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The most important hydrogen energy storage technologies, developed between 1974 and 2022, now enable the quality operation of global power grids that integrate alternative energy facilities (wind power, solar power, geothermal power, etc.). With the continuous large-scale penetration of converter-interfaced generation (CIG), based on the combined use of renewable energy sources (RES) and hydrogen energy storage systems (ESS), into practical power systems, the dynamic characteristics of the latter change significantly. New challenges with the power system control and stability arise due to the specific CIG properties. A positive-sequence time-domain simulation is frequently used to solve them. However, the known simplifications and limitations are inevitably applied in case of such simulation. These become critical for the CIG with RES and hydrogen ESS models due to their fast dynamics. Therefore, the validation of such simulation results becomes relevant. This paper proposes a novel validation approach based on the use of a benchmark tool Hybrid Real-Time Power System Simulator (HRTSim) instead of field measurements. A major feature of the proposed approach is the possibility of a guaranteed validation of the benchmark tool using any state of the modeled power system. A hybrid implementation of a detailed three-phase model of CIG is also developed for the HRTSim, which provides an adequate simulation of the full range of dynamic processes. The results of validation of a positive-sequence simulation of a practical power system with CIG, which includes both RES and hydrogen ESS, using the developed approach presented in this paper have allowed to identify the causes of calculation errors, as well as factors affecting them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the number of distributed generation (DG) objects in the world is growing mainly due to renewable energy sources (RES). However, the integration of a large volume of DG based on RES into existing electric power systems (EPS) is associated with a number of significant problems. For a comprehensive study and solution of these problems, it is necessary to carry out detailed simulation of real EPS, which is not always feasible with the help of existing tools. Therefore, the article proposes the use of an alternative solution – the Hybrid Real-Time Power System Simulator (HRTSim). To confirm the properties and capabilities of the HRTSim, the simulation results of a test scheme obtained using the HRTSim and the widely used digital hardware-software complex RTDS were compared. The results of a comprehensive comparison in both complexes confirmed the adequacy of information about the processes in equipment and EPS as a whole, obtained by the HRTSim. Thus, it is proved that further use the HRTSim as a tool for detailed and adequate simulation of real EPS with DG will provide complete and reliable information about normal and abnormal quasi-steady-state and transient processes, which is necessary for reliable and efficient design, research and subsequent operation of EPS with DG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]