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1,820 results on '"Venkatesan, A."'

1. The role of APOBEC3B in lung tumor evolution and targeted cancer therapy resistance

Author

Caswell, Deborah R, Gui, Philippe, Mayekar, Manasi K, Law, Emily K, Pich, Oriol, Bailey, Chris, Boumelha, Jesse, Kerr, D Lucas, Blakely, Collin M, Manabe, Tadashi, Martinez-Ruiz, Carlos, Bakker, Bjorn, De Dios Palomino Villcas, Juan, I. Vokes, Natalie, Dietzen, Michelle, Angelova, Mihaela, Gini, Beatrice, Tamaki, Whitney, Allegakoen, Paul, Wu, Wei, Humpton, Timothy J, Hill, William, Tomaschko, Mona, Lu, Wei-Ting, Haderk, Franziska, Al Bakir, Maise, Nagano, Ai, Gimeno-Valiente, Francisco, de Carné Trécesson, Sophie, Vendramin, Roberto, Barbè, Vittorio, Mugabo, Miriam, Weeden, Clare E, Rowan, Andrew, McCoach, Caroline E, Almeida, Bruna, Green, Mary, Gomez, Carlos, Nanjo, Shigeki, Barbosa, Dora, Moore, Chris, Przewrocka, Joanna, Black, James RM, Grönroos, Eva, Suarez-Bonnet, Alejandro, Priestnall, Simon L, Zverev, Caroline, Lighterness, Scott, Cormack, James, Olivas, Victor, Cech, Lauren, Andrews, Trisha, Rule, Brandon, Jiao, Yuwei, Zhang, Xinzhu, Ashford, Paul, Durfee, Cameron, Venkatesan, Subramanian, Temiz, Nuri Alpay, Tan, Lisa, Larson, Lindsay K, Argyris, Prokopios P, Brown, William L, Yu, Elizabeth A, Rotow, Julia K, Guha, Udayan, Roper, Nitin, Yu, Johnny, Vogel, Rachel I, Thomas, Nicholas J, Marra, Antonio, Selenica, Pier, Yu, Helena, Bakhoum, Samuel F, Chew, Su Kit, Reis-Filho, Jorge S, Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam, Vousden, Karen H, McGranahan, Nicholas, Van Allen, Eliezer M, Kanu, Nnennaya, Harris, Reuben S, Downward, Julian, Bivona, Trever G, and Swanton, Charles

Subjects
Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences, Biological Sciences, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genetics, Agricultural Biotechnology, Biotechnology, Lung Cancer, Lung, Cancer, Women's Health, 5.1 Pharmaceuticals, Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Humans, Animals, Mice, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Lung Neoplasms, Mutation, Up-Regulation, ErbB Receptors, Cytidine Deaminase, Minor Histocompatibility Antigens, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology, Agricultural biotechnology, Bioinformatics and computational biology
Abstract

In this study, the impact of the apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic subunit-like (APOBEC) enzyme APOBEC3B (A3B) on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-driven lung cancer was assessed. A3B expression in EGFR mutant (EGFRmut) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) mouse models constrained tumorigenesis, while A3B expression in tumors treated with EGFR-targeted cancer therapy was associated with treatment resistance. Analyses of human NSCLC models treated with EGFR-targeted therapy showed upregulation of A3B and revealed therapy-induced activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) as an inducer of A3B expression. Significantly reduced viability was observed with A3B deficiency, and A3B was required for the enrichment of APOBEC mutation signatures, in targeted therapy-treated human NSCLC preclinical models. Upregulation of A3B was confirmed in patients with NSCLC treated with EGFR-targeted therapy. This study uncovers the multifaceted roles of A3B in NSCLC and identifies A3B as a potential target for more durable responses to targeted cancer therapy.

Published
2024

2. South Asian medical cohorts reveal strong founder effects and high rates of homozygosity

Author

Wall, Jeffrey D, Sathirapongsasuti, J Fah, Gupta, Ravi, Rasheed, Asif, Venkatesan, Radha, Belsare, Saurabh, Menon, Ramesh, Phalke, Sameer, Mittal, Anuradha, Fang, John, Tanneeru, Deepak, Deshmukh, Manjari, Bassi, Akshi, Robinson, Jacqueline, Chaudhary, Ruchi, Murugan, Sakthivel, ul-Asar, Zameer, Saleem, Imran, Ishtiaq, Unzila, Fatima, Areej, Sheikh, Saqib Shafi, Hameed, Shahid, Ishaq, Mohammad, Rasheed, Syed Zahed, Memon, Fazal-ur-Rehman, Jalal, Anjum, Abbas, Shahid, Frossard, Philippe, Fuchsberger, Christian, Forer, Lukas, Schoenherr, Sebastian, Bei, Qixin, Bhangale, Tushar, Tom, Jennifer, Gadde, Santosh Gopi Krishna, B V, Priya, Naik, Naveen Kumar, Wang, Minxian, Kwok, Pui-Yan, Khera, Amit V, Lakshmi, BR, Butterworth, Adam S, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Danesh, John, di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Naheed, Aliya, Goyal, Vinay, Kandadai, Rukmini M, Kumar, Hrishikesh, Borgohain, Rupam, Mukherjee, Adreesh, Wadia, Pettarusp M, Yadav, Ravi, Desai, Soaham, Kumar, Niraj, Biswas, Atanu, Pal, Pramod Kumar, Muthane, Uday B, Das, Shymal K, Ramprasad, Vedam L, Kukkle, Prashanth L, Seshagiri, Somasekar, Kathiresan, Sekar, Ghosh, Arkasubhra, Mohan, V, Saleheen, Danish, Stawiski, Eric W, and Peterson, Andrew S

Subjects
Genetics, Biotechnology, Clinical Research, Human Genome, Generic health relevance, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Asian People, Bangladesh, Founder Effect, Homozygote, India, Pakistan, South Asian People
Abstract

The benefits of large-scale genetic studies for healthcare of the populations studied are well documented, but these genetic studies have traditionally ignored people from some parts of the world, such as South Asia. Here we describe whole genome sequence (WGS) data from 4806 individuals recruited from the healthcare delivery systems of Pakistan, India and Bangladesh, combined with WGS from 927 individuals from isolated South Asian populations. We characterize population structure in South Asia and describe a genotyping array (SARGAM) and imputation reference panel that are optimized for South Asian genomes. We find evidence for high rates of reproductive isolation, endogamy and consanguinity that vary across the subcontinent and that lead to levels of rare homozygotes that reach 100 times that seen in outbred populations. Founder effects increase the power to associate functional variants with disease processes and make South Asia a uniquely powerful place for population-scale genetic studies.

Published
2023

3. Randomized Clinical Trial of High-Dose Rifampicin With or Without Levofloxacin Versus Standard of Care for Pediatric Tuberculous Meningitis: The TBM-KIDS Trial

Author

Paradkar, Mandar S, D, Bella Devaleenal, Mvalo, Tisungane, Arenivas, Ana, Thakur, Kiran T, Wolf, Lisa, Nimkar, Smita, Inamdar, Sadaf, Giridharan, Prathiksha, Selladurai, Elilarasi, Kinikar, Aarti, Valvi, Chhaya, Khwaja, Saltanat, Gadama, Daphne, Balaji, Sarath, Kattagoni, Krishna Yadav, Venkatesan, Mythily, Savic, Radojka, Swaminathan, Soumya, Gupta, Amita, Gupte, Nikhil, Mave, Vidya, Dooley, Kelly E, Agiwal, Shivali, Ahire, Rupali, Balasubramanian, Usha, Bendre, Manjushree, Chandane, Jyoti, Chopade, Kavita, Dalimbkar, Shamala, Deshpande, Prasad, Dhage, Rajendra, Ithape, Mahesh, Jadhav, Varsha, Kante, Sonali, Kapre, Pallavi, Khan, Nawshaba, Kulkarni, Vandana, Madewar, Renu, Meshram, Shashibhushan, Muttha, Kunal, Nadgeri, Vaishali, Nagargoje, Arti, Nagraj, Amita, Nijampurkar, Aparna, Onawale, Prerana, Pawar, Namrata, Pawar, Prashant, Pradhan, Neeta, Shaikh, Varsha, Shaikh, Zaheda, Shere, Dhananjay, Wani, Gouri, Kulkarni, Rajesh, Rajput, Uday, Ganesan, Mangalambal, Arasan, Gunasundari, Shankar, Shakila, Mary, S Stella, Karuppaiah, Sureshwari, Pauline, Leema, Pramila, Snegha Karunakaran, Arul, Priyadharshini, Ganesh, Sankar, Hanna, Luke Elizabeth, Ramesh, K, Kannan, M, Vijayakumar, Ruthra, Sivakumar, Surekha S, Devika, K, Radhakrishnan, A, Preethi, AR, Rajkumar, S, Saravanan, N, Ramachandran, Geetha, Kumar, AK Hemanth, Dharman, M, Sudha, V, Hissar, Syed, Nagarajan, Valarmathi, Jennifer, Linda, Supriya, R, Manimegalai, R, Kandan, Santhanam, Maniselvi, Archana, Puspha, Oli, Vaishnavi, S, Selvi, R, Neelakandan, Logeswari, Chiunda, Mary, Chunga, Moreen, Kamanga, Madalo, Kamthunzi, Portia, Kanthiti, Elizabeth, Mbewe, Abineli, Msiska, Emmie, Mumba, Noel, Phiri, Ian Zifa, Palichina, Victor, and Sichali, Dorothy

Subjects
Pediatric, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Clinical Research, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Child, Humans, Rifampin, Tuberculosis, Meningeal, Levofloxacin, Ethambutol, Antitubercular Agents, Standard of Care, pediatric tuberculous meningitis, neuropsychological, clinical trial, levofloxacin, high-dose rifampicin, TuBerculous Meningitis in Kids (TBM-KIDS) Study Team, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology
Abstract

BackgroundPediatric tuberculous meningitis (TBM) commonly causes death or disability. In adults, high-dose rifampicin may reduce mortality. The role of fluoroquinolones remains unclear. There have been no antimicrobial treatment trials for pediatric TBM.MethodsTBM-KIDS was a phase 2 open-label randomized trial among children with TBM in India and Malawi. Participants received isoniazid and pyrazinamide plus: (i) high-dose rifampicin (30 mg/kg) and ethambutol (R30HZE, arm 1); (ii) high-dose rifampicin and levofloxacin (R30HZL, arm 2); or (iii) standard-dose rifampicin and ethambutol (R15HZE, arm 3) for 8 weeks, followed by 10 months of standard treatment. Functional and neurocognitive outcomes were measured longitudinally using Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) and Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL).ResultsOf 2487 children prescreened, 79 were screened and 37 enrolled. Median age was 72 months; 49%, 43%, and 8% had stage I, II, and III disease, respectively. Grade 3 or higher adverse events occurred in 58%, 55%, and 36% of children in arms 1, 2, and 3, with 1 death (arm 1) and 6 early treatment discontinuations (4 in arm 1, 1 each in arms 2 and 3). By week 8, all children recovered to MRS score of 0 or 1. Average MSEL scores were significantly better in arm 1 than arm 3 in fine motor, receptive language, and expressive language domains (P

Published
2022

4. Autoimmune encephalitis: proposed best practice recommendations for diagnosis and acute management.

Author

Abboud, Hesham, Probasco, John C, Irani, Sarosh, Ances, Beau, Benavides, David R, Bradshaw, Michael, Christo, Paulo Pereira, Dale, Russell C, Fernandez-Fournier, Mireya, Flanagan, Eoin P, Gadoth, Avi, George, Pravin, Grebenciucova, Elena, Jammoul, Adham, Lee, Soon-Tae, Li, Yuebing, Matiello, Marcelo, Morse, Anne Marie, Rae-Grant, Alexander, Rojas, Galeno, Rossman, Ian, Schmitt, Sarah, Venkatesan, Arun, Vernino, Steven, Pittock, Sean J, Titulaer, Maarten J, and Autoimmune Encephalitis Alliance Clinicians Network

Subjects
Autoimmune Encephalitis Alliance Clinicians Network, Humans, Encephalitis, Autoimmune Diseases, Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Immunoglobulins, Intravenous, Treatment Outcome, Plasmapheresis, autoimmune encephalitis, neuroimmunology, paraneoplastic syndrome, Clinical Research, Autoimmune Disease, Brain Disorders, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery
Abstract

The objective of this paper is to evaluate available evidence for each step in autoimmune encephalitis management and provide expert opinion when evidence is lacking. The paper approaches autoimmune encephalitis as a broad category rather than focusing on individual antibody syndromes. Core authors from the Autoimmune Encephalitis Alliance Clinicians Network reviewed literature and developed the first draft. Where evidence was lacking or controversial, an electronic survey was distributed to all members to solicit individual responses. Sixty-eight members from 17 countries answered the survey. Corticosteroids alone or combined with other agents (intravenous IG or plasmapheresis) were selected as a first-line therapy by 84% of responders for patients with a general presentation, 74% for patients presenting with faciobrachial dystonic seizures, 63% for NMDAR-IgG encephalitis and 48.5% for classical paraneoplastic encephalitis. Half the responders indicated they would add a second-line agent only if there was no response to more than one first-line agent, 32% indicated adding a second-line agent if there was no response to one first-line agent, while only 15% indicated using a second-line agent in all patients. As for the preferred second-line agent, 80% of responders chose rituximab while only 10% chose cyclophosphamide in a clinical scenario with unknown antibodies. Detailed survey results are presented in the manuscript and a summary of the diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations is presented at the conclusion.

Published
2021

5. Dysregulation of hsa-miR-34a and hsa-miR-449a leads to overexpression of PACS-1 and loss of DNA damage response (DDR) in cervical cancer

Author

Veena, Mysore S, Raychaudhuri, Santanu, Basak, Saroj K, Venkatesan, Natarajan, Kumar, Parameet, Biswas, Roopa, Chakrabarti, Rita, Lu, Jing, Su, Trent, Gallagher-Jones, Marcus, Morselli, Marco, Fu, Haiqing, Pellegrini, Matteo, Goldstein, Theodore, Aladjem, Mirit I, Rettig, Matthew B, Wilczynski, Sharon P, Shin, Daniel Sanghoon, and Srivatsan, Eri S

Subjects
Biotechnology, Genetics, Cancer, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, DNA Damage, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Female, G1 Phase, HeLa Cells, Humans, MicroRNAs, RNA, Neoplasm, S Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Vesicular Transport Proteins, PACS-1, cervical cancer, hsa-miRNA-34a, hsa-miR-449a, DNA damage response, p53 acetylation, nuclear translocation, genome stability, cancer biology, oncogene, tumor, tumor suppressor gene, nuclear transport, trafficking protein, Hela Cells, Chemical Sciences, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Abstract

We have observed overexpression of PACS-1, a cytosolic sorting protein in primary cervical tumors. Absence of exonic mutations and overexpression at the RNA level suggested a transcriptional and/or posttranscriptional regulation. University of California Santa Cruz genome browser analysis of PACS-1 micro RNAs (miR), revealed two 8-base target sequences at the 3' terminus for hsa-miR-34a and hsa-miR-449a. Quantitative RT-PCR and Northern blotting studies showed reduced or loss of expression of the two microRNAs in cervical cancer cell lines and primary tumors, indicating dysregulation of these two microRNAs in cervical cancer. Loss of PACS-1 with siRNA or exogenous expression of hsa-miR-34a or hsa-miR-449a in HeLa and SiHa cervical cancer cell lines resulted in DNA damage response, S-phase cell cycle arrest, and reduction in cell growth. Furthermore, the siRNA studies showed that loss of PACS-1 expression was accompanied by increased nuclear γH2AX expression, Lys382-p53 acetylation, and genomic instability. PACS-1 re-expression through LNA-hsa-anti-miR-34a or -449a or through PACS-1 cDNA transfection led to the reversal of DNA damage response and restoration of cell growth. Release of cells post 24-h serum starvation showed PACS-1 nuclear localization at G1-S phase of the cell cycle. Our results therefore indicate that the loss of hsa-miR-34a and hsa-miR-449a expression in cervical cancer leads to overexpression of PACS-1 and suppression of DNA damage response, resulting in the development of chemo-resistant tumors.

Published
2020

6. Modelling the COVID-19 pandemic in context: an international participatory approach

Author

Aguas, Ricardo, White, Lisa, Hupert, Nathaniel, Shretta, Rima, Pan-Ngum, Wirichada, Celhay, Olivier, Moldokmatova, Ainura, Arifi, Fatima, Mirzazadeh, Ali, Sharifi, Hamid, Adib, Keyrellous, Sahak, Mohammad Nadir, Franco, Caroline, Coutinho, Renato, Ariana, Proochista, Hancock, Penny, Kraenkel, Roberto A, Saralamba, Sompob, Luangasanatip, Nantasit, Silal, Sheetal Prakash, Norman, Jared, Hounsell, Rachel, Tun, Sai, Aung, Yu Nandar, Emmanuel, A Bakare, Getachew, Biniam, Adele, Sandra, Omoleke, Semeeh A, Zaman, Rashid U, Letchford, Nicholas, Parker, Daniel M, Pokharel, Sunil, Lata, Dipti, Chen, Siyu, Kyaw, Shwe Sin, Lubis, Inke ND, Alona, Ivana, Medina, John Robert C, Mercado, Chris Erwin G, Eybpoosh, Sana, Mamadu, Ibrahim, Marzouk, Manar, de Colombi, Nicole Feune, Suárez-Idueta, Lorena, Obando, Francisco, Freitas, Luzia, Klein, Michael G, Scales, David, Aizhan, Dooronbekova, Zhumalieva, Chynar, Estebesova, Aida, Mukambetov, Aibek, Ibragimov, Shamil, Kubatova, Aisuluu, Chanthavialy, Phetsavanh, Salim, Amel H, Venkatesan, Sudhir, Sarin, KC, Shrestha, Priyanka, Saeedzai, Sayed Ataullah, Hsieh, Jenny, Soukavong, Mick, Yunanda, Yuki, Harsono, Handoyo, Fariba, Mahnaz Hossain, Mabombo, Viviana, Advani, Nicole, Jabin, Nusrat, Naidoo, Reshania, Wattanasri, Parinda, Nwosu, Amen-Patrick, and Obiesie, Sopuruchukwu

Subjects
Health Services and Systems, Public Health, Health Sciences, Generic health relevance, Good Health and Well Being, COVID-19, Culture, Delivery of Health Care, Global Health, Health Policy, Humans, Internationality, Models, Theoretical, Pandemics, Research, SARS-CoV-2, Social Class, Uncertainty, health policy, respiratory infections, control strategies, SARS, CoMo Consortium, Health services and systems, Public health
Abstract

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had an unprecedented impact on multiple levels of society. Not only has the pandemic completely overwhelmed some health systems but it has also changed how scientific evidence is shared and increased the pace at which such evidence is published and consumed, by scientists, policymakers and the wider public. More significantly, the pandemic has created tremendous challenges for decision-makers, who have had to implement highly disruptive containment measures with very little empirical scientific evidence to support their decision-making process. Given this lack of data, predictive mathematical models have played an increasingly prominent role. In high-income countries, there is a long-standing history of established research groups advising policymakers, whereas a general lack of translational capacity has meant that mathematical models frequently remain inaccessible to policymakers in low-income and middle-income countries. Here, we describe a participatory approach to modelling that aims to circumvent this gap. Our approach involved the creation of an international group of infectious disease modellers and other public health experts, which culminated in the establishment of the COVID-19 Modelling (CoMo) Consortium. Here, we describe how the consortium was formed, the way it functions, the mathematical model used and, crucially, the high degree of engagement fostered between CoMo Consortium members and their respective local policymakers and ministries of health.

Published
2020

7. The GenomeAsia 100K Project enables genetic discoveries across Asia

Author

Wall, Jeffrey D, Stawiski, Eric W, Ratan, Aakrosh, Kim, Hie Lim, Kim, Changhoon, Gupta, Ravi, Suryamohan, Kushal, Gusareva, Elena S, Purbojati, Rikky Wenang, Bhangale, Tushar, Stepanov, Vadim, Kharkov, Vladimir, Schroeder, Markus S, Ramprasad, Vedam, Tom, Jennifer, Durinck, Steffen, Bei, Qixin, Li, Jiani, Guillory, Joseph, Phalke, Sameer, Basu, Analabha, Stinson, Jeremy, Nair, Sandhya, Malaichamy, Sivasankar, Biswas, Nidhan K, Chambers, John C, Cheng, Keith C, George, Joyner T, Khor, Seik Soon, Kim, Jong-Il, Cho, Belong, Menon, Ramesh, Sattibabu, Thiramsetti, Bassi, Akshi, Deshmukh, Manjari, Verma, Anjali, Gopalan, Vivek, Shin, Jong-Yeon, Pratapneni, Mahesh, Santhosh, Sam, Tokunaga, Katsushi, Md-Zain, Badrul M, Chan, Kok Gan, Parani, Madasamy, Natarajan, Purushothaman, Hauser, Michael, Allingham, R Rand, Santiago-Turla, Cecilia, Ghosh, Arkasubhra, Gadde, Santosh Gopi Krishna, Fuchsberger, Christian, Forer, Lukas, Schoenherr, Sebastian, Sudoyo, Herawati, Lansing, J Stephen, Friedlaender, Jonathan, Koki, George, Cox, Murray P, Hammer, Michael, Karafet, Tatiana, Ang, Khai C, Mehdi, Syed Q, Radha, Venkatesan, Mohan, Viswanathan, Majumder, Partha P, Seshagiri, Somasekar, Seo, Jeong-Sun, Schuster, Stephan C, and Peterson, Andrew S

Subjects
Human Genome, Genetics, Biotechnology, Alleles, Asian People, Datasets as Topic, Genome, Human, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genotype, Humans, GenomeAsia100K Consortium, General Science & Technology
Abstract

The underrepresentation of non-Europeans in human genetic studies so far has limited the diversity of individuals in genomic datasets and led to reduced medical relevance for a large proportion of the world's population. Population-specific reference genome datasets as well as genome-wide association studies in diverse populations are needed to address this issue. Here we describe the pilot phase of the GenomeAsia 100K Project. This includes a whole-genome sequencing reference dataset from 1,739 individuals of 219 population groups and 64 countries across Asia. We catalogue genetic variation, population structure, disease associations and founder effects. We also explore the use of this dataset in imputation, to facilitate genetic studies in populations across Asia and worldwide.

Published
2019

8. Building a neuroinfectious disease consensus curriculum.

Author

Venkatesan, Arun, Chow, Felicia C, Aksamit, Allen, Bartt, Russell, Bleck, Thomas P, Jay, Cheryl, Pastula, Daniel M, Roos, Karen L, Rumbaugh, Jeffrey, Saylor, Deanna, and Cho, Tracey A

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Clinical Sciences, Mental Health, Good Health and Well Being, Central Nervous System Infections, Clinical Competence, Curriculum, Delphi Technique, Humans, Neurology, Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Clinical sciences
Abstract

OBJECTIVE:To delineate a comprehensive curriculum for fellowship training in neuroinfectious diseases, we conducted a modified Delphi approach to reach consensus among 11 experts in the field. METHODS:The authors invited a diverse range of experts from the American Academy of Neurology Neuro-Infectious Diseases (AAN Neuro-ID) Section to participate in a consensus process using a modified Delphi technique. RESULTS:A comprehensive list of topics was generated with 101 initial items. Through 3 rounds of voting and discussion, a curriculum with 83 items reached consensus. CONCLUSIONS:The modified Delphi technique provides an efficient and rigorous means to reach consensus on topics requiring expert opinion. The AAN Neuro-ID section provided the pool of diverse experts, the infrastructure, and the community through which to accomplish the consensus project successfully. This process could be applied to other subspecialties and sections at the AAN.

Published
2019

9. Next-generation characterization of the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia

Author

Ghandi, Mahmoud, Huang, Franklin W, Jané-Valbuena, Judit, Kryukov, Gregory V, Lo, Christopher C, McDonald, E Robert, Barretina, Jordi, Gelfand, Ellen T, Bielski, Craig M, Li, Haoxin, Hu, Kevin, Andreev-Drakhlin, Alexander Y, Kim, Jaegil, Hess, Julian M, Haas, Brian J, Aguet, François, Weir, Barbara A, Rothberg, Michael V, Paolella, Brenton R, Lawrence, Michael S, Akbani, Rehan, Lu, Yiling, Tiv, Hong L, Gokhale, Prafulla C, de Weck, Antoine, Mansour, Ali Amin, Oh, Coyin, Shih, Juliann, Hadi, Kevin, Rosen, Yanay, Bistline, Jonathan, Venkatesan, Kavitha, Reddy, Anupama, Sonkin, Dmitriy, Liu, Manway, Lehar, Joseph, Korn, Joshua M, Porter, Dale A, Jones, Michael D, Golji, Javad, Caponigro, Giordano, Taylor, Jordan E, Dunning, Caitlin M, Creech, Amanda L, Warren, Allison C, McFarland, James M, Zamanighomi, Mahdi, Kauffmann, Audrey, Stransky, Nicolas, Imielinski, Marcin, Maruvka, Yosef E, Cherniack, Andrew D, Tsherniak, Aviad, Vazquez, Francisca, Jaffe, Jacob D, Lane, Andrew A, Weinstock, David M, Johannessen, Cory M, Morrissey, Michael P, Stegmeier, Frank, Schlegel, Robert, Hahn, William C, Getz, Gad, Mills, Gordon B, Boehm, Jesse S, Golub, Todd R, Garraway, Levi A, and Sellers, William R

Subjects
Genetics, Human Genome, Lung, Cancer, Biotechnology, Lung Cancer, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Good Health and Well Being, Antineoplastic Agents, Biomarkers, Tumor, Cell Line, Tumor, DNA Methylation, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Ethnicity, Gene Editing, Histones, Humans, MicroRNAs, Molecular Targeted Therapy, Neoplasms, Protein Array Analysis, RNA Splicing, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Large panels of comprehensively characterized human cancer models, including the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), have provided a rigorous framework with which to study genetic variants, candidate targets, and small-molecule and biological therapeutics and to identify new marker-driven cancer dependencies. To improve our understanding of the molecular features that contribute to cancer phenotypes, including drug responses, here we have expanded the characterizations of cancer cell lines to include genetic, RNA splicing, DNA methylation, histone H3 modification, microRNA expression and reverse-phase protein array data for 1,072 cell lines from individuals of various lineages and ethnicities. Integration of these data with functional characterizations such as drug-sensitivity, short hairpin RNA knockdown and CRISPR-Cas9 knockout data reveals potential targets for cancer drugs and associated biomarkers. Together, this dataset and an accompanying public data portal provide a resource for the acceleration of cancer research using model cancer cell lines.

Published
2019

10. Clinicopathology conference: 41‐year‐old woman with chronic relapsing meningitis

Author

Beck, Erin S, Ramachandran, Prashanth S, Khan, Lillian M, Sample, Hannah A, Zorn, Kelsey C, O'Connell, Elise M, Nash, Theodore, Reich, Daniel S, Venkatesan, Arun, DeRisi, Joseph L, Nath, Avindra, and Wilson, Michael R

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Clinical Sciences, Adult, Animals, Anticestodal Agents, Arachnoiditis, Cestoda, Cestode Infections, Chronic Disease, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Lumbar Vertebrae, Meningitis, Bacterial, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Recurrence, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Clinical sciences
Published
2019

11. Neonatal diabetes with a rare LRBA mutation

Author

Arti Yadav, Rakesh Kumar, Amit Rawat, and Radha Venkatesan

Subjects
Mutation, Glyburide, Infant, Newborn, Diabetes Mellitus, Infant, Humans, General Medicine, Pancreas, Infant, Newborn, Diseases, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
Abstract

Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is characterised by onset of persistent hyperglycaemia within the first 6 months of life. NDM is frequently caused by a mutation in a single gene affecting pancreatic beta cell function. We report an infant, born to a non-consanguineous couple, who presented with osmotic symptoms and diabetic ketoacidosis. The genetic analysis showed a mutation in LRBA (lipopolysaccharide-responsive and beige-like anchor protein) gene. We highlight the importance of considering genetic analysis in every infant with NDM, to understand the nature of genetic mutation, associated comorbidities, response to glibenclamide and future prognosis.

Published
2024

12. Chromosomal instability drives metastasis through a cytosolic DNA response

Author

Bakhoum, Samuel F, Ngo, Bryan, Laughney, Ashley M, Cavallo, Julie-Ann, Murphy, Charles J, Ly, Peter, Shah, Pragya, Sriram, Roshan K, Watkins, Thomas BK, Taunk, Neil K, Duran, Mercedes, Pauli, Chantal, Shaw, Christine, Chadalavada, Kalyani, Rajasekhar, Vinagolu K, Genovese, Giulio, Venkatesan, Subramanian, Birkbak, Nicolai J, McGranahan, Nicholas, Lundquist, Mark, LaPlant, Quincey, Healey, John H, Elemento, Olivier, Chung, Christine H, Lee, Nancy Y, Imielenski, Marcin, Nanjangud, Gouri, Pe’er, Dana, Cleveland, Don W, Powell, Simon N, Lammerding, Jan, Swanton, Charles, and Cantley, Lewis C

Subjects
Genetics, HIV/AIDS, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Cancer, Animals, Brain Neoplasms, Breast Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Cell Line, Chromosomal Instability, Chromosome Segregation, Cytosol, DNA, Neoplasm, Female, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Humans, Inflammation, Membrane Proteins, Mesoderm, Mice, Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective, NF-kappa B, Neoplasm Metastasis, Nucleotidyltransferases, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Chromosomal instability is a hallmark of cancer that results from ongoing errors in chromosome segregation during mitosis. Although chromosomal instability is a major driver of tumour evolution, its role in metastasis has not been established. Here we show that chromosomal instability promotes metastasis by sustaining a tumour cell-autonomous response to cytosolic DNA. Errors in chromosome segregation create a preponderance of micronuclei whose rupture spills genomic DNA into the cytosol. This leads to the activation of the cGAS-STING (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes) cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway and downstream noncanonical NF-κB signalling. Genetic suppression of chromosomal instability markedly delays metastasis even in highly aneuploid tumour models, whereas continuous chromosome segregation errors promote cellular invasion and metastasis in a STING-dependent manner. By subverting lethal epithelial responses to cytosolic DNA, chromosomally unstable tumour cells co-opt chronic activation of innate immune pathways to spread to distant organs.

Published
2018

13. Ligand-activated BMP signaling inhibits cell differentiation and death to promote melanoma

Author

Venkatesan, Arvind M, Vyas, Rajesh, Gramann, Alec K, Dresser, Karen, Gujja, Sharvari, Bhatnagar, Sanchita, Chhangawala, Sagar, Gomes, Camilla Borges Ferreira, Xi, Hualin Simon, Lian, Christine G, Houvras, Yariv, Edwards, Yvonne JK, Deng, April, Green, Michael, and Ceol, Craig J

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer, Genetics, Animals, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, Cell Differentiation, Cell Line, Tumor, Female, Growth Differentiation Factor 6, HEK293 Cells, Humans, Ligands, Melanoma, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Nude, Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor, Neoplasm Proteins, Signal Transduction, Development, Oncology, Medical and Health Sciences, Immunology, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

Oncogenomic studies indicate that copy number variation (CNV) alters genes involved in tumor progression; however, identification of specific driver genes affected by CNV has been difficult, as these rearrangements are often contained in large chromosomal intervals among several bystander genes. Here, we addressed this problem and identified a CNV-targeted oncogene by performing comparative oncogenomics of human and zebrafish melanomas. We determined that the gene encoding growth differentiation factor 6 (GDF6), which is the ligand for the BMP family, is recurrently amplified and transcriptionally upregulated in melanoma. GDF6-induced BMP signaling maintained a trunk neural crest gene signature in melanomas. Additionally, GDF6 repressed the melanocyte differentiation gene MITF and the proapoptotic factor SOX9, thereby preventing differentiation, inhibiting cell death, and promoting tumor growth. GDF6 was specifically expressed in melanomas but not melanocytes. Moreover, GDF6 expression levels in melanomas were inversely correlated with patient survival. Our study has identified a fundamental role for GDF6 and BMP signaling in governing an embryonic cell gene signature to promote melanoma progression, thus providing potential opportunities for targeted therapy to treat GDF6-positive cancers.

Published
2018

14. Treatment-Induced Mutagenesis and Selective Pressures Sculpt Cancer Evolution

Author

Venkatesan, Subramanian, Swanton, Charles, Taylor, Barry S, and Costello, Joseph F

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer, Genetics, Rare Diseases, Orphan Drug, Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 5.1 Pharmaceuticals, Clonal Evolution, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Genetic Heterogeneity, Humans, Molecular Targeted Therapy, Mutagenesis, Mutation, Neoplasms, Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Medical Microbiology, Medical Physiology, Medical biochemistry and metabolomics, Medical microbiology, Medical physiology
Abstract

Despite the great progress in our understanding of the molecular basis of human cancer, the heterogeneity of individual tumors and the evolutionary pressures imposed by therapy have hampered our ability to effectively eradicate and control this disease. How, therefore, do cancers evolve under the selective pressures of cancer therapy? Recent studies have linked both primary (or de novo) and acquired treatment resistance to intratumor heterogeneity and clonal evolution. Resistance to targeted therapies often includes mutation of the drug target itself and aberrations of pathways upstream of, downstream from, or parallel to the drug target. For systemic chemotherapies, discrete and recurrent resistance-conferring genetic aberrations have eluded the community, due in part to their wide-ranging mutagenic effects. In this review, we discuss different patterns of clonal evolution during treatment-specific selective pressures and focus on the genetic mechanisms of treatment resistance that have emerged to both targeted therapies and chemotherapies.

Published
2017

15. Duration of Androgen Deprivation in Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer: Long-Term Update of NRG Oncology RTOG 9202

Author

Lawton, Colleen AF, Lin, Xiaolei, Hanks, Gerald E, Lepor, Herbert, Grignon, David J, Brereton, Harmar D, Bedi, Meena, Rosenthal, Seth A, Zeitzer, Kenneth L, Venkatesan, Varagur M, Horwitz, Eric M, Pisansky, Thomas M, Kim, Harold, Parliament, Matthew B, Rabinovitch, Rachel, Roach, Mack, Kwok, Young, Dignam, James J, and Sandler, Howard M

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Clinical Research, Urologic Diseases, Prostate Cancer, Cancer, Aging, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Good Health and Well Being, Adenocarcinoma, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Androgen Antagonists, Combined Modality Therapy, Disease-Free Survival, Flutamide, Follow-Up Studies, Goserelin, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prostate-Specific Antigen, Prostatic Neoplasms, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Other Physical Sciences, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Oncology and carcinogenesis, Theoretical and computational chemistry, Medical and biological physics
Abstract

PurposeTrial RTOG 9202 was a phase 3 randomized trial designed to determine the optimal duration of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) when combined with definitive radiation therapy (RT) in the treatment of locally advanced nonmetastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Long-term follow-up results of this study now available are relevant to the management of this disease.Methods and materialsMen (N=1554) with adenocarcinoma of the prostate (cT2c-T4, N0-Nx) with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

Published
2017

16. Tremelimumab in combination with ablation in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

Author

Duffy, Austin G, Ulahannan, Susanna V, Makorova-Rusher, Oxana, Rahma, Osama, Wedemeyer, Heiner, Pratt, Drew, Davis, Jeremy L, Hughes, Marybeth S, Heller, Theo, ElGindi, Mei, Uppala, Ashish, Korangy, Firouzeh, Kleiner, David E, Figg, William D, Venzon, David, Steinberg, Seth M, Venkatesan, Aradhana M, Krishnasamy, Venkatesh, Abi-Jaoudeh, Nadine, Levy, Elliot, Wood, Brad J, and Greten, Tim F

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Immunology, Infectious Diseases, Liver Disease, Cancer, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Clinical Research, Digestive Diseases, Liver Cancer, Rare Diseases, 5.1 Pharmaceuticals, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Good Health and Well Being, Ablation Techniques, Adult, Aged, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Antineoplastic Agents, CTLA-4 Antigen, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, Combined Modality Therapy, Female, Humans, Liver Neoplasms, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Immune checkpoint, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Immune, T-Lymphocytes, Liver cirrhosis, Public Health and Health Services, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Clinical sciences
Abstract

Background & aimsTremelimumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) on the surface of activated T lymphocytes. Ablative therapies induce a peripheral immune response which may enhance the effect of anti-CTLA4 treatment in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to demonstrate whether tremelimumab could be combined safely and feasibly with ablation.MethodsThirty-two patients with HCC were enrolled: male:female: 28:4; median age: 62 (range 36-76). Patients were given tremelimumab at two dose levels (3.5 and 10mg/kg i.v.) every 4weeks for 6 doses, followed by 3-monthly infusions until off-treatment criteria were met. On day 36, patients underwent subtotal radiofrequency ablation or chemoablation. Staging was performed by contrast-enhanced CT or MRI scan every 8weeks.ResultsNo dose-limiting toxicities were encountered. The most common toxicity was pruritus. Of the 19 evaluable patients, five (26.3%; 95% CI: 9.1-51.2%) achieved a confirmed partial response. Twelve of 14 patients with quantifiable HCV experienced a marked reduction in viral load. Six-week tumor biopsies showed a clear increase in CD8+ T cells in patients showing a clinical benefit only. Six and 12-month probabilities of tumor progression free survival for this refractory HCC population were 57.1% and 33.1% respectively, with median time to tumor progression of 7.4months (95% CI 4.7 to 19.4months). Median overall survival was 12.3months (95% CI 9.3 to 15.4months).ConclusionsTremelimumab in combination with tumor ablation is a potential new treatment for patients with advanced HCC, and leads to the accumulation of intratumoral CD8+ T cells. Positive clinical activity was seen, with a possible surrogate reduction in HCV viral load.Lay summaryStudies have shown that the killing of tumors by direct methods (known as ablation) can result in the immune system being activated or switched on. The immune system could potentially also recognize and kill the cancer that is left behind. There are new drugs available known as immune checkpoint inhibitors which could enhance this effect. Here, we test one of these drugs (tremelimumab) together with ablation.Clinical trial numberClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01853618.

Published
2017

17. Cystatin E/M Suppresses Tumor Cell Growth through Cytoplasmic Retention of NF-κB

Author

Soh, Hendrick, Venkatesan, Natarajan, Veena, Mysore S, Ravichandran, Sandhiya, Zinabadi, Alborz, Basak, Saroj K, Parvatiyar, Kislay, Srivastava, Meera, Liang, Li-Jung, Gjertson, David W, Torres, Jorge Z, Moatamed, Neda A, and Srivatsan, Eri S

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Biological Sciences, Genetics, Cancer, Cervical Cancer, Biotechnology, Animals, Cathepsin L, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation, Cystatin M, Cytoplasm, Doxycycline, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Genetic Vectors, HeLa Cells, Humans, I-kappa B Proteins, Lentivirus, Mice, Mice, Nude, NF-kappa B, Neoplasm Transplantation, Phosphorylation, Signal Transduction, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Hela Cells, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

We and others have shown that the cystatin E/M gene is inactivated in primary human tumors, pointing to its role as a tumor suppressor gene. However, the molecular mechanism of tumor suppression is not yet understood. Using plasmid-directed cystatin E/M gene overexpression, a lentivirus-mediated tetracycline-inducible vector system, and human papillomavirus 16 (HPV 16) E6 and E7 gene-immortalized normal human epidermal keratinocytes, we demonstrated intracellular and non-cell-autonomous apoptotic growth inhibition of tumor cell lines and that growth inhibition is associated with cytoplasmic retention of NF-κB. We further demonstrated decreased phosphorylation of IκB kinase (IKKβ) and IκBα in the presence of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), confirming the role of cystatin E/M in the regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Growth suppression of nude mouse xenograft tumors carrying a tetracycline-inducible vector system was observed with the addition of doxycycline in drinking water, confirming that the cystatin E/M gene is a tumor suppressor gene. Finally, immunohistochemical analyses of cervical carcinoma in situ and primary tumors have shown a statistically significant inverse relationship between the expression of cystatin E/M and cathepsin L and a direct relationship between the loss of cystatin E/M expression and nuclear expression of NF-κB. We therefore propose that the cystatin E/M suppressor gene plays an important role in the regulation of NF-κB.

Published
2016

18. A clinical approach to diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis

Author

Graus, Francesc, Titulaer, Maarten J, Balu, Ramani, Benseler, Susanne, Bien, Christian G, Cellucci, Tania, Cortese, Irene, Dale, Russell C, Gelfand, Jeffrey M, Geschwind, Michael, Glaser, Carol A, Honnorat, Jerome, Höftberger, Romana, Iizuka, Takahiro, Irani, Sarosh R, Lancaster, Eric, Leypoldt, Frank, Prüss, Harald, Rae-Grant, Alexander, Reindl, Markus, Rosenfeld, Myrna R, Rostásy, Kevin, Saiz, Albert, Venkatesan, Arun, Vincent, Angela, Wandinger, Klaus-Peter, Waters, Patrick, and Dalmau, Josep

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Immunization, Prevention, Clinical Research, Autoimmune Disease, Brain Disorders, Vaccine Related, Neurosciences, Neurodegenerative, 4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies, 4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies, Detection, screening and diagnosis, Metabolic and endocrine, Inflammatory and immune system, Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System, Encephalitis, Humans, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Clinical sciences
Abstract

Encephalitis is a severe inflammatory disorder of the brain with many possible causes and a complex differential diagnosis. Advances in autoimmune encephalitis research in the past 10 years have led to the identification of new syndromes and biomarkers that have transformed the diagnostic approach to these disorders. However, existing criteria for autoimmune encephalitis are too reliant on antibody testing and response to immunotherapy, which might delay the diagnosis. We reviewed the literature and gathered the experience of a team of experts with the aims of developing a practical, syndrome-based diagnostic approach to autoimmune encephalitis and providing guidelines to navigate through the differential diagnosis. Because autoantibody test results and response to therapy are not available at disease onset, we based the initial diagnostic approach on neurological assessment and conventional tests that are accessible to most clinicians. Through logical differential diagnosis, levels of evidence for autoimmune encephalitis (possible, probable, or definite) are achieved, which can lead to prompt immunotherapy.

Published
2016

19. Epidural Electrical Stimulation for Stroke Rehabilitation: Results of the Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized, Single-Blinded Everest Trial.

Author

Levy, Robert M, Harvey, Richard L, Kissela, Brett M, Winstein, Carolee J, Lutsep, Helmi L, Parrish, Todd B, Cramer, Steven C, and Venkatesan, Lalit

Subjects
Motor Cortex, Humans, Electric Stimulation Therapy, Prospective Studies, Single-Blind Method, Adult, Aged, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Stroke Rehabilitation, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, cortical stimulation, hemiparesis, rehabilitation, stroke, Clinical Research, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Physical Rehabilitation, Patient Safety, Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Stroke, Brain Disorders, 6.7 Physical, Clinical Sciences, Cognitive Sciences
Abstract

BackgroundThis prospective, single-blinded, multicenter study assessed the safety and efficacy of electrical epidural motor cortex stimulation (EECS) in improving upper limb motor function of ischemic stroke patients with moderate to moderately severe hemiparesis.MethodsPatients ≥ 4 months poststroke were randomized 2:1 to an investigational (n = 104) or control (n = 60) group, respectively. Investigational patients were implanted (n = 94) with an epidural 6-contact lead perpendicular to the primary motor cortex and a pulse generator. Both groups underwent 6 weeks of rehabilitation, but EECS was delivered to investigational patients during rehabilitation. The primary efficacy endpoint (PE) was defined as attaining a minimum improvement of 4.5 points in the upper extremity Fugl-Meyer (UEFM) scale as well as 0.21 points in the Arm Motor Ability Test (AMAT) 4 weeks postrehabilitation. Follow-up assessments were performed 1, 4, 12, and 24 weeks postrehabilitation. Safety was evaluated by monitoring adverse events (AEs) that occurred between enrollment and the end of rehabilitation.ResultsPrimary intent-to-treat analysis showed no group differences at 4 weeks, with PE being met by 32% and 29% of investigational and control patients, respectively (P = .36). Repeated-measures secondary analyses revealed no significant treatment group differences in mean UEFM or AMAT scores. However, post hoc comparisons showed that a greater proportion of investigational (39%) than control (15%) patients maintained or achieved PE (P = .003) at 24 weeks postrehabilitation. Investigational group mean AMAT scores also improved significantly (P < .05) when compared to the control group at 24 weeks postrehabilitation. Post hoc analyses also showed that 69% (n = 9/13) of the investigational patients who elicited movement thresholds during stimulation testing met PE at 4 weeks, and mean UEFM and AMAT scores was also significantly higher (P < .05) in this subgroup at the 4-, 12-, and 24-week assessments when compared to the control group. Headache (19%), pain (13%), swelling (7%), and infection (7%) were the most commonly observed implant procedure-related AEs. Overall, there were 11 serious AEs in 9 investigational group patients (7 procedure related, 4 anesthesia related).ConclusionsThe primary analysis pertaining to efficacy of EECS during upper limb motor rehabilitation in chronic stroke patients was negative at 4 weeks postrehabilitation. A better treatment response was observed in a subset of patients eliciting stimulation induced upper limb movements during motor threshold assessments performed prior to each rehabilitation session. Post hoc comparisons indicated treatment effect differences at 24 weeks, with the control group showing significant decline in the combined primary outcome measure relative to the investigational group. These results have the potential to inform future chronic stroke rehabilitation trial design.

Published
2016

20. Liposome encapsulated curcumin-difluorinated (CDF) inhibits the growth of cisplatin resistant head and neck cancer stem cells

Author

Basak, Saroj K, Zinabadi, Alborz, Wu, Arthur W, Venkatesan, Natarajan, Duarte, Victor M, Kang, James J, Dalgard, Clifton L, Srivastava, Meera, Sarkar, Fazlul H, Wang, Marilene B, and Srivatsan, Eri S

Subjects
Cancer, Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human, Orphan Drug, Complementary and Integrative Health, Stem Cell Research, Rare Diseases, Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease, Animals, Antineoplastic Agents, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation, Cisplatin, Curcumin, Cytokines, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Humans, Hyaluronan Receptors, Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated, Liposomes, Mice, Nude, Neoplastic Stem Cells, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Tumor Burden, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, head and neck cancer, cisplatin, drug resistance, curcumin-difluorinated, cancer stem cell, Oncology and Carcinogenesis
Abstract

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer, with 600,000 new cases every year worldwide. Although chemotherapeutics exist, five-year survival is only 50%. New strategies to overcome drug resistance are required to improve HNSCC treatment. Curcumin-difluorinated (CDF), a synthetic analog of curcumin, was packaged in liposomes and used to evaluate growth inhibition of cisplatin resistant HNSCC cell lines CCL-23R and UM-SCC-1R generated from the parental cell lines CCL-23 and UM-SCC-1 respectively. Growth inhibition in vitro and expression levels of the CD44 (cancer stem cell marker), cytokines, and growth factors were investigated after liposomal CDF treatment. The in vivo growth inhibitory effect of liposomal CDF was evaluated in the nude mice xenograft tumor model of UM-SCC-1R and the inhibition of CD44 was measured. Treatment of the resistant cell lines in vitro with liposomal CDF resulted in a statistically significant growth inhibition (p < 0.05). The nude mice xenograft study showed a statistically significant tumor growth inhibition of UM-SCC-1R cells and a reduction in the expression of CD44 (p < 0.05), indicating an inhibitory effect of liposomal CDF on CSCs. Our results demonstrate that delivery of CDF through liposomes may be an effective method for the treatment of cisplatin resistant HNSCC.

Published
2015

21. Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis

Author

Cantarel, Brandi L, Waubant, Emmanuelle, Chehoud, Christel, Kuczynski, Justin, DeSantis, Todd Z, Warrington, Janet, Venkatesan, Arun, Fraser, Claire M, and Mowry, Ellen M

Subjects
Brain Disorders, Neurosciences, Nutrition, Multiple Sclerosis, Clinical Research, Neurodegenerative, Autoimmune Disease, Complementary and Integrative Health, Adjuvants, Immunologic, Adult, Cholecalciferol, Dietary Supplements, Female, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Glatiramer Acetate, Humans, Immunologic Factors, Middle Aged, Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting, Pilot Projects, Clinical Sciences, General Clinical Medicine
Abstract

ObjectivesDifferences in gut bacteria have been described in several autoimmune disorders. In this exploratory pilot study, we compared gut bacteria in patients with multiple sclerosis and healthy controls and evaluated the influence of glatiramer acetate and vitamin D treatment on the microbiota.MethodsSubjects were otherwise healthy white women with or without relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis who were vitamin D insufficient. Patients with multiple sclerosis were untreated or were receiving glatiramer acetate. Subjects collected stool at baseline and after 90 days of vitamin D3 (5000 IU/d) supplementation. The abundance of operational taxonomic units was evaluated by hybridization of 16S rRNA to a DNA microarray.ResultsWhile there was overlap of gut bacterial communities, the abundance of some operational taxonomic units, including Faecalibacterium, was lower in patients with multiple sclerosis. Glatiramer acetate-treated patients with multiple sclerosis showed differences in community composition compared with untreated subjects, including Bacteroidaceae, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, Lactobacillaceae, Clostridium, and other Clostridiales. Compared with the other groups, untreated patients with multiple sclerosis had an increase in the Akkermansia, Faecalibacterium, and Coprococcus genera after vitamin D supplementation.ConclusionsWhile overall bacterial communities were similar, specific operational taxonomic units differed between healthy controls and patients with multiple sclerosis. Glatiramer acetate and vitamin D supplementation were associated with differences or changes in the microbiota. This study was exploratory, and larger studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results.

Published
2015

22. Use of Clinical and Neuroimaging Characteristics to Distinguish Temporal Lobe Herpes Simplex Encephalitis From Its Mimics

Author

Chow, Felicia C, Glaser, Carol A, Sheriff, Heather, Xia, Dongxiang, Messenger, Sharon, Whitley, Richard, and Venkatesan, Arun

Subjects
Clinical Research, Infectious Diseases, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Neurosciences, Brain Disorders, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, California, Diagnosis, Differential, Encephalitis, Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex, Encephalitis, Varicella Zoster, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Statistical, Multivariate Analysis, Neuroimaging, Retrospective Studies, Temporal Lobe, Time Factors, Tuberculosis, encephalitis, temporal lobe, herpes simplex, brain infection, magnetic resonance imaging, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology
Abstract

BackgroundWe describe the spectrum of etiologies associated with temporal lobe (TL) encephalitis and identify clinical and radiologic features that distinguish herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) from its mimics.MethodsWe reviewed all adult cases of encephalitis with TL abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from the California Encephalitis Project. We evaluated the association between specific clinical and MRI characteristics and HSE compared with other causes of TL encephalitis and used multivariate logistic modeling to identify radiologic predictors of HSE.ResultsOf 251 cases of TL encephalitis, 43% had an infectious etiology compared with 16% with a noninfectious etiology. Of infectious etiologies, herpes simplex virus was the most commonly identified agent (n = 60), followed by tuberculosis (n = 8) and varicella zoster virus (n = 7). Of noninfectious etiologies, more than half (n = 21) were due to autoimmune disease. Patients with HSE were older (56.8 vs 50.2 years; P = .012), more likely to be white (53% vs 35%; P = .013), more likely to present acutely (88% vs 64%; P = .001) and with a fever (80% vs 49%; P < .001), and less likely to present with a rash (2% vs 15%; P = .010). In a multivariate model, bilateral TL involvement (odds ratio [OR], 0.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], .18-.79; P = .010) and lesions outside the TL, insula, or cingulate (OR, 0.37; 95% CI, .18-.74; P = .005) were associated with lower odds of HSE.ConclusionsIn addition to HSE, other infectious and noninfectious etiologies should be considered in the differential diagnosis for TL encephalitis, depending on the presentation. Specific clinical and imaging features may aid in distinguishing HSE from non-HSE causes of TL encephalitis.

Published
2015

23. Clinical Experience with Cone-Beam CT Navigation for Tumor Ablation

Author

Abi-Jaoudeh, Nadine, Venkatesan, Aradhana M, Van der Sterren, William, Radaelli, Alessandro, Carelsen, Bart, and Wood, Bradford J

Subjects
Biomedical Imaging, Cancer, Cone-Beam Computed Tomography, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Neoplasms, Retrospective Studies, Surgery, Computer-Assisted, Treatment Outcome, Clinical Sciences, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Abstract

PurposeTo describe clinical use and potential benefits of cone-beam computed tomography (CT) navigation to perform image-guided percutaneous tumor ablation.Materials and methodsAll ablations performed between February 2011 and February 2013 using cone-beam CT navigation were included. There were 16 patients who underwent 20 ablations for 29 lesions. Cone-beam CT ablation planning capabilities include multimodality image fusion and tumor segmentation for visualization, depiction of the predicted ablation zones for intraprocedural planning, and segmentation of the ablated area for immediate verification after treatment. Number and purpose of cone-beam CT scans were examined. The initial ablation plan, defined as number of probes and duration of energy delivery, was recorded for the 20 of the 29 lesions ablated. Technical success and local recurrences were recorded. Primary and secondary effectiveness rates were calculated.ResultsImage fusion was used for 16 lesions, and intraprocedural ultrasound was used for 4 lesions. Of the 20 ablations, where the ablation plans were recorded, there was no deviation from the plan in 14 ablations. In the remaining 6 ablations, iterative planning was needed for complete tumor coverage. An average of 8.7 cone-beam CT scans ± 3.2 were performed per procedure, including 1.3 ± 0.5 for tumor segmentation and planning, 1.7 ± 0.7 for probe position confirmation, and 3.9 ± 2 to ensure complete coverage. Mean follow-up time was 18.6 months ± 6.5. Ablations for 28 of 29 lesions were technically successful (96.5%). Of ablations performed with curative intent, technical effectiveness at 1 month was 25 of 26 lesions (96.1%) and 22 of 26 lesions (84.6%) at last follow-up. Local tumor progression was observed in 11.5% (3 of 26 lesions).ConclusionsCone-beam CT navigation may add information to assist and improve ablation guidance and monitoring.

Published
2015

24. p16 Protein and Gigaxonin Are Associated with the Ubiquitination of NFκB in Cisplatin-induced Senescence of Cancer Cells*

Author

Veena, Mysore S, Wilken, Reason, Zheng, Jun-Ying, Gholkar, Ankur, Venkatesan, Natarajan, Vira, Darshni, Ahmed, Sameer, Basak, Saroj K, Dalgard, Clifton L, Ravichandran, Sandhiya, Batra, Raj K, Kasahara, Noriyuki, Elashoff, David, Fishbein, Michael C, Whitelegge, Julian P, Torres, Jorge Z, Wang, Marilene B, and Srivatsan, Eri S

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Biological Sciences, Rare Diseases, Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease, Cancer, Active Transport, Cell Nucleus, Antineoplastic Agents, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Nucleus, Cellular Senescence, Cisplatin, Cyclin D1, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16, Cytoskeletal Proteins, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Human papillomavirus 16, Humans, NF-kappa B, Prognosis, Ubiquitination, Cancer Stem Cells, Chemoresistance, Head and Neck Cancer, Gigaxonin, NFB, p16 Suppressor Gene, NFκB, Chemical Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Chemical sciences
Abstract

The molecular mechanism of p16-mediated senescence in cisplatin-treated cancer cells is not fully understood. Here we show that cisplatin treatment of head and neck cancer cells results in nuclear transport of p16 leading to a molecular modification of NFκB. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays show that this modification is associated with the inhibition of NFκB interacting with its DNA binding sequences, leading to decreased expression of NFκB-transcribed proteins. LCMS proteomic analysis of LAP-TAP-purified proteins from HeLa cells containing a tetracycline-inducible GFP-S peptide-NFκB expression system identified gigaxonin, an ubiquitin E3 ligase adaptor, as an NFκB-interacting protein. Immunoblotting and siRNA studies confirmed the NFκB-gigaxonin interaction and the dependence of this binding on p16-NFκB binding. Using gel shift assays, we have confirmed p16-NFκB and gigaxonin-NFκB interactions. Furthermore, we have observed increased NFκB ubiquitination with cisplatin treatment that is abolished in the absence of p16 and gigaxonin expression. Analysis of 103 primary tumors has shown that increased nuclear p16 expression correlates with enhanced survival of head and neck cancer patients (p < 0.0000542), indicating the importance of nuclear p16 expression in prognosis. Finally, p16 expression is associated with reduced cytokine expression and the presence of human papilloma virus in chemoradiation-sensitive basaloid tumors. However, the absence of p16 expression is associated with enhanced cytokine expression and the absence of human papilloma virus in aggressive tumors. These results clearly demonstrate that nuclear p16 and gigaxonin play an important role in chemosensitivity of head and neck cancers through ubiquitination of NFκB.

Published
2014

25. Poor timing and failure of source control are risk factors for mortality in critically ill patients with secondary peritonitis

Author

De Pascale, Gennaro, Antonelli, Massimo, Deschepper, Mieke, Arvaniti, Kostoula, Blot, Koen, Brown, Ben Creagh, de Lange, Dylan, De Waele, Jan, Dikmen, Yalim, Dimopoulos, George, Eckmann, Christian, Francois, Guy, Girardis, Massimo, Koulenti, Despoina, Labeau, Sonia, Lipman, Jeffrey, Lipovetsky, Fernando, Maseda, Emilio, Montravers, Philippe, Mikstacki, Adam, Paiva, José-Artur, Pereyra, Cecilia, Rello, Jordi, Timsit, Jean-Francois, Vogelaers, Dirk, Blot, Stijn, Lamrous, Amin, Lipovestky, Fernando, Rezende-Neto, Joao, Vymazal, Tomas, Fjeldsoee-Nielsen, Hans, Kott, Matthias, Kostoula, Arvaniti, Javeri, Yash, Einav, Sharon, Makikado, Luis Daniel Umezawa, Tomescu, Dana, Gritsan, Alexey, Jovanovic, Bojan, Venkatesan, Kumaresh, Mirkovic, Tomislav, Creagh-Brown, Benedict, Emmerich, Monica, Canale, Mariana, Dietz, Lorena Silvina, Ilutovich, Santiago, Miñope, John Thomas Sanchez, Silva, Ramona Baldomera, Montenegro, Martin Alexis, Martin, Patricio, Saul, Pablo, Chediack, Viviana, Sutton, Giselle, Couce, Rocio, Balasini, Carina, Gonzalez, Susana, Lascar, Florencia Maria, Descotte, Emiliano Jorge, Gumiela, Natalia Soledad, Pino, Carina Alejandra, Cesio, Cristian, Valgolio, Emanuel, Cunto, Eleonora, Dominguez, Cecilia, Nelson, Nydia Funes, Abegao, Esteban Martin, Pozo, Norberto Christian, Bianchi, Luciana, Correger, Enrique, Pastorino, Maria Laura, Miyazaki, Erica Aurora, Grubissich, Nicolas, Garcia, Mariel, Bonetto, Natalia, Quevedo, Noelia Elizabeth, Gomez, Cristina Delia, Queti, Felipe, Estevarena, Luis Gonzalez, Fernandez, Ruben, Santolaya, Ignacio, Grangeat, Sergio Hugo, Doglia, Juan, Zakalik, Graciela, Pellegrini, Carlos, Lloria, Maria Monserrat, Chacon, Mercedes Esteban, Fumale, Mariela, Leguizamon, Mariela, Hidalgo, Irene Beatriz, Tiranti, Roberto Juli an, Capponi, Paola, Tita, Agustin, Cardonnet, Luis, Bettini, Lisandro, Ramos, Agñel, Lovesio, Luciano, Miranda, Edith Miriam, Farfan, Angelica Beatriz, Tolosa, Carina, Segura, Lise, Bellocchio, Adelina, Alvarez, Brian, Manzur, Adriana, Lujan, Rodolfo, Fernandez, Natalia, Scarone, Nahuel, Zazu, Alan, Groh, Carina, Fletcher, Jason, Smith, Julie, Azad, Raman, Chavan, Nitin, Kol, Mark, Campbell, Lewis, Starr, Therese, Roberts, Brigit, Wibrow, Bradley, Warhurst, Timothy, Chinthamuneedi, Meher, Ferney, Bernal Buitrago, Simon, Marc, De Backer, Daniel, Wittebole, Xavier, De Bels, David, Collin, Vincent, Dams, Karolien, Jorens, Philippe, Dubois, Jasperina, Gunst, Jan, Haentjens, Lionel, De Schryver, Nicolas, Dugernier, Thierry, Rizoli, Sandro, Santillan, Paul, Han, Yi, Biskup, Ewelina, Qu, Changjing, Li, Xinyu, Yu, Tao, Weihua, Lu, Molano-Franco, Daniel, Rojas, José, Oviedo, Juan Mauricio Pardo, Pinilla, Dario, Cardenas, Yenny, Celis, Edgar, Arias, Mario, Vukovic, Anita, Vudrag, Maja, Belavic, Matija, Zunic, Josip, Kuharic, Janja, Kricka, Irena Bozanic, Filipovic-Grcic, Ina, Tomasevic, Boris, Obraz, Melanija, Bodulica, Bruna, Dohnal, Martin, Malaska, Jan, Kratochvil, Milan, Satinsky, Igor, Schwarz, Peter, Kos, Zdenek, Blahut, Ladislav, Maca, Jan, Protus, Marek, Kieslichová, Eva, Nielsen, Louise Gramstrup, Krogh, Birgitte Marianne, Rivadeneira, Francisco, Morales, Freddy, Mora, José, Orozco, Alexandra Saraguro, MorochoTutillo, Diego Rolando, Vargas, Nelson Remache, Yepez, Estuardo Salgado, Villamagua, Boris, Alsisi, Adel, Fahmy, Abdelraouf, Dupont, Hervé, Lasocki, Sigismond, Paugam-Burtz, Catherine, Foucrier, Arnaud, Nica, Alexandru, Barjon, Geneviève, Mallat, Jihad, Marcotte, Guillaume, Leone, Marc, Duclos, Gary, Burtin, Philippe, Atchade, Enora, Mahjoub, Yazine, Misset, Benoît, Timsit, Jean-François, Dupuis, Claire, Veber, Benoît, Debarre, Matthieu, Collange, Oliver, Pottecher, Julien, Hecketsweiler, Stephane, Fromentin, Mélanie, Tesnière, Antoine, Koch, Christian, Sander, Michael, Elke, Gunnar, Wrigge, Hermann, Simon, Philipp, Chalkiadaki, Anthoula, Tzanidakis, Charalampos, Pneumatikos, Ioannis, Sertaridou, Eleni, Mastora, Zafiria, Pantazopoulos, Ioannis, Papanikolaou, Metaxia, Papavasilopoulou, Theonymfi, Floros, John, Diakaki, Chryssa, Rallis, Michael, Paridou, Alexandra, Kalogeromitros, Alexandros, Romanou, Vasiliki, Nikolaou, Charikleia, Kounougeri, Katerina, Tsigou, Evdoxia, Psallida, Vasiliki, Karampela, Niki, Mandragos, Konstantinos, Kontoudaki, Eftychia, Pentheroudaki, Alexandra, Farazi-Chongouki, Christos, Karakosta, Agathi, Chouris, Isaac, Radu, Vasiliki, Malliotakis, Polychronis, Kokkini, Sofia, Charalambous, Eliana, Kyritsi, Aikaterini, Koulouras, Vasilios, Papathanakos, Georgios, Nagky, Eva, Lampiri, Clairi, Tsimpoukas, Fotios, Sarakatsanos, Ioannis, Georgakopoulos, Panagiotis, Ravani, Ifigeneia, Prekates, Athanasios, Sakellaridis, Konstantinos, Christopoulos, Christos, Vrettou, Efstratia, Stokkos, Konstantinos, Pentari, Anastasia, Marmanidou, Kyriaki, Kydona, Christina, Tsoumaropoulos, Georgios, Bitzani, Militisa, Kontou, Paschalina, Voudouris, Antonios, Flioni, Elli-Nikki, Antypa, Elli, Chasou, Eleftheria, Anisoglou, Souzana, Papageorgiou, Eirini, Paraforou, Theoniki, Tsioka, Agoritsa, Karathanou, Antigoni, Vakalos, Aristeidis, Shah, Bhagyesh, Thakkar, Chirag, Jain, Nikhilesh, Gurjar, Mohan, Baronia, Arvind, Sathe, Prachee, Kulkarni, Shilpa, Paul, Cherish, Paul, John, Masjedi, Mansoor, Nikandish, Reza, Zand, Farid, Sabetian, Golnar, Mahmoodpoor, Ata, Hashemian, Seyed Mohammadreza, Bala, Miklosh, Flocco, Romeo, Torrente, Sergio, Pota, Vincenzo, Spadaro, Savino, Volta, Carlo, Serafini, Giulia, Boraso, Sabrina, Tiberio, Ivo, Cortegiani, Andrea, Misseri, Giovanni, Barbagallo, Maria, Nicolotti, Davide, Forfori, Francesco, Corradi, Francesco, Pelagalli, Lorella, Brazzi, Luca, Vittone, Ferdinando Giorgio, Russo, Alessandro, Simion, Davide, Cotoia, Antonella, Toppin, Gilda Cinnella Patrick, Johnson-Jackson, Roxanne, Hayashi, Yoshiro, Yamamoto, Ryohei, Yasuda, Hideto, Kishihara, Yuki, Shiotsuka, Junji, Sanchez-Hurtado, Luis Alejandro, Tejeda-Huezo, Brigitte, Gorordo, Luis, Ñamendys-Silva, Silvio A, Garcia-Guillen, Francisco J, Martinez, Manuel, Romero-Meja, Erick, Colorado-Dominguez, Ever, van den Oever, Huub, Kalff, Karel Martijn, Vermeijden, Wytze, Cornet, Alexander Daniel, Beck, Oliver, Cimic, Nedim, Dormans, Tom, Bormans, Laura, Bakker, Jan, Van Duijn, Ditty, Bosman, Gerrit, Vos, Piet, Kesecioglu, Jozef, Haas, Lenneke, Henein, Akram, Miranda, Ariel M, Malca, Gonzalo Ernesto Gianella, Arroyo-Sanchez, Abel, Misiewska-Kaczur, Agnieszka, Akinyi, Frisch, Czuczwar, Miroslaw, Luczak, Karolina, Sulkowski, Wiktor, Tamowicz, Barbara, Swit, Beata, Baranowski, Bronisław, Smuszkiewicz, Piotr, Trojanowska, Iwona, Rzymski, Stanislaw, Sawinski, Mariusz, Trosiak, Marta, Mikaszewska-Sokolewicz, Malgorzata, Alves, Ricardo, Leal, Dina, Krystopchuk, Andriy, Mendonca, Pedro Muguel Hilario, Pereira, Rui Antunes, de Carvalho, Maria Raquel Lopes Marques, Candeias, Carlos, Molinos, Elena, Ferreira, Amélia, Castro, Guiomar, Pereira, José-Manuel, Santos, Lurdes, Ferreira, Alcina, Pascoalinho, Dulce, Ribeiro, Rosa, Domingos, Guilherme, Gomes, Pedro, Nora, David, Costa, Rui Pedro, Santos, Anabela, Alsheikhly, Ahmed Subhy, Popescu, Mihai, Grigoras, Ioana, Patrascanu, Emilia, Zabolotskikh, Igor, Musaeva, Tatiana, Gaigolnik, Denis, Kulabukhov, Vladimir, Belskiy, Vladislav, Zubareva, Nadezhda, Tribulev, Maxim, Abdelsalam, Ahmed, Aldarsani, Ayman, Al-Khalid, Muhammad, Almekhlafi, Ghaleb, Mandourah, Yasser, Doklestic, Krstina, Velickovic, Jelena, Velickovic, Dejan, Jankovic, Radmilo, Skoric-Jokic, Svetlana, Radovanovic, Dragana, Richards, Guy, Alli, Ahmad, Cordoba Nielfa, del Carmen, Iniesta, Rafael Sánchez, Martínez, Adela Benítez-Cano, Bernedo, Carlos Garcia, Gil, Santiago Alberto Picos, Nuvials, Xavier, Garcia, Joseba Gonzalez, Peña, Jose Manuel Garcia, Jimenez, Roberto, Herrera, Luis, Barrachina, Laura Galarza, Monzon, Ignacio Catalan, Redondo, Francisco Javier, Villazala, Ruben, Zapata, Diego Fernando Matallana, Lopez, Isabel Maria Villa, Moreno-Gonzalez, Gabriel, Lopez-Delgado, Juan Carlos, Marin, Jorge Solera, Sanchez-Zamora, Purificacion, Vidal, Montserrat Vallverdú, González, Jesús Flores, Salinas, Irene, Hermosa, Cecilia, Martinez-Sagasti, Fernando, Domingo-Marín, Sara, Victorino, Johanna Abril, Garcia-Alvarez, Raquel, Calleja, Pablo López-Arcas, de la Torre-Prados, Maria Victoria, Vidal-Cortes, Pablo, del Río-Carbajo, Lorena, Izura, Javier, Minguez, Victoria, Alvarez, Josep Trenado, Prous, Anna Parera, Paz, Daniel, Roche-Campo, Ferran, Aguilar, Gerardo, Belda, Javier, Rico-Feijoo, Jesus, Aldecoa, Cesat, Zalba-Etayo, Begoña, Dullenkopf, Alexander, Trongtrakul, Konlawij, Chtsomkasem, Anusang, Akbaş, Türkay, Unal, Mustafa Necmettin, Gumus, Ayca, Ramazanoglu, Atilla, Memis, Dilek, Mehmet, Inal, Urkmez, Seval, Ozgultekin, Asu, Demirkiran, Oktay, Aslan, Nesrin Ahu, Kizilaslan, Deniz, Kahveci, Ferda, Ünlü, Nurdan, Ozkan, Zeynep, Kaye, Callum, Jansen, Jan, O’Neill, Orla, Nutt, Christopher, Jha, Rajeev, Hooker, Nicolas, Grecu, Irina, Petridou, Christina, Shyamsundar, Murali, McNamee, Lia, Trinder, John, Hagan, Samantha, Kelly, Catriona, Silversides, Jonathon, Groba, Casiano Barrera, Boyd, Owen, Bhowmick, Kaushik, Humphreys, Sally, Summers, Charlotte, Polgarova, Petra, Margarson, Michael, Dickens, Justin, Pearson, Suzanne, Chinery, Elaine, Hemmings, Noel, O’Kane, Sinead, Austin, Pauline, Cole, Stephen, Plowright, Catherine, Box, Roberta, Wright, Christopher, Young, Lorna, Creagh-Brown, Ben, Montague, Laura, Parker, Robert, Morton, Ben, Ostermann, Marlies, Bilinska, Julia, Rose, Bernd Oliver, Reece-Anthony, Rosie, Ryan, Christine, Hamilton, Mark, Hopkins, Philip, Wendon, Julia, Brescia, Giovanni, Ijaz, Nazia, Wood, James, George, Michelle, Toth-Tarsoly, Piroska, Yates, Bryan, Armstrong, Maureen, Scott, Carmen, Boyd, Christine, Szakmany, Tamas, Rees, David, Pulak, Paul, Coggon, Mandy, Saha, Bhaskar, Kent, Linda, Gibson, Bethan, Camsooksai, Julie, Reschreiter, Henrik, Morgan, Pat, Sangaralingham, Sivatharshini, Lowe, Alastair, Vondras, Petr, Jamadarkhana, Sunil, Cruz, Carina, Bhandary, Rakesh, Hersey, Peter, Furneval, Julie, Innes, Richard, Doble, Patricia, Attwood, Ben, Parsons, Penny, Page, Valerie, Zhao, Xiaobei, Dalton, Julian, Hegazy, Mohammed, Awad, Yasser, Naylor, Douglas, Naylor, Amanda, Lee, Sarah, Brevard, Sidney, Davis, Noelle, De Pascale, Gennaro, Antonelli, Massimo, Deschepper, Mieke, Arvaniti, Kostoula, Blot, Koen, Brown, Ben Creagh, de Lange, Dylan, De Waele, Jan, Dikmen, Yalim, Dimopoulos, George, Eckmann, Christian, Francois, Guy, Girardis, Massimo, Koulenti, Despoina, Labeau, Sonia, Lipman, Jeffrey, Lipovetsky, Fernando, Maseda, Emilio, Montravers, Philippe, Mikstacki, Adam, Paiva, José-Artur, Pereyra, Cecilia, Rello, Jordi, Timsit, Jean-Francoi, Vogelaers, Dirk, Blot, Stijn, Lamrous, Amin, Lipovestky, Fernando, Rezende-Neto, Joao, Vymazal, Toma, Fjeldsoee-Nielsen, Han, Kott, Matthia, Kostoula, Arvaniti, Javeri, Yash, Einav, Sharon, Makikado, Luis Daniel Umezawa, Tomescu, Dana, Gritsan, Alexey, Jovanovic, Bojan, Venkatesan, Kumaresh, Mirkovic, Tomislav, Creagh-Brown, Benedict, Emmerich, Monica, Canale, Mariana, Dietz, Lorena Silvina, Ilutovich, Santiago, Miñope, John Thomas Sanchez, Silva, Ramona Baldomera, Montenegro, Martin Alexi, Martin, Patricio, Saul, Pablo, Chediack, Viviana, Sutton, Giselle, Couce, Rocio, Balasini, Carina, Gonzalez, Susana, Lascar, Florencia Maria, Descotte, Emiliano Jorge, Gumiela, Natalia Soledad, Pino, Carina Alejandra, Cesio, Cristian, Valgolio, Emanuel, Cunto, Eleonora, Dominguez, Cecilia, Nelson, Nydia Fune, Abegao, Esteban Martin, Pozo, Norberto Christian, Bianchi, Luciana, Correger, Enrique, Pastorino, Maria Laura, Miyazaki, Erica Aurora, Grubissich, Nicola, Garcia, Mariel, Bonetto, Natalia, Quevedo, Noelia Elizabeth, Gomez, Cristina Delia, Queti, Felipe, Estevarena, Luis Gonzalez, Fernandez, Ruben, Santolaya, Ignacio, Grangeat, Sergio Hugo, Doglia, Juan, Zakalik, Graciela, Pellegrini, Carlo, Lloria, Maria Monserrat, Chacon, Mercedes Esteban, Fumale, Mariela, Leguizamon, Mariela, Hidalgo, Irene Beatriz, Tiranti, Roberto Juli an, Capponi, Paola, Tita, Agustin, Cardonnet, Lui, Bettini, Lisandro, Ramos, Agñel, Lovesio, Luciano, Miranda, Edith Miriam, Farfan, Angelica Beatriz, Tolosa, Carina, Segura, Lise, Bellocchio, Adelina, Alvarez, Brian, Manzur, Adriana, Lujan, Rodolfo, Fernandez, Natalia, Scarone, Nahuel, Zazu, Alan, Groh, Carina, Fletcher, Jason, Smith, Julie, Azad, Raman, Chavan, Nitin, Kol, Mark, Campbell, Lewi, Starr, Therese, Roberts, Brigit, Wibrow, Bradley, Warhurst, Timothy, Chinthamuneedi, Meher, Ferney, Bernal Buitrago, Simon, Marc, De Backer, Daniel, Wittebole, Xavier, De Bels, David, Collin, Vincent, Dams, Karolien, Jorens, Philippe, Dubois, Jasperina, Gunst, Jan, Haentjens, Lionel, De Schryver, Nicola, Dugernier, Thierry, Rizoli, Sandro, Santillan, Paul, Han, Yi, Biskup, Ewelina, Qu, Changjing, Li, Xinyu, Yu, Tao, Weihua, Lu, Molano-Franco, Daniel, Rojas, José, Oviedo, Juan Mauricio Pardo, Pinilla, Dario, Cardenas, Yenny, Celis, Edgar, Arias, Mario, Vukovic, Anita, Vudrag, Maja, Belavic, Matija, Zunic, Josip, Kuharic, Janja, Kricka, Irena Bozanic, Filipovic-Grcic, Ina, Tomasevic, Bori, Obraz, Melanija, Bodulica, Bruna, Dohnal, Martin, Malaska, Jan, Kratochvil, Milan, Satinsky, Igor, Schwarz, Peter, Kos, Zdenek, Blahut, Ladislav, Maca, Jan, Protus, Marek, Kieslichová, Eva, Nielsen, Louise Gramstrup, Krogh, Birgitte Marianne, Rivadeneira, Francisco, Morales, Freddy, Mora, José, Orozco, Alexandra Saraguro, MorochoTutillo, Diego Rolando, Vargas, Nelson Remache, Yepez, Estuardo Salgado, Villamagua, Bori, Alsisi, Adel, Fahmy, Abdelraouf, Dupont, Hervé, Lasocki, Sigismond, Paugam-Burtz, Catherine, Foucrier, Arnaud, Nica, Alexandru, Barjon, Geneviève, Mallat, Jihad, Marcotte, Guillaume, Leone, Marc, Duclos, Gary, Burtin, Philippe, Atchade, Enora, Mahjoub, Yazine, Misset, Benoît, Timsit, Jean-Françoi, Dupuis, Claire, Veber, Benoît, Debarre, Matthieu, Collange, Oliver, Pottecher, Julien, Hecketsweiler, Stephane, Fromentin, Mélanie, Tesnière, Antoine, Koch, Christian, Sander, Michael, Elke, Gunnar, Wrigge, Hermann, Simon, Philipp, Chalkiadaki, Anthoula, Tzanidakis, Charalampo, Pneumatikos, Ioanni, Sertaridou, Eleni, Mastora, Zafiria, Pantazopoulos, Ioanni, Papanikolaou, Metaxia, Papavasilopoulou, Theonymfi, Floros, John, Diakaki, Chryssa, Rallis, Michael, Paridou, Alexandra, Kalogeromitros, Alexandro, Romanou, Vasiliki, Nikolaou, Charikleia, Kounougeri, Katerina, Tsigou, Evdoxia, Psallida, Vasiliki, Karampela, Niki, Mandragos, Konstantino, Kontoudaki, Eftychia, Pentheroudaki, Alexandra, Farazi-Chongouki, Christo, Karakosta, Agathi, Chouris, Isaac, Radu, Vasiliki, Malliotakis, Polychroni, Kokkini, Sofia, Charalambous, Eliana, Kyritsi, Aikaterini, Koulouras, Vasilio, Papathanakos, Georgio, Nagky, Eva, Lampiri, Clairi, Tsimpoukas, Fotio, Sarakatsanos, Ioanni, Georgakopoulos, Panagioti, Ravani, Ifigeneia, Prekates, Athanasio, Sakellaridis, Konstantino, Christopoulos, Christo, Vrettou, Efstratia, Stokkos, Konstantino, Pentari, Anastasia, Marmanidou, Kyriaki, Kydona, Christina, Tsoumaropoulos, Georgio, Bitzani, Militisa, Kontou, Paschalina, Voudouris, Antonio, Flioni, Elli-Nikki, Antypa, Elli, Chasou, Eleftheria, Anisoglou, Souzana, Papageorgiou, Eirini, Paraforou, Theoniki, Tsioka, Agoritsa, Karathanou, Antigoni, Vakalos, Aristeidi, Shah, Bhagyesh, Thakkar, Chirag, Jain, Nikhilesh, Gurjar, Mohan, Baronia, Arvind, Sathe, Prachee, Kulkarni, Shilpa, Paul, Cherish, Paul, John, Masjedi, Mansoor, Nikandish, Reza, Zand, Farid, Sabetian, Golnar, Mahmoodpoor, Ata, Hashemian, Seyed Mohammadreza, Bala, Miklosh, Flocco, Romeo, Torrente, Sergio, Pota, Vincenzo, Spadaro, Savino, Volta, Carlo, Serafini, Giulia, Boraso, Sabrina, Tiberio, Ivo, Cortegiani, Andrea, Misseri, Giovanni, Barbagallo, Maria, Nicolotti, Davide, Forfori, Francesco, Corradi, Francesco, Pelagalli, Lorella, Brazzi, Luca, Vittone, Ferdinando Giorgio, Russo, Alessandro, Simion, Davide, Cotoia, Antonella, Toppin, Gilda Cinnella Patrick, Johnson-Jackson, Roxanne, Hayashi, Yoshiro, Yamamoto, Ryohei, Yasuda, Hideto, Kishihara, Yuki, Shiotsuka, Junji, Sanchez-Hurtado, Luis Alejandro, Tejeda-Huezo, Brigitte, Gorordo, Lui, Ñamendys-Silva, Silvio A, Garcia-Guillen, Francisco J, Martinez, Manuel, Romero-Meja, Erick, Colorado-Dominguez, Ever, van den Oever, Huub, Kalff, Karel Martijn, Vermeijden, Wytze, Cornet, Alexander Daniel, Beck, Oliver, Cimic, Nedim, Dormans, Tom, Bormans, Laura, Bakker, Jan, Van Duijn, Ditty, Bosman, Gerrit, Vos, Piet, Kesecioglu, Jozef, Haas, Lenneke, Henein, Akram, Miranda, Ariel M, Malca, Gonzalo Ernesto Gianella, Arroyo-Sanchez, Abel, Misiewska-Kaczur, Agnieszka, Akinyi, Frisch, Czuczwar, Miroslaw, Luczak, Karolina, Sulkowski, Wiktor, Tamowicz, Barbara, Swit, Beata, Baranowski, Bronisław, Smuszkiewicz, Piotr, Trojanowska, Iwona, Rzymski, Stanislaw, Sawinski, Mariusz, Trosiak, Marta, Mikaszewska-Sokolewicz, Malgorzata, Alves, Ricardo, Leal, Dina, Krystopchuk, Andriy, Mendonca, Pedro Muguel Hilario, Pereira, Rui Antune, de Carvalho, Maria Raquel Lopes Marque, Candeias, Carlo, Molinos, Elena, Ferreira, Amélia, Castro, Guiomar, Pereira, José-Manuel, Santos, Lurde, Ferreira, Alcina, Pascoalinho, Dulce, Ribeiro, Rosa, Domingos, Guilherme, Gomes, Pedro, Nora, David, Costa, Rui Pedro, Santos, Anabela, Alsheikhly, Ahmed Subhy, Popescu, Mihai, Grigoras, Ioana, Patrascanu, Emilia, Zabolotskikh, Igor, Musaeva, Tatiana, Gaigolnik, Deni, Kulabukhov, Vladimir, Belskiy, Vladislav, Zubareva, Nadezhda, Tribulev, Maxim, Abdelsalam, Ahmed, Aldarsani, Ayman, Al-Khalid, Muhammad, Almekhlafi, Ghaleb, Mandourah, Yasser, Doklestic, Krstina, Velickovic, Jelena, Velickovic, Dejan, Jankovic, Radmilo, Skoric-Jokic, Svetlana, Radovanovic, Dragana, Richards, Guy, Alli, Ahmad, Cordoba Nielfa, del Carmen, Iniesta, Rafael Sánchez, Martínez, Adela Benítez-Cano, Bernedo, Carlos Garcia, Gil, Santiago Alberto Pico, Nuvials, Xavier, Garcia, Joseba Gonzalez, Peña, Jose Manuel Garcia, Jimenez, Roberto, Herrera, Lui, Barrachina, Laura Galarza, Monzon, Ignacio Catalan, Redondo, Francisco Javier, Villazala, Ruben, Zapata, Diego Fernando Matallana, Lopez, Isabel Maria Villa, Moreno-Gonzalez, Gabriel, Lopez-Delgado, Juan Carlo, Marin, Jorge Solera, Sanchez-Zamora, Purificacion, Vidal, Montserrat Vallverdú, González, Jesús Flore, Salinas, Irene, Hermosa, Cecilia, Martinez-Sagasti, Fernando, Domingo-Marín, Sara, Victorino, Johanna Abril, Garcia-Alvarez, Raquel, Calleja, Pablo López-Arca, de la Torre-Prados, Maria Victoria, Vidal-Cortes, Pablo, del Río-Carbajo, Lorena, Izura, Javier, Minguez, Victoria, Alvarez, Josep Trenado, Prous, Anna Parera, Paz, Daniel, Roche-Campo, Ferran, Aguilar, Gerardo, Belda, Javier, Rico-Feijoo, Jesu, Aldecoa, Cesat, Zalba-Etayo, Begoña, Dullenkopf, Alexander, Trongtrakul, Konlawij, Chtsomkasem, Anusang, Akbaş, Türkay, Unal, Mustafa Necmettin, Gumus, Ayca, Ramazanoglu, Atilla, Memis, Dilek, Mehmet, Inal, Urkmez, Seval, Ozgultekin, Asu, Demirkiran, Oktay, Aslan, Nesrin Ahu, Kizilaslan, Deniz, Kahveci, Ferda, Ünlü, Nurdan, Ozkan, Zeynep, Kaye, Callum, Jansen, Jan, O’Neill, Orla, Nutt, Christopher, Jha, Rajeev, Hooker, Nicola, Grecu, Irina, Petridou, Christina, Shyamsundar, Murali, McNamee, Lia, Trinder, John, Hagan, Samantha, Kelly, Catriona, Silversides, Jonathon, Groba, Casiano Barrera, Boyd, Owen, Bhowmick, Kaushik, Humphreys, Sally, Summers, Charlotte, Polgarova, Petra, Margarson, Michael, Dickens, Justin, Pearson, Suzanne, Chinery, Elaine, Hemmings, Noel, O’Kane, Sinead, Austin, Pauline, Cole, Stephen, Plowright, Catherine, Box, Roberta, Wright, Christopher, Young, Lorna, Creagh-Brown, Ben, Montague, Laura, Parker, Robert, Morton, Ben, Ostermann, Marlie, Bilinska, Julia, Rose, Bernd Oliver, Reece-Anthony, Rosie, Ryan, Christine, Hamilton, Mark, Hopkins, Philip, Wendon, Julia, Brescia, Giovanni, Ijaz, Nazia, Wood, Jame, George, Michelle, Toth-Tarsoly, Piroska, Yates, Bryan, Armstrong, Maureen, Scott, Carmen, Boyd, Christine, Szakmany, Tama, Rees, David, Pulak, Paul, Coggon, Mandy, Saha, Bhaskar, Kent, Linda, Gibson, Bethan, Camsooksai, Julie, Reschreiter, Henrik, Morgan, Pat, Sangaralingham, Sivatharshini, Lowe, Alastair, Vondras, Petr, Jamadarkhana, Sunil, Cruz, Carina, Bhandary, Rakesh, Hersey, Peter, Furneval, Julie, Innes, Richard, Doble, Patricia, Attwood, Ben, Parsons, Penny, Page, Valerie, Zhao, Xiaobei, Dalton, Julian, Hegazy, Mohammed, Awad, Yasser, Naylor, Dougla, Naylor, Amanda, Lee, Sarah, Brevard, Sidney, Davis, Noelle, Morochotutillo, Diego Rolando, Baranowski, Bronislaw, Akbas, Türkay, Mcnamee, Lia, UCL - SSS/IREC/MEDA - Pôle de médecine aiguë, and UCL - (SLuc) Service de soins intensifs

Subjects
Adult, Secondary peritoniti, Critical Illness, Peritonitis, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Antimicrobial therapy, Intensive Care Units, Secondary peritonitis, Intra-abdominal infection, Anti-Infective Agents, Risk Factors, Source control, Sepsis, Medicine and Health Sciences, Humans, Intraabdominal Infections, Mortality, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

PURPOSE: To describe data on epidemiology, microbiology, clinical characteristics and outcome of adult patients admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) with secondary peritonitis, with special emphasis on antimicrobial therapy and source control. METHODS: Post hoc analysis of a multicenter observational study (Abdominal Sepsis Study, AbSeS) including 2621 adult ICU patients with intra-abdominal infection in 306 ICUs from 42 countries. Time-till-source control intervention was calculated as from time of diagnosis and classified into 'emergency' (< 2 h), 'urgent' (2-6 h), and 'delayed' (> 6 h). Relationships were assessed by logistic regression analysis and reported as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: The cohort included 1077 cases of microbiologically confirmed secondary peritonitis. Mortality was 29.7%. The rate of appropriate empiric therapy showed no difference between survivors and non-survivors (66.4% vs. 61.3%, p = 0.1). A stepwise increase in mortality was observed with increasing Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores (19.6% for a value ≤ 4-55.4% for a value > 12, p < 0.001). The highest odds of death were associated with septic shock (OR 3.08 [1.42-7.00]), late-onset hospital-acquired peritonitis (OR 1.71 [1.16-2.52]) and failed source control evidenced by persistent inflammation at day 7 (OR 5.71 [3.99-8.18]). Compared with 'emergency' source control intervention (< 2 h of diagnosis), 'urgent' source control was the only modifiable covariate associated with lower odds of mortality (OR 0.50 [0.34-0.73]). CONCLUSION: 'Urgent' and successful source control was associated with improved odds of survival. Appropriateness of empirical antimicrobial treatment did not significantly affect survival suggesting that source control is more determinative for outcome. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03270345.

Published
2022

26. Case Definitions, Diagnostic Algorithms, and Priorities in Encephalitis: Consensus Statement of the International Encephalitis Consortium

Author

Venkatesan, A, Tunkel, AR, Bloch, KC, Lauring, AS, Sejvar, J, Bitnun, A, Stahl, J-P, Mailles, A, Drebot, M, Rupprecht, CE, Yoder, J, Cope, JR, Wilson, MR, Whitley, RJ, Sullivan, J, Granerod, J, Jones, C, Eastwood, K, Ward, KN, Durrheim, DN, Solbrig, MV, Guo-Dong, L, Glaser, CA, Sheriff, Heather, Brown, David, Farnon, Eileen, Messenger, Sharon, Paterson, Beverley, Soldatos, Ariane, Roy, Sharon, Visvesvara, Govinda, Beach, Michael, Nasci, Roger, Pertowski, Carol, Schmid, Scott, Rascoe, Lisa, Montgomery, Joel, Tong, Suxiang, Breiman, Robert, Franka, Richard, Keuhnert, Matt, Angulo, Fred, and Cherry, James

Subjects
Brain Disorders, Clinical Research, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Infection, Adult, Algorithms, Child, Consensus, Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures, Encephalitis, Humans, encephalitis, guidelines, viral, autoimmune, host genetics, International Encephalitis Consortium, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology
Abstract

BackgroundEncephalitis continues to result in substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Advances in diagnosis and management have been limited, in part, by a lack of consensus on case definitions, standardized diagnostic approaches, and priorities for research.MethodsIn March 2012, the International Encephalitis Consortium, a committee begun in 2010 with members worldwide, held a meeting in Atlanta to discuss recent advances in encephalitis and to set priorities for future study.ResultsWe present a consensus document that proposes a standardized case definition and diagnostic guidelines for evaluation of adults and children with suspected encephalitis. In addition, areas of research priority, including host genetics and selected emerging infections, are discussed.ConclusionsWe anticipate that this document, representing a synthesis of our discussions and supported by literature, will serve as a practical aid to clinicians evaluating patients with suspected encephalitis and will identify key areas and approaches to advance our knowledge of encephalitis.

Published
2013

27. Underused approach: subarachnoid block for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy? A case report and discussion of anaesthetic and surgical considerations

Author

Venkatesan Thiruvenkatarajan, Siang Wei Gan, Markus Trochsler, and Anand Rajbhoj

Subjects
COPD, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, General surgery, Analgesic, General Medicine, Emergency department, Biliary colic, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Anesthesia, Spinal, Abdominal Pain, Analgesics, Opioid, Subarachnoid block, Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic, medicine, Humans, In patient, General anaesthesia, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, Anesthetics
Abstract

We present a case of laparoscopic cholecystectomy with subarachnoid block (SAB) in an opioid-tolerant patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A 64-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with acute abdominal pain of biliary colic. Surgery was delayed in favour of conservative management given that she was considered high risk for general anaesthesia. Due to refractory pain, she successfully proceeded to have laparoscopic cholecystectomy with SAB. This case is a timely reminder that SAB is feasible and safe in patients with severe COPD, with the added benefit of increased analgesic effects, fewer postoperative pulmonary complications and quick recovery time.

Published
2023

28. Factors Associated with Willingness to Participate in HIV Vaccine Trials among High-Risk Populations in South India

Author

Suhadev, Mohanarani, Nyamathi, Adeline M, Swaminathan, Soumya, Suresh, Anitha, and Venkatesan, P

Subjects
Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Immunology, Clinical Research, Infectious Diseases, Immunization, Vaccine Related, Behavioral and Social Science, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, HIV/AIDS, Prevention, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 3.4 Vaccines, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, AIDS Vaccines, Adult, Clinical Trials as Topic, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, HIV Infections, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, India, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Clinical Sciences, Virology, Clinical sciences
Abstract

Abstract Successful conduct of any HIV vaccine trial (HIVVT) requires a high level of preparedness in the community. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tamilnadu, India among 501 participants from six different risk groups to investigate their willingness to participate (WTP) in future preventive HIVVTs and to explore their knowledge and attitude toward preventive HIV vaccines. In total, 82% were willing to participate and the desire to be protected from HIV was the main reason for WTP. Perception of not being at risk was the major reason for refusal among married women. The knowledge scale showed a significant increase in scores after vaccine education. In all, 76% revealed the hope that there would be an effective vaccine in a few years and 71% hoped that the HIV vaccine would protect them from HIV infection. The main concern was the unknown efficacy of the vaccine (50%) and the effects of an HIV vaccine on participants' lives (51%). Overall, 76% agreed that sex without a condom would not be safe whether or not there was an HIV vaccine. To conclude, it is likely that high-risk volunteers will be willing to enroll in preventive HIVVTs. Addressing barriers and concerns by providing information through appropriate agencies will spell out success for preventive HIVVTs in India.

Published
2009

29. Activity of lapatinib a novel HER2 and EGFR dual kinase inhibitor in human endometrial cancer cells.

Author

Konecny, GE, Venkatesan, N, Yang, G, Dering, J, Ginther, C, Finn, R, Rahmeh, M, Fejzo, M Schoenberg, Toft, D, Jiang, S-W, Slamon, DJ, and Podratz, KC

Subjects
Cell Line, Tumor, Humans, Endometrial Neoplasms, Quinazolines, Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases, Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor, Receptor, erbB-2, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Protein Kinase Inhibitors, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, Signal Transduction, Female, Oncogene Protein v-akt, ErbB Receptors, Lapatinib, Receptor, ErbB-2, HER2/neu, EGFR, endometrial cancer, lapatinib, Cell Line, Tumor, Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor, erbB-2, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, ErbB-2, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Public Health and Health Services, Oncology & Carcinogenesis
Abstract

In this study, we explore the therapeutic potential of lapatinib a selective inhibitor of both the EGFR and HER2 tyrosine kinases for the treatment of endometrial cancer. The effect of lapatinib on tumour cell growth and receptor activation was studied in a panel of human endometrial cancer cell lines. Candidate molecular markers predicting sensitivity were assessed by baseline gene expression profiling, ELISA, and western blot analyses. Multiple drug effect/combination index (CI) isobologram analysis was used to study the interactions between chemotherapeutic drugs and lapatinib. Concentration-dependent anti-proliferative effects of lapatinib were seen in all endometrial cancer cell lines tested, but varied significantly between individual cell lines (IC(50) range: 0.052-10.9 micromol). HER2 overexpression or increased expression of EGFR was significantly associated with in vitro sensitivity (P=0.024 or 0.011, respectively). Lapatinib exerts growth inhibition in a PTEN-independent manner. Sensitive cell lines also exhibited increased expression of EGFR ligands or HER3. In contrast, lapatinib-resistant cell lines exhibited high androgen receptor (AR) levels or epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (post-EMT) features. In endometrial cancer cells, at a wide range of clinically achievable drug concentrations, additive and synergistic interactions were observed for lapatinib plus carboplatin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, and doxorubicin. These observations provide a clear biologic rational to test lapatinib as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapy in endometrial cancer with HER2 overexpression. Expression of EGFR, its ligands, HER3, AR, and post-EMT markers warrant further evaluation to help define patients with HER2-nonoverexpressing endometrial cancer most likely to benefit from lapatinib.

Published
2008

30. Nanoformulations - Insights Towards Characterization Techniques

Author

Sivakumar Vijayaraghavalu, Venkateshwaran Krishnaswami, Abimanyu Sugumaran, Venkatesan Perumal, Murugan Manavalan, Durga Prasad Kondeti, Shaik Kamil Basha, Mohammed Akmal Ahmed, and Munish Kumar

Subjects
Pharmacology, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Neoplasms, Liposomes, Clinical Biochemistry, Drug Discovery, Humans, Nanoparticles, Molecular Medicine, Antineoplastic Agents, Particle Size, Chromatography, Liquid
Abstract

Background: Drug-loaded novel nanoformulations are gaining importance due to their versatile properties compared to conventional pharmaceutical formulations. Nanomaterials, apart from their multifactorial benefits, have a wider scope in the prevention, treatment, and diagnosis of cancer. Understanding the chemistry of drug-loaded nano-formulations to elicit its behaviour both at molecular and systemic levels is critical in the present scenario. Drug-loaded nanoformulations are controlled by their size, shape, surface chemistry, and release behavior. The major pharmaceutical drug loaded nanocarriers reported for anticancer drug delivery for the treatment of various forms of cancers such as lung cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, etc include nanoparticles, nanospheres, nanodispersions, nanocapsules, nanomicelles, cubosomes, nanoemulsions, liposomes and niosomes. The major objectives in designing anticancer drug-loaded nanoformulations are to manage the particle size/morphology correlating with the drug release to fulfil the specific objectives. Hence, nano characterizations are very critical both at in vitro and in vivo levels. Objective: The main objective of this review paper is to summarise the major characterization techniques used for the characterization of drug-loaded nanoformulations. Even though information on characterization techniques of various nano-formulations is available in the literature, it is scattered. The proposed review will provide a comprehensive understanding of nanocharacterization techniques. Conclusion: To conclude, the proposed review will provide insights towards the different nano characterization techniques along with their recent updates, such as particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, in vitro release studies (chromatographic HPLC, HPTLC, and LC-MS/MS analysis), EPR analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, thermal analysis, rheometric, morphological analysis etc. Additionally, the challenges encountered by the nano characterization techniques will also be discussed.

Published
2022

31. Associations between sexual stigma, enacted HIV stigma, internalized HIV stigma and homonegativity, and depression: testing an extended minority stress model among men who have sex with men living with HIV in India

Author

Venkatesan Chakrapani, Trace Kershaw, Jasvir Kaur, Murali Shunmugam, Ruban Nelson, Pandara Purayil Vijin, Magesh Rajan, and Thilakavathi Subramanian

Subjects
Male, Sexual and Gender Minorities, Cross-Sectional Studies, Health (social science), Social Psychology, Depression, Social Stigma, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Humans, India, HIV Infections, Homosexuality, Male
Abstract

Limited data is available on the associations between intersectional stigmas and mental health outcomes among men who have sex with men living with HIV (MSMLH) in India. The minority stress model postulates that sexual stigma contributes to depression through proximal stressors like internalized homonegativity (IHN). Using cross-sectional survey data from 119 MSMLH in 2015/16, we tested whether: (1) sexual stigma and enacted HIV stigma (EHS) are associated with depression; (2) their effects on depression are mediated through IHN and internalized HIV stigma (IHS); and (3) their effects on IHN are mediated through IHS. Significant direct associations were observed between scores on sexual stigma and IHS (

Published
2022

32. COVID-19, Graphic Medicine, and Thinking Beyond Data

Author

Sathyaraj Venkatesan and Ishani Anwesha Joshi

Subjects
Issues, ethics and legal aspects, Existentialism, History and Philosophy of Science, Health Policy, Vaccination, Humans, COVID-19, Medicine, General Medicine, Pandemics
Abstract

Datafication has allowed us to quantify every facet of the corona-virus pandemic. A significant quantity of data sets on infection and recovery rates, mortality, comorbidities, the intensity of symptoms, region-by-region statistics, vaccination, and virus variants, among other things, has been made publicly available. However, these data sets relentlessly reduce human beings to mere numbers and graph points. The present study employs a close reading of comic panels to demonstrate how graphic medicine uses data to critique, supplement, and expose its lacunae. The article draws from graphic medical narratives and panels such as Andy Warner's "The Nib Bureau of Statistics" (2020), Sarah Firth's "State of Emergency" (2021), and Randall Munroe's "Statistics" (2020). Though data visualizations and comics are both graphical representations, their treatment of COVID-19-related issues is radically different. Graphic medicine "re-draws" data visualizations through imitation, subversion, and displacement to showcase multiple temporalities, marginal agencies, and the affective nature of human existence. Furthermore, the humanistic intervention of graphic medicine deftly reclaims individual lives and attendant stories in a world dominated by technologically mediated data. This essay does not dismiss the performative force of data; instead, it insists on humanizing and contextualizing a sensitive presentation of data to convey our entangled existence and collective states.

Published
2022

33. Knowledge, attitude and preparedness of healthcare students toward basic life support at King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Author

Sirajudeen Shaik Alavudeen, Viqar Basharat, Ahmed Khaled Bahamdan, Vigneshwaran Easwaran, Ghadah Khaled Bahamdan, Md Sayeed Akhtar, Sultan Alshahrani, Ali Alqahtani, and Krishnaraju Venkatesan

Subjects
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Cross-Sectional Studies, Universities, Physiology, Saudi Arabia, Internal Medicine, Humans, General Medicine, Students
Abstract

Worldwide, millions of people die of sudden cardiac arrest every year. A well-timed cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) increases the possibility of survival by two- to fourfolds. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and preparedness of health care students toward basic life support (BLS) at King Khalid University.A cross-sectional study was conducted among the health care students of King Khalid University from August to October 2020. Data were collected using a pretested, semi-structured questionnaire and the data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.The total number of participants was 346. Overall, the participant's knowledge regarding the BLS was inadequate. Majority of the participants were not aware of the acronyms used in BLS. The level of education has a significant impact on the knowledge, whereas gender has no significant impact on the knowledge. The answers to the attitude and the preparedness items were also not satisfying. Lack of knowledge is one of the common reasons for not performing BLS. Periodical training program and refresher courses were the most recommended methods to increase the knowledge toward the BLS.It is evident from the current study that there is a lack of knowledge and preparedness toward BLS among most health care students. It is recommended to incorporate more BLS training and refresher courses in the health care college curricula.

Published
2022

34. Novel local anesthesia technique ‘NATURE ’ (Nerves And Transversalis-fascia Using RopivacainE) to improve outcomes during endo-laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair

Author

Davide Lomanto, Shree Venkatesan, Lydia Q. Liew, Sujith Wijerathne, Louis Wai, Clement Loh, and James Wai Kit Lee

Subjects
medicine.medical_treatment, Hernia, Inguinal, medicine, Humans, Ropivacaine, Prospective Studies, Fascia, Herniorrhaphy, Retrospective Studies, Pain, Postoperative, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, Inguinal hernia surgery, medicine.disease, Hernia repair, Inguinal hernia, medicine.anatomical_structure, Baseline characteristics, Anesthesia, Operative time, Laparoscopy, Surgery, business, Anesthesia, Local, medicine.drug
Abstract

BACKGROUND The use of local anaesthesia infiltration techniques may attenuate pain following endo-laparoscopic inguinal hernia surgery. We aim to reduce post-operative pain and the subsequent need for analgesia using a novel technique of local anaesthesia infiltration 'NATURE' (Nerves And Transversalis-fascia Using RopivacainE). METHODS This is a retrospective study of patients who underwent endo-laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in two institutions in Singapore. Patients who received the local anaesthesia according to the new technique (intervention group) were compared to patients who received local anaesthesia only over their surgical incisions (control group). RESULTS Data on 97 patients were analysed. There were 50 (51.5%) patients in the intervention group and 47 (48.5%) patients in the control group. No significant differences were observed in the two patient population's baseline characteristics, operative time and cumulative need for medications. The intervention group reported lower pain levels immediately after surgery (1.4 ± 1.7 versus 2.4 ± 1.9, p

Published
2022

35. Tele-Ophthalmology Versus Face-to-Face Retinal Consultation for Assessment of Diabetic Retinopathy in Diabetes Care Centers in India: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

Author

Ramachandran Rajalakshmi, Ganesan UmaSankari, Vijayaraghavan Prathiba, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Ranjit Unnikrishnan, Ulagamathesan Venkatesan, Saravanan JebaRani, Coimbatore Subramanian Shanthirani, Sobha Sivaprasad, and Viswanathan Mohan

Subjects
Diabetic Retinopathy, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, India, Original Articles, Macular Edema, Retina, Ophthalmology, Medical Laboratory Technology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Mass Screening, Referral and Consultation, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of tele-ophthalmology (TO) versus face-to-face screening for diabetic retinopathy (DR) in diabetes care centers (DCC) across India. METHODS: This is an observational, multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional study of DR screening in individuals with diabetes performed across 35 branches of a chain of DCC in 20 cities in India over 1 year. In 30 DCC, DR screening was performed by TO, where retinal images obtained using Fundus on Phone camera were uploaded through the telemedicine network for centralized DR grading by eight retina specialists. In five DCC, DR screening was performed by fundus examination (FE) by the same retina specialists. The rate of detection of sight-threatening DR (STDR) (defined as the presence of proliferative DR and/or diabetic macular edema) through the two modes was compared. RESULTS: A total of 58,612 individuals were screened for DR from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018: 25,316 by TO and 33,296 by FE. The mean age and mean duration of diabetes of the individuals with diabetes screened by TO was 55.8 ± 11.2 years and 9.5 ± 7.3 years; and in individuals screened by FE, it was 57.5 ± 11.6 years and 11.5 ± 8.0 years respectively. The mean glycated hemoglobin was 8.8% ± 2.1% and 8.5% ± 1.9% in the two groups, respectively. Any DR was detected in 31.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 31.0–32.3) by tele-screening and in 38.5% (95% CI: 37.9–39.0) by FE, whereas STDR was detected in 7.3% (95% CI: 7.0–7.7) by TO and in 10.5% (95% CI: 10.2–10.9) by FE. Overall, 11.4% individuals with diabetes in the TO group, including 4.1% with ungradable images, were advised referral to retina specialists for further management. CONCLUSION: Screening for DR at DCC using TO is feasible and effective for STDR detection in India and may be adopted throughout India.

Published
2022

36. Kinetics measurements of G-quadruplex binding and unfolding by helicases

Author

Bruce Chang-Gu, Sneha Venkatesan, and Rick Russell

Subjects
DEAD-box RNA Helicases, G-Quadruplexes, Kinetics, DNA Helicases, Humans, RNA, DNA, Molecular Biology, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Abstract

G-quadruplex structures (G4s) form readily in DNA and RNA and play diverse roles in gene expression and other processes, and their inappropriate formation and stabilization are linked to human diseases. G4s are inherently long-lived, such that their timely unfolding depends on a suite of DNA and RNA helicase proteins. Biochemical analysis of G4 binding and unfolding by individual helicase proteins is important for establishing their levels of activity, affinity, and specificity for G4s, including individual G4s of varying sequence and structure. Here we describe a set of simple, accessible methods in which electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) are used to measure the kinetics of G4 binding, dissociation, and unfolding by helicase proteins. We focus on practical considerations and the pitfalls that are most likely to arise when these methods are used to study the activities of helicases on G4s.

Published
2022

37. Early outcomes and complications following cardiac surgery in patients testing positive for coronavirus disease 2019: An international cohort study

Author

Akowuah, Enoch, Benson, Ruth A., Caruana, Edward J., Chetty, Govind, Edwards, John, Forlani, Stefano, Gradinariu, George, Murphy, Gavin J., Oo, Aung Ye, Patel, Akshay J., Ridley, Brenda, Rogers, Luke J., Sanders, Julie, Tyson, Nathan, Vaja, Ricky, Siaw-Acheampong, Kwabena, Argus, Leah, Chaudhry, Daoud, Dawson, Brett E., Glasbey, James C., Gujjuri, Rohan R., Jones, Conor S., Kamarajah, Sivesh K., Khatri, Chetan, Keatley, James M., Lawday, Samuel, Li, Elizabeth, Mann, Harvinder, Marson, Ella J., Mclean, Kenneth A., Picciochi, Maria, Taylor, Elliott H., Tiwari, Abhinav, Simoes, Joana FF., Trout, Isobel M., Venn, Mary L., Wilkin, Richard JW., Bhangu, Aneel, Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Dajti, Irida, Gjata, Arben, Boccalatte, Luis, Modolo, Maria Marta, Cox, Daniel, Pockney, Peter, Townend, Philip, Aigner, Felix, Kronberger, Irmgard, Hossain, Kamral, VanRamshorst, Gabrielle, Lawani, Ismail, Ataide, Gustavo, Baiocchi, Glauco, Buarque, Igor, Gohar, Muhammad, Slavchev, Mihail, Agarwal, Arnav, Brar, Amanpreet, Martin, Janet, Olivos, Maricarmen, Calvache, Jose, Perez Rivera, Carlos Jose, Hadzibegovic, Ana Danic, Kopjar, Tomislav, Mihanovic, Jakov, Klat, Jaroslav, Novysedlak, René, Christensen, Peter, El-Hussuna, Alaa, Batista, Sylvia, Lincango, Eddy, Emile, Sameh H., Mengesha, Mengistu Gebreyohanes, Hailu, Dr. Samuel, Tamiru, Hailu, Kauppila, Joonas, Laukkarinen, Johanna, Arnaud, Alexis, Albertsmeiers, Markus, Lederhuber, Hans, Loffler, Markus, Tabiri, Stephen, Metallidis, Symeon, Tsoulfas, Georgios, Lorena, Maria Aguilera, Grecinos, Gustavo, Mersich, Tamas, Wettstein, Daniel, Ghosh, Dhruv, Kembuan, Gabriele, Brouk, Peiman, Khosravi, Mohammad, Mozafari, Masoud, Adil, Ahmed, Mohan, Helen M., Zmora, Oded, Fiore, Marco, Gallo, Gaetano, Pata, Francesco, Pellino, Gianluca, Satoi, Sohei, Ayasra, Faris, Chaar, Mohammad, Fakhradiyev, Ildar R., Jamal, Mohammad, Elhadi, Muhammed, Gulla, Aiste, Roslani, April, Martinez, Laura, Ramos De La Medina, Antonio, Outani, Oumaima, Jonker, Pascal, Kruijff, Schelto, Noltes, Milou, Steinkamp, Pieter, van der Plas, Willemijn, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji, Osinaike, Babatunde, Seyi-olajide, Justina, Williams, Emmanuel, Pejkova, Sofija, Augestad, Knut Magne, Soreide, Kjetil, Al Balushi, Zainab, Qureshi, Ahmad, Sayyed, Raza, Mohsen Daraghmeh, Mustafa Abu, Abukhalaf, Sadi, Cukier, Moises, Gomez, Hugo, Shu, Sebastian, Vasquez, Ximena, Parreno-Sacdalan, Marie Dione, Major, Piotr, Azevedo, José, Cunha, Miguel, Santos, Irene, Zarour, Ahmad, Bonci, Eduard-Alexandru, Negoi, Ionut, Efetov, Sergey, Litvin, Andrey, Ntirenganya, Faustin, AlAmeer, Ehab, Radenkovic, Dejan, Hong Xiang, Frederick Koh, Hoe, Chew Min, Chi Yong, James Ngu, Moore, Rachel, Nhlabathi, Ncamsile, Colino, Ruth Blanco, Bravo, Ana Minaya, Minaya-Bravo, Ana, Jayarajah, Umesh, Wickramasinghe, Dakshitha, Elmujtaba, Mohammed, Jebril, William, Rutegård, Martin, Sund, Malin, Isik, Arda, Leventoğlu, Sezai, Abbott, Tom EF., Benson, Ruth, Caruna, Ed, Chakrabortee, Sohini, Demetriades, Andreas, Desai, Anant, Drake, Thomas D., Edwards, John G., Evans, Jonathan P., Ford, Samuel, Fotopoulou, Christina, Griffiths, Ewen, Hutchinson, Peter, Jenkinson, Michael D., Khan, Tabassum, Knight, Stephen, Kolias, Angelos, Leung, Elaine, McKay, Siobhan, Norman, Lisa, Ots, Riinu, Raghavan, Vidya, Roberts, Keith, Schache, Andrew, Shaw, Richard, Shaw, Katie, Smart, Neil, Stewart, Grant, Sundar, Sudha, Vimalchandran, Dale, Wright, Naomi, Alshryda, Sattar, Alser, Osaid, Breen, Kerry, Ganly, Ian, Kaafarani, Haytham, Kendall, Brittany, Mashbari, Hassan, Al Naggar, Hamza, Mazingi, Dennis, Simoes, Joana F. F., Dajti, I., Valenzuela, J. I., Boccalatte, L. A., Gemelli, N. A., Smith, D. E., Dudi-Venkata, N. N., Kroon, H. M., Sammour, T., Roberts, M., Mitchell, D., Lah, K., Pearce, A., Morton, A., Dawson, A. C., Drane, A., Sharpin, C., Nataraja, R. M., Pacilli, M., Cox, D. R. A., Muralidharan, V., Riddiough, G. E., Clarke, E. M., Jamel, W., Qin, K. R., Pockney, P., Cope, D., Egoroff, N., Lott, N., Putnis, S., De Robles, S., Ang, Z., Mitteregger, M., Uranitsch, S., Stiegler, M., Seitinger, G., Aigner, F., Lumenta, D. B., Nischwitz, S. P., Richtig, E., Pau, M., Srekl-Filzmaier, P., Eibinger, N., Michelitsch, B., Fediuk, M., Papinutti, A., Seidel, G., Kahn, J., Cohnert, T. U., Messner, F., Öfner, D., Presl, J., Varga, M., Weitzendorfer, M., Emmanuel, K., Binder, A. D., Zimmermann, M., Holawe, S., Nkenke, E., Grimm, C., Kranawetter, M., Rahman Mitul, A., Islam, N., Karim, S., Komen, N., Ang, E., De Praetere, H., Tollens, T., Schols, G., Smets, C., Haenen, L., Quintens, J., Van Belle, K., Van Ramshorst, G. H., Pattyn, P., Desender, L., Martens, T., Van de putte, D., Lerut, P., Grimonprez, A., Janssen, M., De Smul, G., Wallaert, P., Van den Eynde, J., Oosterlinck, W., Van den Eynde, R., Sermon, A., Boeckxstaens, A., Cordonnier, A., De Coster, J., Jaekers, J., Politis, C., Miserez, M., Duchateau, N., De Gheldere, C., Flamey, N., Christiano, A., Guidi, B., Minussi, A. L., Castro, S., Okoba, W., Maldonado, F. H. R., Oliveira, P., Baldasso, T., Santos, L., Gomes, G. M. A., Buarque, I. L., Pol-Fachin, L., Bezerra, T. S., Barros, A. V., da Silva, A. M. R., Leite, A. L. S., Silvestre, D. W. A., Ferro, C. C., Araujo, M. S., Lopes, L. M., Damasceno, P. D., Araujo, D. H. S., Laporte, G., Salem, M. C., Guimaraes-Filho, M. A. C., Nacif, L., Flumignan, R. L. 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G., Boutros, M., Moon, J., Wong, E. G., Vanounou, T., Pelletier, J., Wong, S., Girsowicz, E., Bayne, J., Obrand, D., Gill, H., Steinmetz, O., MacKenzie, K., Lukaszewski, M., Jamjoum, G., Richebé, P., Verdonck, O., Discepola, S., Godin, N., Idrissi, M., Briatico, D., Sharma, S., Talwar, G., Bailey, K., Lecluyse, V., Côté, G., Demyttenaere, S., Garfinkle, R., Kouyoumdjian, A., Dumitra, S., Khwaja, K., Luo, L., Berry, G., Liberman, A. S., Schmid, S., Spicer, J., Al Farsi, M., Abou-Khalil, J., Couture, E., Mohammadi, S., Tremblay, H., Gagné, N., Bergeron, A., Turgeon, Af, Costerousse, O., Bellemare, D., Babin, C., Blier, C., Wood, M. L., Persad, A., Groot, G., Pham, H., D'Aragon, F., Carbonneau, E., Bouchard, M., Masse, M., Pesant, F., Héroux, J., Karanicolas, P., Hallet, J., Nadler, A., Nathens, A., Ko, M., Brar, A., Mayson, K., Kidane, B., Srinathan, S., Escudero, M. I., Reyes, J. T., Modolo, M. M., Ramirez Nieto, P., Sepulveda, R., Bolbarán, A., Molero, A., Ruiz, I., Reyes, G. P., Salas, R., Suazo, C., Muñoz, R., Grasset, E., Inzunza, M., Besser, N., Irarrázaval, M. J., Jarry, C., Bellolio, F., Romero Manqui, C. A., Ruiz Esquide, M., Fuentes, T., Campos, J., Perez Rivera, C. J., Cabrera, P. A., Pinilla, R. E., Guevara, O., Jimenez Ramirez, L. J., Velasquez Cuasquen, B. G., Herrera Mora, D. R., Bonilla, A., Diaz, S., Manrique, E., Facundo, H., Velez Bernal, J. L., Ángel, J., García, M., Guzmán, L., Lehmann, C., Cervera, S., Trujillo Sanchez, L. M., Guevara, R., Valbuena, D., Suarez, L., Jimenez, G., Velandia, A., Vargas, J., Espinosa, J., Rey, S., Mendoza Quevedo, Jairo, Calvache, J. A., Orozco-Chamorro, C. M., Sánchez-Gómez, T. A., Rojas-Tejada, D. A., Mihanovic, J., Bakmaz, B., Rakvin, I., Sulen, N., Andabaka, T., Luksic, I., Mamic, M., Martinek, L., Skrovina, M., Žatecký, J., Peteja, M., Kristensen, H. Ø., Mekhael, M., Christensen, P., Westh, L., Smith, H., Haugstvedt, A. F., Jönsson, M. L., Crespo, A., Batista, S., Rodriguez-Abreu, J., Tactuk, N., Diaz-Delgado, P. J., Rivas, R., Sarmiento-Bobadilla, J. A., Ashoush, F., Samir Abdelaal, A., Qatora, M. S., Elsayed Hewalla, M. E., Metwalli, M., Atta, R., Abdelmajeed, A., Abosamak, N. E., Sabry, A., Shehata, S., Sallam, I., Amira, G., Sherief, M., Sherif, A., Salem, H., Hamdy, R., Aboulkassem, H., Ghaly, G., Sherif, G., Morsi, A., Abdelrahman, A., Omnia, Ahmed, Tawheed, A., El Kassas, M., Omar, W., Abdelsamed, A., Seleim, A., Azzam, A. Y., ElFiky, M., Nabil, A., Ibraheem, M., ELDeeb, M., Fawzy, M., Hamed, H., Emile, S., Elfallal, A., Elfeki, H., Shalaby, M., Sakr, A., Alrahawy, M., Atif, H., Soltan, H., Sayed, A. K., Salah, A., Atiya, A., Wassim, K., Abbas, A. M., Abd Elazeem, H. A. S., Abd-Elkariem, A. Y., Abd-Elkarem, M. M., Alaa, S., Ali, A. K., Ashraf, M., Ayman, A., Azizeldine, M. G., Elkhayat, H., Emad Mashhour, A., Gaber, M., Hamza, H. M., Hawal, I., Hetta, H. F., Elghazaly, S. M., Mohammed, M. M., Monib, F. A., Nageh, M. A., Saad, A., Saad, M. M., Shahine, M., Yousof, E. A., Youssef, A., Esmail, E., Khalaf, M., Eldaly, A., Ghoneim, A., Hawila, A., Badr, H., Elhalaby, I., Abdel-bari, M., Elbahnasawy, M., Hamada, M. K., Morsy, M. S., Hammad, M., Essa, M., Fayed, M. T., Elzoghby, M., Rady, M., Hamad, O., Salman, S., Sarsik, S., Abd-elsalam, S., Gamal Badr, S., El-Masry, Y., Moahmmed, M. M. H., Hailu, S., Wolde, A., Mengesha, M., Nida, S., Workneh, M., Y Ahmed, M., Fisseha, T., Kassa, D., Zeleke, H., Admasu, A., Laeke, T., Tirsit, A., Gessesse, M., Addissie, A., Bekele, D., Kauppila, J. H., Sarjanoja, E., Testelin, S., Dakpé, S., Devauchelle, B., Bettoni, J., Lavagen, N., Schmitt, F., Lemée, J. M., Boucher, S., Breheret, R., Kün-Darbois, J. D., Kahn, A., Gueutier, A., Bigot, P., Borraccino, B., Lakkis, Z., Doussot, A., Heyd, B., Manfredelli, S., Mathieu, P., Paquette, B., Turco, C., Barrabe, A., Louvrier, A., Moszkowicz, D., Giovinazzo, D., Bretagnol, F., Police, A., Charre, L., Volpin, E., Braham, H., El Arbi, N., Villefranque, V., Bendjemar, L., Girard, E., Abba, J., Trilling, B., Chebaro, A., Lecolle, K., Truant, S., El Amrani, M., Zerbib, P., Pruvot, F. R., Mathieu, D., Surmei, E., Mattei, L., Marin, H., Christou, N., Ballouhey, Q., Ferrero, P., Coste Mazeau, P., Tricard, J., Barrat, B., Taibi, A., Usseglio, J., Laloze, J., Salle, H., Fourcade, L., Duchalais, E., Regenet, N., Rigaud, J., Waast, D., Denis, W., Malard, O., Buffenoir, K., Espitalier, F., Ferron, C., Varenne, Y., Crenn, V., De Vergie, S., Cristini, J., Samarut, E., Tzedakis, S., Bouche, P. A., Gaujoux, S., Kantor, E., Gossot, D., Seguin-Givelet, A., Fuks, D., Grigoroiu, M., Sanchez Salas, R., Cathelineau, X., Macek, P., Barbé, Y., Rozet, F., Barret, E., Mombet, A., Cathala, N., Brian, E., Zadegan, F., Conso, C., Blanc, T., Broch, A., Sarnacki, S., Ali, L., Bonnard, A., Peycelon, M., Hervieux, E., Clermidi, P., Maisonneuve, E., Aubry, E., Thomin, A., Langlais, T., Passot, G., Glehen, O., Cotte, E., Lifante, J. C., De Simone, B., Chouillard, E., Arnaud, A. P., Violas, P., Bergeat, D., Merdrignac, A., Scalabre, A., Perotto, L. O., Le Roy, B., Haddad, E., Vermersch, S., Ezanno, A. C., Barbier, O., Vigouroux, F., Malgras, B., Aime, A., Seeliger, B., Mutter, D., Philouze, G., Pessaux, P., Germain, A., Chanty, H., Ayav, A., Kassir, R., Von theobald, P., Sauvat, F., O'Connor, J., Mayombo Idiata, M., O'Connor, Z., Tchoba, S., Modabber, A., Winnand, P., Hölzle, F., Sommer, B., Shiban, E., Wolf, S., Anthuber, M., Sommer, F., Kaemmerer, D., Schreiber, T., Kamphues, C., Lauscher, J. C., Schineis, C., Loch, F. N., Beyer, K., Nasser, S., Sehouli, J., Höhn, P., Braumann, C., Reinkemeier, F., Uhl, W., Weitz, J., Bork, U., Welsch, T., Praetorius, C., Korn, S., Distler, M., Fluegen, G., Knoefel, W. T., Vay, C., Golcher, H., Grützmann, R., Binder, J., Meister, P., Gallinat, A., Paul, A., Schnitzbauer, A. A., Thoenissen, P., El Youzouri, H., Schreckenbach, T., Nguyen, T. A., Eberbach, H., Bayer, J., Erdle, B., Sandkamp, R., Nitschke, C., Izbicki, J., Uzunoglu, F. G., Koenig, D., Gosau, M., Böttcher, A., Heuer, A., Klatte, T. O., Priemel, M., Betz, C. S., Burg, S., Möckelmann, N., Busch, C. J., Bewarder, J., Zeller, N., Smeets, R., Thole, S., Vollkommer, T., Speth, U., Stangenberg, M., Hakami, I., Boeker, C., Mall, J., Schardey, H. M., von Ahnen, T., von Ahnen, M., Brunner, U., Tapking, C., Kneser, U., Hirche, C., Jung, M., Kowalewski, K. F., Kienle, P., Reissfelder, C., Seyfried, S., Herrle, F., Hardt, J., Galata, C., Birgin, E., Rahbari, N., Vassos, N., Stoleriu, M. G., Hatz, R., Albertsmeier, M., Börner, N., Lampert, C., Werner, J., Kuehlmann, B., Prantl, L., Brunner, S. M., Schlitt, H. J., Brennfleck, F., Pfister, K., Oikonomou, K., Reinhard, T., Nowak, K., Ronellenfitsch, U., Kleeff, J., Delank, K. S., Michalski, C. W., Szabo, G., Widyaningsih, R., Stavrou, G. A., Bschorer, R., Mielke, J., Peschel, T., Königsrainer, A., Quante, M., Löffler, M. W., Yurttas, C., Doerner, J., Seiberth, R., Bouchagier, K., Klimopoulos, S., Paspaliari, D., Stylianidis, G., Syllaios, A., Baili, E., Schizas, D., Liakakos, T., Charalabopoulos, A., Zografos, C., Spartalis, E., Manatakis, D. K., Tasis, N., Antonopoulou, M. I., Xenaki, S., Xynos, E., Chrysos, E., Athanasakis, E., Tsiaousis, J., Lostoridis, E., Tourountzi, P., Tzovaras, G., Tepetes, K., Zacharoulis, D., Baloyiannis, I., Perivoliotis, K., Hajiioannou, J., Korais, C., Gkrinia, E., Skoulakis, C. E., Saratziotis, A., Koukoura, O., Symeonidis, D., Diamantis, A., Tsoulfas, G., Christou, C. D., Tooulias, A., Papadopoulos, V., Anthoulakis, C., Grimbizis, G., Zouzoulas, D., Tsolakidis, D., Tatsis, D., Christidis, P., Loutzidou, L., Ioannidis, O., Astreidis, I., Antoniou, A., Antoniadis, K., Vachtsevanos, K., Paraskevopoulos, K., Kalaitsidou, I., Alexoudi, V., Stavroglou, A., Mantevas, A., Michailidou, D., Grivas, T., Deligiannidis, D., Politis, S., Barrios Duarte, A., Portilla, A. L., Lowey, M. J., Recinos, G., Lopez Muralles, I., Siguantay, M. A., Estrada, E. E., Aguilera-Arévalo, M. L., Cojulun, J. M., Echeverría-Dávila, G., Marín, C., Icaza de Marín, G. C., Kok, S. Y., Joeng, H. K. M., Chan, L. L., Lim, D., Novak, Z., Echim, T., Suszták, N., Banky, B., Kembuan, G., Pajan, H., Islam, A. A., Rahim, F., Safari, H., Mozafari, M., Brouki Milan, P., Tizmaghz, A., Rezaei Tavirani, M., Ahmed, A., Hussein, R., Fleming, C., O'Brien, S., Kayyal, M. Y., Daly, A., Killeen, S., Corrigan, M., De Marchi, J., Hill, A., Farrell, T., Davis, N. F., Kearney, D., Nelson, T., Maguire, P. J., Barry, C., Farrell, R., Smith, L. A., Mohan, H. M., Mehigan, B. J., Mccormick, P., Larkin, J. O., Fahey, B. A., Rogers, A., Donlon, N., O'Sullivan, H., Nugent, T., Reynolds, J. V., Donohue, C., Shokuhi, P., Ravi, N., Fitzgerald, C., Lennon, P., Timon, C., Kinsella, J., Smith, J., Boyle, T., Alazawi, D., Connolly, E., Butt, W., Croghan, S. M., Manecksha, R. P., Fearon, N., Winter, D., Heneghan, H., Maguire, D., Gallagher, T., Conlon, K., Kennedy, N., Martin, S., Kennelly, R., Hanly, A., Ng, K. C., Fagan, J., Geary, E., Cullinane, C., Carrington, E., Geraghty, J., McDermott, E., Pritchard, R., McPartland, D., Boland, M., Stafford, A., Geoghegan, J., Elliott, J. A., Ridgway, P. F., Gillis, A. E., Bass, G. A., Neary, P. C., O'Riordan, J. M., Kavanagh, D. O., Reynolds, I. S., K, Conlon, Joyce, D. P., Boyle, E., Egan, B., Whelan, M., Elkady, R., Tierney, S., Connelly, T. M., Earley, H., Umair, M., O'Connell, C., Thomas, A. Z., Rice, D., Madden, A., Bashir, Y., Creavin, B., Cullivan, O., Owens, P., Canas-Martinez, A., Murphy, C., Pickett, L., Murphy, B., Mastrosimone, A., Beddy, D., Arumugasamy, M., Allen, M., Aremu, M., McCarthy, C., O’Connor, C., O'Connor, D. B., Kent, E., Malone, F., Geary, M., McKevitt, K. L., Lowery, A. J., Ryan, É. J., Aherne, T. M., Fowler, A., Hassanin, A., Hogan, A. M., Collins, C. G., Finnegan, L., Carroll, P. A., Kerin, M. J., Walsh, S. R., Nally, D., Peirce, C., Coffey, J. C., Cunningham, R. M., Tormey, S., Hardy, N. P., Neary, P. M., Muallem-Kalmovich, L., Kugler, N., Lavy, R., Zmora, O., Horesh, N., Vergari, R., Mochet, S., Barmasse, R., Usai, A., Morelli, L., Picciariello, A., Papagni, V., Altomare, D. F., Colledan, M., Zambelli, M. F., Tornese, S., Camillo, A., Rausa, E., Bianco, F., Lucianetti, A., Prucher, G. M., Baietti, A. M., Ruggiero, F., Maremonti, P., Neri, F., Ricci, S., Biasini, M., Zarabini, A. G., Belvedere, A., Bernante, P., Bertoglio, P., Boussedra, S., Brunocilla, E., Cipriani, R., Cisternino, G., De Crescenzo, E., De Iaco, P., Della Gatta, A. N., Dondi, G., Frio, F., Jovine, E., Mineo Bianchi, F., Neri, J., Parlanti, D., Perrone, A. M., Pezzuto, A. P., Pignatti, M., Pilu, G., Pinto, V., Poggioli, G., Ravaioli, M., Rottoli, M., Schiavina, R., Serenari, M., Serra, M., Solli, P., Taffurelli, M., Tanzanu, M., Tesei, M., Violante, T., Zanotti, S., Tonini, V., Sartarelli, L., Cervellera, M., Gori, A., Armatura, G., Scotton, G., Patauner, S., Frena, A., Podda, M., Pisanu, A., Esposito, G., Frongia, F., Abate, E., Laface, L., Casati, M., Schiavo, M., Casiraghi, T., Sammarco, G., Gallo, G., Vescio, G., Fulginiti, S., Scorcia, V., Giannaccare, G., Carnevali, A., Giuffrida, M. C., Marano, A., Palagi, S., Di Maria Grimaldi, S., Testa, V., Peluso, C., Borghi, F., Simonato, A., Puppo, A., D'Agruma, M., Chiarpenello, R., Pellegrino, L., Maione, F., Cianflocca, D., Pruiti Ciarello, V., Giraudo, G., Gelarda, E., Dalmasso, E., Abrate, A., Daniele, A., Ciriello, V., Rosato, F., Garnero, A., Leotta, L., Giacometti, M., Zonta, S., Lomiento, D., Taglietti, L., Dester, S., Compagnoni, B., Viotti, F., Cazzaniga, R., Del Giudice, R., Mazzotti, F., Pasini, F., Ugolini, G., Fabbri, N., Feo, C. V., Righini, E., Gennari, S., Chiozza, M., Anania, G., Urbani, A., Koleva Radica, M., Carcoforo, P., Portinari, M., Sibilla, M., Anastasi, A., Bartalucci, B., Bellacci, A., Canonico, G., Capezzuoli, L., Di Martino, C., Ipponi, P., Linari, C., Montelatici, M., Nelli, T., Spagni, G., Tirloni, L., Vitali, A., Agostini, C., Alemanno, G., Bartolini, I., Bergamini, C., Bruscino, A., Checcucci, C., De Vincenti, R., Di Bella, A., Fambrini, M., Fortuna, L., Maltinti, G., Muiesan, P., Petraglia, F., Prosperi, P., Ringressi, M. N., Risaliti, M., Sorbi, F., Taddei, A., Lizzi, V., Vovola, F., Arminio, A., Cotoia, A., Sarni, A. L., Familiari, P., D'Andrea, G., Picotti, V., Bàmbina, F., Fontana, T., Barra, F., Ferrero, S., Gustavino, C., Kratochwila, C., Ferraiolo, A., Costantini, S., Batistotti, P., Aprile, A., Almondo, C., Ball, L., Robba, C., Scabini, S., Pertile, D., Massobrio, A., Soriero, D., D'Ugo, S., Depalma, N., Spampinato, M. G., Lippa, L., Gambacciani, C., Santonocito, O. S., Aquila, F., Pieri, F., Ballabio, M., Bisagni, P., Longhi, M., Armao, T., Madonini, M., Gagliano, A., Pizzini, P., Costanzi, A., Confalonieri, M., Monteleone, M., Colletti, G., Frattaruolo, C., Mari, G., Spinelli, A., Mercante, G., Spriano, G., Gaino, F., Ferreli, F., De Virgilio, A., Rossi, V., Carvello, M. M., Di Candido, F., Kurihara, H., Marrano, E., Torzilli, G., Castoro, C., Carrano, F. M., Martinelli, F., Macchi, A., Fiore, M., Pasquali, S., Cioffi, S. P. B., Baia, M., Abatini, C., Sarre, C., Mosca, A., Biasoni, D., Gronchi, A., Citterio, D., Mazzaferro, V., Cadenelli, P., Gennaro, M., Capizzi, V., Guaglio, M., Sorrentino, L., Bogani, G., Sarpietro, G., Giannini, L., Comini, L. V., Rolli, L., Folli, S., Raspagliesi, F., Piazza, C., Cosimelli, M., Salvioni, R., Antonelli, B., Baldari, L., Boni, L., Cassinotti, E., Pignataro, L., Rossi, G., Torretta, S., Beltramini, G. A., Gianni', A., Tagliabue, M., De Berardinis, R., Pietrobon, G., Chu, F., Cenciarelli, S., Adamoli, L., Ansarin, M., Fumagalli Romario, U., Mastrilli, F., Mariani, N. M., Nicastro, V., Cellerino, P., Colombo, F., Frontali, A., Bondurri, A., Guerci, C., Maffioli, A., Ferrario, L., Candiani, M., Bonavina, G., Ottolina, J., Valsecchi, L., Mortini, P., Gagliardi, F., Piloni, M., Medone, M., Negri, G., Bandiera, A., De Nardi, P., Sileri, P., Carlucci, M., Pelaggi, D., Rosati, R., Vignali, A., Parise, P., Elmore, U., Tamini, N., Nespoli, L. C., Rennis, M., Pitoni, L., Chiappetta, M. F., Vico, E., Fruscio, R., Grassi, T., Sasia, D., Migliore, M., Gattolin, A., Rimonda, R., Travaglio, E., Olearo, E., Tufo, A., Marra, E., Maida, P., Marte, G., Tammaro, P., Incollingo, P., Izzo, F., Belli, A., Patrone, R., Albino, V., Leongito, M., Granata, V., Piccirillo, M., Palaia, R., Francone, E., Gentilli, S., Nikaj, H., Fiorini, A., Norcini, C., Chessa, A., Marino, M. V., Mirabella, A., Vaccarella, G., Musini, L., Ampollini, L., Bergonzani, M., Varazzani, A., Bellanti, L., Domenichini, M., Cabrini, E., Fornasari, A., Freyrie, A., Dejana, D. O., D'Angelo, G., Bertoli, G., Di Lella, F., Bocchialini, G., Falcioni, M., Lanfranco, D., Poli, T., Giuffrida, M., Annicchiarico, A., Perrone, G., Catena, F., Raffaele, A., De Manzoni Garberini, A., Baldini, E., Conti, L., Ribolla, M., Capelli, P., Isolani, S. M., Maniscalco, P., Cauteruccio, M., Ciatti, C., Puma Pagliarello, C., Gattoni, S., Galleano, R., Malerba, M., Ciciliot, M., Farnesi, F., Calabrò, M., Pipitone Federico, N. S., Lunghi, E. G., Muratore, A., Di Franco, G., Palmeri, M., Tartaglia, D., Coccolini, F., Chiarugi, M., Simoncini, T., Gadducci, A., Caretto, M., Giannini, A., Perutelli, A., Domenici, L., Garibaldi, S., Capanna, R., Andreani, L., Furbetta, N., Guadagni, S., Bianchini, M., Gianardi, D., Pinotti, E., Montuori, M., Carissimi, F., Baronio, G., Zizzo, M., Castro Ruiz, C., Annessi, V., Montella, M. T., Falco, G., Mele, S., Ferrari, G., Mastrofilippo, V., Mandato, V. D., Aguzzoli, L., Corbellini, C., Baldi, C., Sampietro, G. M., Palini, G. M., Zanini, N., Garulli, G., Barone, R., Murgese, A., Mungo, S., Grasso, M., Marafante, C., Birolo, S. L., Moggia, E., Caccetta, M., Masciandaro, A., Deirino, A., Garino, M., Perinotti, R., Maiello, F., Gordini, L., Lombardi, C. P., Marzi, F., Marra, A. A., Ratto, C., Di Muro, M., Litta, F., De Simone, V., Cozza, V., Rosa, F., Agnes, A., Parello, A., Alfieri, S., Sganga, G., Lapolla, P., Mingoli, A., De Toma, G., Fiori, E., La Torre, F., Sapienza, P., Brachini, G., Cirillo, B., Iannone, I., Zambon, M., Chiappini, A., Meneghini, S., Fonsi, G. B., Cicerchia, P. M., Bruzzaniti, P., Santoro, A., Frati, A., Marruzzo, G., Ribuffo, D., Sagnotta, A., Marino Cosentino, L., Mancini, S., Lisi, G., Spoletini, D., Bellato, V., Campanelli, M., Sica, G., Siragusa, L., Bonavina, L., Asti, E., Bernardi, D., Lovece, A., Perra, T., Porcu, A., Fancellu, A., Feo, C. F., Scanu, A. M., Tuminello, F., Franceschi, A., Langone, A., Fleres, F., Spolini, A., Bordoni, P., Franzini, M., Clarizia, G., Grechi, A., Longhini, A., Guaitoli, E., Manca, G., Grossi, U., Novello, S., Zanus, G., Romano, M., Rossi, S., Ferrara, F., La Torre, M., Pirozzolo, G., Recordare, A., Paiella, S., Turri, G., Rattizzato, S., Campagnaro, T., Guglielmi, A., Pedrazzani, C., Ruzzenente, A., Poletto, E., Conci, S., Casetti, L., Fontana, M., Salvia, R., Malleo, G., Esposito, A., Landoni, L., De Pastena, M., Bassi, C., Tuveri, M., Nobile, S., Marchegiani, G., Bortolasi, L., Sambugaro, E., Malavolta, M., Moretto, G., Impellizzeri, H., Inama, M., Barugola, G., Ascari, F., Ruffo, G., Granieri, S., Cotsoglou, C., Berselli, M., Desio, M., Marchionini, V., Cocozza, E., Di Saverio, S., Ietto, G., Iovino, D., Carcano, G., Ayasra, F., Qasem, A., Ayasra, Y., Al-Masri, M., Abou Chaar, M. K., Al-Najjar, H., Ghandour, K., Alawneh, F., Abdel Jalil, R., Abdel Al, S., Elayyan, M., Ghanem, R., Lataifeh, I., Alsaraireh, O., Abu Za’nouneh, F. J., Fahmawee, T., Ibrahim, A., Obeidat, K., Lee, K. J., Shin, S. J., Chung, H., Albader, I., Alabbad, J., Albader, M. A. S., Bouhuwaish, A., Taher, A. S., Omar, M. S. M., Abdulwahed, E., Biala, M., Morgom, M., Elhadi, A., Alarabi, A., Msherghi, A., Elhajdawe, F., Alsoufi, A., Salamah, A., Salama, H., Bulugma, M., Almabrouk, H., Venskutonis, D., Dainius, E., Kubiliute, E., Bradulskis, S., Parseliunas, A., Kutkevicius, J., Subocius, A., Cheong, Y. J., Masood, M. S., Ngo, C. W., Saravanan, R., Abdul Maei, N., Hayati, F., Amin Sahid, N., Yanowsky Reyes, G., Orozco Perez, J., Damian, R., Santana Ortiz, R., Colunga Tinajero, C. A., Cordera, F., Gómez-Pedraza, A., Maffuz-Aziz, A., Posada, J. A., De la Rosa Abaroa, M. A., Alvarez, M. R., Arrangoiz, R., Hernández, R., Bozada Gutierrez, K., Trejo-Avila, M., Valenzuela-Salazar, C., Herrera-Esquivel, J., Moreno-Portillo, M., Pinto-Angulo, V. M., Sosa-Duran, E. E., Ziad-Aboharp, H., Jimenez Villanueva, X., Soulé Martínez, C. E., Lupián-Angulo, A. I., Martínez Zarate J, Jacobo, Reyes Rodriguez, E., Montalvo Dominguez, G., Becerra García, F. C., Melchor-Ruan, J., Vilar-Compte, D., Romero-Bañuelos, E., Herrera-Gomez, A., Meneses-Garcia, A., Isla-Ortiz, D., Salcedo-Hernández, R. A., Hernández-Nava, J. M., Morales-Castelan, J. E., Posadas-Trujillo, O. E., Buerba, G. A., Alfaro-Goldaracena, A., Pena Gomez-Portugal, E., Lopez-Pena, G., Hinojosa, C. A., Mercado, M. A., Ramos-De la Medina, A., Martinez, L., Duran, I., Gonzalez, D. S., Martinez, M. J., Nayen Sainz de la Fuente, A., Miguelena, L., Hernández Miguelena, L., Louraoui, S. M., El Azhari, A., Rghioui, M., Khya, E., Ghannam, A., Souadka, A., El Ahmadi, B., Belkhadir, Z. H., Majbar, M. A., Benkabbou, A., Mohsine, R., Oudrhiri, M. Y., Bechri, H., Arkha, Y., El Ouahabi, A., Frima, H., Bachiri, S., Groen, L. C., Verhagen, T., ter Brugge, F. M., Scheijmans, J. C. G., Boermeester, M. A., Hompes, R., Meima-van Praag, E. M., Sharabiany, S., Borgstein, A. B. J., Gisbertz, S. S., van Berge Henegouwen, M. I., Gans, S., Van Duijvendijk, P., Herklots, T., De Hoop, T., De Graaff, M. R., Sloothaak, D., Bolster-van Eenennaam, M., Baaij, J., Klinkenbijl, J. H. G., Van Eekeren, R., Spillenaar Bilgen, E. J., Van der Burg, S. W., Harlaar, N. J., Jonker, F. H. W., Vermaas, M., Voigt, K. R., Nellensteijn, D., Bensi, E. A. B., Posma-Bouman, L., Van Sambeek, M., Holscher, M., Van den den Broek, W. T., HKruijff, S., De Vries, J. P. P. M., Steinkamp, P. J., Jonker, P. K. C., Van der Plas, W. Y., Bierman, W., Janssen, Y., Franken, J., Oosterling, S., Boerma, E. G., Schweitzer, D., Keulen, M. H. F., Ketting, S., Wegdam, J. A., Vries Reilingh, T. S., de Schipper, Teeuwen, P. H. E., Hendriks, E. R., Van Geloven, A. A. W., Emous, M., Poelstra, R., Teunissen, M., Gerritsen, S. L., Boerma, D., De Reuver, P. R., Thunnissen, F., Vermeulen, B. A. M., Groen, A., Van Ginhoven, T. M., Viëtor, C. L., van der Oest, M. J. W., Vriens, P. W. H. E., Houwen, T., Heisterkamp, J., van Petersen, A. S., van der Meij, W., Stevens, C. T., Pronk, A., Bakker, W. J., Richir, M. C., Vriens, M. R., Filipe, M. D., Uittenbogaart, M., Leclercq, W. K. G., Sijmons, J. M. L., Vancoillie, P. J., Konsten, J., Van Heinsbergen, M., Dekker, N. A. M., den Boer, F. C., Akinmade, A., Adeyeye, A., Enoch, E., Fayose, S., Okunlola, A. I., Adeniyi, A. A., Adeyemo, O. T., Adebara, I. O., Bakare, A., Babalola, O. F., Abiyere, O. H., Banjo, O. O., Olori, S., Akaba, O. G., Agida, E. T., Abdullahi, I. H., Egbuchulem, I. K., Olulana, D., Lawal, T. A., Ogundoyin, O., Oyelakin, O. A., Nwaorgu, O. G., Sule, S. O., Makwe, C. C., Afolabi, B. B., Seyi-Olajide, J. O., Ademuyiwa, A. O., Bode, C. O., Atoyebi, O., Elebute, O. A., Okunowo, A. A., Williams, O. M., Eke, N. G., Oshodi, O. A., Faboya, O. M., Adeniran, A. S., Omisanjo, O. A., Oshodi, Y. A., Ogunyemi, A. A., Atobatele, K. M., Aremu, I., Olasehinde, O., Abdur-Rahman, L., Bello, J., Popoola, A., Sayomi, T. O., Raji, H. O., Adeleke, N., Lawal, B., Habeeb, O., Agodirin, O., Tolani, M. A., Sholadoye, T. T., Nwabuoku, S. E., Abubakar, M., Risteski, T., Cvetanovska Naunova, V., Jovcheski, L., Lazova, E., Agledahl, I., Breuer, R. G., Massoud, J., Waqar, S. H., Rashid, I., Ayubi, A., Bhatti, A. B. H., Younis, M. U., Ghouri, A., Ayub, B., Sayyed, R. H., Saleem, A., Turk, K., Alvi, A., Abassy, J., Khan, S., Arshad, M., Ahmed, K., Siddiqui, T., Pirzada, A., Kerawala, A. A., Jamal, A., Rai, L., Nafees Ahmed, R., Memon, A. S., Qureshi, A. U., Ayyaz, M., Umar, M., Butt, U., Kashif, M., Khan, W. H., Waris Farooka, M., Wasim, T., Talat, N., Tahir, W., Naseem, J., Akbar, A., Afroze, S., Sultan, A., Ali, H. B., Janjua, M. H., Janjua, A., Asghar, S., Farooq, M. S., Sarwar, M. Z., Naqi, S. A., Gondal, K. M., Bukhari, S. I., Tariq, M., Javed, S., Yaqoob, E., Mahmood, U., Raja Shabbir, K., Abukhalaf, S. A., Amro, A., Cabada Lee, J. M., Aguilar, A., Rodriguez, E., Castillo, K., Cukier, M., Rodriguez-Zentner, H., Arrue, E., Isaacs Beron, R., Rodríguez Gonzalez, A., Panduro-Correa, V., Cornelio, D. K., Otiniano Alvarado, C. E., Caballero Sarabia, V. D., Vasquez-Ojeda, X. P., Lizzetti-Mendoza, G., Niquen-Jimenez, M., Shu-Yip, S. B., León Palacios, J. L., Borda-Luque, G., Zegarra, S. A., Huamán Egoávil, E., Suazo Carmelo, C., Castro de la Mata, R., Rivas, D., Targarona, J., Trujillo, Y., Olivera Villanueva, M., Lahoud-Velaochaga, A., Cabillas, K., Castañeda, W., Colina Casas, J., Betalleluz Pallardel, J., Camacho Zacarías, F., Vélez Segura, E., Cruz Condori, D. L., Huamán, E., Ugarte Oscco, R., Vergel Cabrera, C., Carpio Colmenares, Y. T., García Barrionuevo, L. A., Cárdenas Ruiz de Castilla, D., Mansilla Doria, P., Li Valencia, M. R., Salazar, A., Sarmiento, A., Díaz, C., Morales, E., Ore, E., Zegarra, H., Siccha, J., Guardia, M., Sandoval, M., Mendiola, G. C., Mimbela, M., Diaz-Ruiz, R., Zeta, L. A., Cordova-Calle, E., Nuñez, H. M., Ortiz-Argomedo, M. R., Caballero-Alvarado, J., Salazar-Tantaleán, A., Espinoza-Llerena, R., Aliaga-Ramos, M., Asodisen, O., Jabagat, E., Tedoy, C. M., Ramos, R. A., Lopez, M. P. J., Violago, K. L. E., Aram, R., Carlos Santos, P., Filarca, R. F., Carlos, A., Santos, P., Filarca, R. L., Domingo, E. J., Khu, K. J. O., Lapitan, M. C., Sacdalan, M. D. P., Kho, M. J. N., Baticulon, R. E., Bravo, S. L. R., Cueto, M. A. C., Ramos, C. L., Fuentes, J. R., Sadian, H., Gumarao, A., Barraquio, A., Cruz, E. M., Gonzales, A. D., Reyes, J. A. S., Salud, J. A., Tancinco, E. G., Rivera, R. D., Lim, J. A., Barcelon, J. C., Chiu, J. A., Carballo, M. I., Major, P., Gawron, I., Jach, R., Borges, F., Matos Costa, P., Henriques, S., Rodrigues, S. C., Gonçalves, N., Curvas, J. M., Cabeleira, A., Branco, C., Serralheiro, P., Alves, R., Teles, T., Lázaro, A., Canhoto, C., Simões, J., Costa, M., Almeida, A. C., Nogueira, O., Oliveira, A., Athayde Nemésio, R., Silva, M., Lopes, C., Amaral, M. J., Valente da Costa, A., Andrade, R., Martins, R., Guimarães, A., Guerreiro, P., Ruivo, A., Camacho, C., Duque, M., Santos, E., Breda, D., Oliveira, J. M., De Oliveira Lopez, A. L., Garrido, S., Colino, M., De Barros, J., Correia, S., Rodrigues, M., Cardoso, P., Teixeira, J., Soares, A. P., Morais, H., Pereira, R., Revez, T., Manso, M. I., Domingues, J. C., Henriques, P., Ribeiro, R., Ribeiro, V. I., Cardoso, N., Sousa, S., Martins dos Santos, G., Carvalho, L., Osório, C., Antunes, J., Lourenço, S., Balau, P., Godinho, M., Pereira, A., Silva, N., Kam da Silva Andrade, A., Pereira Rodrigues, A., Borges, N., Correia, J., Vieira, I., Ribeiro, T., Catarino, J., Correia, R., Pais, F., Carreira Garcia, R., Bento, R., Cardoso, J., Luis, M., Henriques, J., Patena Forte, J., Maciel, J., Pinheiro Santos, J., Silva, T. P., Branquinho, A., Caiado, A., Miranda, P., Garrido, R., Peralta Ferreira, M., Ascensão, J., Costeira, B., Cunha, C., Rio Rodrigues, L., Sousa Fernandes, M., Azevedo, P., Ribeiro, J., Lourenço, I., Gomes, H., Mendinhos, G., Nobre Pinto, A., Ribeiro, A., Gil, C. G., Lima-da-Silva, C., Pereira, C., Tavares, F., Ferraz, I., Almeida, J. I., Marialva, J., Lopes, L., Costa, M. J. M. A., Nunes-Coelho, M., Teixeira, M. J., Machado, N., Alfonso, J. P., Saraiva, P., Silva, R. L., Santos, R., Almeida-Reis, R., Correia-de-Sá, T., Fernandes, V., Almeida-Pinto, J., Gonçalves, J. P., Santos-Sousa, H., Cavaleiro, S., Leite-Moreira, A. M., Pereira-Neves, A., Faria, C. S., Monteiro, J. M., Nogueiro, J., Sampaio-Alves, M., Magalhães Maia, M., Vieira, P., Pina-Vaz, T., Jácome, F., Devezas, V., Almeida, A., Silveira, H., Vaz, S., Castanheira Rodrigues, S., Costa Santos, D., Grilo, J. V., Abreu da Silva, A., Claro, M., Deus, A. C., Branquinho, R., Santos, P. M. D. D., Patrício, B., Vieira Paiva Lopes, A. C., Mendes, J. M., Carvalho, M. F., Oliveira, C. M., Tojal, A., Pinto, J., Abutaka, A., Zarour, A., Abdelkareem, M., Ali, S. M., Al Tarakji, M., Alfkey, R., Mukhtar, K., Wani, I. R., Singh, R., Bouchiba, N., Mahdi, H., Abdelaziem Mustafa, S., Al Ansari, A., Drasovean, R., Caziuc, A., Galliamov, E., Agapov, M., Kakotkin, V., Semina, E., Kubyshkin, V., Kamalov, A., Efetov, S. K., Kochetkov, V. S., Garmanova, T., Tsarkov, P., Tulina, I., Rodimov, S., Markaryan, D., Kazachenko, E., Yanishev, A., Abelevich, A., Bazaev, A., Kokobelyan, A., Zarubenko, P., Zakharenko, A., Novikova, A., Kim, G., Shmatov, D., Stoliarov, M., Kamenskikh, M., Nambi, G., Almulhim, A. S., Madkhali, T., Alzouhir, A., Alissa, A., Alameer, E., Badedi, M., Alnami, A. Q., Darraj, H., Alkhuzaie, A., Khadwardi, F., Abualjadayel, M., Tashkandi, W., Farsi, A., Malibary, N., Trabulsi, N., Farsi, S., Said bayazeed, A., Nasser, M., Siddiqui, M. S., Al Awwad, S., Alshahrani, M., Alsharif, F., Fahmi, M. W., Gudal, A., Alasmari, A., Alqahtani, S., Majrashi, S., Mashat, A., Al Raddadi, R., Alharbi, A., Nasser, Y., Hamayel, H., Alhojaili, A., Aljohani, R., Sogair, O., Alfarhan, O., Alzahrani, A., Alzomaili, B., A Azab, M., Alotaibi, M., Maashi, A., Zowgar, A., Alsakkaf, M., Alnemary, M., Khayat, S., Felmban, S., Almhmadi, A., Alqannas, M., Cortés Guiral, D., Alyami, M., Elawad, A., Alhefdhi, A., Alresaini, F., Kurdi, W., Tulbah, M., Aldakheel, M., Alsahan, N., Koussayer, S., Elsheikh, H., Al-qattan, M., Alshanafey, S., Rafique, A., Mahabbat, N., Saeed, B., Al-Kharashi, E., Alsowaina, K., Arab, N., Aljaber, F., Al Hasan, I., Alghamdi, A., Badahdah, F., Alghuliga, A., Abdulfattah, F., Alanazi, F., Albaqami, F., Alsuhaibani, A., AlFakhri, A., Alqasem, S., Alajaji, N., Nouh, T., Bin Nasser, A., Alowais, J., Alburakan, A., Alamri, O., Albdah, A., Alawi, K., Alshalhoub, M., ElSanhoury, K., Almofarreh, A., Ibrahim, S., Elshafie, H., Osman, I., Guzman, T., Mutair, H., Siddiqui, A., Chowdhury, S., Alghamdi, R., Almutrafi, S., Alfaifi, J., D'Souza, J., Alshitwi, A., Alkreedees, N., Alramadhan, M., Alshehri, M., Alobaysi, S., Alshahrani, A., Alshehri, A., Alrashed, M., Altahan, T., Alsabahi, T., Alhossaini, R., Sbaih, M., Alalawi, Y., Alnwijy, K., Al Ayed, A., Ghedan, S., Alharthi, R., Awad, S., I Sharara, M., Abdelrhman, S., Althobaiti, W., Srbinovic, L., Perovic, M., Mikovic, Z., Nikolic, B., Vasiljevic, M., Pazin, V., Mandic Markovic, V., Dimitrijevic, D., Zecevic, N., Gregoric, P., Micic, D., Loncar, Z., Doklestic, K., Ivancevic, N., Djukic, V., Stojakov, D., Ilic, R., Savic, P., Pijanovic, N., Milanovic, M., Radosavljevic, M., Dejanovic, T., Kostic, M., Paskas, J., Bojic, S., Stevanovic, P., Djuric, M., Kadija, M., Tulic, G., Glisovic Jovanovic, I., Lieske, B., Kayombo, E., Kruger, I., De Kock, M., Malan, A., Ferreira, C., Du Preez, H., Mulder, W., Noel, C., Le Grange, S., Lusawana, O., Kies, C., Steyn, E., Janson, J., Buitendag, J. J. P., Chu, K., Mihalik, M., Nel, R., Naidoo, S., Kloppers, C., Nel, D., Jonas, E., Pickard, H., Bernon, M., Almgla, N., Rayamajhi, S., Mugla, W., Carapinha, C., Hyman, G. Y., Fourtounas, M., Moore, R., Sánchez Mozo, A., Aguado Lopez, H., Zárate Pinedo, A., Jimenez Toscano, M., Alonso de la Fuente, N., Mancebo, G., Cecchini, L., Munarriz, M., Cazador Labat, M., López Campillo, A., Martorell, P., Espinosa, C. A., Caja Vivancos, P., Villalabeitia Ateca, I., Prieto Calvo, M., Marín, H., Martin Playa, P., Gainza, A., Aragon Achig, E. J., Rodriguez Fraga, A., Melchor Corcóstegui, I., Mallabiabarrena Ormaechea, G., Garcia Gutierrez, J. J., Barbier, L., Pesántez Peralta, M. A., Jiménez Jiménez, M., Municio Martín, J. A., Gómez Suárez, J., García Operé, G., Pascua Gómez, L. A., Oñate Aguirre, M., Fernandez-Colorado, A., De la Rosa-Estadella, M., Gasulla-Rodriguez, A., Serrano-Martin, M., Peig-Font, A., Junca-Marti, S., Juarez-Pomes, M., Garrido-Ondono, S., Blasco-Torres, L., Molina-Corbacho, M., Maldonado-Sotoca, Y., Gasset-Teixidor, A., Blasco-Moreu, J., Gomez Fernandez, L., Cayetano Paniagua, L., Izquierdo, O., Ventura, D., Castellanos, J., Ballester Vazquez, E., Sanchez Lopez, A., Balague Ponz, C., Targarona Soler, E. M., Sanchez Cabús, S., Molina Santos, V., Gonzalez Lopez, J. A., Medrano Caviedes, R., Moral Duarte, A., Espin-Basany, E., Pellino, G., Blanco-Colino, R., Turrado-Rodriguez, V., Lacy, A. M., de Lacy, F. B., Morales, X., Carreras-Castañer, A., Torner, P., Jornet-Gibert, M., Balaguer-Castro, M., Renau-Cerrillo, M., Camacho-Carrasco, P., Vives-Barquiel, M., Campuzano-Bitterling, B., Gracia, I., Pujol-Muncunill, R., Martin-Sole, O., Rubio-Palau, J., Tarrado, X., Garcia-Aparicio, L., De Haro Jorge, I., Martin, A., Rojas-Ticona, J., Perez-Bertolez, S., Cuesta Argos, M., Capdevila Vilaro, B., Coronas Soucheiron, M., Riba Martinez, M., Saura Garcia, L., Prat Ortells, J., Bejarano Serrano, M., Parri, P., Massaguer, C., Vicario, F., Palazon Bellver, P., Moraleda Gudayol, I., Lara, A., Escobar, D., Arrieta, M., Garcia de cortazar, U., Villamor Garcia, I., Landaluce-olavarria, A., Gonzalez De miguel, M., Fernández Gómez Cruzado, L., Begoña, E., Lecumberri, D., Acosta Mérida, M. A., Yepes Cano, A. F., Estaire Gómez, M., Padilla-Valverde, D., Sánchez-García, S., Sanchez-Pelaez, D., Jimenez Higuera, E., Picón Rodríguez, R., Fernández Camuñas, À., Martínez-Pinedo, C., Garcia Santos, E. P., Muñoz-Atienza, V., Moreno Pérez, A., López de la Manzanara Cano, C. A., Ugarte-Sierra, B., Ibáñez-Aguirre, F. J., De Andres Olabarria, U., Fernández Pablos, F. J., Durán Ballesteros, M., Sanz Larrainzar, A., Jiménez Carneros, V., Valle Rubio, A., Alonso-Lamberti, L., García-Quijada, J., Leon, R., Rodriguez, J. L., Jimenez Miramón, J., Jover, J. M., Martín Salamanca, M. B., Assaf, M., Pérez Simón, V., Landeo Agüero, S. A., Baeza Pintado, N., Huertas Fernandez, M. A., Carabias, A., Sosa, M. V., Lora-Cumplido, P., Lanuza, L., Galipienso Eri, M., Garcia Montesino, J. D., Dellonder Frigolé, J., Noriego Muñoz, D., Navarro-Sánchez, A., Enjuto, D., Perez Gonzalez, M., Díaz Peña, P., Gonzalez, J., Marqueta De Salas, M., Martinez Pascual, P., Rodríguez Gómez, L., Garcés García, R., Ramos Bonilla, A., Herrera-Merino, N., Fernández Bernabé, P., Cagigal Ortega, E. P., Hernández, I., García de Castro Rubio, E., Cervera, I., Sánchez-Guillén, L., Fernández-Candela, A., Curtis-Martínez, C., Soler-Silva, Á., Oller, Á., Triguero-Cánovas, D., Bosch-Ramírez, M., Lillo, C., Lario, S., Arroyo, A., Espino Segura-Illa, M., Sánchez Aniceto, G., Castaño-Leon, A. M., Jimenez-Roldan, L., Delgado Fernandez, J., Pérez Núñez, A., Lagares, A., Garcia Perez, D., Santas, M., Paredes, I., Esteban Sinovas, O., Moreno-Gomez, L., Rubio, E., Vega, V., Vivas Lopez, A., Labalde Martinez, M., García Villar, O., Pelaéz Torres, P. M., Garcia-Borda, J., Ferrero Herrero, E., Gomez, P., Eiriz Fernandez, C., Ojeda-Thies, C., Pardo Garcia, J. M., Di Martino, M., De la Hoz Rodriguez, A., García Septiem, J., Maqueda González, R., Delgado Búrdalo, L., Correa Bonito, A., Martin-Perez, E., García Villayzán, J. E., Albi Martin, B., Lozano Lominchar, P., Martin, L., Fernadez, M., Rey-Valcarcel, C., Tousidonis, M., Martin-Albo Caballero, L., Lowy, A., Alonso Ortuño, P., Ayuso Herrera, E., Caño Velasco, J., Aragon-Chamizo, J., Perez Diaz, M. D., Mateo-Sierra, O., Quintana-Villamandos, B., Barrio, J. M., Fanjul, M., Sanchez- Perez, C., Fernandez, M. L., Hernandez-Kakauridze, S., Rio, J., Díaz Pérez, D., Serrano González, J., Colao García, L., Gutierrez Samaniego, M., Hernandez Bartolome, M. A., Galindo Jara, P., Esteban Agustí, E., Ripollés-Melchor, J., Abad-Motos, A., Abad-Gurumeta, A., Martínez-Hurtado, E., Ruiz-Escobar, A. B., Rogly, N., Guasch, E., Hernandez Gutierrez, A., Bartha Rasero, J. L., Perez, Y., Garcia-Pineda, V., Gracia, M., Siegrist Ridruejo, J., Diestro, M. D., Sanchez-Mendez, J. I., Marti, C., Melendez, M., Moreno-Palacios, E., Loayza, A., Frias, L., Zapardiel, I., Rubio-Perez, I., Prieto Nieto, M. I., Guevara, J., Gegundez Simon, A., Gortazar, S., Chavarrias, N., Alvarez, E., Saavedra, J., Ramos-Martin, P., Urbieta, A., Gomez Rivas, J., Toribio-Vázquez, C., Yebes, A., Hernández-García, M., Losada, M., Diéguez, B., García-Conde, M., Alonso Poza, A., Marquez, L., Becerra, R., Martin, M., Jorgensen, T., Muguerza, J. M., Dziakova, J., Sánchez del Pueblo, C., Saez Carlin, P., Camarero, E., Picazo, S., Pizarro, M. J., Avellana, R., Catalán, V., Lopez Antoñanzas, L., Cano, O., Anula, R., Sanz Lopez, R., Sanz Ortega, G., Garcia Alonso, M., Torres, A. J., Martin Antona, E., Garcia Botella, S., Ramos, D., Barranquero, A. G., Ocaña, J., Núñez, J., Cerro Zaballos, C., Crego-Vita, D., Huecas-Martinez, M., Diez Alonso, M., Mendoza-Moreno, F., Vera Mansilla, C., Ovejero Merino, E., Hernandez, P., Blazquez Martin, A., Ruiz Grande, F., Morales Palacios, N., Garcia-Loarte Gomez, E., Garca Rico, E., Minaya-Bravo, A. M., San Miguel Méndez, C., Galvan Pérez, A., Gonzalez-Gonzalez, E., Robin Valle de Lersundi, A., Calcerrada Alises, E., García-Ureña, M. A., Cruz Cidoncha, A., Troncoso Pereira, P., Alcaide Matas, F., García Pérez, J. M., Muñoz Vives, J. M., Osorio, A., Gómez Díaz, C. J., Guariglia, C. A., Soto Montesinos, C., Sanchon, L., Xicola Martínez, M., Guàrdia, N., Collera, P., Diaz Del Gobbo, R., Sanchez Jimenez, R., Farre Font, R., Flores Clotet, R., Calvo Espino, P., Guillamot Ruano, P., Rey-Biel, J., Pingarrón-Martin, L., Ruiz Martin, I., Moliner Sanchez, C., Carrasco-Prats, M., Giménez-Francés, C., Ruiz-Marín, M., Fernández-López, A. J., García-Escudero, D., García-Porcel, V., Lax-Pérez, R., Sánchez-Robles, M., Valero-Soriano, M., Medina-Manuel, E., García-Soria, V., Gurrea-Almela, E., Marco-Garrido, A., Martínez-Alonso, J. A., González-Valverde, F. M., Fernández-Fernández, P. V., Sánchez- Rodríguez, C., Aguilar-Jimenez, J., Baeza-Murcia, M., Aguayo-Albasini, J. L., Nicolás-López, T., Alconchel, F., Fernández Martínez, D., Solar-Garcia, L., García Flórez, L. J., Llaquet Bayo, H., Pujol-Cano, N., Segura-Sampedro, J. J., Soldevila-Verdeguer, C., Jeri-McFarlane, S., Gil-Catalan, A., Craus-Miguel, A., Cruz, L., Valente, P., Afonso-Garcia, M., Ferrer-Inaebnit, E., Oseira-Reigosa, A., Fernandez-Vega, L., Villalonga-Ramirez, B., Gonzalez Argente, F. X., Mora-Guzmán, I., Landete Molina, F. J., Morera Ocón, F. J., Canelles Corell, E., Gavaldà Pellicé, M. T., Salinas Peña, J. R., Cavallé Busquets, P., Trebol, J., Sánchez-Casado, A. B., Munoz-Bellvis, L., Pérez-Sánchez, L. E., Concepción Martín, V., Díaz García, A., Vallve-Bernal, M., Calvo Rey, A., Prada hervella, G. M., Dos Santos Carregal, L., Rodriguez Fernandez, M. I., Freijeiro, M., El Drubi Vega, S., Picardo, A. L., Cuadrado-Garcia, A., Serralta de Colsa, D., Rojo Lopez, J. A., Sanchez Cabezudo Noguera, F., Ortega Vazquez, I., Garcia-Sancho Tellez, L., Mato, P., Heras Aznar, J., Jimeno Fraile, J., Morales-Garcia, D., Carrillo-Rivas, M., Toledo Martínez, E., Pascual, À., Senent-Boza, A., Sánchez-Arteaga, A., Benítez-Linero, I., Manresa-Manresa, F., Tallón-Aguilar, L., Melero-Cortés, L., Fernández-Marín, M. R., Durán-Muñoz-Cruzado, V. M., Ramallo-Solís, I., Beltrán-Miranda, P., Pareja-Ciuró, F., Antón-Eguía, B. T., Oliva Mompean, F., Gomez-Rosado, J., Reguera-Rosal, J., Valdes-Hernandez, J., Capitan-Morales, L., del Toro Lopez, M. D., Achalandabaso Boira, M., Memba Ikuga, R., Abellán, M., Sales, R., Olona, C., Jorba, R., Hernandez Gutierrez, J., Tébar Zamora, A., Sancho-Muriel, J., Cholewa, H., Frasson, M., Domenech, J., Roselló Añón, A., Sangüesa, M. J., Moro-Valdezate, D., Garcés-Albir, M., Lopez, F., Bernal-Sprekelsen, J. C., Catalá Bauset, J. C., Renovell Ferrer, P., Martínez Pérez, C., Gil-Albarova, O., Gilabert Estellés, J., Aghababyan, K., De Andrés-Asenjo, B., Beltrán de Heredia, J., Vázquez-Fernández, A., Ortiz de Solorzano-Aurusa, F. J., Trujillo-Díaz, J., Ruiz-Soriano, M., Jezieniecki, C., Gómez-Sanz, T., Núñez-Del Barrio, H., Romero-De Diego, A., García-Virto, V., Aguado, H. J., Fernández Martín, M. T., Tejero-Pintor, F. J., Pérez-Saborido, B., Choolani Bhojwani, E., Acebes García, F., Marcos-Santos, P., Bueno Cañones, A. D., Sanchez Gonzalez, J., Toledano, M., Bailón, M., Pacheco Sánchez, D., Paniagua Garcia Senorans, M., Sanchez-Santos, R., Vazquez Melero, A., Garcia, D., Díez, E., Herrero, I., Soeda, I. M., Camuera, M., Balluerca, M., Sánchez-Rubio, M., Paunero Vazquez, P., Martinez-German, A., Gracia-Roche, C., Gascon-Ferrer, I., Duque-Mallen, V., De Miguel-Ardevines, M. D. C., Sanchez-Fuentes, N., Santero-Ramirez, M. S., Matute-Najarro, M., Herrero-Lopez, M., Sanchez-Rubio, M., Cantalejo-Diaz, M., Gonzalez-Nicolas-Trebol, M. T., Saudi-Moro, S., Jariod-Ferrer, U. M., Rivas, F., Escartin, J., Blas Laina, J. L., Nogués, A., Cros, B., Talal El-Abur, I., Garcia Egea, J., Yanez, C., Jayarajah, U., Ravindrakumar, S., Rodrigo, V. S. D., Arulanantham, A., Bandara, G. B. K. D., Hamid, H. K. S., Ali, E. E., Widatalla, A. B. H., Bakheit, I., Awadelkarim, M., Ali karar, A. A., Saleh, M., Taflin, H., Myrelid, P., Amorim Braz, L., Hagander, L., Hambraeus, M., Omling, E., Salö, M., Arkani, S., Freedman, J., Montan, C., Lindqvist, E. K., Elbe, P., Hultgren, R., Älgå, A., Nordberg, M., Sandblom, G., Rutegård, M., Holmner, F., Sund, M., Löfgren, N., Tampakis, A., Kollmar, O., von Fluee, M., Balaphas, A., Toso, C., Colucci, N., Popeskou, S. G., Gass, M., Scheiwiller, A., Metzger, J., Gialamas, E., Chevallay, M., Sauvain, M., Dwidar, O., Kiessling, S. Y., Stoeckli, S. J., Mongelli, F., Bernasconi, M., Di Giuseppe, M., Christoforidis, D., La Regina, D., Arigoni, M., Adamina, M., Peros, G., Guglielmetti, L., Solimene, F., Giardini, M., Bächler, T., Crugnale, A. S., Gutschow, C. A., Turina, M., Ersen, O., Onan, M. A., Kozan, R., Erol, T., Dincer, H. A., Yildiz, A., Iflazoglu, N., Yalkın, O., Isik, A., Ozben, V., Aytac, E., Aliyeva, Z., Akaydin, E., Ozmen, B. B., Baca, B., Altinel, Y., Calikoglu, F., Tokocin, M., Hacim, N. A., Akbas, A., Meric, S., Vartanoglu, T., Yigitbas, H., Ercetin, C., Ercan, G., Ozgur, I., Keskin, M., Saracoglu, K. T., Cimenoglu, B., Demirhan, R., Kale, A., Simsek, T., Gundogdu, E. C., Abbasov, A., Tanal, M., Citgez, B., Bozkurt, E., Yetkin, S. G., Mihmanli, M., Alhamed, A., Ergun, S., Sanli, A. N., Velidedeoglu, M., OZcelik k, M. F., Uludag, S. S., Zengin, A. K., Cebi, S., Demirkiran, F., Bese, T., Acikgoz, A. S., Kayan, B., Aykanat, Y., Mutlu, D., Göksoy, B., Kara, Y., Bozkurt, M. A., Kocatas, A., Öğücü, H., Uslu, G., Arican, C., Tugmen, C., Aydin, C., Yesilyurt, D., Avci, E. K., Kebapçı, E., Kilinc, G., Sert, İ., Tuncer, K., Akalin, M., Emiroglu, M., Demirli Atici, S., Salimoğlu, S., Kaya, T., Kirmizi, Y., Tatar, O. C., Yüksel, E., Güler, S. A., Yildirim, A., Utkan, N. Z., Gözal, K., Köken, H., Yabas, A., Gonullu, E., Altintoprak, F., Akin, E., Kamburoglu, B., Capoglu, R., Kucuk, F., Demir, H., Cakmak, G., Firat, N., Celebi, F., Kocer, B., Mantoglu, B., Bayhan, Z., Dikicier, E., Colak, E., Kucuk, G. O., Karaman, E., Kolusab, A., Karaaslan, O., Majid, I., Alshryda, S., Abbas, F., Abbas, F. M. A., Mohammed, D., Tahlak, M. A., Yammahi, A., Albaroudi, A. A., Elyafawi, B., Saber, A., Khansaheb, H., Alsaadi, H., Alzarooni, N., Bekheit, M., Kamera, B. S., Elhusseini, M., Sharma, P., Ahmeidat, A., Gradinariu, G., Cymes, W., Hannah, A., Mignot, G., Shaikh, S., Agilinko, J., Angelou, D., Neely, D., McCanny, A., McAree, B., Baldwin, A. J., West, R., Gammeri, E., Catton, A., Marinos Kouris, S., Pereca, J., Singh, J., Seymour, Z., Jones, R., Leeson, S., Peevor, R., Lala, A. K., Houlden, C., Kahiu, J., Hossain, N., Hosny, S., Patel, P., Handa, S., Kaushal, M., Kler, A., Reghuram, V., Tezas, S., Fairhurst, K., Yates, C., Mitchell, S., Bunni, J., Richards, S., George, R., Lee, S. M., Phull, J., Frost, J., Burnard, S., Crowley, R., Airey, A., Bevan, K., Makin-Taylor, R., Ong, C. S., Callan, R., Bloom, O., Aljanadi, F., Moawad, N., Jones, M., Gregg, A., Jeganathan, R., Pachl, M., Martin, B., Archer, J. E., Odeh, A., Siddaiah, N., Singhal, R., Naumann, D. N., Karandikar, S., Syed, A., Tucker, O. N., Alam, R., Kalkat, M., Mak, J. K. C., Kulkarni, R., Sharma, N., Nankivell, P., Tirotta, F., Parente, A., Breik, O., Kisiel, A., Cato, L. D., Saeed, S., Bhangu, A., Griffiths, E., Pathanki, A. M., Ford, S., Desai, A., Almond, M., Kamal, M., Sundar, S., Leung, E. Y. L., Kaur, R., Brett-Miller, C., Buruiana, F. E., Markose, G., De Gea Rico, A., Taib, A., Myatt, D., Sulaiman Khaled, A., Younis, F., Sultana, A., Taggarsi, M., Vitone, L., Lambert, J., Vaz, O. P., Sarantitis, I., Shrestha, D., Timbrell, S., Shugaba, A., Quddus, B., Law, J., Bittar, M. N., Creanga, M., Elniel, M., Youssef, M., Ali, S., Qadri, S. T., Brixton, G., Findlay, L., Klatte, T., Majkowska, A., Manson, J., Potter, R., Oktseloglou, V., Mosley, F., De La Cruz Monroy, M. F. I., Bobak, P., Omar, I., Ahad, S., Langlands, F., Brown, V., Hashem, M., Kennedy, L., Jaunoo, S., Coomber, E., Williams, O., Rhodes, H. L., Williams, A., Ridgway, A., Pournaras, D., Britton, E., Lostis, E., Ambler, G. K., Chu, H., Hopkins, J., Manara, J., Chan, M., Doe, M., Moon, R. D. C., Lawday, S., Jichi, T., Singleton, W., Main, B., Maccabe, T., Newton, C., Blencowe, N. S., Fudulu, D. P., Bhojwani, D., Baquedano, M., Caputo, M., Rapetto, F., Flannery, O., Hassan, A., Coonar, A., Aresu, G., Smith, C., Gearon, D., Hogan, J., Pradeep, I. S., Durio Yates, H., Peryt, A., Barrett-Brown, Z. M., King, M., Ahmadi, N., Jenkins, D., Moorjani, N., Taghavi, F., Wells, F., Hardie, J., Page, S., Anazor, F., King, S. D., Luck, J., Kazzaz, S., Mannion, R., Stewart, G. D., Ramzi, J., Mohan, M., Singh, A. A., Ashcroft, J., Baker, O. J., Coughlin, P., Davies, R. J., Durst, A. Z. E. D., Abood, A., Habeeb, A., Hudson, V. E., Kolias, A., Lamb, B., Luke, L., Mitrasinovic, S., Murphy, S., Ngu, A. W. T., O'Neill, J. R., Waseem, S., Wong, K., Georgiades, F., Hutchinson, P. J., Tan, X. S., Pushpa-rajah, J., Colquhoun, A., Masterson, L., Abu-Nayla, I., Walker, C., Balakrishnan, A., Rooney, S., Irune, E., Byrne, M. H. V., Durrani, A., Simoes, A., Eddy, B., Streeter, E., Ahmed, I., Yao, M., Wang, W., Djouani, A., Tait-Bailey, J., Thomas, M., Hassan, F., Kommu, S., Chopra, S., Richards, T., Sethuraman Venkatesan, A., Combellack, T., Williams, J., Tahhan, G., Mohammed, M., Kornaszewska, M., Valtzoglou, V., Deglurkar, I., Rahman, M., Von Oppell, U., Mehta, D., Koutentakis, M., Syed Nong Chek, S. A. H., Hill, G., Morris, C., Shinkwin, M., Torkington, J., Cornish, J., Houston, R., Mannan, S., Ayeni, F., Tustin, H., Bordenave, M., Robson, A., Dovell, G., Preece, R., Rolland, P., Miranda, B. H., Sobti, A., Khaleel, A., Unnithan, A., Memon, K., Pala Bhaskar, R. R., Maqboul, F., Kamel, F., Al-Samaraee, A., Madani, R., Kumar, L., Nisar, P., Agrawal, S., Vimalachandran, D., Manu, N., Eardley, N., Krishnan, E., Serevina, O. L., Martin, E., Jones, A., Roy Mahapatra, S., Clifford, R., Jones, G. P., Gardner, A., Tripathi, S. S., Greenhalgh, M. S., Matthews, W., Mohankumar, K., Khawaja, I., Palepa, A., Doulias, T., Gill, C., Dunne, N., Sarma, D. R., Godbole, C., Carlos, W., Tewari, N., Jeevan, D., Naredla, P., Khajuria, A., Connolly, H., Robertson, S., Sweeney, C., Di Taranto, G., Shanbhag, S., Dickson, K., McEvoy, K., Skillman, J., Sait, M., Al-omishy, H., Baig, M., Heer, B., Brown, A., Ebrahim, A., Alwadiya, A., Goyal, A., Phillips, A., Bhalla, A., Demetriou, C., Grimley, E., Theophilidou, E., Ogden, E., Malcolm, F. L., Davies-Jones, G., Ng, J. C. K., Mirza, M., Hassan, M., Elmaleh, N., Daliya, P., Williams, S., Bateman, A., Chia, Z., Premakumar, Y., Jauhari, Y., Koshnow, Z., Bowen, D., Uberai, A., Hirri, F., Stubbs, B. M., Crichton, R., Sonksen, J., Aldridge, K., McDonald, C., Manickavasagam, J., Ragupathy, K., Davison, S., Dalgleish, S., McGrath, N., Kanitkar, R., Payne, C. J., Ramsay, L., Ng, C. E., Collier, T., Khan, K., Evans, R., Brennan, C., Henshall, D. E., Drake, T., Harrison, E. M., Zamvar, V., Tambyraja, A., Skipworth, R. J. E., Linder, G., McGregor, R., Brennan, P., Mayes, J., Ross, L., Smith, S., White, T., Jamjoom, A. A. B., Pasricha, R., Gallagher, K., Swan, R., Paterson, H., Maeda, Y., Kwok, A. M. F., Tsiaousidou, A., Vaughan-Shaw, P. G., Boyle, C., Fernando, D., Tham, D., Leung, S., Laird, A., Holme, T., Abbott, S., Razik, A., Thrumurthy, S., Steinke, J., Baker, M., Howden, D., Baxter, Z., Osagie, L., Bence, M., Fowler, G. E., Massey, L., Rajaretnam, N., Evans, J., John, J., Goubran, A., Campain, N., McDermott, F. D., McGrath, J. S., Ng, M., Pascoe, J., Phillips, J. R. A., Daniels, I. R., A'Court, J., Konarski, A., Faulkner, G., Emerson, H., Vejsbjerg, K., Pearce, L., McCormick, W., Fisher, A., Singisetti, K., Aawsaj, Y., Bajomo, O., Rizvi, S., Grimes, C., Dusu, K., Tint, P. Y., Kirk, A., Irvine, V., Lammy, S., O'Kane, R., Elliott, L., Mccabe, G., Holroyd, D., Jamieson, N. B., Geddes, A., McMahon, J., McCaul, J., Al-Azzawi, M., Aitken, E., Glen, P., Sinan, L. O. H., Grivas, A., Tilling, E. J., Brown, O., Boal, M., Dean, H., Higgs, S., Stanger, S., Abdalaziz, H., Constable, J., Ishii, H., Gopi reddy, R., Madhuri, T. K., Tailor, A., Flavin, M., Walker, D., Humphries, S., Assalaarachchi, H., Curl-Roper, T., Westwood, E., Delimpalta, C., Liao, C. C. L., Velchuru, V., Raptis, D. A., Pollok, J. M., Machairas, N., Davidson, B., Fusai, G., Soggiu, F., Xyda, S., Hidalgo Salinas, C., Tzerbinis, H., Pissanou, T., Gilliland, J., Varcada, M., Hart, C., Mirnezami, R., Knowles, J., Angamuthu, N., Vijay, V., Shakir, T., Hasan, R., Tansey, R., Hardie, C., Powell-Smith, E., Kashora, F., Siddique, M. H., Singh, A., Barmpagianni, C., Basgaran, A., Basha, A., Okechukwu, V., Bartsch, A., Gallagher, P., Maqsood, A., Sahnan, K., Leo, C. A., Lewis, S. E., Ubhi, H. 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P., Baron, R., Dunne, D., Szatmary, P., Thomas, A., McNicol, F., Gahunia, S., Sochorova, D., Nita, G. E., McKinney, R., Russ, J., Tan, J. R., Harwood, R., Corbett, H. J., Rossborough, C., Skelly, B. L., Che Bakri, N. A., Nazarian, S., Vashisht, R., Jiao, L., Jawad, Z., Allan, A. Y., Kontovounisios, C., Grove, T., Warren, O., Fadel, M. G., Chatzikonstantinou, M., Sorelli, P., Rahman, S., Hadjipavlou, M., Holbrook, C., Chong, C., Kufeji, D., Rufai, S. R., Lloyd, I. C., James, G., Chari, A., Silva, A. H. 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M., Erridge, S., Kinross, J., Denning, M., Yalamanchili, S., Abuown, A., Ibrahim, M., Martin, G., Davenport, D., Wheatstone, S., Kasivisvanathan, V., Kapriniotis, K., Elhamshary, A., Imam, S. M. B., Kalavrezos, N., Sinha, D., Chand, M., Green, L., Beech, N., McEwen, R., Kiconco, H., Andreani, S. M., Bath, M. F., Sahni, A., Judkins, N., Rigueros Springford, L., Bacarese-Hamilton, J., Taylor, F. G., Parmar, C., Mccluney, S., Shah, S., Talwar, R., Patel, K., Askari, A., Jambulingam, P. S., Shaw, S., Maity, A., Hatzantonis, C., Sagar, J., Kudchadkar, S., Cirocchi, N., Chan, C. H., Reynolds, J., Alexander, M. E., Smart, C. J., Jayasankar, B., Balasubramaniam, D., Abdelsaid, K., Mundkur, N., Gallagher, B., Shah, J., Anthoney, J., Emmerson, O., Stylianides, N., Abdalla, M., Newton, K., Bhatia, K., Edmondson, R., Abdeh, L., Jones, D., Zeiton, M., Ismail, O., Naseem, H., Advani, R., Duff, S., Moura, F., Brown, B. C., Khan, A., Asaad, P., Wadham, B., Aneke, I. 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Francone E., Gentilli S., Nikaj H., Fiorini A., Norcini C., Chessa A., Marino M.V., Mirabella A., Vaccarella G., Musini L., Ampollini L., Bergonzani M., Varazzani A., Bellanti L., Domenichini M., Cabrini E., Fornasari A., Freyrie A., Dejana D.O., D'Angelo G., Bertoli G., Di Lella F., Bocchialini G., Falcioni M., Lanfranco D., Poli T., Giuffrida M., Annicchiarico A., Perrone G., Catena F., Raffaele A., De Manzoni Garberini A., Baldini E., Conti L., Ribolla M., Capelli P., Isolani S.M., Maniscalco P., Cauteruccio M., Ciatti C., Puma Pagliarello C., Gattoni S., Galleano R., Malerba M., Ciciliot M., Farnesi F., Calabro M., Pipitone Federico N.S., Lunghi E.G., Muratore A., Di Franco G., Palmeri M., Tartaglia D., Coccolini F., Chiarugi M., Simoncini T., Gadducci A., Caretto M., Giannini A., Perutelli A., Domenici L., Garibaldi S., Capanna R., Andreani L., Furbetta N., Guadagni S., Bianchini M., Gianardi D., Pinotti E., Montuori M., Carissimi F., Baronio G., Zizzo M., Castro Ruiz C., Annessi V., Montella M.T., Falco G., Mele S., Ferrari G., Mastrofilippo V., Mandato V.D., Aguzzoli L., Corbellini C., Baldi C., Sampietro G.M., Palini G.M., Zanini N., Garulli G., Barone R., Murgese A., Mungo S., Grasso M., Marafante C., Birolo S.L., Moggia E., Caccetta M., Masciandaro A., Deirino A., Garino M., Perinotti R., Maiello F., Gordini L., Lombardi C.P., Marzi F., Marra A.A., Ratto C., Di Muro M., Litta F., De Simone V., Cozza V., Rosa F., Agnes A., Parello A., Alfieri S., Sganga G., Lapolla P., Mingoli A., De Toma G., Fiori E., La Torre F., Sapienza P., Brachini G., Cirillo B., Iannone I., Zambon M., Chiappini A., Meneghini S., Fonsi G.B., Cicerchia P.M., Bruzzaniti P., Santoro A., Frati A., Marruzzo G., Ribuffo D., Sagnotta A., Marino Cosentino L., Mancini S., Lisi G., Spoletini D., Bellato V., Campanelli M., Sica G., Siragusa L., Bonavina L., Asti E., Bernardi D., Lovece A., Perra T., Porcu A., Fancellu A., Feo C.F., Scanu A.M., Tuminello F., Franceschi A., Langone A., Fleres F., 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Gracia M., Siegrist Ridruejo J., Diestro M.D., Sanchez-Mendez J.I., Marti C., Melendez M., Moreno-Palacios E., Loayza A., Frias L., Zapardiel I., Rubio-Perez I., Prieto Nieto M.I., Guevara J., Gegundez Simon A., Gortazar S., Chavarrias N., Alvarez E., Saavedra J., Ramos-Martin P., Urbieta A., Gomez Rivas J., Toribio-Vazquez C., Yebes A., Hernandez-Garcia M., Losada M., Dieguez B., Garcia-Conde M., Alonso Poza A., Marquez L., Becerra R., Martin M., Jorgensen T., Muguerza J.M., Dziakova J., Sanchez del Pueblo C., Saez Carlin P., Camarero E., Picazo S., Pizarro M.J., Avellana R., Catalan V., Lopez Antonanzas L., Cano O., Anula R., Sanz Lopez R., Sanz Ortega G., Garcia Alonso M., Torres A.J., Martin Antona E., Garcia Botella S., Ramos D., Barranquero A.G., Ocana J., Nunez J., Cerro Zaballos C., Crego-Vita D., Huecas-Martinez M., Diez Alonso M., Mendoza-Moreno F., Vera Mansilla C., Ovejero Merino E., Hernandez P., Blazquez Martin A., Ruiz Grande F., Morales Palacios N., Garcia-Loarte Gomez E., Garca Rico E., Minaya-Bravo A.M., San Miguel Mendez C., Galvan Perez A., Gonzalez-Gonzalez E., Robin Valle de Lersundi A., Calcerrada Alises E., Garcia-Urena M.A., Cruz Cidoncha A., Troncoso Pereira P., Alcaide Matas F., Garcia Perez J.M., Munoz Vives J.M., Osorio A., Gomez Diaz C.J., Guariglia C.A., Soto Montesinos C., Sanchon L., Xicola Martinez M., Guardia N., Collera P., Diaz Del Gobbo R., Sanchez Jimenez R., Farre Font R., Flores Clotet R., Calvo Espino P., Guillamot Ruano P., Rey-Biel J., Pingarron-Martin L., Ruiz Martin I., Moliner Sanchez C., Carrasco-Prats M., Gimenez-Frances C., Ruiz-Marin M., Fernandez-Lopez A.J., Garcia-Escudero D., Garcia-Porcel V., Lax-Perez R., Sanchez-Robles M., Valero-Soriano M., Medina-Manuel E., Garcia-Soria V., Gurrea-Almela E., Marco-Garrido A., Martinez-Alonso J.A., Gonzalez-Valverde F.M., Fernandez-Fernandez P.V., Sanchez- Rodriguez C., Aguilar-Jimenez J., Baeza-Murcia M., Aguayo-Albasini J.L., Nicolas-Lopez T., Alconchel F., Fernandez Martinez D., Solar-Garcia L., Garcia Florez L.J., Llaquet Bayo H., Pujol-Cano N., Segura-Sampedro J.J., Soldevila-Verdeguer C., Jeri-McFarlane S., Gil-Catalan A., Craus-Miguel A., Cruz L., Valente P., Afonso-Garcia M., Ferrer-Inaebnit E., Oseira-Reigosa A., Fernandez-Vega L., Villalonga-Ramirez B., Gonzalez Argente F.X., Mora-Guzman I., Landete Molina F.J., Morera Ocon F.J., Canelles Corell E., Gavalda Pellice M.T., Salinas Pena J.R., Cavalle Busquets P., Trebol J., Sanchez-Casado A.B., Munoz-Bellvis L., Perez-Sanchez L.E., Concepcion Martin V., Diaz Garcia A., Vallve-Bernal M., Calvo Rey A., Prada hervella G.M., Dos Santos Carregal L., Rodriguez Fernandez M.I., Freijeiro M., El Drubi Vega S., Picardo A.L., Cuadrado-Garcia A., Serralta de Colsa D., Rojo Lopez J.A., Sanchez Cabezudo Noguera F., Ortega Vazquez I., Garcia-Sancho Tellez L., Mato P., Heras Aznar J., Jimeno Fraile J., Morales-Garcia D., Carrillo-Rivas M., Toledo Martinez E., Pascual A., Senent-Boza A., Sanchez-Arteaga A., Benitez-Linero I., Manresa-Manresa F., Tallon-Aguilar L., Melero-Cortes L., Fernandez-Marin M.R., Duran-Munoz-Cruzado V.M., Ramallo-Solis I., Beltran-Miranda P., Pareja-Ciuro F., Anton-Eguia B.T., Oliva Mompean F., Gomez-Rosado J., Reguera-Rosal J., Valdes-Hernandez J., Capitan-Morales L., del Toro Lopez M.D., Achalandabaso Boira M., Memba Ikuga R., Abellan M., Sales R., Olona C., Jorba R., Hernandez Gutierrez J., Tebar Zamora A., Sancho-Muriel J., Cholewa H., Frasson M., Domenech J., Rosello Anon A., Sanguesa M.J., Moro-Valdezate D., Garces-Albir M., Lopez F., Bernal-Sprekelsen J.C., Catala Bauset J.C., Renovell Ferrer P., Martinez Perez C., Gil-Albarova O., Gilabert Estelles J., Aghababyan K., De Andres-Asenjo B., Beltran de Heredia J., Vazquez-Fernandez A., Ortiz de Solorzano-Aurusa F.J., Trujillo-Diaz J., Ruiz-Soriano M., Jezieniecki C., Gomez-Sanz T., Nunez-Del Barrio H., Romero-De Diego A., Garcia-Virto V., Aguado H.J., Fernandez Martin M.T., Tejero-Pintor F.J., Perez-Saborido B., Choolani Bhojwani E., Acebes Garcia F., Marcos-Santos P., Bueno Canones A.D., Sanchez Gonzalez J., Toledano M., Bailon M., Pacheco Sanchez D., Paniagua Garcia Senorans M., Sanchez-Santos R., Vazquez Melero A., Garcia D., Diez E., Herrero I., Soeda I.M., Camuera M., Balluerca M., Sanchez-Rubio M., Paunero Vazquez P., Martinez-German A., Gracia-Roche C., Gascon-Ferrer I., Duque-Mallen V., De Miguel-Ardevines M.D.C., Sanchez-Fuentes N., Santero-Ramirez M.S., Matute-Najarro M., Herrero-Lopez M., Cantalejo-Diaz M., Gonzalez-Nicolas-Trebol M.T., Saudi-Moro S., Jariod-Ferrer U.M., Rivas F., Escartin J., Blas Laina J.L., Nogues A., Cros B., Talal El-Abur I., Garcia Egea J., Yanez C., Ravindrakumar S., Rodrigo V.S.D., Arulanantham A., Bandara G.B.K.D., Hamid H.K.S., Ali E.E., Widatalla A.B.H., Bakheit I., Awadelkarim M., Ali karar A.A., Saleh M., Taflin H., Myrelid P., Amorim Braz L., Hagander L., Hambraeus M., Omling E., Salo M., Arkani S., Freedman J., Montan C., Lindqvist E.K., Elbe P., Hultgren R., Alga A., Nordberg M., Sandblom G., Holmner F., Lofgren N., Tampakis A., Kollmar O., von Fluee M., Balaphas A., Toso C., Colucci N., Popeskou S.G., Gass M., Scheiwiller A., Metzger J., Gialamas E., Chevallay M., Sauvain M., Dwidar O., Kiessling S.Y., Stoeckli S.J., Mongelli F., Bernasconi M., Di Giuseppe M., Christoforidis D., La Regina D., Arigoni M., Adamina M., Peros G., Guglielmetti L., Solimene F., Giardini M., Bachler T., Crugnale A.S., Gutschow C.A., Turina M., Ersen O., Onan M.A., Kozan R., Erol T., Dincer H.A., Yildiz A., Iflazoglu N., Yalkin O., Ozben V., Aytac E., Aliyeva Z., Akaydin E., Ozmen B.B., Baca B., Altinel Y., Calikoglu F., Tokocin M., Hacim N.A., Akbas A., Meric S., Vartanoglu T., Yigitbas H., Ercetin C., Ercan G., Ozgur I., Keskin M., Saracoglu K.T., Cimenoglu B., Demirhan R., Kale A., Simsek T., Gundogdu E.C., Abbasov A., Tanal M., Citgez B., Bozkurt E., Yetkin S.G., Mihmanli M., Alhamed A., Ergun S., Sanli A.N., Velidedeoglu M., OZcelik k M.F., 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M.A., Jayasinghe J.D., Leal Silva I., Thakur B., Lebe M., Thet M.S., Hughes F., Rahman R., Fuwa O., Oo A., Bueser T., Curtis M., Stamenkovic S.A., Abbott T., Anwar S., Williams K., Chung E., Hagger R., Karim A., Hainsworth A., Flatman M., Trompeter A., Hing C., Tsinaslanidis P., Benjamin M.W., Leyte A., Tan C., Smelt J., Vaughan P., Santhirakumaran G., Hunt I., Raza M., Labib A., Luo X., Sudarsanam A., Rolls A., Lyons O., Onida S., Shalhoub J., Sugand K., Park C., Sarraf K.M., Erridge S., Kinross J., Denning M., Yalamanchili S., Abuown A., Ibrahim M., Martin G., Davenport D., Wheatstone S., Kasivisvanathan V., Kapriniotis K., Elhamshary A., Imam S.M.B., Kalavrezos N., Sinha D., Chand M., Green L., Beech N., McEwen R., Kiconco H., Andreani S.M., Bath M.F., Sahni A., Judkins N., Rigueros Springford L., Bacarese-Hamilton J., Taylor F.G., Parmar C., Mccluney S., Shah S., Talwar R., Patel K., Askari A., Jambulingam P.S., Shaw S., Maity A., Hatzantonis C., Sagar J., Kudchadkar S., Cirocchi N., Chan C.H., Reynolds J., Alexander M.E., Smart C.J., Jayasankar B., Balasubramaniam D., Abdelsaid K., Mundkur N., Gallagher B., Shah J., Anthoney J., Emmerson O., Stylianides N., Abdalla M., Newton K., Bhatia K., Edmondson R., Abdeh L., Jones D., Zeiton M., Ismail O., Naseem H., Advani R., Duff S., Moura F., Brown B.C., Khan A., Asaad P., Wadham B., Aneke I.A., Collis J., Warburton H., Fell A., Smith A., Halkias C., Nikolaou S., English C., Kristinsson S., Oni T., Ilahi N., Ballantyne K., Woodward Z., Merh R., Dunning J., Viswanath Y., Freystaetter K., Dixon J., Hadfield J.N., Hilley A., Egglestone A., Smith B., Hine T., Keeler B., Soulsby R.E., Taylor A., Davies E., Ryska O., Raymond T., Rogers S., Tong A., Hawkin P., Tingle S., Abbadessa F., Sachdeva A., Rai B., Chan C.D., McPherson I., Booth K., Mahmoud Ali F., Pandanaboyana S., Grainger T., Nandhra S., Patience A., Roy C., Williams T., Dawe N., McCaffer C., Riches J., Bhattacharya S., Moir J., Kalson N.S., Elamin Ahmed H., Mellor C., Saleh C., Koshy R.M., Hammond J., Sanderson L., Wahed S., Phillips A.W., Ghosh K., Tang A., Beamish A.J., Price C., Bosanquet D., Magowan D., Solari F., Williams G., Nassa H., Smith L., Robertson-Smith B., Mahmoud A., Ameerally P., Finch J.G., Gnanachandran C., Pop I., Rogers M., Yousef Y., Mohamed I., Woods R., Zahid H., Mundy G., Sreedharan L., Baskaran D., Shaikh I., Seebah K., Reid J., Watts D., Kouritas V., Chrastek D., Maryan G., Gill D.F., Khatun F., Gajjar K., Williamson K., Bratt D., Konstantinidi K., Walton T., Burnside N., Weaver H., Hawari M., Addae-Boateng E., Rollett R.A., Collins M.L., Tamimy M.S., Riyat H., Wen J., Neil-Dwyer J., Brewer H., Humes D., Worku D., Chowdhury A., Oyende O., Lewis-Lloyd C., Adiamah A., Koh A., Jackman J., Vohra R., Navarro A., Reilly J., Aujayeb A., Townshend D., McLarty N., Shenfine A., Jackson K., Johnson C., Dass D., Ford D., Winter S.C., Belcher E., Stavroulias D., Di Chiara F., Wallwork K., Qureishi A., Lami M., Sravanam S., Mastoridis S., Shah K., Chidambaram S., Smillie R., Shaw A.V., Bandyopadhyay S., Cernei C., Bretherton C., Jeyaretna D., Ganau M., Piper R.J., Duck E., Brown S., Jelley C., Tucker S.C., Bond-Smith G., Griffin X.L., Tebala G.D., Neal N., Vatish M., Noton T.M., Ghattaura H., Maher M., Fu H., Risk O.B.F., Soleymani majd H., Sinha S., Shankar S., Aggarwal A., Kharkar H., Lakhoo K., Verberne C., Dean B., Luney C., Myatt R., Williams M.A., McVeigh J., Labib P.L., Miller D., Minto G., Hope N., Marchbank A., Emslie K., Panahi P., Ho B., Perkins C., Clough E., Roy H., Enemosah I., Campbell R., Natale J., Gohil K., Rela M., Raza N., Biliatis I., Khan J., Thiruchandran G., Toh S.K.C., Ahmad Y., Allana A., Bellis C., Babawale O., Phan Y.C., Lokman U., Ismail M., Koc T., Witek A., Duggleby L., Shamoon S., Stefan S., Clancy H., Chadha R., Middleton S.B., Wilmott K., Hayden C., Mclaren C., Sutton J., Whyte A., Belgaumkar A., Day A., Gilbert C., Oyewole B., Narayan P., Dent H., Sandhya A., De Silva T., Waheed S., Kapoor K., Belgaumkar A.P., Fahim M., Gala T., Mithany R., Morgan R., Abdelkarim M., Maw A., Asqalan A., Sundaram Venkatesan G., Singh S., Mukherjee S., Ferguson D., Mansuri A., Thakrar A., Wickramarachchi L., Cuthbert R., Sivayoganathan S., Chui K., Karam E., Dott C., Madhvani K., Hampton M., Hormis A.P., Fountain D.M., Laurente R., Sigamoney K.V., Dasa M., George K., Naqui Z., Galhoum M., Lipede C., Gabr A., Radhakrishnan A., Hasan M.T., Kalenderov R., Pathmanaban O., Chelva R., Branagan G., Longstaff L., Ding D., Barlow C., Foster J., Ward A., Tadross D., Majkowski L., Blundell C., Nair R., Guha S., Brown S.R., Steele C., Kelty C.J., Newman T., Lee M., Lye G., Balasubramanian S.P., Sureshkumar Shah N., Sherif M., Al-mukhtar A., Whitehall E., Giblin A., Sharkey A., Adamec A., Madan S., Narice B., Sterrenburg M., Thompson A., Varley I., Stavrakas M., Rominiyi O., Ray J., Crank M., Bacon A., Al-Tamimi Y., Catto J., Saad S., Abd Kahar N.N., Sou A., Simpson D., Hamilton E., Blair J., Jallad S., Lord J., Anderson C., El Kafsi J., Logishetty K., Saadya A., Midha R., Ip M., Subbiah Ponniah H., Stockdale T., Bacarese-Hamilton T., Foster L., James A., Anjarwalla N., Marujo Henriques D., Hettige R., Baban C., Tenovici A., Salerno G., Lane J., Colvin H.V., Badran A., Cadersa A., Cumpstey A., Hamady Z., Aftab R., Wensley F., Byrne J., Morrison-Jones V., Sekhon G.K., Shields H., Shakoor Z., Yener A., Talbot T., Alzetani A., Cresner R., Babu B.H.B., Liyanage A.S.D., Newman S., Blake I., Weerasinghe C., Baumber R., Parry J., Menakaya C., Webb J.I., Antar M., Modi N., Sofat R., Noel J., Nunn R., Adegbola S., Eriberto F., Sharma V., Tanna R., Lodhia S., Johnson D., Hughes I., Hall J., Rooney J., Chatterji S., Zhang Y., Owen R., Rudic M., Hunt J., Zakai D., Aladeojebi A., Ali M., Gaunt A., Barmayehvar B., Kitchen M., Gowda M., Mansour F., Jarvis M., Halliday E., Lefroy R., Nanjaiah P., Lin D.J., Rajgor A.D., Scurrah R.J., Kang C., Watson L.J., Harris G., Royle T., Cunningham Y., Steel B., Luk A.C.O., Boulton A.J., Bakolas G., Herrod P., Gemmill E., Boyd-Carson H., Jibreel M., Lenzi E., Saafan T., Sapre D., Li Z., Parkins K., Spencer N., Harries R., Egan R.J., Motter D., Jenvey C., Mahoney R., Fine N., Minto T., Henry A., Hollyman M., Grieco C., Gemmell C., Whitmore H., Babar M.S., Goodrum S., Scott R., Collard B., Lau K., Thomas E., Patel A., Allison J., Bowen J., Dias A., Mahendran B., Gopalswamy S., Patil S., Scott L., Sarveswaran J., Michel M., Ravindran S., Subba K., Abou-Foul A.K., Khalefa M., Hossain F., Moores T., Pickering L., Stables G., Doorgakant A., Thiruvasagam V.G., Carter J., Reid S., Mohammed R., Marlow W., Ferguson H., Wilkin R., Konstantinou C., Yershov D., Vatish J., Denning A., Shah H.B., Cross G.W.V., Seyed-Safi P., Smart Y.W., Kuc A., Al-Yaseen M., Olivier J., Hanna M., Eskander P., Duncan R., Halaseh S., Das R., Wynn Jones H., Divecha H., Whelton C., Board T., Powell S., Magee C., Agarwal K., Mangos E., Nambirajan T., Vidya R., Chauhan G., Kaur J., Burahee A., Bleibleh S., Pigadas N., Snee D., Bhasin S., Crichton A., Habeebullah A., Bodla A.S., Yassin N., Mondragon M., Dewan V., Flindall I., Mahendran V., Hanson A., Jenner E., Richards J., Thomas-Fernandez K., Wall R., Alqallaf A., Ben-Sassi A., Mellor K., Joshi P., Joshi Y., Young R., Miu V., Sheridan K., MacDonald L., Green S., Onos L., Wong J.J., Napolitano L., Hemmila M., Amin D., Abramowicz S., Roser S.M., Olson K.A., Riley C., Heron C., Cardenas T., Leede E., Thornhill M., Haynes A.B., McElhinney K., Roward S., Trust M.D., Hill C.E., Teixeira P.G., Etchill E., Stevens K., Ladd M.R., Long C., Rose J., Kent A., Yesantharao P., Vervoort D., Jenny H., Gabre-Kidan A., Margalit A., Tsai L., Malapati H., Yesantharao L., Abdou H., Diaz J., Richmond M., Clark J., O'Meara L., Hanna N., Ying Y., Fleming J., Ovaitt A., Gigliotti J., Fuson A., Cooper Z., Salim A., Hirji S.A., Chung C., Hansen L., Okafor B.U., Roxo V., Raut C.P., Jolissaint J.S., Mahvi D.A., Bankhead-Kendall B., Velmahos G., Maurer L.R., El Moheb M., Gaitanidis A., Naar L., Christensen M.A., Kapoen C., Langeveld K., El Hechi M., Mokhtari A., Haqqani M.H., Drake F.T., Goldenberg-Sandau A., Galbreath B., Reinke C., Ross S., Thompson K., Manning D., Perkins R., Eriksson E., Evans H., Masrur M., Giulianotti P., Benedetti E., Chang G., Ourieff J., Dehart D., Dorafshar A., Price T., Bhama A.R., Torquati A., Cherullo E., Kennedy R., Myers J., Rubin K., Ban V.S., Aoun S.G., Batjer H.H., Caruso J., Carmichael H., Velopulos C.G., Wright F.L., Urban S., McIntyre R.C., Schroeppel T.J., Hennessy E.A., Dunn J., Zier L., Burlew C., Coleman J., Colling K.P., Hall B., Rice H.E., Hwang E.S., Olson S.A., Moris D., Verma R., Hassan R., Volpe A., Merola S., O'Banion L.A., Lilienstein J., Dirks R., Marwan H., Almasri M., Kulkarni G., Mehdi M., Abouassi A., Abdallah M., San Andres M., Eid J., Aigbivbalu E., Sundaresan J., George B., Ssentongo A., Ssentongo P., Oh J.S., Hazelton J., Maines J., Gusani N., Garner M., Horvath S., Zheng F., Ujiki M., Kinnaman G., Meagher A., Sharma I., Holler E., McKenzie K., Chan J., Fretwell K., Nugent W., Khalil A., Chen D., Post N., Rostkowski T., Brahmbhatt D., Huynh K., Hibbard M.L., Schellenberg M., Martin R.C.G., Bhutiani N., Giorgakis E., Laryea J., Bhavaraju A., Sexton K., Kost M., Kimbrough M., Burdine L., Kalkwarf K., Robertson R., Gosain A., Camp L., Lewit R., Kronenfeld J.P., Urrechaga E., Goel N., Rattan R., Hart V., Gilna G., Cioci A., Ruiz G., Rakoczy K., Pavlis W., Saberi R., Morris R., Karam B.S., Brathwaite C.E.M., Liu H., Petrone P., Hakmi H., Sohail A.H., Baltazar G., Heckburn R., Nygaard R.M., Colonna E.T., Endorf F.W., Hill M.J., Maiga A., Dennis B., Levin J.H., Lallemand M., Choron R., Peck G., Soliman F., Rehman S., Glass N., Juthani B., Deisher D., Ruzgar N.M., Ullrich S.J., Sion M., Paranjape C., Kar A.R., Gillezeau C., Rapp J., Taioli E., Miles B.A., Alpert N., Podolsky D., Coleman N.L., Callahan M.P., Brown L., Monson J.R.T., Dehal A., Abbas A., Soliman A., Kim B., Jones C Dauer M.D.E., Renza-Stingone E., Hernandez E., Gokcen E., Kropf E., Sufrin H., Hirsch H., Ross H., Engel J., Sewards J., Poggio J., Sanserino K., Rae L., Philp M., Metro M., McNelis P., Petrov R., Pazionis T., Till B., Lamm R., Rios-Diaz A.J., Palazzo F., Rosengart M., Nicholson K., Carrick M.M., Rodkey K., Suri A., Callcut R., Nicholson S., Talathoti N., Klaristenfeld D., Biffl W., Marsh C., Schaffer K., Berndtson A.E., Averbach S., Curry T., Kwan-Feinberg R., Consorti E., Gonzalez R., Grolman R., Liu T., Merzlikin O., Abel M.K., Ozgediz D., Boeck M., Kornblith L.Z., Nunez-Garcia B., Robinson B., Park P., Utria A.F., Rice-Townsend S.E., Javid P., Hauptman J., Kieran K., Nehra D., Walters A., Cuschieri J., Davidson G.H., Cosker R., Eckhouse S., Choudhry A., Marx W., Jamil T., Seegert S., Al-Embideen S., Quintana M., Jackson H., Wexner S.D., Kent I., Martins P.N., Alshehari M., Al-Naggar H., Alsayadi M., Alyazidi M., Shream S., Alhaddad W., Maqus A., Abu Hamra'a M., Alsayadi R., Ghannam R., Al-Maqtari S., Masdoos S., Al-Harazi Y., Bajjah H., Al-ameri S., Aldawbali M., Gwini G.P., Collaborative, Cardiothoracic Interdisciplinary Research Network and COVIDSurg, Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Cardiothoracic Interdisciplinary Research Network and COVIDSurg Collaborative, Akowuah, E, Benson, R, Caruana, E, Chetty, G, Edwards, J, Forlani, S, Gradinariu, G, Murphy, G, Oo, A, Patel, A, Ridley, B, Rogers, L, Sanders, J, Tyson, N, Vaja, R, Siaw-Acheampong, K, Argus, L, Chaudhry, D, Dawson, B, Glasbey, J, Gujjuri, R, Jones, C, Kamarajah, S, Khatri, C, Keatley, J, Lawday, S, Li, E, Mann, H, Marson, E, Mclean, K, Picciochi, M, Taylor, E, Tiwari, A, Simoes, J, Trout, I, Venn, M, Wilkin, R, Bhangu, A, Nepogodiev, D, Dajti, I, Gjata, A, Boccalatte, L, Modolo, M, Cox, D, Pockney, P, Townend, P, Aigner, F, Kronberger, I, Hossain, K, Vanramshorst, G, Lawani, I, Ataide, G, Baiocchi, G, Buarque, I, Gohar, M, Slavchev, M, Agarwal, A, Brar, A, Martin, J, Olivos, M, Calvache, J, Perez Rivera, C, Hadzibegovic, A, Kopjar, T, Mihanovic, J, Klat, J, Novysedlak, R, Christensen, P, El-Hussuna, A, Batista, S, Lincango, E, Emile, S, Mengesha, M, Hailu, D, Tamiru, H, Kauppila, J, Laukkarinen, J, Arnaud, A, Albertsmeiers, M, Lederhuber, H, Loffler, M, Tabiri, S, Metallidis, S, Tsoulfas, G, Lorena, M, Grecinos, G, Mersich, T, Wettstein, D, Ghosh, D, Kembuan, G, Brouk, P, Khosravi, M, Mozafari, M, Adil, A, Mohan, H, Zmora, O, Fiore, M, Gallo, G, Pata, F, Pellino, G, Satoi, S, Ayasra, F, Chaar, M, Fakhradiyev, I, Jamal, M, Elhadi, M, Gulla, A, Roslani, A, Martinez, L, Ramos De La Medina, A, Outani, O, Jonker, P, Kruijff, S, Noltes, M, Steinkamp, P, van der Plas, W, Ademuyiwa, A, Osinaike, B, Seyi-olajide, J, Williams, E, Pejkova, S, Augestad, K, Soreide, K, Al Balushi, Z, Qureshi, A, Sayyed, R, Mohsen Daraghmeh, M, Abukhalaf, S, Cukier, M, Gomez, H, Shu, S, Vasquez, X, Parreno-Sacdalan, M, Major, P, Azevedo, J, Cunha, M, Santos, I, Zarour, A, Bonci, E, Negoi, I, Efetov, S, Litvin, A, Ntirenganya, F, Alameer, E, Radenkovic, D, Hong Xiang, F, Hoe, C, Chi Yong, J, Moore, R, Nhlabathi, N, Colino, R, Bravo, A, Minaya-Bravo, A, Jayarajah, U, Wickramasinghe, D, Elmujtaba, M, Jebril, W, Rutegard, M, Sund, M, Isik, A, Leventoglu, S, Abbott, T, Caruna, E, Chakrabortee, S, Demetriades, A, Desai, A, Drake, T, Evans, J, Ford, S, Fotopoulou, C, Griffiths, E, Hutchinson, P, Jenkinson, M, Khan, T, Knight, S, Kolias, A, Leung, E, Mckay, S, Norman, L, Ots, R, Raghavan, V, Roberts, K, Schache, A, Shaw, R, Shaw, K, Smart, N, Stewart, G, Sundar, S, Vimalchandran, D, Wright, N, Alshryda, S, Alser, O, Breen, K, Ganly, I, Kaafarani, H, Kendall, B, Mashbari, H, Al Naggar, H, Mazingi, D, Valenzuela, J, Gemelli, N, Smith, D, Dudi-Venkata, N, Kroon, H, Sammour, T, Roberts, M, Mitchell, D, Lah, K, Pearce, A, Morton, A, Dawson, A, Drane, A, Sharpin, C, Nataraja, R, Pacilli, M, Muralidharan, V, Riddiough, G, Clarke, E, Jamel, W, Qin, K, Cope, D, Egoroff, N, Lott, N, Putnis, S, De Robles, S, Ang, Z, Mitteregger, M, Uranitsch, S, Stiegler, M, Seitinger, G, Lumenta, D, Nischwitz, S, Richtig, E, Pau, M, Srekl-Filzmaier, P, Eibinger, N, Michelitsch, B, Fediuk, M, Papinutti, A, Seidel, G, Kahn, J, Cohnert, T, Messner, F, Ofner, D, Presl, J, Varga, M, Weitzendorfer, M, Emmanuel, K, Binder, A, Zimmermann, M, Holawe, S, Nkenke, E, Grimm, C, Kranawetter, M, Rahman Mitul, A, Islam, N, Karim, S, Komen, N, Ang, E, De Praetere, H, Tollens, T, Schols, G, Smets, C, Haenen, L, Quintens, J, Van Belle, K, Van Ramshorst, G, Pattyn, P, Desender, L, Martens, T, Van de putte, D, Lerut, P, Grimonprez, A, Janssen, M, De Smul, G, Wallaert, P, Van den Eynde, J, Oosterlinck, W, Van den Eynde, R, Sermon, A, Boeckxstaens, A, Cordonnier, A, De Coster, J, Jaekers, J, Politis, C, Miserez, M, Duchateau, N, De Gheldere, C, Flamey, N, Christiano, A, Guidi, B, Minussi, A, Castro, S, Okoba, W, Maldonado, F, Oliveira, P, Baldasso, T, Santos, L, Gomes, G, Pol-Fachin, L, Bezerra, T, Barros, A, da Silva, A, Leite, A, Silvestre, D, Ferro, C, Araujo, M, Lopes, L, Damasceno, P, Araujo, D, Laporte, G, Salem, M, Guimaraes-Filho, M, Nacif, L, Flumignan, R, Nakano, L, Kuramoto, D, Aidar, A, Pereda, M, Correia, R, Santos, B, Carvalho, A, Amorim, J, Guedes Neto, H, Areias, L, Sousa, A, Flumignan, C, Lustre, W, Moreno, D, Barros, N, Baptista-Silva, J, Matos, L, Kowaski, L, Kulcsar, M, Nunes, K, Teixeira, M, Nunes, R, Ijichi, T, Kim, N, Marreiro, A, Muller, B, Barakat Awada, J, Kowalski, L, Vartanian, J, Makdissi, F, Aguiar, S, Marques, N, 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Gjata, Arben, Boccalatte, Lui, Modolo, Maria Marta, Cox, Daniel, Pockney, Peter, Townend, Philip, Aigner, Felix, Kronberger, Irmgard, Hossain, Kamral, VanRamshorst, Gabrielle, Lawani, Ismail, Ataide, Gustavo, Baiocchi, Glauco, Buarque, Igor, Gohar, Muhammad, Slavchev, Mihail, Agarwal, Arnav, Brar, Amanpreet, Martin, Janet, Olivos, Maricarmen, Calvache, Jose, Perez Rivera, Carlos Jose, Hadzibegovic, Ana Danic, Kopjar, Tomislav, Mihanovic, Jakov, Klat, Jaroslav, Novysedlak, René, Christensen, Peter, El-Hussuna, Alaa, Batista, Sylvia, Lincango, Eddy, Emile, Sameh H., Mengesha, Mengistu Gebreyohane, Hailu, Dr.Samuel, Tamiru, Hailu, Kauppila, Joona, Laukkarinen, Johanna, Arnaud, Alexi, Albertsmeiers, Marku, Lederhuber, Han, Loffler, Marku, Tabiri, Stephen, Metallidis, Symeon, Tsoulfas, Georgio, Lorena, Maria Aguilera, Grecinos, Gustavo, Mersich, Tama, Wettstein, Daniel, Ghosh, Dhruv, Kembuan, Gabriele, Brouk, Peiman, Khosravi, Mohammad, Mozafari, Masoud, Adil, Ahmed, Mohan, Helen M., Zmora, 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N.N., Sou, A., Simpson, D., Hamilton, E., Blair, J., Jallad, S., Lord, J., Anderson, C., El Kafsi, J., Logishetty, K., Saadya, A., Midha, R., Ip, M., Subbiah Ponniah, H., Stockdale, T., Bacarese-Hamilton, T., Foster, L., James, A., Anjarwalla, N., Marujo Henriques, D., Hettige, R., Baban, C., Tenovici, A., Salerno, G., Lane, J., Colvin, H.V., Badran, A., Cadersa, A., Cumpstey, A., Hamady, Z., Aftab, R., Wensley, F., Byrne, J., Morrison-Jones, V., Sekhon, G.K., Shields, H., Shakoor, Z., Yener, A., Talbot, T., Alzetani, A., Cresner, R., Babu, B.H.B., Liyanage, A.S.D., Newman, S., Blake, I., Weerasinghe, C., Baumber, R., Parry, J., Menakaya, C., Webb, J.I., Antar, M., Modi, N., Sofat, R., Noel, J., Nunn, R., Adegbola, S., Eriberto, F., Sharma, V., Tanna, R., Lodhia, S., Johnson, D., Hughes, I., Hall, J., Rooney, J., Chatterji, S., Zhang, Y., Owen, R., Rudic, M., Hunt, J., Zakai, D., Aladeojebi, A., Ali, M., Gaunt, A., Barmayehvar, B., Kitchen, M., Gowda, M., Mansour, F., Jarvis, M., Halliday, E., Lefroy, R., Nanjaiah, P., Lin, D.J., Rajgor, A.D., Scurrah, R.J., Kang, C., Watson, L.J., Harris, G., Royle, T., Cunningham, Y., Steel, B., Luk, A.C.O., Boulton, A.J., Khan, T., Bakolas, G., Herrod, P., Gemmill, E., Boyd-Carson, H., Jibreel, M., Lenzi, E., Saafan, T., Sapre, D., Li, Z., Parkins, K., Spencer, N., Harries, R., Egan, R.J., Motter, D., Jenvey, C., Mahoney, R., Fine, N., Minto, T., Henry, A., Hollyman, M., Grieco, C., Gemmell, C., Whitmore, H., Babar, M.S., Goodrum, S., Scott, R., Collard, B., Lau, K., Thomas, E., Patel, A., Allison, J., Bowen, J., Dias, A., Mahendran, B., Gopalswamy, S., Patil, S., Scott, L., Sarveswaran, J., Michel, M., Ravindran, S., Subba, K., Abou-Foul, A.K., Khalefa, M., Hossain, F., Moores, T., Pickering, L., Stables, G., Doorgakant, A., Thiruvasagam, V.G., Carter, J., Reid, S., Mohammed, R., Marlow, W., Ferguson, H., Wilkin, R., Konstantinou, C., Yershov, D., Vatish, J., Denning, A., Shah, H.B., Cross, G.W.V., Seyed-Safi, P., Smart, Y.W., Kuc, A., Al-Yaseen, M., Olivier, J., Hanna, M., Eskander, P., Duncan, R., Halaseh, S., Das, R., Wynn Jones, H., Divecha, H., Whelton, C., Board, T., Powell, S., Magee, C., Agarwal, K., Mangos, E., Nambirajan, T., Vidya, R., Chauhan, G., Kaur, J., Burahee, A., Bleibleh, S., Pigadas, N., Snee, D., Bhasin, S., Crichton, A., Habeebullah, A., Bodla, A.S., Yassin, N., Mondragon, M., Dewan, V., Flindall, I., Mahendran, V., Hanson, A., Jenner, E., Richards, J., Thomas-Fernandez, K., Wall, R., Alqallaf, A., Ben-Sassi, A., Mellor, K., Joshi, P., Joshi, Y., Young, R., Miu, V., Sheridan, K., MacDonald, L., Green, S., Onos, L., Wong, J.J., Napolitano, L., Hemmila, M., Amin, D., Abramowicz, S., Roser, S.M., Olson, K.A., Riley, C., Heron, C., Cardenas, T., Leede, E., Thornhill, M., Haynes, A.B., McElhinney, K., Roward, S., Trust, M.D., Hill, C.E., Teixeira, P.G., Etchill, E., Stevens, K., Ladd, M.R., Long, C., Rose, J., Kent, A., Yesantharao, P., Vervoort, D., Jenny, H., Gabre-Kidan, A., Margalit, A., Tsai, L., Malapati, H., Yesantharao, L., Abdou, H., Diaz, J., Richmond, M., Clark, J., O'Meara, L., Hanna, N., Ying, Y., Fleming, J., Ovaitt, A., Gigliotti, J., Fuson, A., Cooper, Z., Salim, A., Hirji, S.A., Chung, C., Hansen, L., Okafor, B.U., Roxo, V., Raut, C.P., Jolissaint, J.S., Mahvi, D.A., Kaafarani, H., Breen, K., Bankhead-Kendall, B., Alser, O., Mashbari, H., Velmahos, G., Maurer, L.R., El Moheb, M., Gaitanidis, A., Naar, L., Christensen, M.A., Kapoen, C., Langeveld, K., El Hechi, M., Mokhtari, A., Haqqani, M.H., Drake, F.T., Goldenberg-Sandau, A., Galbreath, B., Reinke, C., Ross, S., Thompson, K., Manning, D., Perkins, R., Eriksson, E., Evans, H., Masrur, M., Giulianotti, P., Benedetti, E., Chang, G., Ourieff, J., Dehart, D., Dorafshar, A., Price, T., Bhama, A.R., Torquati, A., Cherullo, E., Kennedy, R., Myers, J., Rubin, K., Ban, V.S., Aoun, S.G., Batjer, H.H., Caruso, J., Carmichael, H., Velopulos, C.G., Wright, F.L., Urban, S., McIntyre, R.C., Schroeppel, T.J., Hennessy, E.A., Dunn, J., Zier, L., Burlew, C., Coleman, J., Colling, K.P., Hall, B., Rice, H.E., Hwang, E.S., Olson, S.A., Moris, D., Verma, R., Hassan, R., Volpe, A., Merola, S., O'Banion, L.A., Lilienstein, J., Dirks, R., Marwan, H., Almasri, M., Kulkarni, G., Mehdi, M., Abouassi, A., Abdallah, M., San Andrés, M., Eid, J., Aigbivbalu, E., Sundaresan, J., George, B., Ssentongo, A., Ssentongo, P., Oh, J.S., Hazelton, J., Maines, J., Gusani, N., Garner, M., Horvath, S., Zheng, F., Ujiki, M., Kinnaman, G., Meagher, A., Sharma, I., Holler, E., McKenzie, K., Chan, J., Fretwell, K., Nugent, W., Khalil, A., Chen, D., Post, N., Rostkowski, T., Brahmbhatt, D., Huynh, K., Hibbard, M.L., Schellenberg, M., Martin, R.C.G., Bhutiani, N., Giorgakis, E., Laryea, J., Bhavaraju, A., Sexton, K., Kost, M., Kimbrough, M., Burdine, L., Kalkwarf, K., Robertson, R., Gosain, A., Camp, L., Lewit, R., Kronenfeld, J.P., Urrechaga, E., Goel, N., Rattan, R., Hart, V., Gilna, G., Cioci, A., Ruiz, G., Rakoczy, K., Pavlis, W., Saberi, R., Morris, R., Karam, B.S., Brathwaite, C.E.M., Liu, H., Petrone, P., Hakmi, H., Sohail, A.H., Baltazar, G., Heckburn, R., Nygaard, R.M., Colonna, E.T., Endorf, F.W., Hill, M.J., Maiga, A., Dennis, B., Levin, J.H., Lallemand, M., Choron, R., Peck, G., Soliman, F., Rehman, S., Glass, N., Juthani, B., Deisher, D., Ruzgar, N.M., Ullrich, S.J., Sion, M., Paranjape, C., Kar, A.R., Gillezeau, C., Rapp, J., Taioli, E., Miles, B.A., Alpert, N., Podolsky, D., Coleman, N.L., Callahan, M.P., Ganly, I., Brown, L., Monson, J.R.T., Dehal, A., Abbas, A., Soliman, A., Kim, B., Jones C Dauer, M.D.E., Renza-Stingone, E., Hernandez, E., Gokcen, E., Kropf, E., Sufrin, H., Hirsch, H., Ross, H., Engel, J., Sewards, J., Poggio, J., Sanserino, K., Rae, L., Philp, M., Metro, M., McNelis, P., Petrov, R., Pazionis, T., Till, B., Lamm, R., Rios-Diaz, A.J., Palazzo, F., Rosengart, M., Nicholson, K., Carrick, M.M., Rodkey, K., Suri, A., Callcut, R., Nicholson, S., Talathoti, N., Klaristenfeld, D., Biffl, W., Marsh, C., Schaffer, K., Berndtson, A.E., Averbach, S., Curry, T., Kwan-Feinberg, R., Consorti, E., Gonzalez, R., Grolman, R., Liu, T., Merzlikin, O., Abel, M.K., Ozgediz, D., Boeck, M., Kornblith, L.Z., Nunez-Garcia, B., Robinson, B., Park, P., Utria, A.F., Rice-Townsend, S.E., Javid, P., Hauptman, J., Kieran, K., Nehra, D., Walters, A., Cuschieri, J., Davidson, G.H., Nunez, J., Cosker, R., Eckhouse, S., Choudhry, A., Marx, W., Jamil, T., Seegert, S., Al-Embideen, S., Quintana, M., Jackson, H., Wexner, S.D., Kent, I., Martins, P.N., Alshehari, M., Al-Naggar, H., Alsayadi, M., Alyazidi, M., Shream, S., Alhaddad, W., Maqus, A., Abu Hamra'a, M., Alsayadi, R., Ghannam, R., Al-Maqtari, S., Masdoos, S., Al-Harazi, Y., Bajjah, H., Al-ameri, S., Aldawbali, M., Gwini, G.P., and Mazingi, D.

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Male, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), complication, Article, NO, Cohort Studies, outcomes, complications, following cardiac surgery, coronavirus disease 2019, Postoperative Complications, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Internal medicine, Cardiovascular Disease, medicine, Cardiac Surgical Procedure, In patient, LS7_4, business.industry, Cardiac surgery, outcome, Surgery, Cohort Studie, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, cardiac surgery, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Cohort study, Human
Abstract

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndromecoronavirus-2, the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019 represented a global emergency accounting for more than 2.5 million deaths worldwide.1 It has had an unprecedented influence on cardiac surgery internationally, resulting in cautious delivery of surgery and restructuring of services.2 Understanding the influence of COVID-19 on patients after cardiac surgery is based on assumptions from other surgical specialties and single-center studies. The COVIDSurg Collaborative conducted a multicenter cohort study, including 1128 patients, across 235 hospitals, from 24 countries demonstrating perioperative COVID-19 infection was associated with an overall mortality of 24% and postoperative pulmonary complications in half of all patients.3 Cardiac surgery arguably represents a higher risk population than general or orthopedic surgery due to the high American Society of Anesthesiologists grades and multiple comorbidities usually seen. We present a subgroup analysis of COVIDSurg data, including patients who underwent cardiac surgery between March 1, 2020, and July 31, 2020, across 13 countries, with a confirmed perioperative (7 days preoperative up to 30 days postoperative) diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. This is presented in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement for cohort studies.4 Categorical variables were expressed as frequency and percentages and c2 or Fisher exact test was used to compare categorical variables. Only anonymized data were collected. Patient consent was obtained unless it was waived by local research committees. In the United Kingdom, the study was registered at each site as either a clinical audit or service evaluation and consent was waived. In other countries, local investigators were responsible for contacting research ethics committees to obtain local or national approvals in line with applicable regulations.

Published
2021

38. Structure‐based pharmacophore modeling, virtual screening approaches to identifying the potent hepatitis C viral protease and polymerase novel inhibitors

Author

Arthi Venkatesan, Anantha Krishnan Dhanabalan, Selvakumar Rajendran, Shyamala Gowri Shanmugasundharam, Krishnasamy Gunasekaran, and J. Febin Prabhu Dass

Subjects
Molecular Docking Simulation, Viral Proteases, Humans, Protease Inhibitors, Hepacivirus, Cell Biology, Hepatitis C, Chronic, Viral Nonstructural Proteins, Antiviral Agents, Hepatitis C, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Peptide Hydrolases
Abstract

Hepatitis C is an infectious disease that leads to acute and chronic liver illnesses. Currently, there are no effective vaccines against this deadly virus. Direct acting antiviral (DAA) drugs are given in the combination with ribavirin and pegylated interferon which lead to adverse effects. Through in silico analysis, the structure-based docking study was performed against NS3/4A protease and NS5B polymerase proteins of HCV. In the current study, multiple e-pharmacophore-based virtual screening methods such as HTVS, SP, and XP were carried out to screen natural compounds and enamine databases. Our result outcomes revealed that CID AE-848/13196185 and CID AE-848/36959205 compounds show good binding interactions with protease protein. In addition, CID 15081408 and CID 173568 show better binding interactions with the polymerase protein. Further to validate the docking results, we performed molecular dynamics simulation for the top hit compounds bound with protease and polymerase proteins to illustrate conformational differences in the stability compared with the active site of the cocrystal inhibitor. Thus, the current study emphasizes these compounds could be an effective drug to treat HCV.

Published
2022

39. Achievement of guideline recommended diabetes treatment targets and health habits in people with self-reported diabetes in India (ICMR-INDIAB-13): a national cross-sectional study

Author

Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Ranjit Unnikrishnan, Mohan Deepa, Ulagamathesan Venkatesan, Rajendra Pradeepa, Shashank Joshi, Banshi Saboo, Ashok Kumar Das, Sarita Bajaj, Anil Bhansali, Sri Venkata Madhu, Vinay Kumar Dhandhania, Puthiyaveettil Kottayam Jabbar, Sunil M Jain, Arvind Gupta, Subhankar Chowdhury, Mohammed K Ali, Elangovan Nirmal, Radhakrishnan Subashini, Tanvir Kaur, Rupinder Singh Dhaliwal, Nikhil Tandon, Viswanathan Mohan, and Shashank R Joshi

Subjects
Adult, Blood Glucose, Male, Biomedical Research, Urban Population, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, India, Cholesterol, LDL, Middle Aged, Habits, Cross-Sectional Studies, Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus, Prevalence, Internal Medicine, Humans, Self Report
Abstract

There is little information on comprehensive diabetes care comprising glycaemic, lipid, and blood pressure control in India; therefore, we aimed to assess the achievement of treatment targets among adults with self-reported diabetes.The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-India Diabetes (INDIAB) study is a cross-sectional, population-based survey of adults aged 20 years or older in all 30 states and union territories of India. We used a stratified multistage sampling design, sampling states in a phased manner, and selected villages in rural areas and census enumeration blocks in urban areas. We used a three-level stratification method on the basis of geography, population size, and socioeconomic status for each state. For the outcome assessment, good glycaemic control was defined as HbABetween Oct 18, 2008, and Dec 17, 2020, 113 043 individuals (33 537 from urban areas and 79 506 from rural areas) participated in the ICMR-INDIAB study. For this analysis, 5789 adults (2633 in urban areas and 3156 in rural areas) with self-reported diabetes were included in the study population. The median age was 56·1 years (IQR 55·7-56·5). Overall, 1748 (weighted proportion 36·3%, 95% CI 34·7-37·9) of 4834 people with diabetes achieved good glycaemic control, 2819 (weighted proportion 48·8%, 47·2-50·3) of 5698 achieved blood pressure control, and 2043 (weighted proportion 41·5%, 39·9-43·1) of 4886 achieved good LDL cholesterol control. Only 419 (weighted proportion 7·7%) of 5297 individuals with self-reported diabetes achieved all three ABC targets, with significant heterogeneity between regions and states. Higher education, male sex, rural residence, and shorter duration of diabetes (10 years) were associated with better achievement of combined ABC targets. Only 951 (weighted proportion 16·7%) of the study population and 227 (weighted proportion 36·9%) of those on insulin reported using self-monitoring of blood glucose.Achievement of treatment targets and adoption of healthy behaviours remains suboptimal in India. Our results can help governments to adopt policies that prioritise improvement of diabetes care delivery and surveillance in India.Indian Council of Medical Research and Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

Published
2022

40. Novel linear plasmids carrying vanA cluster drives the spread of vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium in India

Author

Yamuna Devi Bakthavatchalam, Mamta Puraswani, Abel Livingston, Monisha Priya, Dhanalakshmi Venkatesan, Divya Sharma, Ramya Iyadurai, Kishore Pichamuthu, Balaji Veeraraghavan, and Purva Mathur

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Enterococcus faecium, Immunology, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Vancomycin Resistance, Microbiology, Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections, Multilocus Sequence Typing, Plasmids, Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci
Abstract

The genetic basis for the spread of vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium is largely unexplored in India. The present study aimed to investigate the plasmid diversity and variation of Tn1546 associated with vanA harbouring VREfm isolates.A total of 122 VREfm isolates collected from blood cultures were included in this study. MLST analysis was performed on all isolates, and they were also screened for the presence of vanA and vanB genes. Whole genome sequencing was performed for a subset of fifteen VREfm isolates belonging to ST1643.All of the 122 VREfm isolates carried the vanA gene. Twenty-four different sequence types were seen; of these, ST1643, ST80 and ST17 were predominant. Whole genome sequencing was performed on 15 VREfm isolates belonging to ST1643. For eight isolates the vanA gene was found on pRUM-like circular plasmids, and for the remaining seven isolates, the vanA gene was found on the linear plasmids. Novel Tn1546 variants carrying vanA were found on both circular and linear plasmids. Interestingly, co-presence of vanA and optrA were seen in the backbone of three linear plasmids.Multiple vanA-carrying plasmids and Tn1546-like elements were involved in the dissemination of vancomycin resistance in VREfm. The co-occurrence of Tn1546 carrying vanA and Tn554 family transposon carrying optrA on the backbone of plasmids is worrisome. The dissemination of such plasmids may pose treatment and infection control challenges.

Published
2022

41. Approaches for targeting the mycobactin biosynthesis pathway for novel anti-tubercular drug discovery: where we stand

Author

MOUSUMI SHYAM, GOURAV RAKSHIT, Venkatesan Jayaprakash, and Deepak Shilkar

Subjects
Bacterial Proteins, Iron, Drug Discovery, Antitubercular Agents, Humans, Siderophores, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Oxazoles
Abstract

Several decades of antitubercular drug discovery efforts have focused on novel antitubercular chemotherapies. However, recent efforts have greatly shifted toward countering extremely/multi/total drug-resistant species. Targeting the conditionally essential elements inside Mycobacterium is a relatively new approach against tuberculosis and has received lackluster attention. The siderophore, Mycobactin, is a conditionally essential molecule expressed by mycobacteria in iron-stress conditions. It helps capture the micronutrient iron, essential for the smooth functioning of cellular processes.The authors discuss opportunities to target the conditionally essential pathways to help develop newer drugs and prolong the shelf life of existing therapeutics, emphasizing the bottlenecks in fast-tracking antitubercular drug discovery.While the lack of iron supply can cripple bacterial growth and multiplication, excess iron can cause oxidative overload. Constant up-regulation can strain the bacterial synthetic machinery, further slowing its growth. Mycobactin synthesis is tightly controlled by a genetically conserved mega enzyme family via up-regulation (HupB) or down-regulation (IdeR) based on iron availability in its microenvironment. Furthermore, the recycling of siderophores by the MmpL-MmpS4/5 orchestra provides endogenous drug targets to beat the bugs with iron-toxicity contrivance. These processes can be exploited as chinks in the armor of Mycobacterium and be used for new drug development.

Published
2022

42. Differential urinary microRNA expression analysis of miR-1, miR-215, miR-335, let-7a in childhood nephrotic syndrome

Author

Mohanapriya Chinambedu Dandapani, Vettriselvi Venkatesan, Pricilla Charmine, Sangeetha Geminiganesan, and Sudha Ekambaram

Subjects
MicroRNAs, DNA, Complementary, Nephrotic Syndrome, Genetics, Humans, Steroids, General Medicine, Child, Molecular Biology, Biomarkers
Abstract

Recently, urinary exosomal miRNAs are gaining increasing attention as their expression profiles are often associated with specific diseases and they exhibit great potential as noninvasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of various diseases. The present study was aimed to evaluate the expression status of selected miRNAs (miR-1, miR-215-5p, miR-335-5p and let-7a-5p) in urine samples from children with NS [steroid sensitive (SSNS)] and [steroid resistant (SRNS)] along with healthy control group.MicroRNA isolation was carried out in urine samples collected from SSNS (100 nos), SRNS (100 nos), and healthy controls (50 nos) using MiRNeasy Mini Kit, followed by cDNA conversion for all the four selected miRNAs using Taqman advanced miRNA cDNA synthesis kit and their expression was quantified by Taqman Advanced miRNA assay kits using Real Time PCR Machine and Rotogen-Q in SSNS and SRNS patients and healthy control subjects.Quantification of all the four miRNAs (miR-1, mir-215, miR-335, let-7a) were found to be upregulated in both SSNS and SRNS as compared to control group. Further, the comparison of microRNAs within the case groups revealed significant downregulation of three microRNAs-miR-1, miR-215, miR- 335 and upregulation of let-7a in SRNS group as compared to SSNS. The t-test performed for all the four miRNAs was found to be statistically significant.The aberrant expression of all the four microRNAs in both SSNS and SRNS as compared to healthy subjects may serve as novel biomarkers to distinguish between NS and healthy controls. The differential expression of microRNA let-7a is useful to discriminate SSNS and SRNS.

Published
2022

43. Pulmonary nocardiosis: Risk factors and species distribution from a high burden centre

Author

Marilyn M. Ninan, Manigandan Venkatesan, V. Balaji, Priscilla Rupali, and Joy S. Michael

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), General Immunology and Microbiology, Immunology, Nocardia Infections, Microbiology, Nocardia, Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Microbiology (miscellaneous), Risk Factors, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Immunosuppressive Agents, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

Nocardiosis is a clinical and diagnostic challenge. This was a retrospective study carried out on cases of pulmonary nocardiosis presenting over 15 years. Clinical data was retrieved using the electronic patient records. Vitek MS 3.2 (MALDI TOF MS) was carried out on 22 isolates and sequencing on another 9 isolates. Of 71 patients presenting with pulmonary nocardiosis, 58 (81.6%) were on immunosuppressant therapy, 26 (46%) had a previous lung pathology, 11 (8%) were HIV associated. Disseminated disease was seen in 6 (8.4%). There were 8 (11.26%) deaths in this cohort of patients. Of 31/71 identified to species, the most common were Nocardia cyriacigeorgica (n ​= ​11) followed by Nocardia farcinica (n ​= ​9).

Published
2022

44. Evaluation of antitumor effects of VEGFR-2 inhibitor F16 in a colorectal xenograft model

Author

Khalid Alhazzani, Thiagarajan Venkatesan, Umamaheswari Natarajan, Mohammad Algahtani, Ali Alaseem, Saad Alobid, and Appu Rathinavelu

Subjects
Indoles, Angiogenesis Inhibitors, Pyridinium Compounds, Bioengineering, General Medicine, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Disease Models, Animal, Mice, Cell Line, Tumor, Animals, Heterografts, Humans, Colorectal Neoplasms, Protein Kinase Inhibitors, Cell Proliferation, Biotechnology
Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent type of cancer in the United States. The treatment options for cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and/or targeted therapy, which show significant improvement in overall survival. Among the various available treatments, antagonizing VEGF/VEGFR-2 pathways have shown effectiveness in limiting colorectal cancer growth and improving clinical outcomes. In this regard, we hypothesized that F16, a novel VEGFR-2 inhibitor, would control colorectal cancer growth by blocking the VEGFR-2 singling pathway in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Therefore, the current study was aimed to analyze the efficacy of F16 on the growth of Colo 320DM cells under in vitro and in vivo conditions.Human RTThese results justify further evaluation of F16 as a potential new therapeutic agent for treating colorectal cancers.

Published
2022

45. Development of Optical Biosensor for the Detection of Glutamine in Human Biofluids Using Merocyanine Dye

Author

Venkatesan Srinivasadesikan, Vijayakumar Sathya, Lakshmi Kandhan Sangeetha, Shyi-Long Lee, Vediappen Padmini, and Appadurai Deepa

Subjects
Chromatography, Sociology and Political Science, Chemistry, Glutamine, Clinical Biochemistry, Merocyanine dye, Optical biosensor, Biosensing Techniques, Pyrimidinones, Biochemistry, Clinical Psychology, Limit of Detection, Humans, Law, Spectroscopy, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), Fluorescent Dyes
Abstract

Merocyanine dye based fluorescent organic compound has been synthesized for the detection of glutamine. The probe showed remarkable fluorescent intensity with glutamine through ICT. Hence, it is tested for the detection of glutamine using colorimetric and fluorimetric techniques in physiological and neutral pH (7.2). Under optimized experimental conditions, the probe detects glutamine selectively among other interfering biomolecules. The probe has showed a LOD of 9.6 nm at the linear range 20-180 µM towards glutamine. The practical application of the probe is successfully tested in human biofluids.

Published
2022

46. Automated Detection of Infection in Diabetic Foot Ulcer Images Using Convolutional Neural Network

Author

J. Yogapriya, Venkatesan Chandran, M. G. Sumithra, B. Elakkiya, A. Shamila Ebenezer, and C. Suresh Gnana Dhas

Subjects
Article Subject, Foot, Diabetes Mellitus, Biomedical Engineering, Humans, Osteomyelitis, Health Informatics, Surgery, Neural Networks, Computer, Amputation, Surgical, Diabetic Foot, Biotechnology
Abstract

A bacterial or bone infection in the feet causes diabetic foot infection (DFI), which results in reddish skin in the wound and surrounding area. DFI is the most prevalent and dangerous type of diabetic mellitus. It will mainly occur in people with heart disease, renal illness, or eye disease. The clinical signs and symptoms of local inflammation are used to diagnose diabetic foot infection. In assessing diabetic foot ulcers, the infection has significant clinical implications in predicting the likelihood of amputation. In this work, a diabetic foot infection network (DFINET) is proposed to assess infection and no infection from diabetic foot ulcer images. A DFINET consists of 22 layers with a unique parallel convolution layer with ReLU, a normalization layer, and a fully connected layer with a dropout connection. Experiments have shown that the DFINET, when combined with this technique and improved image augmentation, should yield promising results in infection recognition, with an accuracy of 91.98%, and a Matthews correlation coefficient of 0.84 on binary classification. Such enhancements to existing methods shows that the suggested approach can assist medical experts in automated detection of DFI.

Published
2022

47. Computer-aided segmentation on MRI for prostate radiotherapy, Part I: Quantifying human interobserver variability of the prostate and organs at risk and its impact on radiation dosimetry

Author

Jeremiah W. Sanders, Henry Mok, Alexander N. Hanania, Aradhana M. Venkatesan, Chad Tang, Teresa L. Bruno, Howard D. Thames, Rajat J. Kudchadker, and Steven J. Frank

Subjects
Male, Observer Variation, Organs at Risk, Computers, Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted, Brachytherapy, Prostate, Prostatic Neoplasms, Radiotherapy Dosage, Hematology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Oncology, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Radiometry
Abstract

Quantifying the interobserver variability (IoV) of prostate and periprostatic anatomy delineation on prostate MRI is necessary to inform its use for treatment planning, treatment delivery, and treatment quality assessment.Twenty five prostate cancer patients underwent MRI-based low-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy (LDRPBT). The patients were scanned with a 3D T2-weighted sequence for treatment planning and a 3D T2/T1-weighted sequence for quality assessment. Seven observers involved with the LDRPBT workflow delineated the prostate, external urinary sphincter (EUS), seminal vesicles, rectum, and bladder on all 50 MRIs. IoV was assessed by measuring contour similarity metrics, differences in organ volumes, and differences in dosimetry parameters between unique observer pairs. Measurements from a group of 3 radiation oncologists (G1) were compared against those from a group consisting of the other 4 clinical observers (G2).IoV of the prostate was lower for G1 than G2 (Matthew's correlation coefficient [MCC], G1 vs. G2: planning-0.906 vs. 0.870, p 0.001; postimplant-0.899 vs. 0.861, p 0.001). IoV of the EUS was highest of all the organs for both groups, but was lower for G1 (MCC, G1 vs. G2: planning-0.659 vs. 0.402, p 0.001; postimplant-0.684 vs. 0.398, p 0.001). Large differences in prostate dosimetry parameters were observed (G1 maximum absolute prostate ΔD90: planning-76.223 Gy, postimplant-36.545 Gy; G1 maximum absolute prostate ΔV100: planning-13.927%, postimplant-8.860%).While MRI is optimal in the management of prostate cancer with radiation therapy, significant interobserver variability of the prostate and external urinary sphincter still exist.

Published
2022

48. Airway emergency from megaoesophagus: A rare complication of an adjustable gastric band

Author

Richard Lea, Andre K Tran, Markus Trochsler, and Venkatesan Thiruvenkatarajan

Subjects
Esophageal Achalasia, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Postoperative Complications, Treatment Outcome, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gastroplasty, Bariatric Surgery, Humans, Female, Laparoscopy, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Aged, Obesity, Morbid
Abstract

A 77-year-old lady with a laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAGB), implanted 12 years earlier for obesity, developed an unusual but almost fatal complication, characterised by dysphonia and stridor within minutes and a tensely swollen anterior neck. The condition mimicked haemorrhage into the subcutaneous tissues of the neck, and the airway was secured with an awake fibreoptic intubation. Subsequent computed tomography imaging of the abdomen and chest revealed megaoesophagus with dilatation up to 7 cm, proximal to the gastric band. The band was then deflated percutaneously with immediate resolution of the neck swelling. In patients with LAGB in situ, fluid should be removed from the band for any suspected device-associated symptoms such as severe vomiting, severe gastro-oesophageal reflux or neck swelling and respiratory distress. When there is radiological evidence of gross oesophageal dilatation or a high likelihood of an obstructive pathology at the level of the band, a careful nasogastric tube decompression may also resolve reflux, neck swelling or respiratory distress. A complication associated with LAGB should be considered in a patient with unexplained neck swelling or other features of airway obstruction who has an LAGB in situ.

Published
2022

49. Alternate Warm and Cold Therapy (AWCT) on Uricemia, Sleep, Pain, Functional Ability, and Quality of Life (USPFQoL) in Patients with Gout: A Path Forward

Author

Premalatha Paulsamy, Krishnaraju Venkatesan, ShadiaHamoud Alshahrani, Fazil Ahmad, Mohamed El-Sherbiny, Vani Manoharan, Kalaiselvi Periannan, RashaElsayed Ahmed, Kousalya Prabahar, and Dawit mamiru teressa

Subjects
Article Subject, Gout, education, Biomedical Engineering, Pain, Health Informatics, Middle Aged, behavioral disciplines and activities, Uric Acid, Cryotherapy, Hypertension, Quality of Life, Humans, Surgery, Sleep, Biotechnology
Abstract

Objective. To understand the impact of alternate warm and cold therapy (AWCT) on uricemia, sleep, pain, functional ability, and quality of life in gout patients. Methods. A quasiexperimental, nonequivalent control group, pre and posttest design was adopted among 120 gout patients. The data were collected on demographics, comorbidities, pain level, joint swelling/joint tenderness, patient global assessment of response to treatment (PGART), health-related quality of life (HRQoL) with SF-36, sleep quality by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and serum uric acid and assessed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Results. Patients had mean age of 58 and 61 years, mean number of comorbidities was 1.8 and 1.4, as well as presence of arthritic comorbidities except gout was 1.1 and 0.8 among study and control group participants, respectively. Pain ( p < 0.001 ), PGART ( p = − 0.01 ), HRQoL, sleep quality, and level of SUA (mg/dl) improved significantly ( p < 0.01 ) among the study group over study periods. It affirms that the AWCT is effective in reducing pain, functional disability, and SUA, as well as improving the sleep quality and HRQoL of the gout patients. There was a reduced incidence of gout flares ( p < 0.001 ), and taking additional medicines for pain ( p < 0.01 ) was statistically significant among study participants. Except social functioning, other domains of health were significantly ( p < 0.05 ) affected by the comorbidities like hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, renal disease, and asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Conclusions. Gout is independently associated with higher medical and arthritic comorbidity, and AWCT can be better and cost-effective alternative therapy for gout patients. In addition, it may lead to improved cardiac function, hypertension, and renal insufficiency.

Published
2022

50. Young-onset diabetes in Asian Indians is associated with lower measured and genetically determined beta cell function

Author

Moneeza K. Siddiqui, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Adem Y. Dawed, Cyrielle Martoeau, Sundararajan Srinivasan, Jebarani Saravanan, Sathish K. Madanagopal, Alasdair Taylor, Samira Bell, Abirami Veluchamy, Rajendra Pradeepa, Naveed Sattar, Radha Venkatesan, Colin N. A. Palmer, Ewan R. Pearson, and Viswanathan Mohan

Subjects
Cross-Sectional Studies, Asian People, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Risk Factors, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Internal Medicine, Humans, India, Obesity, Insulin Resistance, Overweight
Abstract

Aims/hypothesis South Asians in general, and Asian Indians in particular, have higher risk of type 2 diabetes compared with white Europeans, and a younger age of onset. The reasons for the younger age of onset in relation to obesity, beta cell function and insulin sensitivity are under-explored. Methods Two cohorts of Asian Indians, the ICMR-INDIAB cohort (Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes Study) and the DMDSC cohort (Dr Mohan’s Diabetes Specialties Centre), and one of white Europeans, the ESDC (East Scotland Diabetes Cohort), were used. Using a cross-sectional design, we examined the comparative prevalence of healthy, overweight and obese participants with young-onset diabetes, classified according to their BMI. We explored the role of clinically measured beta cell function in diabetes onset in Asian Indians. Finally, the comparative distribution of a partitioned polygenic score (pPS) for risk of diabetes due to poor beta cell function was examined. Replication of the genetic findings was sought using data from the UK Biobank. Results The prevalence of young-onset diabetes with normal BMI was 9.3% amongst white Europeans and 24–39% amongst Asian Indians. In Asian Indians with young-onset diabetes, after adjustment for family history of type 2 diabetes, sex, insulin sensitivity and HDL-cholesterol, stimulated C-peptide was 492 pmol/ml (IQR 353–616, pp Conclusions/interpretation The prevalence of lean BMI in young-onset diabetes is over two times higher in Asian Indians compared with white Europeans. This phenotype of lean, young-onset diabetes appears driven in part by lower beta cell function. We demonstrate that Asian Indians with diabetes also have lower genetically determined beta cell function. Graphical abstract

Published
2022

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