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1. Complement genes contribute sex-biased vulnerability in diverse disorders

Author

Arranz, Maria J, Bakker, Steven, Bender, Stephan, Bramon, Elvira, Collier, David A, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Hall, Jeremy, Iyegbe, Conrad, Jablensky, Assen V, Kahn, René S, Kalaydjieva, Luba, Lawrie, Stephen, Lewis, Cathryn M, Lin, Kuang, Linszen, Don H, Mata, Ignacio, McIntosh, Andrew M, Murray, Robin M, Ophoff, Roel A, Van Os, Jim, Powell, John, Rujescu, Dan, Walshe, Muriel, Weisbrod, Matthias, Wiersma, Durk, Donnelly, Peter, Barroso, Ines, Blackwell, Jenefer M, Brown, Matthew A, Casas, Juan P, Corvin, Aiden, Deloukas, Panos, Duncanson, Audrey, Jankowski, Janusz, Markus, Hugh S, Mathew, Christopher G, Palmer, Colin NA, Plomin, Robert, Rautanen, Anna, Sawcer, Stephen J, Trembath, Richard C, Viswanathan, Ananth C, Wood, Nicholas W, Spencer, Chris CA, Band, Gavin, Bellenguez, Céline, Freeman, Colin, Giannoulatou, Eleni, Hellenthal, Garrett, Pearson, Richard, Pirinen, Matti, Strange, Amy, Su, Zhan, Vukcevic, Damjan, Langford, Cordelia, Blackburn, Hannah, Bumpstead, Suzannah J, Dronov, Serge, Edkins, Sarah, Gillman, Matthew, Gray, Emma, Gwilliam, Rhian, Hammond, Naomi, Hunt, Sarah E, Jayakumar, Alagurevathi, Liddle, Jennifer, McCann, Owen T, Potter, Simon C, Ravindrarajah, Radhi, Ricketts, Michelle, Tashakkori-Ghanbaria, Avazeh, Waller, Matthew, Weston, Paul, Whittaker, Pamela, Widaa, Sara, and McCarthy, Mark I

Subjects
Autoimmune Disease, Schizophrenia, Mental Health, Lupus, Genetics, Brain Disorders, Biotechnology, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Inflammatory and immune system, Adult, Alleles, Complement C3, Complement C4, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, HLA Antigens, Haplotypes, Humans, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, Major Histocompatibility Complex, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Characteristics, Sjogren's Syndrome, Young Adult, Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Many common illnesses, for reasons that have not been identified, differentially affect men and women. For instance, the autoimmune diseases systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren's syndrome affect nine times more women than men1, whereas schizophrenia affects men with greater frequency and severity relative to women2. All three illnesses have their strongest common genetic associations in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus, an association that in SLE and Sjögren's syndrome has long been thought to arise from alleles of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes at that locus3-6. Here we show that variation of the complement component 4 (C4) genes C4A and C4B, which are also at the MHC locus and have been linked to increased risk for schizophrenia7, generates 7-fold variation in risk for SLE and 16-fold variation in risk for Sjögren's syndrome among individuals with common C4 genotypes, with C4A protecting more strongly than C4B in both illnesses. The same alleles that increase risk for schizophrenia greatly reduce risk for SLE and Sjögren's syndrome. In all three illnesses, C4 alleles act more strongly in men than in women: common combinations of C4A and C4B generated 14-fold variation in risk for SLE, 31-fold variation in risk for Sjögren's syndrome, and 1.7-fold variation in schizophrenia risk among men (versus 6-fold, 15-fold and 1.26-fold variation in risk among women, respectively). At a protein level, both C4 and its effector C3 were present at higher levels in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma8,9 in men than in women among adults aged between 20 and 50 years, corresponding to the ages of differential disease vulnerability. Sex differences in complement protein levels may help to explain the more potent effects of C4 alleles in men, women's greater risk of SLE and Sjögren's syndrome and men's greater vulnerability to schizophrenia. These results implicate the complement system as a source of sexual dimorphism in vulnerability to diverse illnesses.

Published
2020

2. Population‐based identity‐by‐descent mapping combined with exome sequencing to detect rare risk variants for schizophrenia

Author

Harold, Denise, Connolly, Siobhan, Riley, Brien P, Kendler, Kenneth S, McCarthy, Shane E, McCombie, William R, Richards, Alex, Owen, Michael J, O'Donovan, Michael C, Walters, James, Donnelly, Peter, Bates, Lesley, Barroso, Ines, Blackwell, Jenefer M, Bramon, Elvira, Brown, Matthew A, Casas, Juan P, Corvin, Aiden, Deloukas, Panos, Duncanson, Audrey, Jankowski, Janusz, Markus, Hugh S, Mathew, Christopher G, Palmer, Colin NA, Plomin, Robert, Rautanen, Anna, Sawcer, Stephen J, Trembath, Richard C, Viswanathan, Ananth C, Wood, Nicholas W, Spencer, Chris CA, Band, Gavin, Bellenguez, Céline, Freeman, Colin, Hellenthal, Garrett, Giannoulatou, Eleni, Hopkins, Lucinda, Pirinen, Matti, Pearson, Richard, Strange, Amy, Su, Zhan, Vukcevic, Damjan, Langford, Cordelia, Hunt, Sarah E, Edkins, Sarah, Gwilliam, Rhian, Blackburn, Hannah, Bumpstead, Suzannah J, Dronov, Serge, Gillman, Matthew, Gray, Emma, Hammond, Naomi, Jayakumar, Alagurevathi, McCann, Owen T, Liddle, Jennifer, Potter, Simon C, Ravindrarajah, Radhi, Ricketts, Michelle, Waller, Matthew, Weston, Paul, Widaa, Sara, Whittaker, Pamela, Ripke, Stephan, Neale, Benjamin M, Walters, James TR, Farh, Kai‐How, Holmans, Peter A, Lee, Phil, Bulik‐Sullivan, Brendan, Collier, David A, Huang, Hailiang, Pers, Tune H, Agartz, Ingrid, Agerbo, Esben, Albus, Margot, Alexander, Madeline, Amin, Farooq, Bacanu, Silviu A, Begemann, Martin, Belliveau, Richard A, Bene, Judit, Bergen, Sarah E, Bevilacqua, Elizabeth, Bigdeli, Tim B, Black, Donald W, Bruggeman, Richard, Buccola, Nancy G, Buckner, Randy L, Byerley, William, Cahn, Wiepke, Cai, Guiqing, Campion, Dominique, Cantor, Rita M, Carr, Vaughan J, Carrera, Noa, Catts, Stanley V, Chambert, Kimberley D, Chan, Raymond CK, and Chan, Ronald YL

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Genetics, Clinical Research, Schizophrenia, Brain Disorders, Human Genome, Prevention, Serious Mental Illness, Mental Health, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Adult, Case-Control Studies, Chromosome Mapping, DNA Copy Number Variations, Databases, Genetic, Exome, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genotype, Haplotypes, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Exome Sequencing, GWAS, IBD mapping, rare variants, Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2, Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Clinical sciences
Abstract

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) are highly effective at identifying common risk variants for schizophrenia. Rare risk variants are also important contributors to schizophrenia etiology but, with the exception of large copy number variants, are difficult to detect with GWAS. Exome and genome sequencing, which have accelerated the study of rare variants, are expensive so alternative methods are needed to aid detection of rare variants. Here we re-analyze an Irish schizophrenia GWAS dataset (n = 3,473) by performing identity-by-descent (IBD) mapping followed by exome sequencing of individuals identified as sharing risk haplotypes to search for rare risk variants in coding regions. We identified 45 rare haplotypes (>1 cM) that were significantly more common in cases than controls. By exome sequencing 105 haplotype carriers, we investigated these haplotypes for functional coding variants that could be tested for association in independent GWAS samples. We identified one rare missense variant in PCNT but did not find statistical support for an association with schizophrenia in a replication analysis. However, IBD mapping can prioritize both individual samples and genomic regions for follow-up analysis but genome rather than exome sequencing may be more effective at detecting risk variants on rare haplotypes.

Published
2019

3. Genome-wide association analysis identifies 13 new risk loci for schizophrenia

Author

Donnelly, Peter, Barroso, Ines, Blackwell, Jenefer M, Bramon, Elvira, Brown, Matthew A, Casas, Juan P, Corvin, Aiden P, Deloukas, Panos, Duncanson, Audrey, Jankowski, Janusz, Markus, Hugh S, Mathew, Christopher G, Palmer, Colin NA, Plomin, Robert, Rautanen, Anna, Sawcer, Stephen J, Trembath, Richard C, Viswanathan, Ananth C, Wood, Nicholas W, Spencer, Chris CA, Band, Gavin, Bellenguez, Céline, Freeman, Colin, Hellenthal, Garrett, Giannoulatou, Eleni, Pirinen, Matti, Pearson, Richard D, Strange, Amy, Su, Zhan, Vukcevic, Damjan, Langford, Cordelia, Hunt, Sarah E, Edkins, Sarah, Gwilliam, Rhian, Blackburn, Hannah, Bumpstead, Suzannah J, Dronov, Serge, Gillman, Matthew, Gray, Emma, Hammond, Naomi, Jayakumar, Alagurevathi, McCann, Owen T, Liddle, Jennifer, Potter, Simon C, Ravindrarajah, Radhi, Ricketts, Michelle, Tashakkori-Ghanbaria, Avazeh, Waller, Matthew J, Weston, Paul, Widaa, Sara, Whittaker, Pamela, and McCarthy, Mark I

Subjects
Mental health, Case-Control Studies, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Male, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Schizophrenia, Sweden, Multicenter Genetic Studies of Schizophrenia Consortium, Psychosis Endophenotypes International Consortium, Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Schizophrenia is an idiopathic mental disorder with a heritable component and a substantial public health impact. We conducted a multi-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) for schizophrenia beginning with a Swedish national sample (5,001 cases and 6,243 controls) followed by meta-analysis with previous schizophrenia GWAS (8,832 cases and 12,067 controls) and finally by replication of SNPs in 168 genomic regions in independent samples (7,413 cases, 19,762 controls and 581 parent-offspring trios). We identified 22 loci associated at genome-wide significance; 13 of these are new, and 1 was previously implicated in bipolar disorder. Examination of candidate genes at these loci suggests the involvement of neuronal calcium signaling. We estimate that 8,300 independent, mostly common SNPs (95% credible interval of 6,300-10,200 SNPs) contribute to risk for schizophrenia and that these collectively account for at least 32% of the variance in liability. Common genetic variation has an important role in the etiology of schizophrenia, and larger studies will allow more detailed understanding of this disorder.

Published
2013

4. Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis.

Author

International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium, Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2, Sawcer, Stephen, Hellenthal, Garrett, Pirinen, Matti, Spencer, Chris CA, Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A, Moutsianas, Loukas, Dilthey, Alexander, Su, Zhan, Freeman, Colin, Hunt, Sarah E, Edkins, Sarah, Gray, Emma, Booth, David R, Potter, Simon C, Goris, An, Band, Gavin, Oturai, Annette Bang, Strange, Amy, Saarela, Janna, Bellenguez, Céline, Fontaine, Bertrand, Gillman, Matthew, Hemmer, Bernhard, Gwilliam, Rhian, Zipp, Frauke, Jayakumar, Alagurevathi, Martin, Roland, Leslie, Stephen, Hawkins, Stanley, Giannoulatou, Eleni, D'alfonso, Sandra, Blackburn, Hannah, Martinelli Boneschi, Filippo, Liddle, Jennifer, Harbo, Hanne F, Perez, Marc L, Spurkland, Anne, Waller, Matthew J, Mycko, Marcin P, Ricketts, Michelle, Comabella, Manuel, Hammond, Naomi, Kockum, Ingrid, McCann, Owen T, Ban, Maria, Whittaker, Pamela, Kemppinen, Anu, Weston, Paul, Hawkins, Clive, Widaa, Sara, Zajicek, John, Dronov, Serge, Robertson, Neil, Bumpstead, Suzannah J, Barcellos, Lisa F, Ravindrarajah, Rathi, Abraham, Roby, Alfredsson, Lars, Ardlie, Kristin, Aubin, Cristin, Baker, Amie, Baker, Katharine, Baranzini, Sergio E, Bergamaschi, Laura, Bergamaschi, Roberto, Bernstein, Allan, Berthele, Achim, Boggild, Mike, Bradfield, Jonathan P, Brassat, David, Broadley, Simon A, Buck, Dorothea, Butzkueven, Helmut, Capra, Ruggero, Carroll, William M, Cavalla, Paola, Celius, Elisabeth G, Cepok, Sabine, Chiavacci, Rosetta, Clerget-Darpoux, Françoise, Clysters, Katleen, Comi, Giancarlo, Cossburn, Mark, Cournu-Rebeix, Isabelle, Cox, Mathew B, Cozen, Wendy, Cree, Bruce AC, Cross, Anne H, Cusi, Daniele, Daly, Mark J, Davis, Emma, de Bakker, Paul IW, Debouverie, Marc, D'hooghe, Marie Beatrice, Dixon, Katherine, Dobosi, Rita, Dubois, Bénédicte, and Ellinghaus, David

Subjects
International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium, Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer, Humans, Multiple Sclerosis, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, HLA-A Antigens, HLA-DR Antigens, Sample Size, Cell Differentiation, Immunity, Cellular, Major Histocompatibility Complex, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Alleles, Genome, Human, Europe, Genome-Wide Association Study, HLA-DRB1 Chains, Genetics, Neurosciences, Neurodegenerative, Clinical Research, Brain Disorders, Autoimmune Disease, Human Genome, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Neurological, Inflammatory and immune system, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Multiple sclerosis is a common disease of the central nervous system in which the interplay between inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes typically results in intermittent neurological disturbance followed by progressive accumulation of disability. Epidemiological studies have shown that genetic factors are primarily responsible for the substantially increased frequency of the disease seen in the relatives of affected individuals, and systematic attempts to identify linkage in multiplex families have confirmed that variation within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) exerts the greatest individual effect on risk. Modestly powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled more than 20 additional risk loci to be identified and have shown that multiple variants exerting modest individual effects have a key role in disease susceptibility. Most of the genetic architecture underlying susceptibility to the disease remains to be defined and is anticipated to require the analysis of sample sizes that are beyond the numbers currently available to individual research groups. In a collaborative GWAS involving 9,772 cases of European descent collected by 23 research groups working in 15 different countries, we have replicated almost all of the previously suggested associations and identified at least a further 29 novel susceptibility loci. Within the MHC we have refined the identity of the HLA-DRB1 risk alleles and confirmed that variation in the HLA-A gene underlies the independent protective effect attributable to the class I region. Immunologically relevant genes are significantly overrepresented among those mapping close to the identified loci and particularly implicate T-helper-cell differentiation in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.

Published
2011

5. Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis

Author

Sawcer, Stephen, Hellenthal, Garrett, Pirinen, Matti, Spencer, Chris CA, Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A, Moutsianas, Loukas, Dilthey, Alexander, Su, Zhan, Freeman, Colin, Hunt, Sarah E, Edkins, Sarah, Gray, Emma, Booth, David R, Potter, Simon C, Goris, An, Band, Gavin, Oturai, Annette Bang, Strange, Amy, Saarela, Janna, Bellenguez, Celine, Fontaine, Bertrand, Gillman, Matthew, Hemmer, Bernhard, Gwilliam, Rhian, Zipp, Frauke, Jayakumar, Alagurevathi, Martin, Roland, Leslie, Stephen, Hawkins, Stanley, Giannoulatou, Eleni, D'alfonso, Sandra, Blackburn, Hannah, Boneschi, Filippo Martinelli, Liddle, Jennifer, Harbo, Hanne F, Perez, Marc L, Spurkland, Anne, Waller, Matthew J, Mycko, Marcin P, Ricketts, Michelle, Comabella, Manuel, Hammond, Naomi, Kockum, Ingrid, McCann, Owen T, Ban, Maria, Whittaker, Pamela, Kemppinen, Anu, Weston, Paul, Hawkins, Clive, Widaa, Sara, Zajicek, John, Dronov, Serge, Robertson, Neil, Bumpstead, Suzannah J, Barcellos, Lisa F, Ravindrarajah, Rathi, Abraham, Roby, Alfredsson, Lars, Ardlie, Kristin, Aubin, Cristin, Baker, Amie, Baker, Katharine, Baranzini, Sergio E, Bergamaschi, Laura, Bergamaschi, Roberto, Bernstein, Allan, Berthele, Achim, Boggild, Mike, Bradfield, Jonathan P, Brassat, David, Broadley, Simon A, Buck, Dorothea, Butzkueven, Helmut, Capra, Ruggero, Carroll, William M, Cavalla, Paola, Celius, Elisabeth G, Cepok, Sabine, Chiavacci, Rosetta, Clerget-Darpoux, Francoise, Clysters, Katleen, Comi, Giancarlo, Cossburn, Mark, Cournu-Rebeix, Isabelle, Cox, Mathew B, Cozen, Wendy, Cree, Bruce AC, Cross, Anne H, Cusi, Daniele, Daly, Mark J, Davis, Emma, de Bakker, Paul IW, Debouverie, Marc, D'hooghe, Marie Beatrice, Dixon, Katherine, Dobosi, Rita, Dubois, Benedicte, Ellinghaus, David, Elovaara, Irina, and Esposito, Federica

Subjects
Neurosciences, Prevention, Multiple Sclerosis, Biotechnology, Autoimmune Disease, Genetics, Brain Disorders, Human Genome, Neurodegenerative, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Neurological, Inflammatory and immune system, Alleles, Cell Differentiation, Europe, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome, Human, Genome-Wide Association Study, HLA-A Antigens, HLA-DR Antigens, HLA-DRB1 Chains, Humans, Immunity, Cellular, Major Histocompatibility Complex, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Sample Size, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer, International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium, Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Multiple sclerosis is a common disease of the central nervous system in which the interplay between inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes typically results in intermittent neurological disturbance followed by progressive accumulation of disability. Epidemiological studies have shown that genetic factors are primarily responsible for the substantially increased frequency of the disease seen in the relatives of affected individuals, and systematic attempts to identify linkage in multiplex families have confirmed that variation within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) exerts the greatest individual effect on risk. Modestly powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled more than 20 additional risk loci to be identified and have shown that multiple variants exerting modest individual effects have a key role in disease susceptibility. Most of the genetic architecture underlying susceptibility to the disease remains to be defined and is anticipated to require the analysis of sample sizes that are beyond the numbers currently available to individual research groups. In a collaborative GWAS involving 9,772 cases of European descent collected by 23 research groups working in 15 different countries, we have replicated almost all of the previously suggested associations and identified at least a further 29 novel susceptibility loci. Within the MHC we have refined the identity of the HLA-DRB1 risk alleles and confirmed that variation in the HLA-A gene underlies the independent protective effect attributable to the class I region. Immunologically relevant genes are significantly overrepresented among those mapping close to the identified loci and particularly implicate T-helper-cell differentiation in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.

Published
2011

6. A polygenic resilience score moderates the genetic risk for schizophrenia

Author

Hess, Jonathan L, Tylee, Daniel S, Mors, Ole, Duan, Jubao, Dudbridge, Frank, Duncanson, Audrey, Durmishi, Naser, Edkins, Sarah, Ehrenreich, Hannelore, Eichhammer, Peter, Eriksson, Johan, Escott-Price, Valentina, Esko, Tõnu, Nordentoft, Merete, Essioux, Laurent, Fanous, Ayman H, Farh, Kai-How, Farrell, Martilias S, Frank, Josef, Franke, Lude, Freedman, Robert, Freeman, Colin, Freimer, Nelson B, Friedl, Marion, Hougaard, David M, Friedman, Joseph I, Fromer, Menachem, Gejman, Pablo V, Genovese, Giulio, Georgieva, Lyudmila, Giannoulatou, Eleni, Giegling, Ina, Gill, Michael, Gillman, Matthew, Giusti-Rodríguez, Paola, Byberg-Grauholm, Jonas, Godard, Stephanie, Goldstein, Jacqueline I, Golimbet, Vera, Gopal, Srihari, Gratten, Jacob, Gray, Emma, Gurling, Hugh, Gwilliam, Rhian, de Haan, Lieuwe, Hall, Jeremy, Bækvad-Hansen, Marie, Hammer, Christian, Hammond, Naomi, Hamshere, Marian L, Hansen, Mark, Hansen, Thomas, Haroutunian, Vahram, Hartmann, Annette M, Hellenthal, Garrett, Henskens, Frans A, Herms, Stefan, Greenwood, Tiffany A, Hirschhorn, Joel N, Hoffmann, Per, Hofman, Andrea, Hollegaard, Mads V, Huang, Hailiang, Hultman, Christina M, Hunt, Sarah E, Ikeda, Masashi, Iwata, Nakao, Iyegbe, Conrad, Tsuang, Ming T, Jablensky, Assen V, Jankowski, Janusz, Jayakumar, Alagurevathi, Joa, Inge, Jönsson, Erik G, Julià, Antonio, Kähler, Anna K, Kahn, René S, Kalaydjieva, Luba, Karachanak-Yankova, Sena, Curtis, David, Karjalainen, Juha, Kavanagh, David, Keller, Matthew C, Kendler, Kenneth S, Kennedy, James L, Khrunin, Andrey, Kim, Yunjung, Kirov, George, Klovins, Janis, Knight, Jo, Steinberg, Stacy, Knowles, James A, Konte, Bettina, Kucinskas, Vaidutis, Kucinskiene, Zita Ausrele, Kuzelova-Ptackova, Hana, Langford, Cordelia, Laurent, Claudine, Lawrie, Stephen, Lee, S Hong, Lee, Phil, Sigurdsson, Engilbert, Lee, Jimmy, Legge, Sophie E, Lencz, Todd, Lerer, Bernard, Levinson, Douglas F, Lewis, Cathryn M, Li, Tao, Li, Qingqin S, Li, Miaoxin, Liang, Kung-Yee, Mattheisen, Manuel, Stefánsson, Hreinn, Liddle, Jennifer, Lieberman, Jeffrey, Limborska, Svetlana, Lin, Kuang, Linszen, Don H, Liu, Jianjun, Lönnqvist, Jouko, Loughland, Carmel M, Lubinski, Jan, Macek, Milan, Stefánsson, Kári, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Maher, Brion S, Maier, Wolfgang, Malhotra, Anil K, Mallet, Jacques, Markus, Hugh S, Marsal, Sara, Mata, Ignacio, Mathew, Christopher G, Mattingsdal, Morten, Edenberg, Howard J, McCann, Owen T, McCarley, Robert W, McCarroll, Steven A, McCarthy, Mark I, McDonald, Colm, McIntosh, Andrew M, McQuillin, Andrew, Meier, Sandra, Meijer, Carin J, Melegh, Bela, Holmans, Peter, Melle, Ingrid, Mesholam-Gately, Raquelle I, Metspalu, Andres, Michie, Patricia T, Milani, Lili, Milanova, Vihra, Mokrab, Younes, Moran, Jennifer L, Morris, Derek W, Mowry, Bryan J, Faraone, Stephen V, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Murphy, Kieran C, Murray, Robin M, Myin-Germeys, Inez, Neale, Benjamin M, Nelis, Mari, Nenadic, Igor, Nertney, Deborah A, Nestadt, Gerald, Nicodemus, Kristin K, Glatt, Stephen J, Nikitina-Zake, Liene, Nisenbaum, Laura, Nordin, Annelie, Nöthen, Markus M, O'Callaghan, Eadbhard, O'Donovan, Michael C, O'Dushlaine, Colm, O'Neill, F Anthony, Oh, Sang-Yun, Olincy, Ann, Adolfsson, Rolf, Olsen, Line, Ophoff, Roel A, Van Os, Jim, Owen, Michael J, Palmer, Colin N A, Palotie, Aarno, Pantelis, Christos, Papadimitriou, George N, Papiol, Sergi, Parkhomenko, Elena, Agartz, Ingrid, Pato, Michele T, Pato, Carlos N, Paunio, Tiina, Pearson, Richard, Cairns, Murray J, DeLisi, Lynn E, Gershon, Elliot S, Kelly, Brian J, Lam, Max, Norgren, Nina, Agerbo, Esben, Paciga, Sara A, Tooney, Paul A, Wu, Jing Qin, Pejovic-Milovancevic, Milica, Perkins, Diana O, Pers, Tune H, Petryshen, Tracey L, Pietiläinen, Olli, Pimm, Jonathan, Pirinen, Matti, Albus, Margot, Plomin, Robert, Pocklington, Andrew J, Posthuma, Danielle, Potter, Simon C, Powell, John, Price, Alkes, Pulver, Ann E, Purcell, Shaun M, Quested, Digby, Rasmussen, Henrik B, Consortium, Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics, Alexander, Madeline, Rautanen, Anna, Ravindrarajah, Radhi, Reichenberg, Abraham, Reimers, Mark A, Richards, Alexander L, Ricketts, Michelle, Rietschel, Marcella, Riley, Brien P, Ripke, Stephan, Roffman, Joshua L, Amin, Farooq, Roussos, Panos, Ruderfer, Douglas M, Rujescu, Dan, Salomaa, Veikko, Sanders, Alan R, Sawcer, Stephen J, Schall, Ulrich, Schubert, Christian R, Schulze, Thomas G, Schwab, Sibylle G, Andreassen, Ole A, Scolnick, Edward M, Scott, Rodney J, Seidman, Larry J, Sham, Pak C, Shi, Jianxin, Silagadze, Teimuraz, Silverman, Jeremy M, Sim, Kang, Sklar, Pamela, Arranz, Maria J, Slominsky, Petr, Smoller, Jordan W, So, Hon-Cheong, Söderman, Erik, Spencer, Chris C A, Clair, David St, Stahl, Eli A, Stogmann, Elisabeth, Strange, Amy, Straub, Richard E, Bacanu, Silviu A, Strengman, Eric, Strohmaier, Jana, Stroup, T Scott, Su, Zhan, Subramaniam, Mythily, Sullivan, Patrick F, Suvisaari, Jaana, Svrakic, Dragan M, Szatkiewicz, Jin P, Tashakkori-Ghanbaria, Avazeh, Bakker, Steven, Thirumalai, Srinivas, Toncheva, Draga, Tosato, Sarah, Trembath, Richard C, Veijola, Juha, Visscher, Peter M, Viswanathan, Ananth C, Vukcevic, Damjan, Waddington, John, Waller, Matthew, Band, Gavin, Walsh, Dermot, Walshe, Muriel, Walters, James T R, Wang, Qiang, Wang, Dai, Webb, Bradley T, Weinberger, Daniel R, Weisbrod, Matthias, Weiser, Mark, Wendland, Jens R, Barroso, Ines, Weston, Paul, Whittaker, Pamela, Widaa, Sara, Wiersma, Durk, Wildenauer, Dieter B, Williams, Stephanie, Williams, Nigel M, Witt, Stephanie H, Wolen, Aaron R, Wong, Emily H M, Begemann, Martin, Wood, Nicholas W, Wormley, Brandon K, Wray, Naomi R, Xi, Hualin Simon, Zai, Clement C, Zheng, Xuebin, Zimprich, Fritz, Bellenguez, Céline, Research, Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric, Belliveau, Richard A, Bender, Stephan, Bene, Judit, Bergen, Sarah E, Bevilacqua, Elizabeth, Bigdeli, Tim B, Black, Donald W, Blackburn, Hannah, Blackwell, Jenefer M, Blackwood, Douglas H R, Børglum, Anders D, Bramon, Elvira, Brown, Matthew A, Bruggeman, Richard, Buccola, Nancy G, Buckner, Randy L, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, Bumpstead, Suzannah J, Buxbaum, Joseph D, Byerley, William, Cahn, Wiepke, Als, Thomas D, Cai, Guiqing, Campion, Dominique, Cantor, Rita M, Carr, Vaughan J, Carrera, Noa, Casas, Juan P, Catts, Stanley V, Chambert, Kimberley D, Chan, Ronald Y L, Chan, Raymond C K, Grove, Jakob, Chen, Eric Y H, Cheng, Wei, Cheung, Eric F C, Chong, Siow Ann, Cichon, Sven, Cloninger, C Robert, Cohen, David, Cohen, Nadine, Collier, David A, Cormican, Paul, Werge, Thomas, Corvin, Aiden, Craddock, Nick, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crowley, James J, Daly, Mark J, Darvasi, Ariel, Davidson, Michael, Davis, Kenneth L, Degenhardt, Franziska, Del Favero, Jurgen, Mortensen, Preben Bo, Deloukas, Panos, Demontis, Ditte, Dikeos, Dimitris, Dinan, Timothy, Djurovic, Srdjan, Domenici, Enrico, Donnelly, Peter, Donohoe, Gary, Drapeau, Elodie, Dronov, Serge, Læknadeild (HÍ), Faculty of Medicine (UI), Heilbrigðisvísindasvið (HÍ), School of Health Sciences (UI), Háskóli Íslands, University of Iceland, Adult Psychiatry, ANS - Complex Trait Genetics, ANS - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, APH - Mental Health, Hess, Jonathan L, Tylee, Daniel S, Mattheisen, Manuel, Borglum, Anders D, Glatt, Stephen J, Lee, Sand Hong, Schizophrenia Working Group of thePsychiatric Genomics Consortium, Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Complex Trait Genetics, and Myin-Germeys, Inez

Subjects
Multifactorial Inheritance, Schizophrenia/genetics, Genome-wide association study, Disease, Medical and Health Sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, schizophrenia, genetics, risk, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, genetics, polygenic score, Aetiology, genome wide association study, risk, Genetics, Psychiatry, 0303 health sciences, Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics, Single Nucleotide, Genomics, Biological Sciences, Serious Mental Illness, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics, Penetrance, 3. Good health, Psychiatry and Mental health, Mental Health, Mendelian disease, Erfðarannsóknir, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Single Nucleotide/genetics, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), high risk, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Geðklofi, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, ddc:610, Allele, Polymorphism, Resilience (network), Molecular Biology, resilience, Multifactorial Inheritance/genetics, Alleles, 030304 developmental biology, Science & Technology, Prevention, Human Genome, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Neurosciences, Brain Disorders, Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, schizophrenia, Good Health and Well Being, Schizophrenia, Neurosciences & Neurology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Publisher's version (útgefin grein), Based on the discovery by the Resilience Project (Chen R. et al. Nat Biotechnol 34:531–538, 2016) of rare variants that confer resistance to Mendelian disease, and protective alleles for some complex diseases, we posited the existence of genetic variants that promote resilience to highly heritable polygenic disorders1,0 such as schizophrenia. Resilience has been traditionally viewed as a psychological construct, although our use of the term resilience refers to a different construct that directly relates to the Resilience Project, namely: heritable variation that promotes resistance to disease by reducing the penetrance of risk loci, wherein resilience and risk loci operate orthogonal to one another. In this study, we established a procedure to identify unaffected individuals with relatively high polygenic risk for schizophrenia, and contrasted them with risk-matched schizophrenia cases to generate the first known “polygenic resilience score” that represents the additive contributions to SZ resistance by variants that are distinct from risk loci. The resilience score was derived from data compiled by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, and replicated in three independent samples. This work establishes a generalizable framework for finding resilience variants for any complex, heritable disorder., SJG is supported by grants from the U.S. National Institutes of Health (5R01MH101519, 5R01AG054002), the Sidney R. Baer, Jr. Foundation, and NARSAD: The Brain & Behavior Research Foundation. SVF is supported by the K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement number 602805, the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement number 667302 and NIMH grants 5R01MH101519 and U01 MH109536-01. HJE is supported by grants from the U.S. National Institutes of Health (U10 AA008401; U01 MH109532). Statistical analyses were conducted on the Genetic Cluster Computer, which is financially supported by the Netherlands Scientific Organization (NOW; 480-05-003) along with a supplement from the Dutch Brain Foundation and VU University. The Danish iPSYCH (The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research) and GEMS2 teams acknowledge funding from The Lundbeck Foundation (grant no R102-A9118 and R155-2014-1724), the Stanley Medical Research Institute, an Advanced Grant from the European Research Council (project no: 294838), the Danish Strategic Research Council and grants from Aarhus University to the iSEQ and CIRRAU centers. The Danish National Biobank resource at Statens Serum Institut was supported by the Novo Nordisk Foundation. Computational resources for handling and statistical analysis of iPSYCH data on the GenomeDK HPC facility were provided by the iSEQ center, Aarhus University, Denmark (grant to ADB).

Published
2021

7. Genome-wide estimates of inbreeding in unrelated individuals and their association with cognitive ability

Author

Power, Robert A, Nagoshi, Craig, DeFries, John C, Donnelly, Peter, Barroso, Ines, Blackwell, Jenefer M, Bramon, Elvira, Brown, Matthew A, Casas, Juan P, Corvin, Aiden, Deloukas, Panos, Duncanson, Audrey, Jankowski, Janusz, Markus, Hugh S, Mathew, Christopher G, Palmer, Colin NA, Plomin, Robert, Rautanen, Anna, Sawcer, Stephen J, Trembath, Richard C, Viswanathan, Ananth C, Wood, Nicholas W, Spencer, Chris C A, Band, Gavin, Bellenguez, Céline, Freeman, Colin, Hellenthal, Garrett, Giannoulatou, Eleni, Pirinen, Matti, Pearson, Richard, Strange, Amy, Su, Zhan, Vukcevic, Damjan, Langford, Cordelia, Hunt, Sarah E, Edkins, Sarah, Gwilliam, Rhian, Blackburn, Hannah, Bumpstead, Suzannah J, Dronov, Serge, Gillman, Matthew, Gray, Emma, Hammond, Naomi, Jayakumar, Alagurevathi, McCann, Owen T, Liddle, Jennifer, Potter, Simon C, Ravindrarajah, Radhi, Ricketts, Michelle, Waller, Matthew, Weston, Paul, Widaa, Sara, and Whittaker, Pamela

Subjects
Adult, Male, Intelligence, Population, Genome-wide association study, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Biology, Runs of Homozygosity, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, Consanguinity, 03 medical and health sciences, Cognition, 0302 clinical medicine, Genetics, Humans, Child, education, Genetic Association Studies, Genetics (clinical), 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Genome, Human, Homozygote, Assortative mating, Minor allele frequency, Case-Control Studies, Female, Inbreeding, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

The consequence of reduced cognitive ability from inbreeding has long been investigated, mainly restricted to cousin-cousin marriages. Molecular genetic techniques now allow us to test the relationship between increased ancestral inbreeding and cognitive ability in a population of traditionally unrelated individuals. In a representative UK sample of 2329 individuals, we used genome-wide SNP data to estimate the percentage of the genome covered by runs of homozygous SNPs (ROH). This was tested for association with general cognitive ability, as well as measures of verbal and non-verbal ability. Further, association was tested between these traits and specific ROH. Burden of ROH was not associated with cognitive ability after correction for multiple testing, although burden of ROH was nominally associated with increased non-verbal cognitive ability (P=0.03). Moreover, although no individual ROH was significantly associated with cognitive ability, there was a significant bias towards increased cognitive ability in carriers of ROH (P=0.002). A potential explanation for these results is increased positive assortative mating in spouses with higher cognitive ability, although we found no evidence in support of this hypothesis in a separate sample. Reduced minor allele frequency across the genome was associated with higher cognitive ability, which could contribute to an apparent increase in ROH. This may reflect minor alleles being more likely to be deleterious.

Published
2013

8. MiR-137-derived polygenic risk: effects on cognitive performance in patients with schizophrenia and controls

Author

Cosgrove, D, Harold, D, Mothersill, O, Anney, Richard, Hill, Martin, Bray, Nicholas, Blokland, G, Petryshen, T, Donnelly, Peter, Bates, Lesley, Barroso, Ines, Blackwell, Jenefer M, Bramon, Elvira, Brown, Matthew A, Casas, Juan P, Corvin, Aiden, Deloukas, Panos, Duncanson, Audrey, Jankowski, Janusz, Markus, Hugh S, Mathew, Christopher G, Palmer, Colin N A, Plomin, Robert, Rautanen, Anna, Sawcer, Stephen J, Trembath, Richard C, Viswanathan, Ananth C, Wood, Nicholas W, Spencer, Chris C A, Band, Gavin, Bellenguez, Céline, Freeman, Colin, Hellenthal, Garrett, Giannoulatou, Eleni, Hopkins, Lucinda, Pirinen, Matti, Pearson, Richard, Strange, Amy, Su, Zhan, Vukcevic, Damjan, Langford, Cordelia, Hunt, Sarah E, Edkins, Sarah, Gwilliam, Rhian, Blackburn, Hannah, Bumpstead, Suzannah J, Dronov, Serge, Gillman, Matthew, Gray, Emma, Hammond, Naomi, Jayakumar, Alagurevathi, McCann, Owen T, Liddle, Jennifer, Potter, Simon C, Ravindrarajah, Radhi, Ricketts, Michelle, Waller, Matthew, Weston, PaulWeston, Widaa, SaraWidaa, Whittaker, Pamela, Richards, Alexander, Mantripragada, Kiran, Owen, Michael, O'Donovan, Michael, Gill, M, Corvin, A, Morris, D W, Donohoe, G, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, and Petryshen, Tracey

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, Multifactorial Inheritance, Memory, Episodic, BF, Bioinformatics, Spatial memory, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Cognition, Memory, Task Performance and Analysis, medicine, Humans, Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance, Episodic memory, Biological Psychiatry, Intelligence quotient, Working memory, Memoria, Functional Neuroimaging, Brain, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, R1, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Psychiatry and Mental health, MicroRNAs, 030104 developmental biology, Memory, Short-Term, Schizophrenia, Case-Control Studies, Original Article, Female, Schizophrenic Psychology, Psychology, Facial Recognition, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Clinical psychology
Abstract

Variants at microRNA-137 (MIR137), one of the most strongly associated schizophrenia risk loci identified to date, have been associated with poorer cognitive performance. As microRNA-137 is known to regulate the expression of ~1900 other genes, including several that are independently associated with schizophrenia, we tested whether this gene set was also associated with variation in cognitive performance. Our analysis was based on an empirically derived list of genes whose expression was altered by manipulation of MIR137 expression. This list was cross-referenced with genome-wide schizophrenia association data to construct individual polygenic scores. We then tested, in a sample of 808 patients and 192 controls, whether these risk scores were associated with altered performance on cognitive functions known to be affected in schizophrenia. A subgroup of healthy participants also underwent functional imaging during memory (n=108) and face processing tasks (n=83). Increased polygenic risk within the empirically derived miR-137 regulated gene score was associated with significantly lower performance on intelligence quotient, working memory and episodic memory. These effects were observed most clearly at a polygenic threshold of P=0.05, although significant results were observed at all three thresholds analyzed. This association was found independently for the gene set as a whole, excluding the schizophrenia-associated MIR137 SNP itself. Analysis of the spatial working memory fMRI task further suggested that increased risk score (thresholded at P=10−5) was significantly associated with increased activation of the right inferior occipital gyrus. In conclusion, these data are consistent with emerging evidence that MIR137 associated risk for schizophrenia may relate to its broader downstream genetic effects.

Published
2016

9. Pharmacogenetic meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of LDL cholesterol response to statins

Author

Postmus, Iris, Trompet, Stella, Deshmukh, Harshal A., Barnes, Michael R., Li, Xiaohui, Warren, Helen R., Chasman, Daniel I., Zhou, Kaixin, Arsenault, Benoit J., Donnelly, Louise A., Wiggins, Kerri L., Avery, Christy L., Griffin, Paula, Feng, QiPing, Taylor, Kent D., Li, Guo, Evans, Daniel S., Smith, Albert V., de Keyser, Catherine E., Johnson, Andrew D., de Craen, Anton J.M., Stott, David J., Buckley, Brendan M., Ford, Ian, Westendorp, Rudi G. J., Eline Slagboom, P., Sattar, Naveed, Munroe, Patricia B., Sever, Peter, Poulter, Neil, Stanton, Alice, Shields, Denis C., O’Brien, Eoin, Shaw-Hawkins, Sue, Ida Chen, Y.-D., Nickerson, Deborah A., Smith, Joshua D., Pierre Dubé, Marie, Matthijs Boekholdt, S., Kees Hovingh, G., Kastelein, John J.P., McKeigue, Paul M., Betteridge, John, Neil, Andrew, Durrington, Paul N., Doney, Alex, Carr, Fiona, Morris, Andrew, McCarthy, Mark I., Groop, Leif, Ahlqvist, Emma, Bis, Joshua C., Rice, Kenneth, Smith, Nicholas L., Lumley, Thomas, Whitsel, Eric A., Stürmer, Til, Boerwinkle, Eric, Ngwa, Julius S., O’Donnell, Christopher J., Vasan, Ramachandran S., Wei, Wei-Qi, Wilke, Russell A., Liu, Ching-Ti, Sun, Fangui, Guo, Xiuqing, Heckbert, Susan R, Post, Wendy, Sotoodehnia, Nona, Arnold, Alice M., Stafford, Jeanette M., Ding, Jingzhong, Herrington, David M., Kritchevsky, Stephen B., Eiriksdottir, Gudny, Launer, Leonore J., Harris, Tamara B., Chu, Audrey Y., Giulianini, Franco, MacFadyen, Jean G., Barratt, Bryan J., Nyberg, Fredrik, Stricker, Bruno H., Uitterlinden, André G., Hofman, Albert, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Emilsson, Valur, Franco, Oscar H., Ridker, Paul M., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Liu, Yongmei, Denny, Joshua C., Ballantyne, Christie M., Rotter, Jerome I., Adrienne Cupples, L., Psaty, Bruce M., Palmer, Colin N.A., Tardif, Jean-Claude, Colhoun, Helen M., Hitman, Graham, Krauss, Ronald M., Wouter Jukema, J, Caulfield, Mark J., Donnelly, Peter, Barroso, Ines, Blackwell, Jenefer M., Bramon, Elvira, Brown, Matthew A., Casas, Juan P., Corvin, Aiden, Deloukas, Panos, Duncanson, Audrey, Jankowski, Janusz, Markus, Hugh S., Mathew, Christopher G., Plomin, Robert, Rautanen, Anna, Sawcer, Stephen J., Trembath, Richard C., Viswanathan, Ananth C., Wood, Nicholas W., Spencer, Chris C.A., Band, Gavin, Bellenguez, Céline, Freeman, Colin, Hellenthal, Garrett, Giannoulatou, Eleni, Pirinen, Matti, Pearson, Richard, Strange, Amy, Su, Zhan, Vukcevic, Damjan, Langford, Cordelia, Hunt, Sarah E., Edkins, Sarah, Gwilliam, Rhian, Blackburn, Hannah, Bumpstead, Suzannah J., Dronov, Serge, Gillman, Matthew, Gray, Emma, Hammond, Naomi, Jayakumar, Alagurevathi, McCann, Owen T., Liddle, Jennifer, Potter, Simon C., Ravindrarajah, Radhi, Ricketts, Michelle, Waller, Matthew, Weston, Paul, Widaa, Sara, Whittaker, Pamela, Erasmus MC other, Epidemiology, Internal Medicine, ACS - Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology, and Vascular Medicine

Subjects
Apolipoprotein E, BLOOD, LOCI, General Physics and Astronomy, Genome-wide association study, VARIANTS, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Pharmacology, Bioinformatics, THERAPY, DISEASE, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, GENE-EXPRESSION, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, biology, 3. Good health, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Meta-analysis, WHOLE-GENOME, Science & Technology - Other Topics, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Statin, medicine.drug_class, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, INDUCED MYOPATHY, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, 030304 developmental biology, Genetic association, Science & Technology, Cholesterol, business.industry, HUMAN PREFRONTAL CORTEX, nutritional and metabolic diseases, General Chemistry, Cholesterol, LDL, A300, chemistry, Pharmacogenetics, biology.protein, PLASMA LIPOPROTEIN(A) LEVELS, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, SLCO1B1, business, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Statins effectively lower LDL cholesterol levels in large studies and the observed interindividual response variability may be partially explained by genetic variation. Here we perform a pharmacogenetic meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in studies addressing the LDL cholesterol response to statins, including up to 18,596 statin-treated subjects. We validate the most promising signals in a further 22,318 statin recipients and identify two loci, SORT1/CELSR2/PSRC1 and SLCO1B1, not previously identified in GWAS. Moreover, we confirm the previously described associations with APOE and LPA. Our findings advance the understanding of the pharmacogenetic architecture of statin response., Statins are effectively used to prevent and manage cardiovascular disease, but patient response to these drugs is highly variable. Here, the authors identify two new genes associated with the response of LDL cholesterol to statins and advance our understanding of the genetic basis of drug response.

Published
2016

10. IPD—the Immuno Polymorphism Database

Author

Robinson, James, Waller, Matthew J., Stoehr, Peter, and Marsh, Steven G. E.

Subjects
0303 health sciences, Polymorphism, Genetic, Articles, bacterial infections and mycoses, 3. Good health, Major Histocompatibility Complex, Systems Integration, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Receptors, KIR, Cell Line, Tumor, Databases, Genetic, Genetics, Immunogenetics, Animals, Database Management Systems, Humans, Antigens, Human Platelet, Receptors, Immunologic, Melanoma, Sequence Alignment, 030304 developmental biology, 030215 immunology
Abstract

The Immuno Polymorphism Database (IPD) (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ipd/) is a set of specialist databases related to the study of polymorphic genes in the immune system. IPD currently consists of four databases: IPD-KIR, contains the allelic sequences of Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors; IPD-MHC, a database of sequences of the Major Histocompatibility Complex of different species; IPD-HPA, alloantigens expressed only on platelets; and IPD-ESTAB, which provides access to the European Searchable Tumour Cell-Line Database, a cell bank of immunologically characterized melanoma cell lines. The IPD project works with specialist groups or nomenclature committees who provide and curate individual sections before they are submitted to IPD for online publication. The IPD project stores all the data in a set of related databases. Those sections with similar data, such as IPD-KIR and IPD-MHC share the same database structure. The sharing of a common database structure makes it easier to implement common tools for data submission and retrieval. The data are currently available online from the website and ftp directory; files will also be made available in different formats to download from the website and ftp server. The data will also be included in SRS, BLAST and FASTA search engines at the European Bioinformatics Institute.

Published
2004

11. A common variant mapping to CACNA1A is associated with susceptibility to exfoliation syndrome

Author

Aung, Tin, Ozaki, Mineo, Mizoguchi, Takanori, Allingham, R Rand, Li, Zheng, Haripriya, Aravind, Nakano, Satoko, Uebe, Steffen, Harder, Jeffrey M, Chan, Anita S Y, Lee, Mei Chin, Burdon, Kathryn P, Astakhov, Yury S, Abu-Amero, Khaled K, Zenteno, Juan C, Nilgün, Yildirim, Zarnowski, Tomasz, Pakravan, Mohammad, Safieh, Leen Abu, Jia, Liyun, Wang, Ya Xing, Williams, Susan, Paoli, Daniela, Schlottmann, Patricio G, Huang, Lulin, Sim, Kar Seng, Foo, Jia Nee, Nakano, Masakazu, Ikeda, Yoko, Kumar, Rajesh S, Ueno, Morio, Manabe, Shin-ichi, Hayashi, Ken, Kazama, Shigeyasu, Ideta, Ryuichi, Mori, Yosai, Miyata, Kazunori, Sugiyama, Kazuhisa, Higashide, Tomomi, Chihara, Etsuo, Inoue, Kenji, Ishiko, Satoshi, Yoshida, Akitoshi, Yanagi, Masahide, Kiuchi, Yoshiaki, Aihara, Makoto, Ohashi, Tsutomu, Sakurai, Toshiya, Sugimoto, Takako, Chuman, Hideki, Matsuda, Fumihiko, Yamashiro, Kenji, Gotoh, Norimoto, Miyake, Masahiro, Astakhov, Sergei Y, Osman, Essam A, Al-Obeidan, Saleh A, Owaidhah, Ohoud, Al-Jasim, Leyla, Al Shahwan, Sami, Fogarty, Rhys A, Leo, Paul, Yetkin, Yaz, Oguz, Çilingir, Kanavi, Mozhgan Rezaei, Beni, Afsaneh Nederi, Yazdani, Shahin, Akopov, Evgeny L, Toh, Kai-Yee, Howell, Gareth R, Orr, Andrew C, Goh, Yufen, Meah, Wee Yang, Peh, Su Qin, Kosior-Jarecka, Ewa, Lukasik, Urszula, Krumbiegel, Mandy, Vithana, Eranga N, Wong, Tien Yin, Liu, Yutao, Koch, Allison E Ashley, Challa, Pratap, Rautenbach, Robyn M, Mackey, David A, Hewitt, Alex W, Mitchell, Paul, Wang, Jie Jin, Ziskind, Ari, Carmichael, Trevor, Ramakrishnan, Rangappa, Narendran, Kalpana, Venkatesh, Rangaraj, Vijayan, Saravanan, Zhao, Peiquan, Chen, Xueyi, Guadarrama-Vallejo, Dalia, Cheng, Ching Yu, Perera, Shamira A, Husain, Rahat, Ho, Su-Ling, Welge-Luessen, Ulrich-Christoph, Mardin, Christian, Schloetzer-Schrehardt, Ursula, Hillmer, Axel M, Herms, Stefan, Moebus, Susanne, Nöthen, Markus M, Weisschuh, Nicole, Shetty, Rohit, Ghosh, Arkasubhra, Teo, Yik Ying, Brown, Matthew A, Lischinsky, Ignacio, Crowston, Jonathan G, Coote, Michael, Zhao, Bowen, Sang, Jinghong, Zhang, Nihong, You, Qisheng, Vysochinskaya, Vera, Founti, Panayiota, Chatzikyriakidou, Anthoula, Lambropoulos, Alexandros, Anastasopoulos, Eleftherios, Coleman, Anne L, Wilson, M Roy, Rhee, Douglas J, Kang, Jae Hee, May-Bolchakova, Inna, Heegaard, Steffen, Mori, Kazuhiko, Alward, Wallace L M, Jonas, Jost B, Xu, Liang, Liebmann, Jeffrey M, Chowbay, Balram, Schaeffeler, Elke, Schwab, Matthias, Lerner, Fabian, Wang, Ningli, Yang, Zhenglin, Frezzotti, Paolo, Kinoshita, Shigeru, Fingert, John H, Inatani, Masaru, Tashiro, Kei, Reis, André, Edward, Deepak P, Pasquale, Louis R, Kubota, Toshiaki, Wiggs, Janey L, Pasutto, Francesca, Topouzis, Fotis, Dubina, Michael, Craig, Jamie E, Yoshimura, Nagahisa, Sundaresan, Periasamy, John, Simon W M, Ritch, Robert, Hauser, Michael A, Khor, Chiea-Chuen, Rochtchina, Elena, Viswanathan, Ananth C, Wong, Tien Y, Xie, Jing, Sim, Xueling, Inouye, Michael, Holliday, Elizabeth G, Attia, John, Scott, Rodney J, Baird, Paul N, Donnelly, Peter, Barroso, Ines, Blackwell, Jenefer M, Bramon, Elvira, Casas, Juan P, Corvin, Aiden, Deloukas, Panos, Duncanson, Audrey, Jankowski, Janusz, Markus, Hugh S, Mathew, Christopher G, Palmer, Colin N A, Plomin, Robert, Rautanen, Anna, Sawcer, Stephen J, Trembath, Richard C, Wood, Nicholas W, Spencer, Chris C A, Band, Gavin, Bellenguez, Céline, Freeman, Colin, Hellenthal, Garrett, Giannoulatou, Eleni, Pirinen, Matti, Pearson, Richard, Strange, Amy, Su, Zhan, Vukcevic, Damjan, Langford, Cordelia, Hunt, Sarah E, Edkins, Sarah, Gwilliam, Rhian, Blackburn, Hannah, Bumpstead, Suzannah J, Dronov, Serge, Gillman, Matthew, Gray, Emma, Hammond, Naomi, Jayakumar, Alagurevathi, McCann, Owen T, Liddle, Jennifer, Potter, Simon C, Ravindrarajah, Radhi, Ricketts, Michelle, Waller, Matthew, Weston, Paul, Widaa, Sara, and Whittaker, Pamela

Subjects
Asian Continental Ancestry Group, Pseudoexfoliation syndrome, Medizin, Locus (genetics), Genome-wide association study, Biology, Inbred C57BL, Exfoliation Syndrome, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, Mice, Animals, Calcium Channels, Case-Control Studies, Chromosome Mapping, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Glaucoma, Open-Angle, HEK293 Cells, HeLa Cells, Humans, Japan, MCF-7 Cells, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Genetics, Asian People, medicine, SNP, Allele, Polymorphism, Cultured, Case-control study, Glaucoma, Odds ratio, Single Nucleotide, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Tumor Cells, Open-Angle, Etiology
Abstract

Exfoliation syndrome (XFS) is the most common recognizable cause of open-angle glaucoma worldwide. To better understand the etiology of XFS, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 1,484 cases and 1,188 controls from Japan and followed up the most significant findings in a further 6,901 cases and 20,727 controls from 17 countries across 6 continents. We discovered a genome-wide significant association between a new locus (CACNA1A rs4926244) and increased susceptibility to XFS (odds ratio (OR) = 1.16, P = 3.36 × 10(-11)). Although we also confirmed overwhelming association at the LOXL1 locus, the key SNP marker (LOXL1 rs4886776) demonstrated allelic reversal depending on the ancestry group (Japanese: OR(A allele) = 9.87, P = 2.13 × 10(-217); non-Japanese: OR(A allele) = 0.49, P = 2.35 × 10(-31)). Our findings represent the first genetic locus outside of LOXL1 surpassing genome-wide significance for XFS and provide insight into the biology and pathogenesis of the disease.

Published
2014

12. Common variant at 16p11.2 conferring risk of psychosis

Author

Steinberg, S., de Jong, S., Sigurdsson, E., Murray, R., Corvin, A., Gill, M., Morris, D., O'Neill, F. A., Kendler, K., Riley, B., 2, Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, Craddock, N., Owen, M. J., Vassos, E., O'Donovan, M. C., Thorsteinsdottir, U., Kong, A., Ehrenreich, H., Carracedo, A., Golimbet, V., Andreassen, O. A., Børglum, A. D., Mors, O., Mortensen, P. B., Giegling, I., Werge, T., Ophoff, R. A., Nöthen, M. M., Rietschel, M., Cichon, S., Ruggeri, M., Tosato, S., Palotie, A., St Clair, D., Rujescu, D., Breuer, R., Collier, D. A., Stefansson, H., Stefansson, K., Donnelly, Peter, Barroso, Ines, Blackwell, Jenefer M, Bramon, Elvira, Brown, Matthew A, Casas, Juan P, Corvin, Aiden, Fraser, G., Deloukas, Panos, Duncanson, Audrey, Jankowski, Janusz, Markus, Hugh S, Mathew, Christopher G, Palmer, Colin N A, Plomin, Robert, Rautanen, Anna, Sawcer, Stephen J, Trembath, Richard C, Walker, N., Viswanathan, Ananth C, Wood, Nicholas W, Spencer, Chris C A, Band, Gavin, Bellenguez, Céline, Freeman, Colin, Hellenthal, Garrett, Giannoulatou, Eleni, Pirinen, Matti, Pearson, Richard, Melle, I., Strange, Amy, Su, Zhan, Vukcevic, Damjan, Langford, Cordelia, Hunt, Sarah E, Edkins, Sarah, Gwilliam, Rhian, Blackburn, Hannah, Djurovic, S., Bumpstead, Suzannah J, Dronov, Serge, Gillman, Matthew, Gray, Emma, Hammond, Naomi, Jayakumar, Alagurevathi, McCann, Owen T, Liddle, Jennifer, Potter, Simon C, Ravindrarajah, Radhi, Agartz, I., Ricketts, Michelle, Waller, Matthew, Weston, Paul, Widaa, Sara, Whittaker, Pamela, Tuulio-Henriksson, A., Mattheisen, M., Suvisaari, J., Lönnqvist, J., Paunio, T., Olsen, L., Hansen, T., Ingason, A., Pirinen, M., Strengman, E., GROUP, Hougaard, D. M., Costas, J., Orntoft, T., Didriksen, M., Hollegaard, M. V., Nordentoft, M., Abramova, L., Kaleda, V., Arrojo, M., Sanjuán, J., Arango, C., Etain, B., Demontis, D., Bellivier, F., Méary, A., Schürhoff, F., Szoke, A., Ribolsi, M., Magni, V., Siracusano, A., Sperling, S., Rossner, M., Christiansen, C., Jamain, S., Kiemeney, L. A., Franke, B., van den Berg, L. H., Veldink, J., Curran, S., Bolton, P., Poot, M., Staal, W., Rehnstrom, K., Kilpinen, H., Pietiläinen, O. P. H., Freitag, C. M., Meyer, J., Magnusson, P., Saemundsen, E., Martsenkovsky, I., Bikshaieva, I., Martsenkovska, I., Vashchenko, O., Raleva, M., Paketchieva, K., Lin, K., Stefanovski, B., Durmishi, N., Pejovic Milovancevic, M., Lecic Tosevski, D., Silagadze, T., Naneishvili, N., Mikeladze, N., Surguladze, S., Vincent, J. B., Farmer, A., Papiol, S., Mitchell, P. B., Wright, A., Schofield, P. R., Fullerton, J. M., Montgomery, G. W., Martin, N. G., Rubino, I. A., van Winkel, R., Kenis, G., De Hert, M., Huttenlocher, J., Réthelyi, J. M., Bitter, I., Terenius, L., Jönsson, E. G., Bakker, S., van Os, J., Jablensky, A., Leboyer, M., Bramon, E., Powell, J., deCODE Genet, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Neurobehav Genet, Los Angeles, CA USA Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Channing Div Network Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA Univ Bonn, Inst Genom Math, Bonn, Germany Univ Bonn, Dept Genom, Life & Brain Ctr, Bonn, Germany CHUS, Galician Fdn Genom Med SERGAS, Santiago De Compostela, Spain Aarhus Univ, Dept Biomed, Aarhus, Denmark Aarhus Univ, iSEQ, Ctr Integrat Sequencing, Aarhus, Denmark Lundbeck Fdn Initiat Integrat Psychiat Res, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark Fdn FondaMental, Creteil, France Hop Henri Mondor, INSERM, U955, F-94010 Creteil, France Univ Helsinki, Inst Mol Med Finland FIMM, Helsinki, Finland Inst Hlth & Welf, Publ Hlth Genom Unit, Helsinki, Finland Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge, England South London & Maudsley NHS Fdn Trust, NIHR Biomed Res Ctr Mental Hlth, Dept Neurosci, London, England Kings Coll London, London, England DFG Res Ctr Mol Physiol Brain CMPB, Gottingen, Germany Max Planck Inst Expt Med, Div Clin Neurosci, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany Univ Tubingen, Inst Human Genet, Dept Med Genet, Tubingen, Germany Natl Univ Hosp Reykjavik, Dept Psychiat, Reykjavik, Iceland Univ Iceland, Sch Med, Reykjavik, Iceland Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Res Ctr, London, England Univ Munich, Dept Psychiat, Div Mol & Clin Neurobiol, D-80539 Munich, Germany Heidelberg Univ, Cent Inst Mental Hlth, Dept Genet Epidemiol Psychiat, Mannheim, Germany Univ Aberdeen, Dept Mental Hlth, Royal Cornhill Hosp, Aberdeen, Scotland Ravenscraig Hosp, Greenock, Scotland [Univ Oslo, Inst Clin Med, KG Jebsen Ctr Psychosis Res, Div Mental Hlth & Addict,Oslo Univ Hosp, Oslo, Norway Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Dept Mental Hlth & Subst Abuse Serv, Helsinki, Finland Univ Helsinki, Dept Psychiat, SF-00180 Helsinki, Finland Univ Helsinki, Cent Hosp, Helsinki, Finland Natl Inst Hlth & Welf THL, Publ Hlth Genom Unit, Helsinki, Finland Univ Copenhagen, Mental Hlth Ctr Sct Hans, Inst Biol Psychiat, Roskilde, Denmark Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Oxford, England Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Med Genet, Utrecht, Netherlands Statens Serum Inst, Dept Clin Biochem Immunol & Genet, Sect Neonatal Screening & Hormones, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Mol Med, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark H Lundbeck & Co AS, Synapt Transmiss, Copenhagen, Denmark Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Psychiat Ctr Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Russian Acad Med Sci, Mental Hlth Res Ctr, Moscow 109801, Russia CHUS, Serv Psychiat, Santiago De Compostela, Spain Univ Valencia, Network Ctr Biomed Res Mental Hlth CIBERSAM, Unit Psychiat, Fac Med, Valencia, Spain Univ Complutense, Hosp Gen Univ Gregorio Maranon, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain Hop H Mondor A Chenevier, AP HP, Creteil, France Univ Paris Est, Fac Med, Creteil, France Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Neurosci, Sect Psychiat, Rome, Italy Max Planck Inst Expt Med, Dept Neurogenet, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany Nord Biosci, Herlev, Denmark Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Human Genet, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands Univ Med Ctr, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Dept Neurol, Utrecht, Netherlands Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, London, England Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Cognit Neurosci, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat Psychosomat & Ps, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany Univ Trier, Dept Neurobehav Genet, Trier, Germany Natl Univ Hosp Reykjavik, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Reykjavik, Iceland State Diagnost & Counseling Ctr, Kopavogur, Iceland Ukrainian Res Inst Social Forens Psychiat & Drug, Dept Child Adolescent Psychiat & Med Social Rehab, Kiev, Ukraine Univ Skopje, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Skopje, Macedonia Inst Mental Hlth, Belgrade, Serbia Univ Belgrade, Fac Med, Belgrade, Serbia Tbilisi State Med Univ TSMU, Dept Psychiat & Drug Addict, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia Ilia State Univ, Social & Affect Neurosci Lab, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth CAMH, Mol Neuropsychiat & Dev Lab, Toronto, ON, Canada Prince Wales Hosp, Black Dog Inst, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia Univ New S Wales, Sch Psychiat, Sydney, NSW, Australia Neurosci Res Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia Univ New S Wales, Sch Med Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia Queensland Inst Med Res, Brisbane, Qld 4006, Australia Catholic Univ Louvain, Univ Psychiat Ctr, Kortenberg, Belgium Maastricht Univ, European Grad Sch Neurosci EURON,Med Ctr, Sch Mental Hlth & Neurosci,Dept Psychiat & Psycho, South Limburg Mental Hlth Res & Teaching Network, Maastricht, Netherlands Semmelweis Univ, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary Karolinska Hosp & Inst, HUBIN Project, Dept Clin Neurosci, Stockholm, Sweden Univ Med Ctr, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Dept Psychiat, Utrecht, Netherlands Maastricht Univ, Dept Psychiat, Med Ctr, Maastricht, Netherlands Univ Western Australia, Graylands Hosp, CCRN, Perth, WA 6009, Australia UCL, Mental Hlth Sci Unit, London, England UCL, Inst Cognit Neurosci, London, England South London & Maudsley NHS Fdn Trust, NIHR Biomed Res Ctr Mental Hlth, Dept Psychosis Studies, London, England Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Med, Neuropsychiat Genet Res Grp, Dublin, Ireland Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Psychiat, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Human Genet, Richmond, VA USA Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Virginia Inst Psychiat & Behav Genet, Richmond, VA USA Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Psychiat, Richmond, VA USA Cardiff Univ, Sch Med, Inst Psychol Med & Clin Neurosci, MRC Ctr Neuropsychiat Genet & Genom, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales Univ Santiago de Compostela, Biomed Network Res Ctr Rare Dis CIBERER, Galician Fdn Genom Med, Genom Med Grp, Santiago De Compostela, Spain Aarhus Univ Hosp, Ctr Psychiat Res, Risskov, Denmark Aarhus Univ, Natl Ctr Register Based Res, Aarhus, Denmark German Ctr Neurodegenerat Disorders DZNE, Bonn, Germany Univ Bonn, Inst Human Genet, Bonn, Germany Inst Neurosci & Med INM 1, Julich, Germany Univ Verona, Sect Psychiat, I-37100 Verona, Italy Broad Inst MIT & Harvard, Program Med & Populat Genet & Genet Anal Platform, Cambridge, MA USA Univ Helsinki, Dept Med Genet, Helsinki, Finland Univ Cent Hosp, Helsinki, Finland Univ Halle Wittenberg, Dept Psychiat, D-06108 Halle, Germany Eli Lilly & Co Ltd, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, Surrey, England, Psychiatrie & Neuropsychologie, MUMC+: MA Psychiatrie (3), MUMC+: Hersen en Zenuw Centrum (3), and RS: MHeNs - R2 - Mental Health

Subjects
Oncology, Male, association, Bipolar disorder, cross-disorder, schizophrenia, 1p11.2, Bipolar Disorder, International Cooperation, Genome-wide association study, Disease, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Epidemiology, Odds Ratio, Medicine, genetics [Schizophrenia], Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Genetics, Aged, 80 and over, bipolar disorder, 0303 health sciences, Middle Aged, 16p11.2, 3. Good health, Europe, Psychiatry and Mental health, genetics [Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16], epidemiology [Bipolar Disorder], Urological cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 15], genetics [Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide], Female, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Psychosis, Genotype, complications [Bipolar Disorder], epidemiology [Schizophrenia], Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Young Adult, complications [Schizophrenia], Internal medicine, mental disorders, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, ddc:610, Molecular Biology, Settore MED/25 - Psichiatria, 030304 developmental biology, Aged, Chromosome Aberrations, Neurodevelopmental disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 7], business.industry, Gene Expression Profiling, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Schizophrenia, Autism, business, Body mass index, genetics [Bipolar Disorder], 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

To access publisher's full text version of this article. Please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field. Epidemiological and genetic data support the notion that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder share genetic risk factors. In our previous genome-wide association study, meta-analysis and follow-up (totaling as many as 18 206 cases and 42 536 controls), we identified four loci showing genome-wide significant association with schizophrenia. Here we consider a mixed schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (psychosis) phenotype (addition of 7469 bipolar disorder cases, 1535 schizophrenia cases, 333 other psychosis cases, 808 unaffected family members and 46 160 controls). Combined analysis reveals a novel variant at 16p11.2 showing genome-wide significant association (rs4583255[T]; odds ratio=1.08; P=6.6 × 10(-11)). The new variant is located within a 593-kb region that substantially increases risk of psychosis when duplicated. In line with the association of the duplication with reduced body mass index (BMI), rs4583255[T] is also associated with lower BMI (P=0.0039 in the public GIANT consortium data set; P=0.00047 in 22 651 additional Icelanders). National Institute of Mental Health N01 MH900001 MH074027 1U24MH081810 R01 MH078075 Eli Lilly and Company Pritzker Neuropsychiatric Disorders Research Fund L.L.C. Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, MA (NIMH) 2N01MH080001-001 Wellcome Trust 076113 085475 075491/Z/04 085475/B/08/Z 085475/Z/08/Z Medical Research Council G0601030 Anthony P Monaco, PI, University of Oxford National Genome Research Network of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) 01GS08144 01GS08147 Centre of Excellence for Complex Disease Genetics of the Academy of Finland 213506 129680 Biocentrum Helsinki Foundation Research Program for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki Stanley Medical Research Institute Danish Council for Strategic Research 2101-07-0059 H Lundbeck A/S; the Research Council of Norway 163070/V50 Danish Medical Research Council South-East Norway Health Authority 2004-123 Medical Research Council Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Spain PI081522 Xunta de Galicia 08CSA005208PR Swedish Research Council Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2 Max Planck Society; Saarland University T6 03 10 00-45 Netherlands Foundation for Brain Research (Hersenstichting) 2008(1).34 2006-037761 PIAP-GA-2008-218251 HEALTH-F2-2009-223423 HEALTH-F4-2009-242257 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/218251

Published
2014

13. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies novel loci that influence cupping and the glaucomatous process

Author

Springelkamp, Henriët., Höhn, René, Mishra, Aniket, Hysi, Pirro G., Khor, Chiea-Chuen, Loomis, Stephanie J., Bailey, Jessica N. Cooke, Gibson, Jane, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Janssen, Sarah F., Luo, Xiaoyan, Ramdas, Wishal D., Vithana, Eranga, Nongpiur, Monisha E., Montgomery, Grant W., Xu, Liang, Mountain, Jenny E., Gharahkhani, Puya, Lu, Yi, Amin, Najaf, Karssen, Lennart C., Sim, Kar-Seng, van Leeuwen, Elisabeth M., Iglesias, Adriana I., Verhoeven, Virginie J. M., Hauser, Michael A., Loon, Seng-Chee, Despriet, Dominiek D. G., Nag, Abhishek, Venturini, Cristina, Sanfilippo, Paul G., Schillert, Arne, Kang, Jae H., Landers, John, Jonasson, Fridbert, Cree, Angela J., van Koolwijk, Leonieke M. E., Rivadeneira, Fernando, Souzeau, Emmanuelle, Jonsson, Vesteinn, Menon, Geeta, Mitchell, Paul, Wang, Jie Jin, Rochtchina, Elena, Attia, John, Scott, Rodney, Holliday, Elizabeth G., Wong, Tien-Yin, Baird, Paul N., Xie, Jing, Inouye, Michael, Viswanathan, Ananth, Sim, Xueling, Weinreb, Robert N., de Jong, Paulus T. V. M., Oostra, Ben A., Uitterlinden, André G., Hofman, Albert, Ennis, Sarah, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Burdon, Kathryn P., Allingham, R. Rand, Brilliant, Murray H., Budenz, Donald L., Cooke Bailey, Jessica N., Christen, William G., Fingert, John, Friedman, David S., Gaasterland, Douglas, Gaasterland, Terry, Haines, Jonathan L., Kang, Jae Hee, Kraft, Peter, Lee, Richard K., Lichter, Paul R., Liu, Yutao, Moroi, Sayoko E., Pasquale, Louis R., Pericak-Vance, Margaret A., Realini, Anthony, Richards, Julia E., Schuman, Joel S., Scott, William K., Singh, Kuldev, Sit, Arthur J., Vollrath, Douglas, Wiggs, Janey L., Wollstein, Gadi, Zack, Donald J., Zhang, Kang, Donnelly (Chair), Peter, Barroso (Deputy Chair), Ines, Blackwell, Jenefer M., Bramon, Elvira, Brown, Matthew A., Casas, Juan P., Corvin, Aiden, Deloukas, Panos, Duncanson, Audrey, Jankowski, Janusz, Markus, Hugh S., Mathew, Christopher G., Palmer, Colin N. A., Plomin, Robert, Rautanen, Anna, Sawcer, Stephen J., Trembath, Richard C., Viswanathan, Ananth C., Wood, Nicholas W., Spencer, Chris C. A., Band, Gavin, Bellenguez, Céline, Freeman, Colin, Hellenthal, Garrett, Giannoulatou, Eleni, Pirinen, Matti, Pearson, Richard, Strange, Amy, Su, Zhan, Vukcevic, Damjan, Donnelly, Peter, Langford, Cordelia, Hunt, Sarah E., Edkins, Sarah, Gwilliam, Rhian, Blackburn, Hannah, Bumpstead, Suzannah J., Dronov, Serge, Gillman, Matthew, Gray, Emma, Hammond, Naomi, Jayakumar, Alagurevathi, McCann, Owen T., Liddle, Jennifer, Potter, Simon C., Ravindrarajah, Radhi, Ricketts, Michelle, Waller, Matthew, Weston, Paul, Widaa, Sara, Whittaker, Pamela, Barroso, Ines, Mathew (Chair), Christopher G., Spector, Timothy D., Mirshahi, Alireza, Saw, Seang-Mei, Vingerling, Johannes R., Teo, Yik-Ying, Wolfs, Roger C. W., Lemij, Hans G., Tai, E-Shyong, Jansonius, Nomdo M., Jonas, Jost B., Cheng, Ching-Yu, Aung, Tin, Klaver, Caroline C. W., Craig, Jamie E., Macgregor, Stuart, Mackey, David A., Lotery, Andrew J., Stefansson, Kari, Bergen, Arthur A. B., Young, Terri L., Pfeiffer, Norbert, Hewitt, Alex W., van Duijn, Cornelia M., Hammond, Christopher J., Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Perceptual and Cognitive Neuroscience (PCN), Other departments, Ophthalmology, ANS - Amsterdam Neuroscience, Human Genetics, Erasmus MC other, Epidemiology, Internal Medicine, Clinical Genetics, and Obstetrics & Gynecology

Subjects
DISRUPTION, TO-DISC RATIO, genetic structures, Optic disk, General Physics and Astronomy, Glaucoma, Genome-wide association study, Neurodegenerative, Eye, INTRAOCULAR-PRESSURE, 0302 clinical medicine, Gene Frequency, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, POPULATION, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, HERITABILITY, ABNORMALITIES, NEIGHBORHOOD Consortium, Single Nucleotide, 3. Good health, Phenotype, medicine.anatomical_structure, Optic nerve, OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA, Optic disc, Asian Continental Ancestry Group, medicine.medical_specialty, Genotype, SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI, European Continental Ancestry Group, Optic Disk, Population, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, White People, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, PARAMETERS, 03 medical and health sciences, Asian People, Blue Mountains Eye Study—GWAS group, Ophthalmology, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Polymorphism, education, CENTRAL CORNEAL THICKNESS, Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision, 030304 developmental biology, Genetic association, business.industry, Gene Expression Profiling, Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2, Human Genome, Neurosciences, Case-control study, Optic Nerve, General Chemistry, A300, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Case-Control Studies, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, sense organs, business, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Glaucoma is characterized by irreversible optic nerve degeneration and is the most frequent cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Here, the International Glaucoma Genetics Consortium conducts a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of vertical cup-disc ratio (VCDR), an important disease-related optic nerve parameter. In 21,094 individuals of European ancestry and 6,784 individuals of Asian ancestry, we identify 10 new loci associated with variation in VCDR. In a separate risk-score analysis of five case-control studies, Caucasians in the highest quintile have a 2.5-fold increased risk of primary open-angle glaucoma as compared with those in the lowest quintile. This study has more than doubled the known loci associated with optic disc cupping and will allow greater understanding of mechanisms involved in this common blinding condition., Glaucoma is the most common cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Here, the authors carry out a large meta-analysis of genetic data from individuals of European and Asian ancestry and identify 10 new loci associated with vertical cup-disc ratio, a key factor in the clinical assessment of patients with glaucoma.

Published
2014

14. Genetic comorbidities in Parkinson's disease

Author

Nalls, Mike A, Saad, Mohamad, Morris, Huw R, Mudanohwo, Ese, O'Sullivan, Sean S, Pearson, Justin, Perlmutter, Joel S, Pétursson, Hjörvar, Pollak, Pierre, Post, Bart, Potter, Simon, Ravina, Bernard, Revesz, Tamas, Williams, Nigel, Riess, Olaf, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Rizzu, Patrizia, Ryten, Mina, Sawcer, Stephen, Schapira, Anthony, Scheffer, Hans, Shaw, Karen, Shoulson, Ira, Sidransky, Ellen, Gasser, Thomas, Smith, Colin, Spencer, Chris C A, Stefánsson, Hreinn, Steinberg, Stacy, Stockton, Joanna D, Strange, Amy, Talbot, Kevin, Tanner, Carlie M, Tashakkori-Ghanbaria, Avazeh, Tison, François, Heutink, Peter, Trabzuni, Daniah, Traynor, Bryan J, Uitterlinden, André G, Velseboer, Daan, Vidailhet, Marie, Walker, Robert, van de Warrenburg, Bart, Wickremaratchi, Mirdhu, Williams-Gray, Caroline H, Wood, Nick, Winder-Rhodes, Sophie, Stefánsson, Kári, Martinez, Maria, Hardy, John, Brice, Alexis, Singleton, Andrew B, Wood, Nicholas W, Donnelly, Peter, Barroso, Ines, Blackwell, Jenefer M, Bramon, Elvira, Brown, Matthew A, Casas, Juan P, Corvin, Aiden, Deloukas, Panos, Duncanson, Audrey, Jankowski, Janusz, Markus, Hugh S, Mathew, Christopher G, Palmer, N. A., Plomin, Robert, Rautanen, Anna, Sawcer, Stephen J, Trembath, Richard C, Viswanathan, Ananth C, Band, Gavin, Bellenguez, Céline, Freeman, Colin, Hellenthal, Garrett, Giannoulatou, Eleni, Pirinen, Matti, Pearson, Richard, Su, Zhan, Vukcevic, Damjan, Consortium, International Parkinson's Disease Genomics, Langford, Cordelia, Hunt, Sarah E, Edkins, Sarah, Gwilliam, Rhian, Blackburn, Hannah, Bumpstead, Suzannah J, Dronov, Serge, Gillman, Matthew, Gray, Emma, Hammond, Naomi, 2, Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, Jayakumar, Alagurevathi, McCann, Owen T, Liddle, Jennifer, Potter, Simon C, Ravindrarajah, Radhi, Ricketts, Michelle, Waller, Matthew, Weston, Paul, Widaa, Sara, Whittaker, Pamela, Noyce, Alastair J, Consortium, North American Brain Expression, McCarthy, Mark I, Cookson, Mark R, Consortium, United Kingdom Brain Expression, Gibbs, J Raphael, Hernandez, Dena G, Dillman, Allissa, Nalls, Michael A, Zonderman, Alan B, Arepalli, Sampath, Ferrucci, Luigi, Johnson, Robert, Longo, Dan L, O'Brien, Richard, Nalls, Mike, Traynor, Bryan, Troncoso, Juan, van der Brug, Marcel, Zielke, Ronald H, Weale, Michael E, Ramasamy, Adaikalavan, Plagnol, Vincent, Walker, Rober, Sharma, Manu, Sheerin, Una-Marie, Simón-Sánchez, Javier, Schulte, Claudia, Keller, Margaux F, Lesage, Suzanne, Sveinbjörnsdóttir, Sigurlaug, Barker, Roger, Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, Berendse, Henk W, Berg, Daniela, Bhatia, Kailash, de Bie, Rob M A, Biffi, Alessandro, Schrag, Anette, Bloem, Bas, Bochdanovits, Zoltan, Bonin, Michael, Bras, Jose M, Brockmann, Kathrin, Brooks, Janet, Burn, David J, Charlesworth, Gavin, Chen, Honglei, Chinnery, Patrick F, Bestwick, Jonathan P, Chong, Sean, Clarke, Carl E, Cooper, J Mark, Corvol, Jean Christophe, Counsell, Carl, Damier, Philippe, Dartigues, Jean-François, Deuschl, Günther, Dexter, David T, van Dijk, Karin D, Durif, Frank, Dürr, Alexandra, Evans, Jonathan R, Foltynie, Thomas, Gao, Jianjun, Gardner, Michelle, Goate, Alison, Guerreiro, Rita, Gústafsson, Ómar, Harris, Clare, van Hilten, Jacobus J, Hofman, Albert, Hollenbeck, Albert, Holton, Janice, Hu, Michele, Huang, Xuemei, Huber, Heiko, Hudson, Gavin, Huttenlocher, Johanna, Illig, Thomas, Jónsson, Pálmi V, Lambert, Jean-Charles, Lees, Andrew, Lichtner, Peter, Limousin, Patricia, Lopez, Grisel, Lorenz, Delia, McNeill, Alisdair, Moorby, Catriona, Moore, Matthew, Morrison, Karen E, ANS - Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurology, Graduate School, and Erasmus MC other

Subjects
genetics [Crohn Disease], epidemiology [Schizophrenia], Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Genome-wide association study, Disease, Comorbidity, Biology, Bioinformatics, Inflammatory bowel disease, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Crohn Disease, genetics [Parkinson Disease], Risk Factors, ddc:570, Mendelian randomization, mental disorders, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, genetics [Schizophrenia], Molecular Biology, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), Genetics (clinical), Genetic association, epidemiology [Crohn Disease], Association Studies Articles, Parkinson Disease, General Medicine, DNA Methylation, medicine.disease, Disorders of movement Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 3], 3. Good health, Schizophrenia, CpG Islands, epidemiology [Parkinson Disease], Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) has a number of known genetic risk factors. Clinical and epidemiological studies have suggested the existence of intermediate factors that may be associated with additional risk of PD. We construct genetic risk profiles for additional epidemiological and clinical factors using known genome-wide association studies (GWAS) loci related to these specific phenotypes to estimate genetic comorbidity in a systematic review. We identify genetic risk profiles based on GWAS variants associated with schizophrenia and Crohn's disease as significantly associated with risk of PD. Conditional analyses adjusting for SNPs near loci associated with PD and schizophrenia or PD and Crohn's disease suggest that spatially overlapping loci associated with schizophrenia and PD account for most of the shared comorbidity, while variation outside of known proximal loci shared by PD and Crohn's disease accounts for their shared genetic comorbidity. We examine brain methylation and expression signatures proximal to schizophrenia and Crohn's disease loci to infer functional changes in the brain associated with the variants contributing to genetic comorbidity. We compare our results with a systematic review of epidemiological literature, while the findings are dissimilar to a degree; marginal genetic associations corroborate the directionality of associations across genetic and epidemiological data. We show a strong genetically defined level of comorbidity between PD and Crohn's disease as well as between PD and schizophrenia, with likely functional consequences of associated variants occurring in brain.

Published
2014

15. Using genome-wide complex trait analysis to quantify 'missing heritability' in Parkinson's disease

Author

Keller, Margaux F, Saad, Mohamad, Schulte, Claudia, Limousin, Patricia, Lopez, Grisel, Lorenz, Delia, McNeill, Alisdair, Moorby, Catriona, Moore, Matthew, Morris, Huw R, Morrison, Karen E, Mudanohwo, Ese, O'Sullivan, Sean S, Moskvina, Valentina, Pearson, Justin, Perlmutter, Joel S, Pétursson, Hjörvar, Pollak, Pierre, Post, Bart, Potter, Simon, Ravina, Bernard, Revesz, Tamas, Riess, Olaf, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Durr, Alexandra, Rizzu, Patrizia, Ryten, Mina, Sawcer, Stephen, Schapira, Anthony, Scheffer, Hans, Shaw, Karen, Shoulson, Ira, Sidransky, Ellen, Smith, Colin, Spencer, Chris C A, Holmans, Peter, Stefánsson, Hreinn, Steinberg, Stacy, Stockton, Joanna D, Strange, Amy, Talbot, Kevin, Tanner, Carlie M, Tashakkori-Ghanbaria, Avazeh, Tison, François, Trabzuni, Daniah, Traynor, Bryan J, Kilarski, Laura L, Uitterlinden, André G, Velseboer, Daan, Vidailhet, Marie, Walker, Robert, van de Warrenburg, Bart, Wickremaratchi, Mirdhu, Williams, Nigel, Williams-Gray, Caroline H, Winder-Rhodes, Sophie, Stefánsson, Kári, Guerreiro, Rita, Martinez, Maria, Sabatier, Paul, Hardy, John, Brice, Alexis, Singleton, Andrew B, Wood, Nicholas W, Donnelly, Peter, Barroso, Ines, Blackwell, Jenefer M, Bramon, Elvira, Hernandez, Dena G, Brown, Matthew A, Casas, Juan P, Corvin, Aiden, Deloukas, Panos, Duncanson, Audrey, Jankowski, Janusz, Markus, Hugh S, Mathew, Christopher G, Palmer, Colin N A, Plomin, Robert, Rautanen, Anna, Sawcer, Stephen J, Trembath, Richard C, Viswanathan, Ananth C, Band, Gavin, Bellenguez, Céline, Freeman, Colin, Hellenthal, Garrett, Ylikotila, Pauli, Giannoulatou, Eleni, Pirinen, Matti, Pearson, Richard, Su, Zhan, Vukcevic, Damjan, Langford, Cordelia, Hunt, Sarah E, Edkins, Sarah, Gwilliam, Rhian, Blackburn, Hannah, Bumpstead, Suzannah J, Dronov, Serge, Gillman, Matthew, Gray, Emma, Hammond, Naomi, Jayakumar, Alagurevathi, McCann, Owen T, Liddle, Jennifer, Bras, Jose, Majamaa, Kari, Potter, Simon C, Ravindrarajah, Radhi, Ricketts, Michelle, Waller, Matthew, Weston, Paul, Widaa, Sara, Whittaker, Pamela, Gasser, Thomas, Heutink, Peter, Nalls, Michael A, Bettella, Francesco, Consortium, International Parkinson's Disease Genomics, 2, Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, Plagnol, Vincent, Sheerin, Una-Marie, Simón-Sánchez, Javier, Lesage, Suzanne, Sveinbjörnsdóttir, Sigurlaug, Nicolaou, Nayia, Arepalli, Sampath, Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, Berendse, Henk W, Berg, Daniela, Bhatia, Kailash, de Bie, Rob M A, Biffi, Alessandro, Bloem, Bas, Bochdanovits, Zoltan, Bonin, Michael, Brockmann, Kathrin, Brooks, Janet, Burn, David J, Charlesworth, Gavin, Chen, Honglei, Chinnery, Patrick F, Chong, Sean, Clarke, Carl E, Cookson, Mark R, Mittag, Florian, Cooper, J Mark, Corvol, Jean Christophe, Counsell, Carl, Damier, Philippe, Dartigues, Jean-François, Segalen, Victor, Deuschl, Günther, Dexter, David T, van Dijk, Karin D, Büchel, Finja, Dillman, Allissa, Durif, Frank, Montpied, Gabriel, Evans, Jonathan R, Foltynie, Thomas, Gao, Jianjun, Gardner, Michelle, Gibbs, J Raphael, Goate, Alison, Sharma, Manu, Gústafsson, Omar, Harris, Clare, van Hilten, Jacobus J, Hofman, Albert, Hollenbeck, Albert, Holton, Janice, Hu, Michele, Huang, Xuemei, Huber, Heiko, Hudson, Gavin, Huttenlocher, Johanna, Illig, Thomas, Jónsson, Pálmi V, Lambert, Jean-Charles, Lees, Andrew, Lichtner, Peter, ANS - Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurology, ACS - Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Graduate School, Human genetics, and NCA - Neurodegeneration

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Multifactorial Inheritance, Parkinson's disease, Functional Neurogenomics Human Movement & Fatigue [DCN 2], Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Genome-wide association study, Quantitative trait locus, Biology, Genome, White People, 03 medical and health sciences, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, 0302 clinical medicine, genetics [Parkinson Disease], Missing heritability problem, Molecular genetics, ddc:570, medicine, Genetics, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Molecular Biology, Genetics (clinical), Aged, 030304 developmental biology, Genetic association, Aged, 80 and over, 0303 health sciences, Association Studies Articles, Genetic Variation, Family aggregation, Parkinson Disease, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Heritability, medicine.disease, Corrigenda, 3. Good health, genetics [European Continental Ancestry Group], Human Movement & Fatigue [DCN MP - Plasticity and memory NCEBP 10], Female, Trait analysis, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Imputation (genetics), Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 110130.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been successful at identifying single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) highly associated with common traits; however, a great deal of the heritable variation associated with common traits remains unaccounted for within the genome. Genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA) is a statistical method that applies a linear mixed model to estimate phenotypic variance of complex traits explained by genome-wide SNPs, including those not associated with the trait in a GWAS. We applied GCTA to 8 cohorts containing 7096 case and 19 455 control individuals of European ancestry in order to examine the missing heritability present in Parkinson's disease (PD). We meta-analyzed our initial results to produce robust heritability estimates for PD types across cohorts. Our results identify 27% (95% CI 17-38, P = 8.08E - 08) phenotypic variance associated with all types of PD, 15% (95% CI -0.2 to 33, P = 0.09) phenotypic variance associated with early-onset PD and 31% (95% CI 17-44, P = 1.34E - 05) phenotypic variance associated with late-onset PD. This is a substantial increase from the genetic variance identified by top GWAS hits alone (between 3 and 5%) and indicates there are substantially more risk loci to be identified. Our results suggest that although GWASs are a useful tool in identifying the most common variants associated with complex disease, a great deal of common variants of small effect remain to be discovered.

Published
2012

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