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Recently, various innovative advancements have been made in carbohydrate research to design versatile materials for biomedical applications. The current research focuses on the development of copolymeric hydrogel wound dressings (HWD) using a combination of aloe vera (AV) - sterculia gum (SG) - poly (vinylsulfonic acid) (VSA)-based with the aim to enhancing their efficacy in drug delivery (DD) applications. These hydrogel dressings were encapsulated with levofloxacin and lidocaine to address both microbial infection and pain. Copolymers were characterized by FESEM, SEM, EDS, AFM, 13 C NMR, FTIR, XRD, and TGA-DTG analysis. Hydrogel exhibited a fluid absorption capacity of 4.52 ± 0.12 g per gram of polymeric dressing in simulated wound conditions. The hydrogels displayed a sustained release of drugs, demonstrating a non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. Polymer dressings revealed antibacterial, mucoadhesive, antioxidant, biocompatible and non-cytotoxic properties. Additionally, HWD displayed permeability to O 2 and water vapour, yet was impermeable to microbial penetration. Overall, the findings of physiological, biochemical and drug delivery properties demonstrated the suitability of materials for wound dressing applications., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: In recent era, pH sensitive polymeric carriers that combines the materials engineering and medicine is gaining researcher's attention as they maximizes drug concentration at site of absorption and reduces side effects for e.g. orally administered cetirizine HCl (CTZ HCl) upsets the stomach and furthermore shows high intestinal absorption. Thus, development of pH sensitive hydrogels with sufficient mechanical strength will be good candidate to address this issue., Methods: Here, we developed pH sensitive itaconic acid-g-poly(acrylamide)/sterculia gum (IA-g-poly(AM)/sterculia gum) semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) by free radical polymerization technique for intestinal delivery of CTZ HCL., Results: Optimized formulation (I5) with 6% w/w IA showed negligible swelling at pH 1.2, and maximum swelling at pH 7.4. Solid state characterization of optimized formulation showed successful development of semi-IPN structure and incorporation of drug without any noticeable drug-carrier interaction. In vitro release study showed biphasic pH dependent release of CTZ HCl, where initial burst release was observed at acidic pH followed by sustained release at basic pH. Acute oral toxicity and histopathological studies confirmed the non-toxic nature of IA-g-poly(AM)/sterculia gum., Conclusion: Conclusively, developed biocompatible semi-IPN hydrogels with sufficient pH sensitivity and mechanical strength could serve as a potential carrier for intestinal delivery of CTZ HCL to maximize its absorption and reduce side effects.

Keeping in view the progressive future prospectus of carbohydrate research, herein, the potential of bioactive polysaccharides aloe vera (AV) and sterculia gum (SG) was explored to develop network hydrogel wound dressings. Both polysaccharides, acemannan of AV gel and glucuronic-galacturonic acid of SG accelerate wound healing process. The antibiotic drug cefuroxime encapsulated dressings were designed by graft-copolymerization with carbopol. The copolymers were characterized by SEM, AFM, FTIR, C13 NMR, XRD, TGA-DTG, DSC and swelling studies. The slow diffusion of cefuroxime drug exhibited non-Fickian mechanism and release of drug was occurred with a first order kinetic model. Polymer-bio membrane interactions indicated mucoadhesion nature. The clot formation was reduced during polymer-blood interactions indicated bio-compatible nature of the dressings moreover dressings were found antioxidant in nature. The porous dressings were O2 permeable and microbial impermeable. The hydrogel dressings revealed antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa. Degree of antimicrobial activity enhanced in case of hydrogel wound dressings loaded with cefuroxime. Overall, the results of these biochemical assays, sustained release of antibiotic drug and inherent wound healing potential of AV-SG indicated the use of hydrogels as dressing materials for better wound healing.

In present scenario, anthropogenic activities have degraded the quality of water bodies to an unbearable level. Discharge of untreated industrial and other effluents have made the water unconsumable. Present work is an attempt to fabricate new stimuli responsive adsorbent based on natural exudate gum sterculia, an indigenous natural gum for uptake of a cationic dye malachite green. Magnetic field responsive terculia gum-graft-poly(n-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamide) nanocomposite have been prepared and assessed it as adsorbents for enrichment of malachite green from aqueous solution. The nanocomposite is characterized by FTIR, TG-DTA, VSM and swelling studies. The VSM results have shown is superparamagnetic behaviour of nanocomposite with saturation magnetization of 1.5065 emu/g. The adsorption follows Temkin isotherm and results indicate maximum adsorption capacity of 19.977 (98.78%) malachite green. The desorption studies demonstrates excellent recovery ability of nanocomposite. The adsorption study confirms the prospective applications of polysaccharide based magnetic hydrogel for the fruitful and greener disposal of cationic dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Keeping in view the therapeutic and pharmaceutical applications of sterculia gum polysaccharide in consideration, its modification has been carried out through grafting and crosslinking to develop the hydrogels for enhanced biomedical applications. Radiation method was used for formation of sterile network of sterculia gum, carbopol and graphene oxide (GO). These polymers were characterized by Cryo-SEMs, AFM, 13 C NMR solid state, swelling studies. Some biomedical properties of hydrogels like thrombogenicity, haemolytic potential, antioxidant activity, mucoadhesion and gel strength were determined along with the drug delivery studies. Scope In the present work, sterile polysaccharide gum based drug delivery system was developed for the slow delivery of gemcitabine, an anti-cancer drug, to overcome its side. Conclusions The release profile of anti-cancer drug “gemcitabine” followed non-Fickian diffusion mechanism and release profile was best fitted in Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model of drug release. The hydrogels were found to be non-thrombogenic, non-haemolytic, mucoadhesive and antioxidant in nature. Incorporation of the GO nano-sheets in the composite hydrogel matrix has improved its mechanical and drug delivery properties and also exerted strong influence on the network density and mesh size of the hydrogels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, graphene oxide (GO) has been well explored for biomedical applications due to its stability, biocompatibility and large surface area. Herein this research, GO incorporated sterculia gum-poly(VSA) hydrogels were designed by encapsulating vancomycin antibiotic drug for use in colon specific drug delivery. The copolymers were characterized by SEMs, AFM, FTIR, XRD, solid state 13C NMR swelling studies. Some biomedical properties of the polymers were also evaluated. The pH responsive GO-sterculia-poly(VSA) hydrogels showed 3.2 ± 0.41 % haemolytic potential, 0.119 ± 0.057 N detachment force of polymer from mucosal membrane during mucoadhesion and 52.49 ± 2.38 % antioxidant activity (DPPH assay). The results indicated that GO containing hydrogels formed after crosslinking of poly(vinyl sulfonic acid) onto sterculia gum can be used for controlled drug delivery applications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In view of the pharmacological importance of sterculia gum and drug delivery devices based on hydrogels, the present study is an attempt to synthesize sterculia gum and poly(AAm) based hydrogels by using N,N′-MBAAm as crosslinker and ammonium persulfate as initiator. The polymeric networks were characterized by SEMs, FTIR and swelling studies. The release dynamics of model anti-ulcer drug (ranitidine hydrochloride) from the hydrogels has been studied for the evaluation of the release mechanism and diffusion coefficients. The values of the diffusion exponent ‘n’ (0.43, 0.44 and 0.62) and gel characteristic constant ‘k’ (8.669×10−2, 8.016×10−2 and 2.964×10−2) have been obtained, respectively, in distilled water, pH 2.2 buffer and pH 7.4 buffer. The release of drug from the hydrogels occurred through Fickian diffusion mechanism in distilled water and in pH 2.2 buffer, and through non-Fickian diffusion mechanism in pH 7.4 buffers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The present study deals with the modification of sterculia gum to develop the novel wounds dressing for the delivery of antimicrobial agent (tetracycline hydrochloride). The sterculia crosslinked PVA (sterculia-cl-PVA) hydrogels were characterized by FTIR and swelling studies. For the evaluation of swelling and drug release mechanism, the swelling kinetics and in vitro release dynamics of model drug from this matrix were studied in solution of different pH and simulated wounds fluid. Per gram of polymer has taken (8.3±0.1) g of simulated wounds fluid and has released (0.820±0.6) mg of drug in the simulated fluid. The value of the ‘n’ (0.84) indicates the non-Fickian diffusion mechanism for the release of drug in simulated fluids. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The present paper deals with the modification of the sterculia gum with methacrylic acid (MAAc) to hydrogels for use in drug delivery. The hydrogels were characterized by SEMs, FTIR and swelling studies. The release dynamics of model anti-ulcer drug (ranitidine hydrochloride) from the hydrogels has been studied for the evaluation of the release mechanism. The values of the diffusion exponent ‘n’ (0.55, 0.54 and 0.59) and gel characteristic constant ‘k’ (2.109×10−2, 3.698×10−2 and 2.427×10−2) have been obtained, respectively, in distilled water, pH 2.2 buffer and pH 7.4 buffer. The release of the drug from the hydrogels occurred through non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In order to modify the sterculia gum polysaccharide, to develop the hydrogels meant for the drug delivery, we have prepared sterculia gum, 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) and acrylic acid (AAc) based hydrogels by radiation-induced crosslinking polymerization. Polymeric networks (hydrogels) thus formed were characterized with SEMs, FTIR,TGA and swelling studies which were carried out as a function monomers concentration, radiation dose, amount of sterculia contents in the polymer matrix and nature of the swelling medium. This paper discusses the swelling kinetics of the hydrogels and release dynamics of anti-diarrhea model drug ornidazole from the hydrogels to evaluation of swelling and drug release mechanism. Diffusion exponent ‘n’ have 0.73, 0.56 and 0.61 values and gel characteristic constant ‘k’ have 1.28×10−2, 2.95×10−2 and 2.14×10−2 values in distilled water, pH 2.2 buffer and pH 7.4 buffer. The release of drug from the polymer matrix occurred through non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. The values for the late time diffusion coefficients have been lower than the values of initial and average diffusion coefficients. It reflects that in the initial stages rate of release of drug from polymer matrix was higher as compared to the late stages, it means after certain time the drug release occurred in controlled manner. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

[Display omitted] • Gamma radiation designed hydrogels were porous, pure and sterile. • Polymer showed higher drug release in ACSF. • The drug release occurred via Fickian diffusion mechanism. • The drug release profile was best fitted in First order kinetic Model. • The polymeric hydrogels were non thrombogenic, non haemolytic and antioxidant nature. As the brain injury causes persistent neurological disorders that lead to the loss of neuron functions. The blood–brain-barrier limits the bioavailability of drugs required in therapeutic level. Hydrogel dressing can provide the localized drug release to the injured brain tissues that can reduce the limitations of the other drug delivery formulations. In the present article, sterculia gum and alginate polysaccharides were explored to form hydrogel dressing by radiation method for use in brain drug delivery. These dressings were characterized by AFM, XRD, FTIR, and 13C NMR. The content of the artificial cerebrospinal fluids absorbed by sterculia-alginate dressing was 19.60 ± 0.35 g. The release of citicoline drug, a nerve regenerative agent, occurred in controlled manner through Fickian mechanism and followed first order kinetic model. The porous dressings were permeable to O 2 and H 2 O and were biocompatible and antioxidant. Since the hydrogel dressings were prepared by radiation method so the resultant material was pure and sterile and could be explored for its application in brain drug delivery during brain injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]