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The effect of physical activity on hip/knee osteoarthritis (OA) and how it varies by genetic susceptibility to OA remains inconclusive.In a cohort study of UK Biobank, 436,166 OA-free participants were recruited in 2006-2010 and followed for knee/hip OA until the end of 2020. 28 physical activity-related items were collected at baseline. Cox regression was used to estimate associations between physical activity behaviors, as well as major activity patterns (i.e., significant principal components[PCs] identified by principal component analysis), and risk of OA, adjusting for multiple confounders. We further stratified the analyses by polygenic risk score (PRS) for OA to examine the impact of genetic susceptibility to OA on the studied association.During a mean follow-up of 11.15 years, 13,227 hip and 21,119 knee OA cases were identified. 19, out of 28, studied items showed associations with increased OA risk. Compared with low adherence group(1High intensity of most activity patterns were associated with increased OA. However, a protective effect was suggested for moderate adherence to patterns of "strenuous sports" and "walking for pleasure" that consistent across different genetic susceptibilities, underscoring the potential benefits of moderate-intensity physical activity on OA.

We studied the lung-protective effect and mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of ultra-short-wave diathermy (USWD) in a rat model of LPS-induced acute lung injury. Histological examination of the lung tissues was performed and the levels of oxidative stress-related factors and inflammatory cytokines were measured. It was shown that the lung injury score, the lung wet-to-dry weight ratio (W/D), oxidative stress-related factors malondialdehyde and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4), and inflammatory cytokines were increased after LPS administration, while USWD treatment reduced these parameters. In addition, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase 4 were decreased in rats with LPS-induced acute lung injury, while USWD therapy up-regulated the expression of these enzymes. Thus, USWD could antagonize lung injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory response in rats with acute lung injury. USWD can be a promising adjunctive treatment to counter oxidative stress and inflammation and a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of patients with this pathology.

E-waste recycling has been a hot topic around the world. This Feature revisits the issues raised by our previous Feature 10 years ago, i.e., the environmental, economic, and social benefits of e-waste recycling, using China as an example. The decadal journey of e-waste recycling has witnessed a giant leap from haphazard disposal initially to regulated disassembly presently. Specific successful stories include cleaned environment and reduced human exposure, significant advantages of urban mining over mineral mining, additional employment opportunities, and improved legislation system related to e-waste recycling. Strict legislation systems related to e-waste management based on the principle of Extended Producer Responsibility are key to the sustainable development of the e-waste recycling sector in China. The experiences and lessons learned in China would provide valuable guidelines for other developing countries.

A 57-year-old woman was admitted to hospital with fever. She still had fever treated with multiple antibiotics, and no definite evidence for infection was found. Hypothermia and hypotension developed, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination showed enlarged anterior pituitary and multiple small nodular lesions with mild enhancement on the left side. Hormone replacement and anti-infection treatment were administrated, but fever did not improve. Remarkable lymphadenopathy was found in left supraclavicular area. The pathology of lymph node biopsy indicated peripheral T-cell lymphoma (not otherwise specified, NOS). Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) revealed hypermetabolism in multiple lymph nodes, infiltration of the liver and spleen. The final diagnosis were peripheral T-cell lymphoma with involvement of liver and spleen (stage Ⅳ) and anterior hypopituitarism. After chemotherapy, fever alleviated and the function of anterior pituitary recovered gradually.患者女，57岁，因发热查因入院。未查及明确感染依据，抗感染治疗后仍有发热。病程中突然出现低体温、低血压，磁共振成像显示垂体前叶膨隆、左部多发小结节状轻度强化灶。予抗感染及糖皮质激素治疗，仍有发热。查体左锁骨上肿大淋巴结，淋巴结活检病理提示非特殊型外周T细胞淋巴瘤。正电子发射计算机断层显像（PET）-CT示淋巴结代谢活跃，肝、脾浸润。最终诊断：非特殊型外周T细胞淋巴瘤伴肝、脾侵犯（Ⅳ期）；垂体淋巴瘤；垂体前叶功能减退症。化疗后无发热，垂体前叶功能恢复。.

To investigate the long-term effects of botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) nerve block on relaxation of spasticity in cerebral palsy.From June 2015 to December 2018, 52 children, aged 20-56 months, with spastic cerebral palsy were treated with BTX-A. The dose of BTX-A was selected based on the weight of the child and the modified Ashworth scale (MAS). The injection dose ranged from 45 IU to 150 IU (average 68.0±31.6 IIU). The muscle tone and motor functions of all children were evaluated before the block. The spasticity was measured using the MAS, and the motor function was measured using the Physician Rating Scale (PRS) and the gross motor function measure (GMFM). After two years, all children were re-evaluated.No significant difference was observed between the trial and control groups in terms of age, weight, MAS, PRS, and GMFM measurements before the block (p0.05). The PRS and GMFM improved significantly in both groups after two years (p0.05). The PRS and GMFM in the trial group increased more significantly than those in the control group (p0.05).The BTX-A block showed a long-term positive effect. Rehabilitation training after the block could help children to improve their motor functions.

Data on the occurrences of legacy and alternative per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in glioma are scarce. It remains unclear if PFASs exposure is related to the prevalence of glioma. A total of 137 glioma and 40 non-glioma brain tissue samples from patients recruited from the Nanfang Hospital, South China were analyzed for 17 PFAS compounds. Perfluorohexanoic acid, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA), and 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate were frequently detected (60 %) in glioma. The total concentrations (range; median) of 17 PFASs in glioma (0.20-140; 3.1 ng g

Transplacental transfer of environmental chemicals results in direct risks to fetal development. Although numerous studies have investigated transplacental transfer efficiencies (TTEs) of environmental chemicals, the underlying mechanisms and influencing factors remain poorly understood. The present study aims to synthesize a current state of knowledge on the TTEs of major environmental chemicals and explore the roles of chemicals' molecular descriptors and placental transporters in the transplacental transfer. The results indicate great variations in TTEs (median: 0.29-2.86) across 51 chemicals. Chemical-dependent TTEs may partially be attributed to the influences of chemicals' molecular descriptors. Predictive models based on experimental TTEs and 1790 computed molecular descriptors indicate that a very limited number of molecular descriptors, such as the topological polar surface area, may substantially influence and efficiently predict chemicals' TTEs. In addition, molecular docking analyses were conducted to determine the binding affinities between 51 chemicals and six selected transporters, including BCRP, MDR1, hENT1, FRα, SERT, and MRP1. The results reveal transporter- and chemical-dependent binding affinities. Therefore, our study demonstrates that molecular descriptors and placental transporters, among a variety of other factors, can play important roles in the transplacental transfer of environmental chemicals. However, the underlying mechanisms and several important knowledge gaps identified herein require further investigations.

促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）依赖性库欣综合征（Cushing syndrome，CS）首选手术治疗。但当定位不明确或无法耐受手术时，药物治疗是重要的备选方案。本例为88岁高龄ACTH依赖性CS 患者，经米非司酮治疗后该患者CS相关症状及体征改善，降压药物减量，降糖药物停用，血钾稳定。提示对于高龄中重度CS患者，如果手术不成功或不能耐受手术，米非司酮是一种可考虑的治疗选择。.

Retrograde peri-implantitis (RPI), a kind of rare biological complication in implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation, has been reported more frequently in recent years. RPI is defined as the periapical lesion that occurs following implant placement while the coronal part of the implant achieves normal osseointegration. Due to the possibilities of asymptomatic clinical scenarios, RPI can easily be ignored if routine radiographic examination is absent postoperatively, which may postpone treatment and affect long-term outcome. The common cause is infection originating from the periapical lesion of the neighboring teeth, the residual bacteria at the implant site, the contaminated implant apex and etc. Treatment methods rely on the infection source and severity of defect. This article discusses the diagnosis, classification, etiology, and pathology as well as prevention and treatment of RPI in order to provide evidence for clinical decisions in the future.逆行性植体周炎（retrograde peri-implantitis，RPI）是一种较少见的种植修复治疗生物学并发症，近年有发病率逐渐增高的趋势。RPI的特征为种植体植入后尖端出现骨缺损，而冠方骨结合正常。由于RPI不一定有临床症状或指征，若种植修复治疗术后未进行定期影像学检查，较易发生漏诊，继而延误治疗时机且影响远期疗效。RPI常见致病因素包括邻牙根尖周病损、种植位点残留细菌及种植体尖端污染等，治疗方法则根据病变来源和严重程度选择。本文通过回顾文献总结关于RPI的诊断分类、病因病理以及预防治疗，为今后的临床决策提供参考。.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of HSK3486 for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in elective surgical patients, but excluding emergency, cardiothoracic, cerebral and endoscopic sinus cases.A total of 40 eligible patients were randomly assigned to HSK3486 (n = 30) or propofol (n = 10) dosage groups in a ratio of 3:1. Drugs were administered as a bolus injection of 0.4 mg/kg (HSK3486) or 2.0 mg/kg (propofol) for induction, followed by maintenance infusion with the same anesthetic. An additional 6 non-randomized patients received propofol (2.0 mg/kg) for induction and were given HSK3486 for maintenance.The primary efficacy endpoint - the success rate of anesthesia maintenance - was 100% in the 3 arms. The secondary efficacy endpoints included times from discontinuation of HSK3486 or propofol maintenance to full alertness, respiratory recovery, extubation and reaching the goal of the Aldrete score. Also, the proportion of patients who constantly maintained BIS40-60 or those with a period of BIS40-60 during maintenance anesthesia showed no significant difference in the HSK3486 and propofol groups (all p0.05). Patients who received HSK3486 exhibited a higher satisfaction score from anesthesiologists during the induction period (p = 0.024). The occurrence and types of treatment-emergent adverse events were similar among the 3 arms, both with a severity of grade 1 or 2. Drug-related hypotension occurred in 14 (46.7%) and 7 (70.0%) patients treated with HSK3486 and propofol, respectively.HSK3486 exhibited good efficacy for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia and was well tolerated by patients who underwent elective surgery.

We compared the level of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the tear fluid of 20 patients with high myopia who underwent transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (T-PRK) in one eye and laser subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) in the contralateral eye. Tear fluid samples were collected with scaled microcapillary tubes before (day 0) and on days 1, 3, and 5 after surgery. The release of TGF-β1 was determined by multiplying the concentration of TGF-β1 by capillary tear fluid flow. Corneal haze was also evaluated in 1, 3, and 6 months after surgeries. The median TGF-β1 release after T-PRK and LASEK differed significantly on days 1 and 3 (p

IκB kinase α (IKKα) is associated with tumourigenesis, metastasis, and poor prognosis. However, its expression and function in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) remain unknown. The aim of this study was to elucidate the clinicopathological associations and functions of IKKα in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We made an immunohistochemical analysis of IKKα in 94 tissue microarrays of specimens of oral SCC. We also examined IKKα expression in the patients' samples by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), as well as the migration, invasion, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity of the cells under IKKα knockdown treatment. In oral SCC, immunostaining for IKKα was found in 60 of the 94 patients, and it correlated with lymph node status and poor prognosis. Univariate and multivariate analysis using Cox's proportional hazards model identified that IKKα expression was an independent predictor of distant- disease-free survival (p

Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is known to pose potential risk to human health, but the effects of tar level remain to be clarified. In the present study, ETS samples from two cigarette types with different tar levels in a 72.5 m3 room were collected for measurement of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Urine samples of volunteers participating in smoking events were collected and analyzed for eight hydroxyl-PAHs. The concentrations, compositions, and particle size distribution patterns of PAHs from higher-tar and lower-tar cigarettes were similar, while the emission factors of PAHs from higher-tar cigarettes were lower than those from lower-tar cigarettes. Furthermore, the change in the concentrations of PAH metabolites in urine samples before and after smoking was not attributed to tar level. Assuming that a single cigarette was smoked in a 100 m3 room, the estimated average inhalation cancer risks for different age groups from exposure to PAHs in ETS were below 1.0 × 10-6, but potential risks should not be overlooked, especially considering that only inhaled particle-bound PAHs in ETS were included in this assessment. Apparently, reduced tar levels would not necessarily lead to lowered risk of exposure to PAHs. Kicking the habit is perhaps the best choice to minimize any potential health risk.

Baicalin (naturally bioactive flavone compound isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis) has been demonstrated to exert strong anticancer activity against various tumor cells. However, the possibility of using baicalin for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma and its effectiveness remain unstudied. The effect of baicalin on QBC939 cholangiocarcinoma cell culture was studied by assessing cell viability (CCK-8 test) and expression of the key proteins (Western blotting). Baicalin induced apoptosis of QBC939 cells in culture in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The proapoptotic effect was attributed to inhibition of the mTORC1-p70S6K signaling pathway resulting from baicalin-induced AMPK activation. These findings provide a new approach for cholangiocarcinoma treatment and serve as a basis for developing baicalin-based combination cancer therapy strategies.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of DR5-mediated docetaxel-targeted lipid microbubbles (MBs) combined with ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction on apoptosis and expressions of Bcl-2, nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB), caspase-8, and DR5 in human HepG2 cells. METHODS: HepG2 cells were treated with docetaxel at its 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of 5 nmol/L, docetaxel combined with ultrasound, blank MBs, blank MBs combined with ultrasound (0.5 W/cm(2) for 45 s), drugloaded lipid MBs (DLLM), DLLM combined with ultrasound, DR5-mediated DLLM (DR5-DLLM), or DR5-DLLM combined with ultrasound.After the treatments, the cells were further cultured for 24 h, and CCK-8 assay, TUNEL staining and flow cytometry were used to assess cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle changes; the changes in mRNA and protein expression levels of Bcl-2, NF-κB, caspase-8, and DR5 were detected with RT-qPCR and Western blotting. RESULTS: Among all the treatments, DR5-DLLM combined with ultrasound produced the strongest effects to inhibit the proliferation (P < 0.001), promote apoptosis (P < 0.001), and cause G(2)/M cell cycle arrest (P < 0.001) in HepG2 cells.The combined treatment with DR5-DLLM and ultrasound also significantly downregulated Bcl-2 and NF-κB (P < 0.001) and upregulated DR5 and caspase-8 expressions (P < 0.001) at both the mRNA and protein levels. CONCLUSION: DR5-DLLM combined with ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction can induce G(2)/M cell cycle arrest, proliferation inhibition and apoptosis in HepG2 cells by downregulating Bcl-2 and NF-κB and upregulating DR5 and caspase-8 expressions, indicating its value as a novel ultrasoundtargeted therapy for liver cancer.

Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is expressed on tumor cells and macrophages. The detection of PD-L1 expression in cancer and the treatment by targeting the PD-L1/programmed death-1 (PD-1) are of great clinical significance. This work aims to screen the aptamers with high affinity and specificity for recombinant human PD-1 (rhPD-1)/recombinant human PD-L1 extracellular domain (rhPD-L1).In this study, we have expressed, purified, prepared, and identified rhPD-1 and rhPD-L1. The rhPD-L1/rhPD-1 aptamers with high affinity and specificity were obtained by systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment technique. Ten aptamers sequences to rhPD-L1 and 10 aptamers sequences to rhPD-1 were obtained by cloning and sequencing. The affinity and specificity of candidate aptamers were analyzed by gold nanoparticles-based colorimetric assay, dot blot assay, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay.The aptamers named A6 were picked out as the optimal aptamers that recognize PD-1, specifically with the Kd value of 47.84 ± 24.78 nM. The aptamers named B10 were picked out as the optimal aptamers that recognize PD-L1, specifically with the Kd value of 59.72 ± 15.87 nM.The study lays a foundation for the development of detection methods and therapeutic drugs targeting PD-L1/PD-1.

Human brain has a complex structure and is able to perform powerful functions. Blood-brain barrier blocks the entry of foreign substances and maintains the homeostasis of the brain. However, some exogenous substances are still able to pass through the blood-brain barrier, with distribution patterns yet to be clarified. Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), including perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs), a precursor (perfluorooctane sulfonamide that can be degraded to other substances), and emerging PFASs, were analyzed for the first time in living human brain glioma. The target compounds were detected and quantified in 25 out of 26 glioma samples. The concentration range of ∑PFAS was 0.05) in the concentrations of PFASs in the glioma samples. Concentrations of PFASs increased with increasing age, from 0.61 ng g−1 (0–14 years old) to 1.6 ng g−1 (>48 years old), with no significant linear correlation with age. The present study suggested that glioma is an effective indicator for monitoring exogenous contaminants in brain tissues.

A total of 53 feeds from 23 brands for four types of animals, i.e., fish, chicken, duck, and pig, as well as six types of raw materials, were bought from Guangxi, Hubei, Anhui, and Guangdong provinces in China and analyzed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The raw materials including super fish meal, ordinary fish meal, poultry ore, soybean, stone powder, and rapeseed were selected because they were added to all the animal feeds manufactured. The occurrence of PBDEs was ubiquitous in the feeds and raw materials, with BDE-209 as the most abundant congener. The average concentration of ∑8PBDE was 1.1 and 0.44 ng g−1 dry weight in feeds (range 0.25–5.7) and raw materials (range 0.27–0.84), respectively. No statistically significant differences in ∑8PBDE concentrations were observed among the four groups of animal feeds. Feeds from Yangzhiyuan Brand (n = 11) contained statistically (p

The potential adverse effects of microplastics (MPs) on ecosystems and human health have received much attention in recent years. However, only limited data are available on the mechanisms for the uptake, distribution, and effects of MPs in freshwater organisms, especially with respect to tissue repair, regeneration and impairment of stem cell functions. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted exposure experiments in which planarians (Dugesia japonica) were exposed to polystyrene (PS)-MPs mixed in liver homogenate and examined the tissue growth and regeneration, stem cell functions, and oxidative stress. The body and blastema areas decreased upon exposure to PS-MPs, indicating that the growth and regeneration of planarians were delayed. The proliferation and differentiation processes of stem cells were inhibited, and the proportion of mitotic stem cells decreased, which may be related to the activation of the TGFβ/SMAD4 and Notch signaling pathways. The enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activities and malondialdehyde on the first day of exposure to PS-MPs confirmed the oxidative stress response of planarians to PS-MPs. The present study demonstrated the likelihood of biotoxicity induced by PS-MPs. These results will provide clues for further investigations into the potential risks of PS-MPs to human stem cells.

To develop and validate a radiomic-clinical nomogram to evaluate overall survival (OS) postoperatively in patients with serous ovarian cancer.Eighty serous ovarian cancer patients from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) database were used as the training set, and 39 eligible patients treated at Affiliated Huadu Hospital were used as the independent validation set. In total, 1,301 radiomics features were extracted from ovarian cancer lesions on venous-phase computed tomography (CT) images. Then, a radiomics signature was developed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression algorithm in the training set. Moreover, a radiomic-clinical nomogram was constructed incorporating the radiomics signature and clinical predictors based on a multivariable Cox regression analysis. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated.Consisting of three selected features, the radiomics signature showed good discrimination in the training and validation sets with C-indexes of 0.694 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.613-0.775) and 0.709 (95% CI: 0.517-0.901), respectively. The radiomic-clinical nomogram contained the radiomics signature and four clinical predictors, including age, tumour size, pathological staging, and tumour grade. The nomogram showed favourable discrimination in the training set (C-index [95% CI], 0.754 [0.678-0.830]), which was confirmed in the validation set (C-index [95% CI], 0.727 [0.569-0.885]). According to the model, all patients were classified into high-risk and low-risk groups. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that there was a significant distinction between the OS of the high-risk and low-risk patients.The proposed radiomic-clinical nomogram can increase the predictive accuracy of OS in patients with serous ovarian cancer after surgery, which may aid in clinical decision-making.

Dermal sorption is an important route for human exposure to organic chemicals embedded in consumer products, but the related chemical migration from consumer products to sweats was often overlooked in assessing skin exposure risk. To address this issue, the present study selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalic acid esters (PAEs), and benzothiazoles (BTs) as the target compounds and developed an in vitro simulation model with two artificial sweats (i.e., acidic and alkaline), a sorbent, and a PVC standard material. An appropriate biological inhibitor (ampicillin) and incubation time of 20 d for assessing the maximum migration efficiency of chemicals were selected. The mass balance of the target compounds during the in vitro incubation was verified. The established in vitro simulation model was used to determine the migration ratios of PAEs and BTs in three types of mouse pads. The maximum migration ratios of DBP, DIBP, DEHP, and BT from leather pad to both sweats were less than those for silicone and rubber pads. Key controlling parameters in migration ratios should be examined in subsequent investigations. Risk assessment showed that the daily exposure doses of PAEs and BTs in mouse pads were higher than the literature data. The hazard index of PAEs in leather pad exceed 1, indicating that PAEs could induce non-carcinogenic effects to human health through hand contact. Overall, the established in vitro simulation model provides a feasible alternative for assessing the potential risk for dermal exposure to consumer products.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factors that contribute to multiple debridements in patients suffering from deep incisional surgical site infection after spinal surgery and advise medical personnel to pay special attention to these risk factors. METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled 84 patients who got deep incisional surgical site infection after spinal surgery from Jan. 2012 to Dec. 2017. The infections occurred within 30 days after the surgery, and the identification met the criteria of deep incisional surgical site infection of Centers of Disease Control (CDC). Early debridement with first stage closure of the wound and a continuous inflow-outflow irrigation system was used, and reasonable antibiotics were chosen according to the bacterial culture results. During the treatment, the vital signs, clinical manifestations, blood test results, drainage fluid colour and bacterial culture results were acquired. If the infection failed to be controlled or relapsed, a second debridement was performed. Of the 84 cases, 60 undergwent single debridement which included 36 male cases and 24 female cases, and the age ranged from 36 to 77 years, with a mean of 57.2 years. Twenty four had multiple debridements (twice in 14 cases, three times in 6 cases, four times in 1 case, five times in 2 cases, six times in 1 cases) which included 17 male cases and 7 female cases, and the age ranged from 21 to 70 years, with a mean of 49.5 years. Risk factors that predispose patients to multiple debridements were identified using univariate analysis. Risk factors with P values less than 0.05 in univariate analysis were included together in a multivariate Logistic regression model using back-forward method. RESULTS: Multiple debridements were performed in 28.6% of all cases. The hospital stay of multiple debridements group was (82.4±46.3) days compared with (40.4±31.5) days in single debridement group (P=0.018). Instrumentation was removed in 6 cases in multiple debridements group and 4 cases in single debridement group (P=0.049). Flap transplantation was performed in 7 cased in multiple debridements group while none in single debridement group (P < 0.001). Diabetes, primary operation duration longer than 3 hours, primary operation blood loss more than 400 mL, bacteriology examination results, distant site infection were significantly different between the two groups in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, primary operation duration longer than 3 hours (OR=3.60, 95%CI: 1.12-11.62), diabetes (OR=3.74, 95%CI: 1.06-13.22), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infected (OR=16.87, 95%CI: 2.59-109.73) were the most important risk factors related to multiple debridements in the patients with deep incisional surgical site infection after spinal surgery. CONCLUSION: Diabetes, primary operation duration more than 3 hours, MRSA infected are independent risk factors for multiple debridements in patients suffering from deep incisional surgical site infection after spinal surgery. Special caution and prophylaxis interventions are suggested for these factors.

Liquid crystals (LCs) are widely used in the modern society, but their environmental fate and related human health effects remain inadequately recognized. To assist in better understanding the environmental fate of LCs, the octanol–air partition coefficients (KOA) of 21 target LCs were determined with a gas chromatography-retention time (GC-RT) approach. Four classes of traditional organic pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and polychlorinated biphenyls were employed as reference or calibration compounds. Cluster analysis indicated that the reference and calibration compounds somewhat influenced the relative and absolute magnitudes of GC-RT results. A quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) model was constructed from the experimental results and outperformed a widely-used model, KOAWIN, in estimating log KOA of LCs. This model was used to predict log KOAs for 116 LCs with the same element compositions and similar structures as the target LCs. Overall persistence and long-range transport potential were predicted based on the measured and estimated log KOA values, yielding consistent results. Several LCs were shown to have comparable characteristic travel distances and transport efficiencies as the traditional organic pollutants, suggesting they are potential environmental pollutants and the QSPR model is applicable in predicting the environmental fate of LCs.

小儿特发性病态窦房结综合征是在儿童时期起病，表现为窦房结功能障碍的心律失常综合征，通常认为与遗传性因素有关。随着基因测序技术的发展，与特发性病态窦房结综合征相关的基因变异位点陆续被发现，人们对其发病机制的认识已深入到分子水平。本文报道1例智力障碍伴特发性病态窦房结综合征的病例，为GNB5基因移码变异c.136delG。该基因变异临床罕见，丰富了特发性窦房结综合征的基因和临床表型谱，为该病的精准诊断及遗传咨询提供依据。.

《摘星楼治痘全书》被认为是明人治痘理论与经验集大成之作。目前有关该书及其作者朱一麟的著录时有谬误，也缺乏详细介绍。朱一麟字季祥，号应我，主要活动年代为万历至崇祯年间，他因病习医，擅长治痘，举业不第后专于行医，刊有《痘言蘧庐集》《论痘游戏篇》《治痘大成集》，并有医案流传于世。其《治痘大成集》尚存明天启元年刊本、日本抄本与台湾抄本残卷。清乾隆至道光年间，其后人朱法与朱珔又搜集朱一麟著述与医案，编成《摘星楼治痘全书》，于1826年刊刻，即道光耕乐堂藏板。一些工具书和教材将《摘星楼治痘全书》成书时间定为1619年、上海耕乐堂刻本版刻时间著录为清乾隆三十年(1765年)或乾隆七年(1742)序刻本，均误。此外，《摘星楼治痘全书》之《附摘钞种痘心法》是以《幼科种痘心法要旨》为基础，摘抄《痘疹定论》等多部书而成。.

患儿 男，9岁7月龄，因“反复感染3年余，阵发性头痛3个月”就诊，临床表现为EB病毒感染后继发噬血细胞性淋巴组织增生症，反复肺炎，右侧额颞部头痛和头晕，发作性左下肢无力。精细分型提示成熟B细胞水平降低，自然杀伤细胞明显减少，免疫球蛋白水平降低。基因检测提示SH2D1A基因 c.163CT（p.R55X）杂合变异。脑脊液中EB病毒DNA阳性，头颅磁共振成像提示脑白质损伤，头颅磁共振成像血管造影提示左前脑动脉有局部结节。诊断为X连锁淋巴细胞增殖性疾病1型，经干细胞移植该患儿脑血管炎、颅内EB病毒感染症状以及免疫功能明显好转。.

With the continuous development of informatization, big data has been increasingly used in the prevention and control of chronic diseases, which has a significant and considerable influence on public health. This paper briefly introduces the definition, characteristics and classification of big data and healthy big data, focusing on the analysis methods and their applications in tertiary prevention, as well as the challenges in technology, data management, sharing and quality, ethics and privacy, with the aim of providing more research approaches for healthy big data application in chronic disease prevention and control.随着信息化的不断发展，大数据（big data）正在越来越多地被运用于慢性病预防控制领域，对居民健康产生重大且深远的影响。本文简要地介绍了大数据和健康大数据（healthy big data）的定义、特征和分类；重点阐述了健康大数据的分析方法及其在慢性病三级预防中的应用；健康大数据应用所面临的技术难题、数据管理和共享、数据质量、伦理和隐私等诸多方面的挑战。为健康大数据在慢性病预防控制方面提供更多研究思路。.

Osteosarcopenia is defined as the concomitant occurrence of sarcopenia and osteoporosis/osteopenia. This study aimed to clarify whether osteosarcopenia implies a greater risk of fractures, mortality, and falls and to draw attention to osteosarcopenia.Osteosarcopenia, which is characterized by the co-existence of osteoporosis/osteopenia and sarcopenia, is one of the most challenging geriatric syndromes. However, the association between osteosarcopenia and the risk of falls, fractures, disability, and mortality is controversial.We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, from their inception to March 18, 2021, for cohort studies on the relationship between osteosarcopenia and fractures, falls, and mortality. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study quality. A pooled analysis was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using fixed or random-effects models.Eight cohort studies including 19,836 participants showed that osteosarcopenia significantly increased the risk of fracture (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.83-3.30, PThis pooled analysis demonstrated that osteosarcopenia significantly increased the risk of fractures, falls, and mortality, thus highlighting its relevance in daily life. Therefore, we suggest that elderly persons should be aware of the risks associated with osteosarcopenia.