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Diabetes mellitus is one of the key diseases of clinical concern that can lead to a variety of serious complications and it is characterized by increased blood glucose levels. Glucose‐sensitive hydrogel is gaining attention as a smart hydrogel capable of sensing glucose molecules for diabetes and related complications. In order to better understand this hydrogel, this paper reviews its basic design principles and focuses on the therapeutic efficacy of this hydrogel in delivering insulin, drugs, and bioactives for diabetes and diabetes‐related complications. Its use as a biosensing device for glucose measurement in body fluids and dynamic monitoring of wounds is also presented, and its potential application in the treatment of diabetes and related diseases is highly summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymeric nanocomposite hydrogels (PNHDGs) are water containing cross-linked polymeric hydrogel (HDG) networks combined with nanomaterials forming polymeric HDG nanoarchitectures with multifunctional properties suitable for versatile applications especially in biomedicals, drug delivery systems (DDSs), tissue engineering (TE), and implantable materials because of their inherently high biocompatibility and high water composition, similar to that of the human system. In this paper recent advances in varying biomedical HDG, especially, nanocomposite HDG, conductive HDG, as well as multiple network HDG are presented. When compared with conventional HDG, these advanced HDG nanoarchitectures demonstrate significant enhancement in architecture, mechanical behaviors, and applications while surpassing the factors limiting the efficiency and scope of application of HDG. Therefore, this paper elucidates recently emerging trends in vary approaches of fabricating nanocomposite HDG and applications, especially in biomedicals and pharmaceuticals.

Functionalizations of poly(vinyl alcohol) congruent with the desired applications are discussed inthis article. The chemical modifications of poly(vinyl alcohol) with different molecular weights and hydrolysis degrees via conventional chemistries, namely esterification, carbamation, and etherification, and via the modern ones such as click chemistry, led to finished materials with a wide range of applications and uses: membrane fuel cells, biologicals and biomedicals, adsorption of heavy metals and other contaminants, molecular sensing or chemosensor for detection of some useful molecules or toxic ones, separation of mixtures, and catalysis in organic and inorganic syntheses. Different forms of the duly modified poly(vinyl alcohol)s were used in such applications, including hydrogels, films, membranes, and nanoparticles. The incorporated modifying agents onto poly(vinyl alcohol) matrixes brought some changes that were in tune with the projected applications. These modifying agents were not confined to molecular compounds but also to macromolecular ones which are graphene, hyaluronic acid, β-cylcodextrin, polystyrene, poly(4-vinylpyridine), and poly(L-lactic acid). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]