Search

Amphibolips salicifoliae Medianero & Nieves-Aldrey Amphibolips salicifoliae Medianero & Nieves-Aldrey, 2010: 55���60. Type material examined: HOLOTYPE. ♀ (deposited in MNCN), Cat n�� 2024. PANAMA, Chiriqu��, Volcan Baru 8�� 47��� 50 8��� N, 82�� 29��� 35 9��� W, 1800���2070m, Ex Q. salicifolia, (27.i.2009) ii.09, leg. E. Medianero. Paratypes: 2♂ & 2♀ with same data as the holotype (two paratypes deposited in MNCN, and two paratypes MEUP). Diagnosis. This species is characterized by the almost hyaline forewings in males and females, tarsal claws simple and notauli incomplete, short, distinct, with base of notaular groove smooth. This species closely resembles A. quercuspomiformis comb. nov. with which it shares the following character states: simple tarsal claws; mesoscutellum posteriorly not emarginated; speculum smooth and glabrous. Differs by the forewing colouration which is almost completely hyaline, slightly infuscate in A. salicifoliae (hyaline with dark patch at the base of radial cell in A. quercuspomiformis comb. nov.); notauli incomplete, broad, smooth, visible in posterior third of mesoscutum in A. salicifoliae (notauli complete, shallow, and partially covered by the sculpture of mesoscutum, furrow rugose in A. quercuspomiformis comb. nov.); median propodeal area shining, smooth in A. salicifoliae (dull rugose in A. quercuspomiformis comb. nov.); metasomal terga smooth without micropunctures in A. salicifoliae (posterior third of metasomal tergum II and subsequent tergum with micropunctures in A. quercuspomiformis comb. nov.). Galls of A. salicifoliae are subglobose, on the underside of leaves, very fragile, outer shell thin, hollow internally with thin filaments radiating from larval chamber while galls of A. quercuspomiformis comb. nov. are on buds, with outer shell hard, internal parenchyma spongious. Thin filaments radiating from the larval chamber to the outer shell in A. aliciae. We can differentiate these galls by the shape of the gall and its location (fusiform bud galls in A. aliciae and spherical leaf galls in A. salicifoliae) Host. Quercus salicifolia. Gall. Globose and fragile galls on the underside of leaves, with maximum diameter 30 mm; outer shell thin, internal space hollow with filaments radiating from the larval chamber. Larval chamber central or at the base of the gall (Medianero & Nieves-Aldrey 2010: Figs 8 G���H). Biology. The sexual generation is only known. Galls were collected in January; adults emerged in February. Distribution. Panama., Published as part of Cuesta-Porta, V��ctor, Equihua-Mart��nez, Armando, Estrada-Venegas, Edith G., Cibri��n-Tovar, David, Barrera-Ru��z, Uriel M., Silva, Salvador Ordaz, S��nchez, Imelda Virginia L��pez, Melika, George & Pujade-Villar, Juli, 2020, Revision of the Amphibolips species of the ' nassa' complex from Mexico and central America (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), pp. 1-50 in Zootaxa 4877 (1) on page 32, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4877.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4567340, {"references":["Medianero, E. & Nieves-Aldrey, J. L. (2010) The genus Amphibolips Reinhard (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) in the Neotropics, with description of three new species from Panama. Zootaxa, 2360 (1), 47 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2360.1.3"]}

Amphibolips castroviejoi Medianero & Nieves-Aldrey Amphibolips castroviejoi Medianero & Nieves-Aldrey, 2010: 48���52 Type material examined: HOLOTYPE. ♀ deposited in MNCN (Cat. n�� 2022). PANAMA, Chiriqu��, Carretera de Volcancito, Boquete 8�� 43��� 23 07��� N, 82�� 27��� 19 07��� W, 1404 m, Ex Q. salicifolia, (28.i.2008) ii.08, E. Medianero leg. Paratypes: 1♂ with same data as holotype. Diagnosis. This species is characterized by heavily darkened forewings with a clear cross-band at the distal third that reaches posterior margin of forewing both in males and females, mesoscutellum subquadrate posteriorly, and metasoma predominantly black and rufo-piceous ventrally. The forewing pattern most closely resembles the species group of A. bassae n. sp., A. bromus n. sp., A. cibriani and A. fusus for the distal clear cross-band that reaches posterior margin of wing, but the forewings of A. castroviejoi are completely darkened except for the distal cross-band (proximal half of forewing is hyaline in the rest of species, except for the male of A. bassae n. sp. which is completely infuscate except for a clear spot at the distal half of radial cell). The species most closely resembles A. basssae n. sp. by the similar coarse sculpture of mesoscutum and mesoscutellum, but median sulci on the mesoscutum are absent in A. castroviejoi (present in A. bassae n. sp.), metasoma is black and rufo-piceous ventrally in A. castroviejoi (ambarine to rufous in A. bassae n. sp.). Galls of A. castroviejoi are differ from all other known galls; they are large (on average 54 x 43 mm), irregularly spherical or globose, elongated at the base, with a thick peduncle, without apical tip, and with a smooth, mottled surface. Gall. A globose bud gall, 45���58 mm in diameter, with short elongation at the base forming a thick peduncle. Light green and mottled when mature, turning light brown when dry. Outer shell thin, hard. Internal parenchyma soft and spongious. Central larval chamber with a hard shell, 5���6 mm in diameter. A picture of the gall is given in Medianero & Nieves-Aldrey (2010: Figs 8 A���C). Host. Quercus salicifolia. Biology. Only the sexual generation is known. Galls were collected in January; adults emerged in February. Distribution. Panama., Published as part of Cuesta-Porta, V��ctor, Equihua-Mart��nez, Armando, Estrada-Venegas, Edith G., Cibri��n-Tovar, David, Barrera-Ru��z, Uriel M., Silva, Salvador Ordaz, S��nchez, Imelda Virginia L��pez, Melika, George & Pujade-Villar, Juli, 2020, Revision of the Amphibolips species of the ' nassa' complex from Mexico and central America (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), pp. 1-50 in Zootaxa 4877 (1) on page 11, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4877.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4567340, {"references":["Medianero, E. & Nieves-Aldrey, J. L. (2010) The genus Amphibolips Reinhard (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) in the Neotropics, with description of three new species from Panama. Zootaxa, 2360 (1), 47 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2360.1.3"]}

5. Probles (Euporizon) juanitae Khalaim & Ru��z-Cancino, sp. nov. (Figs 26���31) Material examined. Holotype female (UAT), Mexico, Tamaulipas, Municipio Tula, Ejido Acahuales, 1400 m, oakforest, Malaise trap, 5���21.I.2017, coll. E. Ru��z-Cancino & J.M. Coronado-Blanco. Paratype. MEXICO. Chiapas: 1 ♀ (TAMU) Municipio San Crist��bal [de las Casas], Reserva [Cerro El] Huitepec, 16��46���06���N, 92��41���04���W, Malaise trap, 2���14.VIII.1997, coll. J. Woolley, Gonz��lez & Galdamez. Description. Female. Body length 3.3 mm. Fore wing length 2.5 mm. Head, in dorsal view, distinctly constricted and rounded posterior to eyes (Fig. 27); gena short, 0.55�� as long as eye width. Eyes glabrous. Clypeus in front view lenticular, with ventrolateral margins somewhat impressed and weak transverse impression in lower 1/3, about 2.6�� as broad as long, slightly convex, smooth in lower half, coriaceous and with very fine punctures in upper half, separated from face by sharp furrow. Palpi formula 4+3. Mandible slender; upper tooth much longer than the lower. Malar space as long as basal mandibular width (Fig. 28). Antennal flagellum (Fig. 26) moderately slender, tapered towards apex, with 20���21 flagellomeres (21 flagellomeres in holotype); second flagellomere 1.8���2.0��, mid flagellomeres about 1.5�� and subapical flagellomeres 1.0���1.1�� as long as broad. Face with very weak median prominence. Face weakly granulate, impunctate, dull. Frons distinctly granulate, impunctate, dull. Vertex shallowly granulate, impunctate, weakly shining. Gena polished. Occipital carina complete. Hypostomal carina absent. Mesoscutum finely granulate, impunctate and dull, with lateral lobes shallowly granulate, weakly shining and with very fine punctures. Notaulus with strong wrinkle on anterolateral side of mesoscutum (Fig. 28). Scutellum with lateral longitudinal carinae present at its front 0.2. Mesopleuron impunctate, more or less smooth and shining centrally (above foveate groove) and ventrally, peripherally and below foveate groove finely granulate and dull. Epicnemial carina joining front margin of mesopleuron. Foveate groove (Fig. 28) deep and broad, situated in front 0.8 of mesopleuron, S-curved, strongly oblique anteriorly, with strong transverse wrinkles. Propodeal spiracle separated from pleural carina by 1.5���2.0�� diameter of spiracle. Propodeum granulate, impunctate, dull. Propodeum with indistinct narrow basal area which is 0.4���0.5�� as long as apical area (Fig. 29); apical area flat, narrow, pointed or very narrowly rounded anteriorly (Fig. 29); apical longitudinal carinae complete, reaching transverse carina anteriorly. Fore wing with second recurrent vein (2m-cu) distinctly postfurcal; vein 2m-cu completely absent in front half and distinct in posterior half. Intercubitus (2rs-m) very short and very thick. First abscissa of radius (Rs+2r) straight, 1.1�� as long as width of pterostigma. First and second abscissae of radius (Rs+2 r and Rs) meeting at right angle. Metacarpus (R1) somewhat not reaching apex of fore wing. Second abscissa of postnervulus present but short, thus brachial cell is open posteriorly. Hind wing with nervellus (cu1&cu-a) weakly reclivous. Legs slender. Tarsal claws moderately long, not pectinate. First tergite 4.2�� as long as posteriorly broad, smooth, with distal end of petiole weakly striate dorsally; tergite in cross-section centrally round, with upper margin weakly convex in basal 0.7 and strongly convex in apical 0.3; postpetiole much wider than petiole in dorsal view (Fig. 30). Glymma small but deep, situated in posterior 0.65���0.7 of tergite, joining by distinct furrow to ventral part of postpetiole. Second tergite 1.55�� as long as anteriorly broad (Fig. 30). Thyridial depression almost 3.0�� as long as broad (Fig. 30). Ovipositor short, slender, weakly bent upwards, with shallow dorsal subapical depression (Fig. 31); sheath about 1.5�� as long as first tergite. Head and mesosoma dark reddish brown to brownish black. Palpi and mandible (teeth reddish black) yellow. Clypeus yellow in lower part to brown in upper part. Scape and pedicel of antenna brownish yellow; flagellum dark brown, slightly paler basally. Tegula yellow-brown. Wings hyaline. Pterostigma dark brown, whitish proximally and distally. Legs entirely brownish yellow. Metasoma (including first tergite) predominantly brown, yellowish ventrally and at distal end. Male. Unknown. Variation. Flagellum of the paratype is slenderer and more strongly tapered towards apex, with mid flagellomeres 1.8�� as long as broad and subapical flagellomeres 1.4���1.6�� as long as broad. Ovipositor with weak dorsal subapical depression. Paratype is somewhat darker, with more intense brown colouration. Etymology. The species is named in honour of our friend and colleague, expert in Braconidae and collector of the holotype, Juana Maria Coronado-Blanco (UAT). Distribution. Mexico (Tamaulipas, Chiapas) (Fig. 1). Comparison. The new species differs from its Mexican congeners by the combination of short gena (Fig. 27), short basal keel of propodeum (Fig. 29) and strongly petiolate first metasomal segment with glymma in its apical 0.65���0.7. The new species is also characterized by the second recurrent vein (2m-cu) completely lacking in front half and distinct posteriorly., Published as part of Khalaim, Andrey I. & Ru��z-Cancino, Enrique, 2019, Mexican species of the genus Probles F��rster (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Tersilochinae), pp. 201-230 in Zootaxa 4619 (2) on pages 212-213, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4619.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3249517

10. Probles (Euporizon) spectabilis Khalaim & Ru��z-Cancino, sp. nov. (Figs 62���66) Material examined. Holotype female (UAT), Mexico, Tamaulipas, NE of Miquihuana, km 22 from La Pe��a, 2800 m, pine forest, 16.VIII.2000, coll. D.R. Kasparyan. Paratypes. MEXICO, Tamaulipas: 3 ♀ (UAT, UNAM, ZISP) same data as holotype. 1 ♀ (UAT) 6 km NE of Miquihuana, 23��36.125���N, 99��42.45���W, 2200���2300 m, 24.X.2008, coll. A.I. Khalaim. Description. Female. Body length 3.0 mm. Fore wing length 3.0 mm. Head, in dorsal view, distinctly constricted and weakly rounded posterior to eyes (Fig. 64); gena 0.85���0.9�� as long as eye width. Eyes with short setae (Fig. 64). Clypeus lenticular in front view, 3.3�� as broad as long, flat or weakly convex centrally, with more or less distinct transverse ridges laterally, smooth in lower part and scabrous in upper part, with fine to rather strong punctures in upper part, separated from face by broad furrow. Palp formula 4+3. Mandible moderately slender, weakly tapered in basal half, distinctly punctate in basal 0.6���0.7; upper tooth somewhat longer than the lower. Malar space about as long as basal mandibular width (Fig. 63). Antennal flagellum (Fig. 63) moderately robust, with 21���23 flagellomeres (21 in holotype); mid flagellomeres 1.2���1.3�� as long as broad, subapical flagellomeres quadrate or slightly elongate. Face with weak median prominence. Face granulate, dull, with inconspicuous punctures laterally. Frons granulate, impunctate, dull. Vertex finely granulate, dull or weakly shining, with very fine inconspicuous punctures. Gena very shallowly granulate, centrally almost smooth, weakly shining, with very fine punctures. Occipital carina complete. Mesoscutum granulate, dull, with very fine inconspicuous punctures. Notaulus without distinct wrinkle on anterolateral side of mesoscutum, but with conspicuous deep impression distant from anterolateral margin of mesoscutum and crest before this impression. Scutellum with lateral longitudinal carinae in its front 0.2���0.3. Mesopleuron shallowly granulate peripherally and more or less smooth centrally, weakly shining, with very fine sparse punctures. Foveate groove (Fig. 65) thin, curved, situated in centre of mesopleuron, not reaching neither its front nor hind margin, with short transverse wrinkles. Propodeum granulate, impunctate, dull. Propodeal spiracle separated from pleural carina by 1.0���2.0�� diameter of spiracle (Fig. 65). Basal area of propodeum narrow, 0.5���0.8�� as long as apical area, with basal longitudinal carinae subparallel or weakly divergent anteriorly (sometimes indistinct); transverse carina with short adjacent wrinkles; apical area flat, widely rounded anteriorly; apical longitudinal carinae complete or incomplete (reaching or not reaching transverse carina anteriorly). Fore wing with second recurrent vein (2m-cu) distinctly postfurcal. Intercubitus (2rs-m) short and thick, shorter than abscissa of cubitus between intercubitus and second recurrent vein (abscissa of M between 2rs-m and 2m-cu). First abscissa of radius (Rs+2r) almost straight, 1.2�� as long as width of pterostigma. First and second abscissae of radius (Rs+2 r and Rs) meeting at right angle. Metacarpus (R1) not reaching apex of fore wing. Second abscissa of postnervulus present, almost completely enclosing brachial cell posteriorly. Hind wing with nervellus (cu1&cu-a) slightly reclivous. Legs slender. Tarsal claws long, not pectinate. First tergite 3.6�� as long as posteriorly broad, in cross-section trapeziform centrally; in profile, with upper margin more or less evenly convex, sometimes with apical 0.3 somewhat stronger convex; postpetiole distinctly wider than petiole in dorsal view; first tergite mostly smooth, petiole partly with very shallow striae dorsally and laterally. Glymma deep, relatively large, situated in posterior 0.6 of tergite, joining by deep furrow to ventral part of postpetiole. Second tergite 1.4���1.5�� as long as anteriorly broad. Thyridial depression sharp, about 1.5�� as long as broad. Ovipositor weakly and evenly bent upwards, with shallow dorsal subapical depression (Fig. 66); sheath 1.8���2.2�� as long as first tergite. Head, mesosoma and first metasomal segment dark reddish brown to brownish black. Palpi, mandible (teeth red) and lower 0.4 of clypeus brownish yellow. Antenna brownish black, scape and pedicel ventrally yellow-brown. Tegula yellow. Wings hyaline. Pterostigma brown, with whitish markings in proximal and distal corners. Legs brownish yellow, hind coxa more or less darkened with brown. Metasoma posterior to first tergite brown ventrally to dark brown dorsally, sometimes with weak yellowish markings ventrally and on lateral sides. Male. Unknown. Etymology. The species is named after the Latin spectabilis (noteworthy, outstanding). Distribution. Mexico (Tamaulipas). Comparison. The new species differs from all other Mexican species of Probles by the combination of its robust antennae with short flagellomeres (Fig. 63), eyes with setae (Fig. 64) and short second tergite., Published as part of Khalaim, Andrey I. & Ru��z-Cancino, Enrique, 2019, Mexican species of the genus Probles F��rster (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Tersilochinae), pp. 201-230 in Zootaxa 4619 (2) on pages 223-225, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4619.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3249517

6. Probles (Euporizon) lunai Khalaim, sp. nov. (Figs 32���39) Material examined. Holotype female (UAT), Mexico, Tamaulipas, Km 21 La Pe��a���Joya Larga [road north from La Pe��a], pine forest, 16.IX.2000, coll. C. Covarrubias-Dimas. Paratypes. MEXICO. Chiapas: 1 ♀ (TAMU) 4 km W of San Crist��bal [de las Casas], San Felipe [Ecatepec], Oak-grass woodlands, 24���28.VIII.1990, coll. R. Jones. Tamaulipas: 1 ♀ (UAT) NE of Miquihuana, Rancho Obed Hern��ndez, 2500 m, pine forest, Malaise trap, 10���24.IX.2011, coll. E. Ru��z-Cancino & J. Trevi��o-Carreon. Description. Female. Body length 2.9 mm. Fore wing length 2.7 mm. Head, in dorsal view, strongly and roundly constricted and rounded posterior to eyes (Fig. 35); gena 0.65�� as long as eye width. Eyes glabrous. Clypeus in front view (Fig. 33) lenticular, with ventrolateral margins not or slightly impressed, about 3.0�� as broad as long, very weakly convex, smooth in lower half and scabrous with very fine and sparse punctures in upper half, separated from face by distinct furrow. Palp formula 4+3. Mandible moderately slender, weakly tapered in basal half and with upper and lower margins subparallel in apical half; upper tooth somewhat longer than the lower. Malar space 0.9���1.0�� as long as basal mandibular width. Antennal flagellum (Fig. 34) basally very slender, filiform, with 22 flagellomeres in holotype and 20 flagellomeres in paratypes; second flagellomere about 2.5�� and subapical flagellomeres 1.3���1.5�� as long as broad. Face with weak median prominence. Face and frons granulate, impunctate, dull. Vertex shallowly granulate anteriorly and medially to smooth posteriorly and laterally, without distinct punctures. Gena smooth, shining, with very fine and sparse punctures. Occipital carina complete. Hypostomal carina absent. Mesoscutum finely granulate, impunctate and dull, with lateral lobes centrally almost smooth and weakly shining. Notaulus with distinct wrinkle on anterolateral side of mesoscutum (Fig. 32). Scutellum with lateral longitudinal carinae present at its front 0.1���0.15. Mesopleuron predominantly smooth and shining, very finely granulate peripherally and below foveate groove, impunctate in paratypes and with very fine and sparse punctures in upper part in holotype. Epicnemial carina joining front margin of mesopleuron. Foveate groove moderately broad, situated in central 0.8 of mesopleuron, S-curved, with distinct transverse wrinkles (Fig. 36). Propodeal spiracle separated from pleural carina by 0.5���1.0�� diameter of spiracle. Propodeum granulate, impunctate, dull (almost smooth in paratype from Chiapas). Propodeum with broad basal area which is partly indistinct (because of irregular wrinkles) in holotype and paratype from Tamaulipas (Fig. 37), and well delineated in paratype from Chiapas (Fig. 38); basal area 0.8���1.0�� as long as apical area; apical area flat, widely rounded anteriorly (Figs 37, 38); apical longitudinal carinae complete, reaching transverse carina anteriorly. Fore wing with second recurrent vein (2m-cu) distinctly postfurcal; vein 2m-cu weakly pigmented in front 0.5��� 0.6 and distinct posteriorly. Intercubitus (2rs-m) short to almost absent, somewhat thickened, shorter than abscissa of cubitus between intercubitus and second recurrent vein (abscissa of M between 2rs-m and 2m-cu). First abscissa of radius (Rs+2r) straight, distinctly longer than width of pterostigma. First and second abscissae of radius (Rs+2 r and Rs) meeting at right or slightly acute angle. Metacarpus (R1) not reaching apex of fore wing (Fig. 32). Second abscissa of postnervulus present, thus brachial cell is closed posteriorly. Hind wing with nervellus (cu1&cu-a) weakly reclivous. Legs slender. Tarsal claws not pectinate. First tergite 4.0�� as long as posteriorly broad, with petiole striate laterally and (in holotype) dorsally, postpetiole smooth; tergite in cross-section centrally round or somewhat trapeziform, with upper margin weakly convex in basal 0.6���0.7 and somewhat stronger convex in apical 0.3���0.4; postpetiole wider than petiole in dorsal view. Glymma moderately deep, situated in posterior 0.6 of tergite and joining by furrow to ventral part of postpetiole. Second tergite 1.7�� as long as anteriorly broad. Thyridial depression twice as long as broad, with posterior end rounded. Ovipositor long and slender, weakly and evenly upcurved (Fig. 32), with shallow dorsal subapical depression (Fig. 39); sheath 2.0���2.8�� (2.2�� in holotype) as long as first tergite. Head and mesosoma dark reddish brown to brownish black; tegula and lower 0.6 of clypeus yellow. Palpi and mandible (teeth red) yellow. Scape and pedicel of antenna pale brown in holotype and yellow in both paratypes; flagellum brown, yellowish ventrally in paratype from Chiapas. Wings hyaline. Pterostigma pale brown. Legs brownish yellow, hind coxa darkened with brown in females from Tamaulipas and entirely yellow in female from Chiapas. First metasomal segment brown or dark brown. Metasoma posterior to first tergite predominantly brown, in holotype metasoma behind second tergite dark brown to brownish black. Male. Unknown. Variation. Female from Chiapas is distinctly paler than females from Tamaulipas, with head and mesosoma orange-brown rather than brownish black and flagellum yellow to pale brown ventrally. Propodeal spiracle in female from Chiapas is separated from pleural carina by one diameter of spiracle, propodeum with basal longitudinal carinae distinct (Fig. 38) and ovipositor sheath 2.8�� as long as first tergite (2.0���2.2�� in females from Tamaulipas). Etymology. The species is named in honour of our colleague, professor of UAT, Juan Fidencio Luna Salas. Distribution. Mexico (Tamaulipas, Chiapas) (Fig. 1). Comparison. The new species differs from all other species of Probles occurring in Mexico by the combination of smooth gena, propodeum with long and broad basal area (Figs 37, 38), and long and weakly upcurved ovipositor with shallow dorsal subapical depression (Figs 32, 39)., Published as part of Khalaim, Andrey I. & Ru��z-Cancino, Enrique, 2019, Mexican species of the genus Probles F��rster (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Tersilochinae), pp. 201-230 in Zootaxa 4619 (2) on pages 214-216, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4619.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3249517

11. Probles (Euporizon) xalapana Khalaim, sp. nov. (Figs 67���70) Material examined. Holotype female (UAT), Mexico, [State of] Veracruz, SW of Xalapa, park near Institute de Ecolog��a, 19��30.768���N, 96��56.349���W, 1260 m, 12���14.IV.2014, coll. A.I. Khalaim. Paratype. MEXICO, Veracruz: 1 ♂ (UAT) same data as holotype. Description. Female. Body length 3.25 mm. Fore wing length 2.7 mm. Head, in dorsal view, roundly constricted posterior to eyes; gena 0.7�� as long as eye width. Eyes glabrous. Clypeus broad, lenticular, 2.6�� as long as broad, very weakly convex, with distinct and moderately dense punctures in upper 0.6, smooth in lower part and between punctures, separated from face by weak and shallow impression. Mandible very slender, weakly and evenly tapered, with upper tooth very long, 3.0�� longer than the lower. Malar space almost half as long as basal mandibular width (Fig. 69). Antennal flagellum (Fig. 68) slender, tapered towards apex, with 16 flagellomeres; all flagellomeres (except basal and apical ones) 1.4���1.6�� as long as broad. Face with weak median prominence and small median tubercle in upper part. Face and frons densely granulate, without distinct punctures, dull. Vertex granulate, with fine punctures (partly indistinct because of granulation), dull. Gena finely punctate, smooth centrally and shallowly granulate in upper and lower parts. Occipital carina complete. Mesoscutum with very fine punctures on granulate background, dull. Notaulus with strong wrinkle on anterolateral side of mesoscutum (Fig. 69). Scutellum with lateral longitudinal carinae present in basal 0.25. Mesopleuron with fine and distinct punctures, very shallowly granulate and weakly shining centrally, granulate or uneven peripherally. Foveate groove (Fig. 69) situated in front half of mesopleuron, strongly oblique, thin, not reaching epicnemial carina anteriorly, with transverse wrinkles extending downwards. Propodeal spiracle separated from pleural carina by half diameter of spiracle (Fig. 69). Propodeum granulate, with very fine and sparse punctures, dull; basal area indistinct, with a pair close, subparallel, weak and partly obliterated carinae; basal part about 0.4�� as as long as apical area; apical area, flat, evenly granulate and impunctate, anteriorly rounded; apical longitudinal carinae complete, distinctly divergent from posterior end of apical area towards transverse carina. Fore wing with second recurrent vein (2m-cu) distinctly postfurcal. Intercubitus (2rs-m) moderately long, thick. First abscissa of radius (Rs+2r) straight, much longer than width of pterostigma. First and second abscissae of radius (Rs+2 r and Rs) meeting at slightly acute angle. Metacarpus (R1) almost reaching apex of fore wing. Second abscissa of postnervulus present, thus brachial cell is closed posteriorly. Hind wing with nervellus (cu1&cu-a) slightly reclivous. Legs slender. Tarsal claws not pectinate. First tergite 3.8�� as long as posteriorly broad, entirely polished, round in cross-section centrally, with upper margin almost straight in basal 0.8 and convex in apical 0.2; postpetiole widened in dorsal view and clearly separated from petiole. Glymma deep, situated in posterior 0.65 of tergite, joining by thin and deep furrow to ventral part of postpetiole. Second tergite 1.55�� as long as anteriorly broad. Thyridial depression 2.5�� as long as broad. Ovipositor weakly and evenly bent upwards, with two dorsal subapical teeth and fine teeth ventrally (Fig. 70); sheath 1.8�� as long as first tergite. Head and mesosoma black with brownish tinge; clypeus brownish yellow in lower 0.4 and dark brown in upper 0.6; lower half of pronotum and upper front corner of mesopleuron reddish brown (Fig. 69). Palpi, mandible (teeth reddish) and tegula brownish yellow. Scape and pedicel of antenna brownish yellow, flagellum dark brown. Wings hyaline. Pterostigma brown. Legs yellow, hind tarsus infuscate. First metasomal segment brown. Metasoma posterior to first tergite predominantly brown, ventrally and posteriorly yellow. Male. Antennal flagellum more or less filiform, with 16 flagellomeres. Propodeum with one (right) basal longitudinal carina distinct and another (left) represented by a short tubercle posteriorly, thus the propodeum seeming to have a single basal keel. Second tergite more slender. Head and mesosoma paler than in female, predominantly brown. Hind coxa slightly darkened with brown. Metasoma posterior to first tergite brown dorsally and yellow ventrally. Otherwise similar to female. Etymology. The species is named after the type locality, Xalapa. Distribution. Mexico (Veracruz). Comparison. The new species is similar to P. belokobylskii sp. nov. as both have exceptionally long upper tooth of mandible, short antennae with 15���16 flagellomeres and very slender and smooth first metasomal segment with small glymma in apical 0.65, but differs from this species by postfurcal second recurrent vein (2m-cu), shorter malar space (Fig. 69), shorter distance between propodeal spiracle and pleural carina (Fig. 69) and longer ovipositor., Published as part of Khalaim, Andrey I. & Ru��z-Cancino, Enrique, 2019, Mexican species of the genus Probles F��rster (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Tersilochinae), pp. 201-230 in Zootaxa 4619 (2) on pages 225-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4619.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3249517

Genus Probles F��rster, 1869 Type species: Probles melanarius Sz��pligeti, 1899 (= erythrostomus Gravenhorst, 1829). Twelve species of the genus Probles F��rster are found to occur in Mexico. All species belong to the subgenus Euporizon Horstmann and are new to science. The genus is rare in Mexico and predominantly collected in the mountainous parts of the country (see Fig. 1). Most species are represented by one or a few specimens, except for P. megasoma sp. nov. which is relatively abundant and distributed from tropical Mexico to Costa Rica (Fig. 2). Eleven other Mexican species of Probles were not found in a large examined tersilochine material from Costa Rica (which contains several undescribed species of Probles), and apparently do not occur in this country., Published as part of Khalaim, Andrey I. & Ru��z-Cancino, Enrique, 2019, Mexican species of the genus Probles F��rster (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Tersilochinae), pp. 201-230 in Zootaxa 4619 (2) on page 203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4619.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3249517

8. Probles (Euporizon) miquihuana Khalaim & Ru��z-Cancino, sp. nov. (Figs 47���55) Material examined. Holotype female (UAT), Mexico, Tamaulipas, 6 km NE of Miquihuana, 23��36.125���N, 99��42.45���W, 2200���2600 m, 24.X.2008, coll. A.I. Khalaim. Description. Female. Body length 3.5 mm. Fore wing length 2.9 mm. Head, in dorsal view, distinctly constricted and rounded posterior to eyes (Fig. 48); gena 0.85�� as long as eye width. Eyes glabrous. Clypeus lenticular in front view, about 2.5�� as broad as long, almost flat in lateral view, smooth in lower half and scabrous with several very fine punctures in upper half, separated from face by distinct furrow. Palp formula 4+3. Mandible moderately slender, weakly tapered in basal half; upper tooth distinctly longer than the lower. Malar space almost as long as basal mandibular width. Antennal flagellum (Fig. 49) basally slender, probably filiform, with over 15 flagellomeres (apices of both flagella missing); second flagellomere almost 2.5�� as long as broad. Face with weak elongate median prominence. Face and frons granulate, impunctate, dull. Vertex shallowly granulate, impunctate, weakly shining. Gena polished, with very fine setiferous punctures. Occipital carina complete. Hypostomal carina absent. Mesosoma granulate, impunctate, dull; mesopleuron centrally (above and below the foveate groove) more or less smooth and shining. Notaulus absent (Figs 47, 48). Scutellum with lateral longitudinal carinae present only at its extreme base (Fig. 51). Foveate groove (Fig. 50) long, S-curved, extending across mesopleuron but not reaching neither front nor hind margin of mesopleuron, with transverse wrinkles extending downwards. Propodeal spiracle separated from pleural carina by one diameter of spiracle (Fig. 53). Propodeum with all carinae strong (Fig. 51); basal keel 0.9�� as long as apical area; apical area flat, very broad and obtusely pointed anteriorly; apical longitudinal carinae more or less complete, convergent towards transverse carina. Fore wing with second recurrent vein (2m-cu) postfurcal. Intercubitus (2rs-m) thickened, as long as abscissa of cubitus between intercubitus and second recurrent vein (abscissa of M between 2rs-m and 2m-cu). First abscissa of radius (Rs+2r) almost straight, much longer than width of pterostigma. First and second abscissae of radius (Rs+2 r and Rs) meeting at slightly acute angle. Metacarpus (R1) not reaching apex of fore wing. Second abscissa of postnervulus present, thus brachial cell is clearly closed posteriorly. Hind wing (Fig. 52) with nervellus (cu1&cu-a) slightly reclivous. Legs slender. Tarsal claws moderately long and weakly curved, not pectinate. First tergite 4.2�� as long as posteriorly broad, smooth; in cross-section trapeziform basally and round centrally; with upper margin almost straight in basal 0.65 and strongly arcuate in apical 0.35 (Fig. 53); postpetiole distinctly wider than petiole in dorsal view. Glymma deep, situated in posterior 0.6 of tergite, joining by deep and sharp furrow to ventral part of postpetiole (Fig. 53). Second tergite twice as long as anteriorly broad (Fig. 54). Thyridial depression 3.0�� as long as broad. Ovipositor long and very slender, weakly bent upwards, with weak dorsal subapical depression and stronger upcurved at extreme apex (Fig. 55); sheath about 3.0�� as long as first tergite. Head, mesosoma and first metasomal segment black. Palpi, mandible (teeth dark reddish brown) and lower 1/3 of clypeus brownish yellow. Scape and pedicel of antenna dark brown, flagellum black. Tegula yellow. Wings hyaline. Pterostigma brown. Fore and mid legs brownish yellow. Hind leg with coxa extensively darkened with brown, trochanters brownish yellow, femur brown (paler at base and apex), and tibia and tarsus dirty brown (tibia with weak subbasal pale band and basitarsus pale at base). Metasoma posterior to first tergite predominantly dark brown with brownish yellow markings laterally and ventrally; tergite 2 dorsally with transverse band posteriorly and narrow stripes on lateral margins in front 0.6 yellow (Fig. 54); tergite 3 with posterior pale band weaker than on tergite 2., Published as part of Khalaim, Andrey I. & Ru��z-Cancino, Enrique, 2019, Mexican species of the genus Probles F��rster (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Tersilochinae), pp. 201-230 in Zootaxa 4619 (2) on page 219, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4619.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3249517

Key to Mexican species of Exenterus 1. Female. Antenna yellow or brownish yellow, at most scape, pedicel and a few basal flagellomeres infuscate dorsally (Figs 8, 9). Propleuron, metapleuron and propodeum yellow or yellow-marked (Fig. 10). Hind coxa yellow at least in its ventral half (Fig. 10). Metasomal tergite 2 black with conspicuous posterior yellow band (Fig. 20)................................ 2 - Male. Antenna dorsally, propleuron, metapleuron, propodeum, hind coxa and metasomal tergite 2 black (Figs 22, 24)..... 3 2. Hind tarsus, in dorsal view, with tarsomere 3 distinctly elongate (Fig. 1). Tergite 3 with transverse yellow band in posterior 0.5 (Fig. 3). Pronotum entirely yellow...................................................... E. durangensis sp. nov. - Hind tarsus, in dorsal view, with tarsomere 3 transverse or as long as broad (Figs 2, 17). Tergite 3 with transverse yellow band in posterior 0.2���0.25 (Fig. 4). Pronotum yellow with conspicuous dorsomedian and lateral black markings (Figs 12, 14).................................................................................... E. sehuerachicus sp. nov. 3. Epomia almost straight, converging towards anterior margin of pronotum ventrally and more or less reaching it (Fig. 6). Genae black with eye orbits narrowly yellow-banded (Fig. 5). Mandible black basally (Fig. 5). Mesosoma black with only subtegular prominence and extreme hind margins of scutelum and postscutellum yellow................... E. durangensis sp. nov. - Epomia with lower half subparallel to anterior margin of pronotum, ending far from it, and with upper end weakly but distinctly curved (Fig. 7). Genae with yellow eye orbits distinctly widened ventrally, thus the entire lower 0.2���0.3 of gena is yellow (Fig. 22). Mandible yellow basally (Fig. 21). Mesosoma black with yellow stripes on anterior margin and lateral side of pronotum, lateral stripes on mesoscutum, posterior about 0.7 of scutellum, entire postscutellum, subtegular prominence and conspicuous mark on mesopleuron above the upper end of epicnemial carina (Fig. 22).......... E. sehuerachicus sp. nov., Published as part of Ru��z-Cancino, Enrique & Khalaim, Andrey I., 2015, Mexican species of the genus Exenterus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Tryphoninae) reared from diprionid hosts, pp. 140-150 in Zootaxa 4048 (1) on page 143, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/245953

Exenterus durangensis Khalaim & Ru��z-Cancino, sp. nov. (Figs 1, 3, 5, 6, 26) Description. Female. Fore wing length 7.1���8.5 mm (8.5 mm in holotype). Head: Coarsely punctate, smooth and shining between punctures; punctures on lower half of genae slightly sparser; clypeus impunctate in lower half. Genae rounded behind eyes in dorsal view. Antenna somewhat shorter than metasoma; flagellum distinctly tapered towards apex, with 27���29 flagellomeres; a few basal flagellomeres elongate, mid and subapical flagellomeres subquadrate or transverse. Supraclypeal suture deep and sharp. Malar space 0.35 �� as long as basal mandibular width. Lateral ocellus separated from face by 1.8 ���2.0�� its own maximum diameter. Mesosoma: Entirely densely and coarsely punctate, distance between punctures much shorter than diameter of one puncture, sometimes punctures almost touching; dull to shining between punctures (especially on scutellum and mesopleuron); scutellum centrally less densely punctate. Propodeum with posterior transverse carina distinct laterally and absent or vestigial medially, without longitudinal wrinkle mediodorsally; area coxalis usually delineated. All tarsi shortened and strongly depressed; fore and mid tarsi 0.8���0.9 �� and hind tarsus 0.8���0.85 �� as long as their tibiae; hind tarsomere 3 distinctly elongate. Metasoma: Tergite 1 of metasoma 1.1 �� as long as posteriorly broad, with lateromedian carinae more or less distinct in basal half and usually indistinct posteriorly. Tergite 2 strongly transverse, 0.55���0.6 �� as long as posteriorly broad. Tergites 1 and 2 coarsely sculptured, punctate-reticulate to reticulate. Tergites 3 + with coarse and very dense punctures; distance between punctures much shorter than diameter of one puncture, sometimes punctures almost touching. Hypopygium apically weakly truncated. Ovipositor sheath apically narrowly rounded. Coloration: Clypeus, face and genae yellow. Frons and vertex black with yellow frontal orbits (extending above to lateral ocelli), broad median longitudinal stripe, a pair of small spots before lateral ocelli and a pair of larger markings behind lateral ocelli. Mandible (except teeth) yellow. Antenna yellow; scape, pedicel and flagellomere 1 basally black-marked dorsally. Mesosoma with propleuron and pronotum entirely yellow; mesoscutum black with lateral margins and a pair of weak or distinct narrow mediodorsal stripes yellow; scutellum entirely yellow or (in holotype) with anterior margin narrowly black; postscutellum yellow; mesopleuron predominantly yellow with variable amount of black in posterior upper quarter, and black mark extending below subtegular prominence towards anterior margin of mesopleuron; mesepimeron yellow; metapleuron 80 % or more yellow, narrowly black on upper and anterior margins and upper anterior corner black; propodeum black with a pair of large yellow posterolateral markings. Wings slightly infumate with yellow-brown. Tegula entirely yellow. Pterostigma pale brown. Legs yellow; hind leg with coxa with small black markings dorsally and on lateral sides, trochanteral segments black-marked dorsally and tibia fuscous in apical 0.3���0.5. Metasoma black; all tergites yellow-banded posteriorly and laterally, tergite 1 sometimes also with yellow stripes on lateromedian carinae basally; yellow posterior bands on tergites 1 and 2 narrow medially and much broader laterally, thus the margin between black and yellow parts is strongly arcuate; transverse posterior band occupies 0.2���0.3 on tergite 2 and about 0.5 on tergite 3; yellow bands on tergites 4 + occupy more than half (anterior black part often largely covered by preceding tergite, and therefore tergites seeming almost entirely yellow); ovipositor sheath yellow, sometimes infuscate. Male. Fore wing length 7.3���8.3 mm. Antenna longer than in female, with 30���32 flagellomeres; all flagellomeres distincty elongate. Epomia almost straight, distinctly converging towards anterior margin of pronotum ventrally and more or less reaching it (Fig. 6). Tarsi weakly depressed, longer than in female; hind tarsus 0.9 �� as long as tibia. Tergite 1 of metasoma with lateromedian carinae distinct in anterior half and usually indistinct posteriorly. Tergites 1 and 2 coarsely sculptured, punctate-reticulate or reticulate. Coloration: Much darker than female. Head predominantly black; face yellow with median longitudinal black stripe; frontal orbits, narrow median longitudinal stripe on frons and narrow genal orbits yellow. Antenna with scape and pedicel predominantly black, ventrally yellow; flagellum entirely black. Mesosoma black with only subtegular prominence and hind margins of scutellum and postscutelum yellow. Tegula black. Wings very slightly infumate with yellow-brown. Pterostigma pale brown. Fore and mid coxae and first trochanter black, sometimes yellow-marked ventrally; second trochanters yellow, legs with sometimes black-marked dorsally; femora and tibiae predominantly brownish black, more or less yellow on ventral and anterior sides yellow; tarsi fuscous dorsally and yellowish ventrally. Hind leg with coxa and trochanteral segments black (second trochanter sometimes with small yellow marking ventrally); femur brownish black to black; tibia dark brown basally to black apically, yellow on ventral side in basal about 0.7; and tarsus brownish black, slightly paler ventrally. Metasoma black, tergites 3 + medially with posterior margin narrowly yellow. Etymology. Named after the type locality, the state of Durango, Mexico. Material examined. Holotype female (UAT), Mexico, Durango, San Dimas, Ejido Los Negros, parasitoid of Zadiprion falsus, 9.X. 1989, coll. R. Miranda. Paratypes. 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (AEIC) same data as holotype. 1 ♀, 2 ♂ (UAT) same data, but 25���26.X. 1989, coll. R. Miranda & S. Salazar. Distribution. Mexico (Durango) (Fig. 26). Biology. Reared from Zadiprion falsus Smith. Comments. Similar to E. sehuerachicus sp. nov. but differs by the longer hind tarsus in female (Fig. 1), the structure of epomia in male (Fig. 6), and colour pattern in both sexes (see the key above)., Published as part of Ru��z-Cancino, Enrique & Khalaim, Andrey I., 2015, Mexican species of the genus Exenterus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Tryphoninae) reared from diprionid hosts, pp. 140-150 in Zootaxa 4048 (1) on pages 143-145, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/245953

Megarhyssa Ashmead, 1900 Thalessa Holmgren, 1859: 122. Preoccupied by Thalessa Adams, 1853 (Mollusca). Type species: Ichneumon clauatus Fabricius, 1798 (= perlatus Christ, 1791), by subsequent designation (Ashmead 1900). Megarhyssa Ashmead, 1900: 368. Replacement name for Thalessa Holmgren. Megalorhyssa Schulz, 1906: 115. Unjustified emendation for Megarhyssa. Eurhyssa Derksen, 1941: 721. Type species: Ichneumon superbus Schrank, 1781, by subsequent designation (Townes & Townes 1951)., Published as part of Khalaim, A. I. & Ru��z-Cancino, E., 2013, A new species of Megarhyssa Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Rhyssinae) from tropical Mexico with a key to Mexican species, pp. 195-200 in Zootaxa 3619 (2) on page 196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3619.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/218640, {"references":["Ashmead, W. H. (1900) Some changes in generic names in Hymenoptera. The Canadian Entomologist, 32 (12), 368. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 32368 a- 12","Holmgren, A. E. (1859) Conspectus generum Pimplariarum Sueciae. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 16, 121 - 132.","Fabricius, J. C. (1798) Supplementum entomologiae systematicae. Hafniae, 572 pp.","Christ, J. L. (1791) Naturgeschichte, Klassification und Nomenklatur der Insekten von Bienen, Wespen und Ameisengeschlect. Frankfurt am Main, 535 pp.","Schulz, W. A. (1906) Spolia Hymenopterologica. Paderborn (Junfermann), 356 pp.","Derksen, W. (1941) Die Succession der pterygoten Insekten im abgestorbenen Buchenholz. Zeitschrift fur Morphologie und Okologie der Tiere, 37, 683 - 734. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00437762","Schrank, F. von P. (1781) Enumeratio insectorum austriae indigenorum. Augustae Vindelicorum, 548 pp.","Townes, H. K. & Townes, M. (1951) Family Ichneumonidae. In: Muesebeck, C. F. W., Krombein, K. V. & Townes H. K. (Eds), Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico - Synoptic catalog. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Monograph, No. 2, pp. 184 - 409."]}

Key to species of Megarhyssa occurring in Mexico 1. Metasoma laterally yellow, with broad dorsal longitudinal black stripe extending entire length of metasoma (Fig. 7). Fore wing hyaline with conspicuous subapical dark mark at apex of the radial cell (Fig. 8). Flagellum of antenna blackish with broad subapical pale band (Fig. 2). Ovipositor sheath 3.4 �� as long as fore wing (Fig. 1)....................... M. gratiosa sp. nov. - Metasoma with variable amount of yellow, reddish orange and black; tergites often transversely banded or with dorsal and/or lateral marks, but never with continuous median black stripe extending along entire length of metasoma. Fore wing without apical dark mark, or with radial cell darkened only at base (Townes & Townes 1960: Fig. 319, d���g). Flagellum of antenna more or less entirely black, sometimes somewhat lighter in the apical half, never with contrasting pale band. Ovipositor sheath about 1.9 ���3.0 �� as long as fore wing........................................................................... 2 2. Hind leg with coxa and tarsus entirely black, femur and tibia black in basal 0.8 and yellow in apical 0.2. Head and mesosoma black with yellow markings (Kasparyan 2002: Figs 1, 2). Metasoma extensively black, tergites 1 and 2 with pre-apical dorsomedian yellow marks, tergites 3 + with lateral yellow markings (Kasparyan 2002: Figs 1, 3). Malar space 1.4 �� as long as apical width of mandible. Ovipositor sheath 1.9 �� as long as fore wing. [Distribution: Central Mexico (State of Mexico)]......................................................................................... M. verae Kasparyan, 2002 - Hind leg predominantly brownish orange with yellow marks. Head and mesosoma predominantly yellow and brown. Metasoma yellow to reddish brown, with more or less distinct transverse pre-apical yellow bands on tergites. Malar space about 0.7 �� as long as apical width of mandible. Ovipositor sheath about 3.0 �� as long as fore wing. [Distribution: southern U.S.A. from Texas to Georgia and Florida, northern Mexico (Chihuahua).]................ M. macrura macrura (Linnaeus, 1771), Published as part of Khalaim, A. I. & Ru��z-Cancino, E., 2013, A new species of Megarhyssa Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Rhyssinae) from tropical Mexico with a key to Mexican species, pp. 195-200 in Zootaxa 3619 (2) on page 196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3619.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/218640, {"references":["Townes, H. K. & Townes, M. (1960) Ichneumon-flies of America north of Mexico: 2. Subfamilies Ephialtinae, Xoridinae, Acaenitinae. United States National Museum Bulletin, 216 (2), 1 - 676. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.216.1 - 2","Kasparyan, D. R. (2002) A new species of Megarhyssa Ashmead, 1900 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from Mexico. Russian Entomological Journal, 11 (3), 305 - 306."]}

Megarhyssa gratiosa Khalaim & Ru��z-Cancino, sp. nov. Figs 1���8. Material examined. Holotype female (EMEC) ��� Mexico, Chiapas, 27 mi. [= 43.5 km] N. Ocozocoautla [de Espinosa], 21 July, 1965 ���, ���D.R. Pauson collr.���, ���California State Univ., Long Beach 1996 Donation Calif. Acad. Sci.��� Description. Female. Body length including ovipositor about 105 mm, without ovipositor 28 mm. Fore wing length 23 mm. Head, in dorsal view, slightly prominent just behind eyes and then roundly narrowed (Fig. 5). Antenna with 55���56 flagellomeres; flagellum almost 1.1 �� as long as fore wing; flagellomeres 1���5 combined 1.4 �� as long as hind basitarsus. Malar space 0.57 �� as long as basal width of mandible (Fig. 4). Mandible robust, longitudinally striate in basal half; upper tooth roundly pointed, longer than lower tooth; lower tooth obtuse, much broader than upper tooth, uniformly rounded ventrally. Clypeus with strong transverse carinae. Labrum greatly exposed, widely rounded ventrally. Face with large and very dense (sometimes almost touching) punctures. Frons with high longitudinal crest between antennal sockets. Vertex and gena smooth and shining, with fine and sparse punctures; lower part of gena with distinct punctures and shallow longitudinal striae. Occipital carina developed only ventrally, completely absent dorsally and dorsolaterally. Mesosoma predominantly smooth, partly finely punctate. Mesopleuron centrally with fine and dense setiferous punctures, ventrolateraly impunctate. Scutellum with two arcuate transverse wrinkles in its posterior half. Postscutellum with one arcuate transverse wrinkle. Metapleuron anteriorly sparsely punctate. Pleural carina well developed. Propodeum smooth, virtually impunctate, with one complete transverse carina, complete lateral longitudinal carina and lateromedian longitudinal carina present as vestige only anteriorly in front of transverse carina; area basalis slightly transverse, distinctly impressed. Fore wing with large areolet with moderately short stalk anteriorly (anterior corner of areolet not touching R; Fig. 8). Vein 2 m-cu slightly arcuate toward base of the wing. Hind wing with distal abscissa of Cu 1 meeting cu-a very close to M, almost touching this vein (Fig. 8). Hind coxa at base ventrally with conspicuous crest. First tergite 2.2 �� as long as posteriorly broad. Apical edge of first sternite slightly in front of spiracle of first tergite. Laterotergites 1���5 large. First and second tergites smooth, weakly polished, impunctate, mostly glabrous. Tergites 3 + more or less smooth, impunctate, with short pubescence. Ovipositor sheath almost 3.4 �� as long as fore wing and 2.8 �� as long as body (Fig. 1). Colour pattern. Head yellow, with a pair of black lateral marks on frons, black interocellar area and with a blackish mark extending from lateral ocellus to margin of eye. Antenna black, scape and pedicel yellowish beneath, flagellum basally brownish, with a contrast subapical yellow-orange band that covers flagellomeres about 33 to 49. Mandible yellow in basal half and black in apical half. Vertex posteromedially and upper part of occiput black. Mesosoma yellow with black markings (Figs 4, 5). Anteromedian part and narrowly hind margin of pronotum, large O-shaped mark on mesoscutum, scuto-scutellar groove, about 70 % of prepectus, dorsoposterior mark on mesopleuron, anterior margin of metapleuron and its lower part in anterior 0.6, area around the propodeal spiracle, dorsobasal part and median longitudinal stripe on propodeum black. Wings hyaline, fore wing with conspicuous dark spot at apex of radial cell (Fig. 8). Fore and mid legs predominantly yellow. Mid leg with femur and basitarsus slightly reddish, tarsomeres 2���4 fuscous and the apical tarsomere black (Fig. 3). Hind leg with coxa yellow basally to reddish brown apically, first trochanter reddish brown, second trochanter and femur red-brown, tibia and tarsomeres 1���4 reddish brown, and apical tarsomere black (Fig. 3). Metasoma yellow with broad longitudinal dorsal black mark extending from its base to apex (Figs 6, 7); tergites 1���6 laterally narrowly black on crease separating laterotergites, and tergite 7 with oblique blackish mark from its base to spiracle (Fig. 6). Ovipositor black with reddish tinge; sheath black with extreme apex (less than 0.02 of entire sheath length) yellow. Male. Unknown. Etymology. From the Latin gratiosa (agreeable, enjoying favor). Distribution. Southern Mexico (Chiapas). Southernmost record of the genus in the New World. Comments. The new species may easily be recognized by the characteristic colour pattern of the metasoma which is yellow with broad dorsal black stripe extending along its entire length (Fig. 7), and the ovipositor which is longer than in the other two Mexican species (Fig. 1). It also differs from M. verae and M. macrura by having a hyaline fore wing with a conspicuous dark spot at apex of the radial cell (Fig. 8), and from M. verae, also in having 56 flagellomeres (only 36 flagellomeres in M. verae) and a shorter malar space., Published as part of Khalaim, A. I. & Ru��z-Cancino, E., 2013, A new species of Megarhyssa Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Rhyssinae) from tropical Mexico with a key to Mexican species, pp. 195-200 in Zootaxa 3619 (2) on page 197, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3619.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/218640