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In this study, sulfamic acid-catalyzed pretreatment and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis was conducted to produce biosugar from the marine macro-alga Gracilaria verrucosa. Sulfamic acid has dual active sites and is a green catalyst. Optimized sulfamic acid pretreatment at 130°C with 7.5% biomass and 100 mM sulfamic acid for 90 min yielded 39.9% total reducing sugar (TRS). Subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis yielded 69.1% TRS. These results indicate the potential of sulfamic acidcatalyzed pretreatment and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis in producing biosugars using a biorefinery process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Marine green-algae Enteromorpha intestinalis converted to reducing sugar. [•] 7.3g/L TRS obtained under hydrothermal condition (1:10 S/L ratio, 170°C, 60min). [•] By post-hydrothermal enzymatic hydrolysis, 20.1g/L yield was achieved. [•] The higher severity factor can cause the over-degradation of carbohydrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]