for a median of 7.4 years. During the follow-up period, 623 patients with hypertension (22.1%) were detected. Our results revealed per every 100 mg increased dietary intake of choline, the risk of developing HTN decreased by 16% (0.84; 95% CI: 0.74 to 0.96, P for trend = 0.009). No significant association was observed between habitual dietary intake of betaine and the risk of HTN (1.10; 95% CI: 0.88 to 1.38, P for trend = 0.21). After stratification based on age, sex, and BMI, each 100 mg per d increase in dietary choline decreased the risk of HTN occurrence in subjects younger than 55 years old by 17% (0.83; 95% CI: 0.71 to 0.96) and men by 21% (0.79; 95% CI: 0.66 to 0.95). The current study's findings provide further support to confirm the protective properties of choline and choline-rich foods against HTN.

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the amount of weight loss and weight regain and also remission rate of obesity-related comorbidities including diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), and dyslipidemia in patients who underwent LRYGB or LSG during 5 years of follow-up., Methods: A total of 120 patients who underwent LRYGB or LSG from 2011 to 2013 were enrolled and followed-up for 5 years. Changes in weight, body mass index (BMI), percent weight loss (%WL), and percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL) were recorded., Result: %WL and %EWL were similar between two procedures at 1 year following operation. In patients who underwent LSG, %WL and %EWL were 24.6 ± 1.3% and 61.9 ± 3.5%, respectively, and in LRYGB were 30.4 ± 1.3% and 79.4 ± 3.6%, respectively, 5 years after surgery. Weight regain was 32.0% in LSG and 9.3% in LRYGB after 5 years. The remission rate of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia was 70%, 54%, and 100%, respectively, after 5 years of surgery., Conclusion: Comparing the 5-year success rate of these two techniques, LRYGB seems to be superior to LSG, with lower weight regain and higher weight loss. The short- and long-term effects of two procedures on remission of comorbidities were comparable.

Background and Aims: Previous randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation (VD3S) on blood pressure have generated inconsistent results. We evaluated the effect of VD3S on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in a meta-analysis., Data Synthesis: Literature searches of PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, and Google scholar for publications in English were conducted up to April 2015. RCTs that assessed the effect of VD3S on SBP and DBP were selected., Conclusions: A total of 30 RCTs with 41 arms including 4744 participants were included. The mean duration of the studies was 5.6 ± 4.0 months, and doses of VD3S varied between 200 and 12,000 IU/day. VD3S had no effect on SBP (-0.68 mmHg, 95%CI: -2.19 to 0.84), and DBP (-0.57 mmHg, 95%CI: -1.36 to 0.22). Subgroup analysis revealed that daily vitamin D3 therapy at a dose of >800 IU/day for <6 months in subjects ≥50 years old reduced both SBP and DBP (p < 0.001). In addition, VD3S showed hypotensive effects in healthy subjects and hypertensive patients, but a hypertensive effect in overweight and obese subjects. However, after excluding overweight and obese subjects, VD3S significantly reduced SBP and DBP. VD3S in combination with calcium supplementation significantly elevated SBP (3.64 mmHg, 95%CI: 3.15-4.13) and DBP (1.71 mmHg, 95%CI: 1.25-2.18). No evidence of publication bias was found. The effects of VD3S on blood pressure depend on dose of supplementation, treatment regimens, trial duration, and population subgroup. Supplementation may be beneficial at daily doses >800 IU/day for <6 months in subjects ≥50 years old., (Copyright © 2016 The Italian Society of Diabetology, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition, and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: Dietary factors play an important role in the development of hypertension (HTN). In this study, we aimed to determine the possible effect of protein foods group and its subgroups on risk of HTN after 3-year follow-up in Iranian adults., Design: Prospective study in framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study., Subjects: A total of 1,152 healthy adults, aged 20 to 84 years participated and were followed-up for 3 years., Main Outcome Measure: Usual dietary intake was assessed using a 168-item validate semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire at baseline and again after 3 years. Protein foods group was considered as the sum of meats, poultry, seafood, eggs, beans and peas, nuts, and seeds. Blood pressure was measured at baseline and after 3 years, and HTN was diagnosed by the seventh report of Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure (JNC-VII). To assess the odds ratio of HTN in each tertile of protein foods group and its subgroup, a multivariate logistic regression adjusted for potential confounding variables was used., Results: Mean age of participants was 36.0 ± 11.2 years, and mean intake of protein foods group was 855 ± 343 g/week (range 70.5-3,450 g/week). After 3 years of follow-up, the incidence of HTN was 12.5%. There was no significant association between dietary intakes of the protein foods group, meats, poultry, seafood, beans and peas, and nuts and seeds and the occurrence of HTN over 3 years. However, 3-year incidence of HTN was significantly decreased in the highest tertile of eggs in compared with the lowest (odds ratio: 0.54; 95% confidence interval: 0.32-0.91; P for trend = .02)., Conclusion: Our findings indicated that egg consumption could have favorable effect against development of HTN., (Copyright © 2016 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: There is growing evidence of the potential properties of nitrate-rich foods against development of hypertension (HTN) and vascular disease. In this study, we investigated the association of nitrate-containing vegetables (NCVs) with risk of HTN after 3 years of follow-up., Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 1546 non-hypertensive subjects, aged 20-70 years. Blood pressure was measured at baseline and after 3 years and HTN was defined by the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure criteria. Dietary intake was collected using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). NCVs and high-, medium- and low-NCV subcategories were defined, and the odds of HTN after 3 years according to tertiles of NCV and NCV-category intake were estimated by logistic regression and adjusted for potential variables., Results: Mean age of participants was 38.0 ± 12.0 years at baseline and 57.0 % were women. Mean dietary intake of energy-adjusted NCV was 298.0 ± 177.3 g/day. After adjustment for total energy intake, fiber, sodium, potassium and processed meat, a significant inverse association was observed between NCV and the risk of HTN in the highest tertile category (odds ratio 0.63, 95 % confidence interval: 0.41-0.98, p for trend = 0.05). There was no significant association of 3 year risk of HTN across tertiles of low nitrate-, medium nitrate- and high-nitrate vegetables., Conclusion: Higher dietary nitrate intake from vegetables sources may have a protective effect against development of HTN.

Background/objective: The epidemiological association of phytochemical-rich foods with the risk of hypertension is unclear. This study aimed to determine the association of dietary phytochemical index (PI) with the occurrence of hypertension (HTN) after 3 years of follow-up in Tehranian adults., Subjects/methods: This prospective study was conducted on 1546 nonhypertensive subjects, aged 20-70 years. Dietary intake was collected by validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Dietary PI was calculated as (dietary energy derived from phytochemical-rich foods (kcal)/total daily energy intake (kcal)) × 100. Blood pressure was measured at baseline and after 3 years of follow-up and HTN was defined by Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure criteria. The odds of HTN after 3 years in each quartile category of dietary PI were estimated by logistic regression model and adjusted for potential variables., Results: The mean age of participants was 38.0±12.0 years and 43% were male. The mean dietary PI was 29.1±11.8. After 3 years of follow-up, 265 (17.1%) new cases of HTN were identified. No significant changes were observed in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure across quartile categories of dietary PI. After adjustment for confounders, the odds (95% confidence interval) of HTN across quartiles of dietary PI were 1.00, 0.97 (0.62-1.38), 0.69 (0.45-1.07) and 0.52 (0.32-0.84) (P for trend=0.004)., Conclusions: Consumption of phytochemical-rich foods may prevent the development of HTN. Further investigations are, however, recommended.

Background and Objective: Hypertension in long time can cause cardiovascular disorders and increase chance of stroke. This study was done to determine the association between some dietary factors and risk of hypertension. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on the fourth phase (2008-11) of Tehran lipid and glucose study (TLGS). In this study 6089 subjects (2807 males and 3282 females), aged 19-70 years, were participated and dietary, demographic, anthropometric and blood pressure of each subject were collected. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire with 147-items. Odds ratio for hypertension according to quartiles of dietary factors was determined using logistic regression with adjustment for confounder variables. Results: The rate of hypertension was 29.8%. Mean of weight, body mass index, waist circumference, prevalence of abdominal obesity and alliteration in the hypertensive subjects were significantly higher than normotensive subjects (P

Background Phytochemicals are natural non-nutritive bioactive compounds found in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and legumes, as well as other plant foods. In the present study, we assessed the dietary phytochemical index (PI) in relation to cardiometabolic risk factors among Iranian adults. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted within the framework of third phase of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study 2006-2008. For the present study, 2567 subjects aged 19-70 years (1129 men and 1438 women) were selected randomly. Dietary data were collected using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire with 168 food items. The PI was calculated based on daily energy derived from phytochemical-rich foods. The odds ratios of abdominal obesity, impaired fasting glucose, hypertriglyceridaemia, low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and hypertension were assessed across PI quartile categories. Results The mean (SD) age of participants was 39.4 (13.2) years. Participants in the upper quartile of PI were older, and had a lower weight and waist circumference. The mean (SD) of the PI was 17.3 (5.6), 25.5 (6.4), 32.7 (8.3) and 42.8 (10.5) in the first, second, third and fourth quartiles, respectively. Compared with those in the lower quartile of PI, participants in the upper quartiles had a 66% lower risk of abdominal obesity [95% confidence interval ( CI) = 0.23-0.51] and a 36% lower risk of hypertriglyceridaemia (95% CI, 0.47-0.86), after adjustment for potential confounders. Conclusions Higher intakes of phytochemical-rich foods are associated with a lower risk of abdominal obesity and hypertriglyceridaemia as the main cardiometabolic risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hypertension and increased inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetic patients are two major risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, management of these two cardiovascular diseases risk factors is of the first magnitude in type 2 diabetic patients. This study was aimed to determine effect of processed Berberis vulgaris on blood pressure and inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: Type 2 diabetic patients were recruited into a clinical trial (n =57) and randomly assigned into 3 groups: 1) processed B. vulgaris (n =19), daily consumption of 1 Tsp processed B.vulgaris in apple vinegar, 2) apple vinegar group (n =19), daily consumption of 2 Tsp apple vinegar and 3) control group with no intervention. Nutritional intake, anthropometric indices, inflammatory markers and systolic- and diastolic blood pressure were measured at the baseline and the end of 8th week. Results: At the end of 8 weeks, mean of nutritional intake, anthropometric indices, hs CRP concentration, systolic- and diastolic blood pressure did not change in processed B.vulgaris, apple vinegar and control groups significantly. Interleukin-6 concentration did not shift in processed B.vulgaris and control groups but in apple vinegar group decreased significantly. Conclusion: These findings had shown processed B.vulgaris had no effect on systolic- and diastolic blood pressure but apple vinegar had positive effect on interleukin-6. Nevertheless, further investigations about B.vulgaris effect on blood pressure and inflammatory markers are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]