6 results on '"Wei, Max"'
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2. California's Energy Future - The View to 2050
- Author
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Long, Jane CS, John, Miriam, Greenblatt, Jeffery, Wei, Max, Yang, Christopher, Richter, Burton, Hannegan, Bryan, and Youngs, Heather
- Subjects
Greenhouse gases ,Energy ,Efficiency ,Renewables ,Nuclear ,Hydrogen ,Transportation ,Low carbon fuels - Published
- 2011
3. Techno-economic assessment of renewable methanol from biomass gasification and PEM electrolysis for decarbonization of the maritime sector in California
- Author
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de Fournas, Nicolas and Wei, Max
- Subjects
Energy ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Mechanical Engineering ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Carbon-negative ,Biomass ,Renewable methanol ,Hydrogen ,Shipping fuel ,Carbon capture ,Climate Action ,Fuel Technology ,Affordable and Clean Energy ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering - Abstract
At scale, biomass-based fuels are seen as long-term alternatives to conventional shipping fuels to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the maritime sector. While the operational benefits of renewable methanol as a marine fuel are well-known, its cost and environmental performance depend largely on production method and geographic context. In this study, a techno-economic and environmental assessment of renewable methanol produced by gasification of forestry residues is performed. Two biorefinery systems are modeled thermody-namically for the first time, integrating several design changes to extend past work: (1) methanol synthesized by gasification of torrefied biomass while removing and storing underground a fraction of the carbon initially contained in it, and (2) integration of a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolyzer for increased carbon efficiency via hydrogen injection into the methanol synthesis process. The chosen use case is set in California, with forest residue biomass as the feedstock and the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach as the shipping fuel demand point. Methanol produced by both systems achieves substantial lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions savings compared to traditional shipping fuels, ranging from 38 to 165%, from biomass roadside to methanol combustion. Renewable methanol can be carbon-negative if the CO2 captured during the biomass conversion process is sequestered underground with net greenhouse gas emissions along the lifecycle amounting to-57 gCO(2)eq/MJ. While the produced methanol in both pathways is still more expensive than conventional fossil fuels, the introduction of CO(2)eq abatement incentives available in the U.S. and California could bring down minimum fuel selling prices substantially. The produced methanol can be competitive with fossil shipping fuels at credit amounts ranging from $150 to $300/tCO(2)eq, depending on the eligible credits., Energy Conversion and Management, 257, ISSN:0196-8904, ISSN:1879-2227
- Published
- 2022
4. Hydrogen as a long-term, large-scale energy storage solution when coupled with renewable energy sources or grids with dynamic electricity pricing schemes.
- Author
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Mayyas, Ahmad, Wei, Max, and Levis, Gregorio
- Subjects
- *
RENEWABLE energy sources , *ENERGY storage , *ELECTRICITY pricing , *TIME-based pricing , *FUEL cell vehicles , *HYDROGEN as fuel , *NETWORK hubs , *ELECTRIC power distribution grids - Abstract
One of the key challenges that still facing the adoption of renewable energy systems is having a powerful energy storage system (ESS) that can store energy at peak production periods and return it back when the demand exceeds the supply. In this paper, we discuss the costs associated with storing excess energy from power grids in the form of hydrogen using proton exchange membrane (PEM) reversible fuel cells (RFC). The PEM-RFC system is designed to have dual functions: (1) to use electricity from the wholesale electricity market when the wholesale price reaches low competitive values, use it to produce hydrogen and then convert it back to electricity when the prices are competitive, and (2) to produce hydrogen at low costs to be used in other applications such as a fuel for fuel cell electric vehicles. The main goal of the model is to minimize the levelized cost of energy storage (LCOS), thus the LCOS is used as the key measure for evaluating this economic point. LCOS in many regions in United States can reach competitive costs, for example lowest LCOS can reach 16.4¢/kWh in Illinois (MISO trading hub) when the threshold wholesale electricity price is set at $25/MWh, and 19.9¢/kWh in Texas (ERCOT trading hub) at threshold price of $20/MWh. Similarly, the levelized cost of hydrogen production shows that hydrogen can be produced at very competitive costs, for example the levelized cost of hydrogen production can reach $2.54/kg-H 2 when using electricity from MISO hub. This value is close to the target set by the U.S. Department of Energy. Levelized cost of energy storage (LCOS) curves for several regions in the United States. Image 1 • A model to calculate the levelized cost of energy storage for reversible fuel cells. • RFC system as energy storage system can increase the resiliency of the power grids. • RFC can be designed to store electricity and produce hydrogen for other uses. • Roundtrip efficiency and capital cost are key factors that shape the LCOS in RFC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Future costs of fuel cell electric vehicles in California using a learning rate approach.
- Author
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Ruffini, Eleonora and Wei, Max
- Subjects
- *
FUEL cells , *ELECTRIC vehicles , *LIFE cycle costing , *INTERNAL combustion engines , *ZERO emissions vehicles - Abstract
Many countries and regions of the world are pursuing aggressive decarbonization policies in the transportation sector aiming to sharply reduce the sales of conventional gasoline and diesel-powered internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). Zero emission vehicles (ZEVs), such as battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), have zero tailpipe emissions, but still can be considerably more expensive than ICEVs, which is one key factor hampering their wide-scale adoption. Still, many decarbonization roadmaps and plans call for a large ramp up of ZEVs in coming years. For example, the International Energy Agency's aggressive 2DS high H 2 scenario estimates 11 M BEVs and 4 M FCEVs sold in 2030 and California has also set aggressive sales targets under its ZEV Mandate. This paper provides a detailed life cycle cost analysis comparison for FCEV versus other vehicle technologies, assuming these international adoption scenarios are implemented using a learning rate approach. Results show that the fuel cell system is the key factor in making FCEV life cycle costs comparable to ICEV costs. With an 18% learning rate, FCEVs are estimated to be cost competitive with ICEVs by 2025, but with an 8% learning rate, this cost-competitive point is pushed out almost 25 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Quantifying the flexibility of hydrogen production systems to support large-scale renewable energy integration.
- Author
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Wang, Dai, Muratori, Matteo, Eichman, Joshua, Wei, Max, Saxena, Samveg, and Zhang, Cong
- Subjects
- *
HYDROGEN production , *RENEWABLE energy sources , *ALTERNATIVE fuels , *ELECTRIC power production , *ENERGY storage - Abstract
Abstract Hydrogen is a flexible energy carrier that can be produced in various ways and support a variety of applications including industrial processes, energy storage and electricity production, and can serve as an alternative transportation fuel. Hydrogen can be integrated in multiple energy sectors and has the potential to increase overall energy system flexibility, improve energy security, and reduce environmental impact. In this paper, the interactions between fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), hydrogen production facilities, and the electric power grid are explored. The flexibility of hydrogen production systems can create synergistic opportunities to better integrate renewable sources into the electricity system. To quantify this potential, we project the hourly system-wide balancing challenges in California out to 2025 as more renewables are deployed and electricity demand continues to grow. Passenger FCEV adoption and refueling behavior are modeled in detail to spatially and temporally resolve the hydrogen demand. We then quantify the system-wide balancing benefits of controlling hydrogen production from water electrolysis to mitigate renewable intermittency, without compromising the mobility needs of FCEV drivers. Finally, a control algorithm that can achieve different objectives, including peak shaving, valley filling, and ramping mitigation is proposed. Our results show that oversizing electrolyzers can provide considerable benefits to mitigate renewable intermittency, while also supporting the deployment of hydrogen vehicles to help decarbonize the transportation sector. Highlights • Interactions between FCEVs and electric power systems are studied. • FCEV powertrain, adoption and refueling behavior are modeled. • Two controllers are designed to mitigate California “Duck Curve” problems. • Controllable H 2 production systems can facilitate renewable energy deployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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