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We present a description of the external morphology of Phyllomedusa azurea and describe the internal oral morphology of P. azurea and P. oreades from populations of the Brazilian Cerrado. We also present a comparison with the available descriptions of the external morphology of tadpoles from the P. hypochondrialis group and review the internal oral morphology of the Phyllomedusa genus. The tadpole of P. azurea is characterized by a tooth row formula of 2(2)/3(1), few submarginal papillae, and spiracle positioned ventrally. Phyllomedusa oreades has a diamond-shaped buccal floor, numerous pustulations randomly distributed throughout the buccal floor arena, and a triangular buccal roof. The variation observed in the morphology of P. azurea tadpoles highlights the need to understand how morphological variation affects traits used in species diagnosis and the extent to which this variation could be explained by resource use, geographic variation, and/or ontogeny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenotypic flexibility of morphological characters is widespread in the animal kingdom. In the present paper, we investigated altitudinal variation in organ size (heart, lungs, livers, kidneys and digestive tract) in the spotlegged treefrog (Polypedates megacephalus) across three populations along an altitudinal gradient in southwestern China. Both heart and lung mass increased with altitude, and is possibly linked to a lower oxygen supply at high elevations; a higher liver mass suggested the increased need for energy stores. Despite significant differences between populations, we found no distinct cline in the length of the digestive tract according to altitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]