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Exposure to residential greenness might affect population health through increasing physical activity and social engagement, improving mental health, and reducing harmful environmental exposure. However, evidence on the association of greenness with risk of diabetes is still controversial. In this study, we recruited a total of 22,535 participants aged ≥18 years from Yinzhou District, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China to investigate the associations between residential greenness and risk of diabetes incidence. Residential greenness was estimated using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), and Vegetation Continuous Field (VCF). We also calculated cumulative average NDVI, EVI and VCF values, and changes in NDVI, EVI and VCF during the follow-up period. We used Cox proportional hazards models controlling for demographic characteristics, lifestyles, individual socioeconomic status, history of diseases and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM

Walkability has been considered to be associated with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, but the relationship between walkability and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains unclear. Moreover, fine particulate matter (PMWe used prospective data of 29,572 participants from the Yinzhou cohort in Ningbo, China. COPD cases were diagnosed based on the Yinzhou Health Information System (YHIS). Walkability was measured using walk score in relation to the built environment based on geographic information systems (GIS). Air pollution levels were assessed by fitting land use regression (LUR) models. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the relationships of PMOverall, a total of 29,572 participants were included in the final analysis and 722 COPD incident cases were identified during 134,846 person-years of follow-up. Compared with subjects with lower walkability, individuals with higher walkability had a decreased risk of COPD (HR = 0.88, 95 % CI: 0.82-0.95) for every IQR increase. By contrast, exposure to PMLiving in a highly walkable neighborhood could decrease risk of COPD, whereas high levels of PM

Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is a clinically effective therapy in anemia, for example in patients with malignancies (Shander et al., 2020), bleeding (Odutayo et al., 2017), and preoperative anemia (Padmanabhan et al., 2019). The past few decades have witnessed a shortage of blood for transfusion due to limited health insurance coverage for blood use and the rapid expansion of hospitals (Chen et al., 2011; Shi et al., 2014). Blood donation levels may easily be affected by general changes in the environment, policy, major events such as disasters, and public sentiment (Hu et al., 2019). Meanwhile, the transfusion of allogeneic RBC is a double-edged sword, increasing the possibility of infectious and immunological complications, and also leading to higher morbidity and mortality after transfusion (Frank et al., 2012). Considering that the continual shortfall has been increasingly prominent, identifying the factors associated with RBC transfusion could help blood transfusion departments to improve their supply of blood products as well as their inventory management (O'Donnell et al., 2018).

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a global public health threaten. A series of strict prevention and control measures were implemented in China, contributing to the improvement of air quality. In this study, we described the trend of air pollutant concentrations and the incidence of COVID-19 during the epidemic and applied generalized additive models (GAMs) to assess the association between short-term exposure to air pollution and daily confirmed cases of COVID-19 in 235 Chinese cities. Disease progression based on both onset and report dates as well as control measures as potential confounding were considered in the analyses. We found that stringent prevention and control measures intending to mitigate the spread of COVID-19, contributed to a significant decline in the concentrations of air pollutants except ozone (O3). Significant positive associations of short-term exposure to air pollutants, including particulate matter with diameters ≤2.5μm (PM2.5), particulate matter with diameters ≤10μm (PM10), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with daily new confirmed cases were observed during the epidemic. Per interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5 (lag0-15), PM10 (lag0-15), and NO2 (lag0-20) were associated with a 7% [95% confidence interval (CI): (4 - 9)], 6% [95% CI: (3 - 8)], and 19% [95% CI: (13 - 24)] increase in the counts of daily onset cases, respectively. Our results suggest that there is a statistically significant association between ambient air pollution and the spread of COVID-19. Thus, the quarantine measures can not only cut off the transmission of virus, but also retard the spread by improving ambient air quality, which might provide implications for the prevention and control of COVID-19., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • There is a statistically significant association between ambient air pollution and the spread of COVID-19. • The lag days from onset date to report date of COVID-19 were taken into account. • The quarantine measures can not only cut off the transmission of virus, but also retard the spread by improving ambient air quality., Short-term exposure to air pollutants, including PM2.5, PM10, NO2, may contribute to an increase in the counts of daily onset cases. Stringent prevention and control measures can not only cut off the transmission of virus, but also retard the virus spread by reducing air pollution, which might provide implications for the prevention and control of COVID-19.

Growing evidence has linked residential greenness to depression, the results from prospective cohort study are still limited. And it remains unclear whether particulate matter (PM) modify, mediate, or interact the greenness-depression relationship.We collected data from Yinzhou Cohort(N = 47,516) which was recruited between June 2015 and December 2017. Depression cases before April 2020 were ascertained from local Health Information System covered all residents' health care records. Residential greenness (the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI, and the Enhanced Vegetation Index, EVI) and PM (particulate matters with diameters≤2.5 μm, PMDuring the 99,556 person-years of follow-up, 1043 incident depression cases occurred. In single exposure models, residential greenness was inversely associated with depression incidence (e.g. Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.79, 0.94 for per interquartile range (IQR) increase NDVI 250 m). The protective association between greenness was attenuated after introducing PMIn this longitudinal cohort study, residents living in greener neighborhoods had a lower risk of depression incidence and the benefits were interacted and partly mediated by PM. Improvement in residential greenness could be an actionable and planning intervention to prevent depression.

Background Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution was linked to depression incidence, although the results were limited and inconsistent. Objectives To investigate the effects of long-term air pollution exposure on depression risk prospectively in China. Methods The present study used data from Yinzhou Cohort on adults without depression at baseline, and followed up until April 2020. Two-year moving average concentrations of particulate matter with a diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), ≤10 μm (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were measured using land-use regression (LUR) models for each participant. Depression cases were ascertained using the Health Information System (HIS) of the local health administration by linking the unique identifiers. We conducted Cox regression models with time-varying exposures to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of depression with each pollutant, after adjusting for a sequence of individual covariates as demographic characteristics, lifestyles, and comorbidity. Besides, physical activity, baseline potential depressive symptoms, cancer status, COVID-19 pandemic, different outcome definitions and air pollution exposure windows were considered in sensitivity analyses. Results Among the 30,712 adults with a mean age of 62.22 ± 11.25, 1024 incident depression cases were identified over totaling 98,619 person-years of observation. Interquartile range increments of the air pollutants were associated with increased risks of depression, and the corresponding HRs were 1.59 (95%CI: 1.46, 1.72) for PM2.5, 1.49 (95%CI: 1.35, 1.64) for PM10 and 1.58 (95%CI: 1.42, 1.77) for NO2. Subgroup analyses suggested that participants without taking any protective measures towards air pollution were more susceptible. The results remained robust in all sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution was identified as a risk factor for depression onset. Strategies to reduce air pollution are necessary to decrease the disease burden of depression.

Background Though growing evidence has linked air pollution to Parkinson's disease (PD), the results remain inconsistent. Less is known about the relevance of road proximity and surrounding green. We aimed to investigate the individual and joint associations of air pollution, road proximity and surrounding green with the incidence of PD in a prospective cohort study. Methods We used data from a prospective cohort of 47,516 participants recruited from July 2015 to January 2018 in Ningbo, China. Long-term exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) and ≤10 μm (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) estimated by land-use regression models, road proximity and surrounding green assessed by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were calculated based on the residential address for each participant. Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze the individual and joint effects of air pollution, road proximity, and surrounding green on PD. Results In single-exposure models, PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and road proximity was associated with increased risk of PD (e.g. Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.51, 95%CI:1.02, 2.24 per interquartile range (IQR) increase for PM2.5) while surrounding green was associated with decreased risk of PD (e.g. HR = 0.80, 95%CI:0.65, 0.98 per IQR increase for NDVI in 300 m buffer). In two-exposure models, the associations of PM2.5 and surrounding green persisted while the associations of NO2 and road proximity attenuated towards unity. Conclusions We found that PM2.5 were associated with increased risk of incident PD while surrounding green was associated with decreased risk of PD. Future studies about PD etiology may benefit from including multiple environmental exposures to address potential joint associations.

Background The association between Alu methylation and risk of cancer remains uncertain. This meta-analysis was conducted to elucidate this issue. Materials and Methods PubMed and Web of Science up to December 31, 2018, and the reference lists of studies, as well as those presented in relevant meta-analyses and reviews were systematically searched. Standardized mean difference (SMD) in Alu methylation level between cases and controls were pooled using random effects model and assessed heterogeneity between strata by stratified factors using meta-regression model. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias test were also conducted. Results Twenty-five articles, including 2719 cases and 3018 controls were included in the meta-analysis. The significant difference in Alu methylation level between cancer cases and controls was greater in tissue (SMD = −1.89, 95% CI: −2.72, −1.05) than blood (SMD = −0.46, 95% CI: −0.82, −0.09), and heterogeneity was found in materials (P = 0.038). In tissue samples, Alu hypomethylation was found in carcinoma (SMD = −2.50, 95% CI: −3.51, −1.48), while not in non-carcinoma. The inverse associations were consistently found in subgroups stratified by data sources and quality score in tissue samples, and publication year was considered to be the potential source of between-study heterogeneity. Moreover, reduced Alu methylation level was found in the European subgroup, detection method of SIRPH and COBRA, and original data source in blood samples. Conclusions Alu hypomethylation was associated with increased risk of cancer, which could be a potential biomarker for cancer.

Summary Background and objective Indoxyl sulphate (IS) and p-cresyl sulphate (PCS), which are difficult to excrete adequately out of the body, are closely related to the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and various deuteropathy. Better than peritoneal dialysis (PD) and haemodialysis (HD), dietary fibre has been considered to reduce IS and PCS levels. In view of the absence of formal recommendations on fibre intake in CKD nutritional guidelines, we conducted this meta-analysis to assess the effects of dietary fibre on IS and PCS for CKD patients. Methods The effects were pooled and expressed in terms of weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Q test and I2 statistics were used to assess the heterogeneity. Results A total of 12 relevant estimates from 7 reports, including 203 CKD patients, showed that dietary fibre significantly reduced their PCS level (WMD = −16.160, 95% CI: −23.824, −8.495). Conclusions The meta-analysis produced a strong corroboration that dietary fibre intake does have a good therapeutic effect on patients with CKD. The conclusions need to be validated by randomised controlled experiments (RCT) with better design, larger samples, longer course of treatment and higher quality.