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2-R-4,4-Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzo[f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-5-ones containing an endocyclic carbonyl group, when stored or slightly heated, undergo spontaneous intramolecular cyclization into P+–C–O–-bipolar ions containing benzoxaphosphole and oxaphosphethane rings fused along the P–C bond. These ions further dimerize into carbaphosphatrane derivatives with a pentacoordinate phosphorus atom, where the P–C bond is incorporated simultaneously into four-, five-, and six-membered rings. Hydrolysis of the carbaphosphtranes leads to the formation of benzo[d][1,2]oxaphosphole derivatives. The structure of one of the carbaphosphatranes, as well as one of the benzo[d][1,2]oxaphospholes has been proved by X-ray diffraction analysis. Carbon substituents in the carbaphosphatrane occupy apical positions, whereas the more electronegative oxygen atoms are in equatorial positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new approach to obtaining of caged bicyclic phosphonate, 4-hydroxy-3-trifluoromethyl-3-ethoxycarbonyl-8-(1-phenylhydrazonoethyl)-5,6-benzo-2,7,1-dioxaphosphabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, based on hydrolysis of 2,5-dioxobenzo[ f]1,3,2-dioxaphosphepine derivative bearing 5-methyl-2-phenyl-2 H-1,2,3-diazaphosphol-4-yl substituent at the phosphorus was developed. The hydrolysis process includes elimination of P(II) atom and intramolecular cyclization involving endocyclic carbonyl group of the phosphepine. Structure of the caged phosphonate was established by NMR and XRD methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Results of development of novel original methods of isolation of the pectic polysaccharide (pectin) from amaranth ( Amaranthus cruentus L.) have been summarized and systematized. The technology of its integrated processing has been suggested, which is based on the extraction of pectin, rutin and plant protein from the dried amaranth biomass within one manufacturing process. Hydrolysis in rotary-pulse apparatuses is intensified by the application of the whey, which is the dairy waste, as a hydrolysis medium. Intermediate products of the hydrolysis-extraction of the amaranth can be used as a feed supplement for poultry. Chemical modification of pectic polysaccharides gave new physiologically active compounds, which are the water soluble complexes with macro- and microelements. Lack of toxicity, distinct antianemic effect and stimulation of hematopoietic system have been revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactions of 5- tert-butyl-2,2,2-trichloro-, 2,2,2-tribromo-5- tert-butyl-, and 2,2-dibromo-5- tert-butyl-2-fluoro-1,3,2λ-benzodioxaphospholes with aryl- and alkylacetylenes lead to quantitative formation of 2-halo-1,2λ-benzoxaphosphinine 2-oxides which may be regarded as phosphorus analogs of natural heterocyclic compounds, coumarin and chromene. The major products (>70%) are 4-aryl-7- tert-butyl-2,6-dichloro-, 4-aryl-2-bromo-7- tert-butyl-, and 4-aryl-7- tert-butyl-2-fluoro-1,2λ-benzoxaphosphinine 2-oxides. Hydrolysis of these compounds and their treatment with amines gives the corresponding 2-hydroxy and 2-amino derivatives, as well as ammonium salts. The structure of some compounds was proved by X-ray analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on a study conducted on the extraction of pectin from diakon. Pectins are widely used in various industries as food additives, and in medicines. The study involved extraction of pectins from daikon, by using an Aviamotor rotary pulse apparatus. In the process, daikon pulp was treated in the presence of 0.5 percent solution of oxalic or citric acid for 20 min at a rotor rotation speed of 3000 rpm; and hydrolysis and extraction were carried out thereafter.

The peculiarities of the reactions of 2-R-benzo[d]-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorin-4-ones, 2-R-naphtho[d]-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorin-4-ones, 2-R-8-azabenzo[e]-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorin-4-ones, and 2-R-1,3,2-dioxaphospholan-4-ones with unsaturated compounds are summarized in the review. The reactions proceed in the mild conditions and lead to the formation of the seven- and six-membered heterocycles 1,3,2-dioxa-, 1,3,2-oxaza-, 1,4,2-dioxa-, and 1,4,2-oxazaphosphepines and 1,3,2- and 1,4,2-dioxaphosphorinanes with a high regio- and stereoselectivity. The hydrolysis and thermolysis of the some benzophosphepine derivatives leads to the substituted fluorinated ketones and various nonphosphorus heterocycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stevioside and steviolbioside, glycosides from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, in addition to hybrid compounds synthesized from steviolbioside and the antituberculosis drug isoniazid and its isomer nicotinic acid hydrazide exhibited moderate antituberculosis activity against M. tuberculosis strain HR in vitro (MIC = 7.5, 3.75, 5, and 10 μg/mL, respectively). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphorylation of 2-hydroxyphenyl 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl ketone with dichloro(phenyl)phosphine gave 5-oxo-2-phenyl-4,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-di-hydro-1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphepine. Heating of the latter initiated an intramolecular interaction of the P atom with the carbonyl group. Hydrolysis of the intermediate product yielded 3-hydroxy-2-oxo-2-phenyl-3-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]-2,3-di-hydro-1,2λ-benzo[ d]oxaphosphole. The reaction was highly stereoselective (PC/PC). The reaction of the starting phosphepine with chloral proceeded highly stereoselectively (PCC/PCC) to give a 5-carbaphosphatrane derivative containing a four-membered ring, namely, 1-phenyl-3-trichloromethyl-10,10-bis(trifluoromethyl)-6,7-benzo-2,4,8,9-tetraoxa-1λ-phosphatricyclo[3.3.2.0,]decene. The trigonal bipyramid of the 5-carbaphosphatrane derivative is made up of the equatorial O atoms and the apical C atoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By 31P, 13C, 13C-{1H}, and 1H NMR spectroscopy the chlorination of 4-and 5-methyl-2,2,2-trichlorobenzo-1,3,2-dioxaphosphols was shown to provide in quantitative yield 4-methyl-2,2,2,5-tetrachloroand 6-methyl-2,2,2,5-tetrachlorobenzo-1,3,2-dioxaphosphols. Their hydrolysis led to the formation of difficultly available 4-methyl-5-chloro-and 3-methyl-4-chloro-1,2-dihydroxybenzenes. The structure of the latter compound was established by XRD analysis. The 5-methyl-2-chlorobenzo-1,3,2-dioxaphosphol treated with excess chlorine was converted in succession into 5-methyl-2,3,4,5,6,6-hexachlorocyclohex-1-en-3-yl dichlorophosphate and 5-methyl-1,2,4,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohex-1-en-3-yl dichlorophosphate. The hydrolysis resulted in 5-methyl-2,3,4,5,6,6-hexachlorocyclohex-2-en-1-yl dihydrophosphate. The configuration of three chiral carbon atoms in the latter was established by XRD study. In the course of the chlorination the aromaticity of the ortho-phenylene fragment was distorted and 3,3-sigmatropic shift of the dichlorophosphoryl group occurred. The reaction with chlorine of 5- tert-butyl-2,2,2-trichlorobenzo-1,3,2-dioxaphosphol and 2,2,2-trichloro-benzo-1,3,2-dioxaphosphol was not selective: The reaction product obtained in excess chlorine transformed on hydrolysis into tetrachloropyrocatechol. Its solvates with water and dioxane were studies by XRD analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reaction of hexafluoroacetone with 2-R-benzo[ d]-1,3,2-oxazophosphorin-8-ones leads to the formation of seven-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycles, the derivatives of 3-phenyl-9,9-bis (trifluoromethyl)benzo[ d]-1,3,2-oxaza-phosphepine-2,8-diones. Steric structure of 2,3-diphenyl-9,9-bis (trifluoromethyl)-benzo[ d]-1,3,2-oxazaphosphepine-2,8-di-one was established by X-ray structural analysis. By hydrolysis of the phosphepines a functionally substituted fluorinated ketone, 2-hydroxy-1-(2′-phenylamino)phenyl-2-trifluoromethyl-3,3,3-trifluoro)propan-1-one, was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reaction of hexafluoroacetone and chloral with 2-R-naphtho-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorin-4-ones yields 2-R-2,5-dioxo-4,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)naphthol-1,3,2-and 2-R-2,5-dioxo-3-trichloromethylnaphtho-1,4,2λ5-dioxaphosphepins. Hydrolysis of the fluorophosphepins gives naphthyl-substituted fluorinated hydroxy ketones. The steric structure of the dioxaphosphepins and some fluorinated ketones was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. A competition between the π-π and halogen-halogen interactions and hydrogen bonds of classic type in the formation of crystal packing and supramolecular structure was revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of hexafluoroacetone with 2-alkoxy-6(7)-chloro-1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphorin-4-ones yielded 7-and 8-chloro-substituted 2-alkoxy-2,5-dioxo-4,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,2λ5-benzodioxaphosphepines. Their steric structure was studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The effect of fluorinated substituents on the crystal packing of the benzophosphepines was demonstrated. Hydrolysis of these compounds gave the corresponding 4-and 5-chloro-substituted 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxo-1,1-bis(trifluoromethyl)-ethanols; the structure of 2-(2-hydroxy-5-chlorophenyl)-2-oxo-1,1-bis(trifluoromethyl)ethanol was also proved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2,2,2-Trichloro-4-fluoro-1,3,2?5-benzodioxaphosphole reacts with phenylacetylene to give 2,7-dichloro-5-fluoro-4-phenyl-2H-1,2?5-benzoxaphosphinine 2-oxide. Hydrolysis of the latter leads to opening of the oxaphosphinine ring with formation of (E)-2-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenylethenylphosphonic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polysaccharides of Lupinus angustifolius (Bryansk 123 and Krystall varieties) and Lupinus luteus (SG-91 variety) are extracted and hydrolyzed. Their chemical composition and structural features are studied. Optimal conditions for extraction, hydrolysis, and purification of the lupine polysaccharides are found. Structural features of the isolated pectins are determined based on13C NMR and IR spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article investigates the reaction of dioxaphosphol with unsubstituted alkylacetylene. The reaction with propargyl chloride with phosphol resulted in two phosphorus-containing substances which gave rise to characteristic doublet signals of benzophosphorinines which were converted by hydrolysis into the corresponding acids.