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A quantitative and qualitative comparison of the antimicrobial and hemolytic activities of silver in various states, in the form of ions, nanoparticles, and bioconjugates with the antimicrobial protein lysozyme stabilized in an inert zeolite matrix, has been carried out. A synthetic zeolite with a β structure was chosen as a zeolite matrix. Using the ion-exchange method, the method of chemical reduction, and treating the matrix with a silver hydrosol with specified characteristics, samples of zeolites with the same silver content in various forms (Ag+, Ag° - Ag°/Lyz) in the amounts of 0.8 and 5 wt % have been synthesized. The samples obtained were studied by a complex of physicochemical research methods: X-ray diffraction, UV absorption spectroscopy, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, electron microscopy, and atomic absorption. Antimicrobial activity was assessed against antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative microbe (e.g., Escherichia coliML-35, Pseudomonas aeruginosa522/17MDR, Klebsiella pneumoniaeESBL344) and Gram-positive microbe (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus1399/17). The hemolytic activity in relation to human erythrocytes was estimated. The results obtained showed significant antimicrobial activity with a simultaneously high hemolytic activity of ionic silver. Silver nanoparticles have a lower level of antimicrobial activity and toxicity. Bioconjugates of silver nanoparticles and lysozyme showed an optimal combination of antimicrobial properties and lack of hemolytic activity.

Background Current genetic and genomic tests measuring homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) show limited predictive value. This study compares the performance of an immunohistology-based RAD51 test with genetic/genomic tests to identify patients with HRD primary triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and evaluates its accuracy to select patients sensitive to platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Patients and methods This is a retrospective, blinded, biomarker analysis from the GeparSixto randomized clinical trial. TNBC patients received neoadjuvant paclitaxel plus Myocet®-nonpegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PM) or PM plus carboplatin (PMCb), both arms including bevacizumab. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples were laid on tissue microarrays. RAD51, BRCA1 and γH2AX were quantified using an immunofluorescence assay. The predictive value of RAD51 was assessed by regression models. Concordance analyses were carried out between RAD51 score and tumor BRCA (tBRCA) status or genomic HRD score (Myriad myChoice®). Associations with pathological complete response (pCR) and survival were studied. Functional HRD was predefined as a RAD51 score ≤10% (RAD51-low). Results Functional HRD by RAD51-low was evidenced in 81/133 tumors (61%). RAD51 identified 93% tBRCA-mutated tumors and 45% non-tBRCA mutant cases as functional HRD. The concordance between RAD51 and genomic HRD was 87% [95% confidence interval (CI) 79% to 93%]. In patients with RAD51-high tumors, pCR was similar between treatment arms [PMCb 31% versus PM 39%, odds ratio (OR) 0.71, 0.23-2.24, P = 0.56]. Patients with RAD51-low tumors benefited from PMCb (pCR 66% versus 33%, OR 3.96, 1.56-10.05, P = 0.004; interaction test P = 0.02). This benefit maintained statistical significance in the multivariate analysis. Carboplatin addition showed similar disease-free survival in the RAD51-high [hazard ratio (HR) 0.40, log-rank P = 0.11] and RAD51-low (0.45, P = 0.11) groups. Conclusions The RAD51 test identifies tumors with functional HRD and is highly concordant with tBRCA mutation and genomic HRD. RAD51 independently predicts clinical benefit from adding Cb to NACT in TNBC. Our results support further development to incorporate RAD51 testing in clinical decision-making.

Background and Aims: The macrophage “don’t eat me” pathway CD47/SIRPα is a target for promising new immunotherapy. We hypothesized that a soluble variant of SIRPα is present in the blood and may function as a biomarker. Methods: Monocyte derived macrophages (MDMs) from human buffy-coats were stimulated into macrophage subtypes by LPS and IFN-γ (M1), IL-4 and IL-13 (M2a), IL-10 (M2c) and investigated using flow cytometry. Soluble SIRPα (sSIRPα) was measured in cell cultures and serum by Western blotting and an optimized ELISA. Serum samples were obtained from 120 healthy individuals and from 8 individuals challenged by an LPS injection. Results: All macrophage phenotypes expressed SIRPα by flowcytometry, and sSIRPα was present in all culture supernatants including unstimulated cells. M1 macrophages expressed the lowest level of SIRPαand released the highest level of sSIRPα (p < 0.05). In vivo, the serum level of sSIRPα increased significantly (p < 0.0001) after an LPS challenge in humans. The median concentration in healthy individuals was 28.7 µg/L (19.8–41.1, 95% reference interval), and 20.5 µg/L in an IFCC certified serum reference material. The protein was stable in serum for prolonged storage and repeated freeze/thawing. Conclusions: We demonstrate that sSIRPα is produced constitutively and the concentration increases upon macrophage activation both in vitro and in vivo. It is present in human serum where it may function as a biomarker for the activity of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and for monitoring the effect of immunotherapy.

Was to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-scar treatment with Contractubex gel in children and adults.A group of researchers based on clinical hospitals and university medical clinics carry out the multicenter study to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-scar treatment with Contractubex gel containing cepalin, allantoin and heparin, with its early appointment in groups of children from 12 to 18 years old and adults from 21 to 35 years old. The study included data from 216 patients. Patients of both age groups were initially divided into two: the main and control ones with an equal distribution according to the type of surgical intervention (hernia repair and appendectomy), age, gender, and anamnestic data. The dynamic observation was carried out using two rating scales - filled out by a doctor (Vancouver scale) and a patient (author's rating scale in the Scar Diary mobile application).Based on the results of the analysis of the data obtained, a high efficiency of the use of Contractubex gel at the early stages of scar formation among patients of the main group in comparison with the control was revealed. By 90 days, the treatment result according to the Vancouver scale was 0,16±0,1 points in the main group and 0,39±0,2 points in the control group. At the same time, with a dynamic scale for assessing the cicatricial process, there was a significant (The work confirms the undoubted need for anti-scar treatment in the early stages of scar formation after surgical interventions, which accelerates the psychophysical rehabilitation of patients after surgery and improves the quality of life.Оценка эффективности противорубцовой терапии гелем Контрактубекс у подростков и взрослых.Обследованы 216 пациентов: подростки от 12 до 18 лет и взрослые от 21 до 35 лет, которые были разделены на две группы (основная и контрольная) равнозначным распределением по виду хирургического вмешательства (грыжесечение и аппендэктомия), возрасту, полу, анамнестическим данным. Оценивалась эффективность противорубцовой терапии гелем Контрактубекс, содержащим цепалин, аллантоин и гепарин, с ранним его назначением в группах. Наблюдение в динамике проводилось с использованием двух оценочных шкал: Ванкуверской шкалы (заполняется врачом) и авторской оценочной шкалы в мобильном приложении «Дневник рубца» (заполняется пациентом).Выявлена высокая эффективность применения геля Контрактубекс на ранних этапах развития рубца среди пациентов основной группы в сравнении с контрольной. К 90-м суткам результат лечения по Ванкуверской шкале составил в основной группе 0,16±0,1 балла, в контрольной — 0,39±0,2 балла. В то же время по динамической шкале оценки рубцового процесса отмечалось достоверное (Подтверждена несомненная необходимость проведения противорубцовой терапии на ранних стадиях формирования рубцов после оперативных вмешательств, обеспечивающей ускорение психофизической реабилитации пациентов после операций и улучшение качества жизни.

The purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of various compression techniques with a prolonged-action patch on postoperative scars.The study included 21 patients aged 3.6±1.7 years who had scars after surgery. The patients were divided into two groups: group No 1 (n=11), in which they applied longitudinal patch of prolonged-action Contractubex according to the standard technique; group No 2 (n=10) - transverse imposition of the patch on the postoperative scar (according to the author's method).In 20 (95.5%) patients, good compliance was noted. By the 90Thus, the effectiveness of the proposed technique of transverse imposition of the patch Contractubex on the postoperative scar after surgical intervention was confirmed by a good cosmetic and functional result of scar formation.Цель исследования - сравнение эффективности различных методик компрессии пластырем пролонгированного действия на послеоперационные рубцы. Материал и методы. В исследование был включен 21 пациент в возрасте 3,6±1,7 года, имевших рубцы после оперативных вмешательств по поводу удаления образований кожных покровов. Больные были разделены на две группы: 1-я группа (n=11) с продольным наложением пластыря пролонгированного действия Контрактубекс по общепринятой методике; 2-я группа (n=10) - поперечное наложение пластыря на послеоперационный рубец (по авторской методике). Результаты. У 20 (95,5%) пациентов отмечали хорошую комплаентность. К 90-м суткам после оперативного вмешательства ширина рубца в 1-й группе была достоверно больше, чем во 2-й группе, составляя 2,5±0,15 и 2,0±0,1 (p0,05). Выводы. Таким образом, эффективность предложенной методики поперечного наложения пролонгированного пластыря Контрактубекс после оперативных вмешательств подтверждалась хорошим косметическим и функциональным результатом формирования рубца.

There were performed researches on morphometric (the nuclear area, perimeter, the maximum and minimum diameters) and densitometric (optical density, integrated optical density) parameters of nuclei of cells on the cytologic smears received from 28 patients with atypical hyperplasia and an initial breast cancer. Significant reduction of measured nuclei parameters was noted among: moderately - and high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ, atypical ductal hyperplasia, lobular carcinoma in situ, an invasive papillary cancer, intraductal papilloma. The lowest value of the measured parameters was noted at love-grade ductal carcinoma in situ and intraductal papillary cancer. It was established that morphometric and densitometric indicators at atypical hyperplasia of an epithelium and an initial breast cancer in some cases overlap each other that is at the bottom of difficulties of differential cytomorphological diagnostics and quite often forces to formulate the cytologic conclusion in the presumable form.

Results are presented of preoperative and intraoperative cytological diagnosis of breast cancer metastases in regional lymph nodes in 84 patients. Of them in 42 there was studied material of fine-needle aspiration biopsy, in 42 - smears of sentinel lymph nodes. In all cases cytohistological comparisons were carried out. The effectiveness of cytological examination of material of fine-needle aspiration biopsy was 90.5%. Urgent cytology of smears of sentinel lymph nodes allowed revealing metastases in 5 of 10 patients. The use of immunohistochemical examination increases the likelihood of detection of micrometastases and isolated tumor cell clusters.

This paper presents an analysis of the results of cytological diagnostics of breast tumors in 3415 patients who underwent tests in the Laboratory of Cytology for 2009-2013. In 1434 patients there were performed cytohistological correlations. Sensitivity of cytology was 99.1%, specificity--93.5%, predictive value of the positive test--98.5%, predictive value of the negative test--95.9%, accuracy--98%. Non-informative material was obtained in 13.5% of cases. The main factors that reduced effectiveness of cytological method were non-informative and little informative material and also difficulties in conducting of differential cytomorphological diagnostics.

Inhibition of c-myc and N-myc genes by dsRNAs in carcinoma and neuroblastoma cells was investigated. siRNA-Ex3 targeted to the third exon of c-myc gene was found to decrease the level of c-myc but not N-myc mRNA and decrease the rate or even arrest proliferation of c-myc overexpressing cell lines KB-3-1 and SK-N-MC. This siRNA did not affect proliferation of IMR-32 (which overexpress N-myc). siRNA-Ex2 corresponding (with 1-2 mismatches) to the conservative region of the second exon of both c- and N-myc was able to downregulate both genes and to reduce proliferation of KB-3-1, SK-N-MC, and IMR-32 cells. Long dsRNA corresponding to the 3 exon of c-myc gene (dsMyc), poly(I:C), and GU-rich siRNA-I, corresponding to the intron sequence of human MDR1 gene demonstrated high antiproliferative activity in experiments with KB-3-1 cells. Short-term elevation of PKR or/and OAS1 mRNA levels was detected in the cells affected by interferon inducer poly(I:C). dsMyc, poly(I:C), and even siRNA-I, which could not affect c-myc mRNA by RNA interference mechanism, were found to inhibit proliferation of the KB-3-1 cells and to decrease the mRNA level of interferon-sensitive genes c-myc and beta-actin.

Suppression of c-myc protooncogene expression in KB-3-1 cells by siRNA was investigated. The siRNA duplex targeted to the exon 3 of c-myc mRNA was prepared by in vitro transcription with T7 RNA polymerase on short dsDNA-templates. It was found that incubation of KB-3-1 cells in the presence of 75 nM siRNA results in decrease of the c-myc mRNA level down to 5% of the level in the control cells and significant decline of KB-3-1 cell proliferation rate. Using 200 nM siRNA four-fold decrease of KB-3-1 cells proliferation rate was observed and this effect was stable at least 96 h after transfection.

Human placenta and calf thymus DNA-polymerase-alpha-primases were analyzed using native gradient-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis followed by overlay assays of polymerase and primase activities. The human enzyme contained three catalytically active native forms of 330, 440 and 560 kDa and the bovine enzyme five forms of 330, 440, 500, 590 and 660 kDa. Of the various DNA polymerase forms, only the largest (560 kDa for human DNA polymerase and 590 kDa and 660 kDa for bovine DNA polymerase) contained primase activity. Titration of human DNA-polymerase-alpha-primase with DNA-polymerase-free primase caused the conversion of the 440-kDa to the 560-kDa form. The data favour the idea that primase binds to DNA polymerase alpha as an oligomer of 3 primases/polymerase core. In addition, the ability of primase to utilize oligoriboadenylates containing (prA)n or pp(prA)n was investigated. The primase elongated pp(prA)2-7 up to nanoadenylates or decaadenylates, but did not add 9 or 10 mononucleotides to a preexistent primer. In contrast to pp(prA)n less than 10, (prA)n less than 10 were rather poor primers for the primase. Both pp(prA)8,9 and (prA)n greater than 10 were elongated by primase, producing characteristic multimeric oligonucleotides. The possible connection of the structure of the DNA-polymerase-alpha-primase complex with the catalytical properties of primase is discussed.

Strains of silver foxes, selectively bred at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, are a well established, novel model for studying the genetic basis of behavior, and the processes involved in canine domestication. Here we describe a method to measure fox behavior as quantitative phenotypes which distinguish populations and resegregate in experimental pedigrees. We defined 50 binary observations that nonredundantly and accurately distinguished behaviors in reference populations and cross-bred pedigrees. Principal-component analysis dissected out the independent elements underlying these behaviors. PC1 accounted for >44% of the total variance in measured traits. This system clearly distinguished tame foxes from aggressive and wildtype foxes. F1 foxes yield intermediate values that extend into the ranges of both the tame and aggressive foxes, while the scores of the backcross generation resegregate. These measures can thus be used for QTL mapping to explore the genetic basis of tame and aggressive behavior in foxes, which should provide new insights into the mechanisms of mammalian behavior and canine domestication.

Small interfering RNAs (siRNA) provide a powerful approach for sequence-specific silencing of gene expression. In the present study we investigated inhibition of c-myc gene expression by siRNAs targeted to the sequence 1452-1470 b. in third exon of c-myc mRNA and to homologous regions in second exons of c-myc (697-715 b.) and N-myc (302-320 b.) mRNAs. siRNAs were prepared enzymatically according to the scheme, including dsDNA-templates preparation using Klenow fragment, separate in vitro transcription of each RNA strand with subsequent hybridization and removal of leader sequences by T1 RNase. Investigation of c-myc gene silencing by siRNAs revealed that enzymatically prepared siRNAs induce stronger inhibition of c-myc expression, than siRNA with the same sequence prepared by chemical synthesis. It was found that down-regulation of c-myc gene expression by investigated siRNAs results in efficient inhibition and even complete arrest of carcinoma cell proliferation, moreover, the extend of growth inhibition correlates with the level of siRNA-mediated reduction of c-myc mRNA.

Suppression of c-myc proto-oncogene expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) in human epidermoid carcinoma KB-3-1 and neuroblastoma SK-N-MC cell lines was investigated. The siRNA duplex targeted to the exon 3 of c-myc mRNA (siRNA-I) was prepared by in vitro transcription using T7 RNA polymerase and short double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) templates. siRNA-I was shown to efficiently decrease c-myc mRNA expression in both tumor cell lines and to arrest their proliferation. Incubation of KB-3-1 cells with 150 nM siRNA-I results in a 92% decrease in the c-myc mRNA level and an 83% decrease in the protein level. In SK-N-MC cells, 150 nM siRNA-I causes a 60% decrease in the c-myc mRNA level and a 55% decrease in the protein level. The reduction of the c-myc mRNA level correlates with the inhibition of cell proliferation; 150 nM siRNA-I causes a 2.5-fold reduction in the SK-N-MC proliferation rate and a 15-fold decrease in the proliferation rate and complete arrest of cell division in KB-3-1 cells. siRNA-I has little effect on proliferation of the IMR-32 cells that overexpress the N-myc but not the c-myc gene, demonstrating that siRNA-I antiproliferation activity is mediated by specific block of c-myc expression.

Interaction of oligonucleotides condensed into long concatemeric complexes with cancer cells was investigated. Pairs of 24- and 25-mer oligodeoxyribonucleotides were designed so that they could hybridize and form concatemeric structures. Pre-assembling of the oligonucleotides into concatemers considerably enhanced their ability to bind to human embryo kidney 293 cells and neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells as compared to free oligonucleotides. Efficiency of concatemers binding to the cells is improved with increase of the length and concentration of concatemeric complexes. The obtained results suggest incorporation of pharmacologically active oligonucleotides into concatemeric complexes as an approach to improvement of their cellular interaction.

Inhibition of p-glycoprotein (PGP) expression and reverse of multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype in KB-8-5 cells by synthetic 21-bp double-stranded oligoribonucleotides were investigated. siRNA constructs for the efficient down regulation of MDR1 that are active in nanomolar concentrations and cause reversal of MDR phenotype in cells were developed.

Background and aims: In critically ill patients, fractional hepatic de novo lipogenesis increases in proportion to carbohydrate administration during isoenergetic nutrition. In this study, we sought to determine whether this increase may be the consequence of continuous enteral nutrition and bed rest. We, therefore, measured fractional hepatic de novo lipogenesis in a group of 12 healthy subjects during near-continuous oral feeding (hourly isoenergetic meals with a liquid formula containing 55% carbohydrate). In eight subjects, near-continuous enteral nutrition and bed rest were applied over a 10 h period. In the other four subjects, it was extended to 34 h. Fractional hepatic de novo lipogenesis was measured by infusing13 C-labeled acetate and monitoring VLDL-13C palmitate enrichment with mass isotopomer distribution analysis. Fractional hepatic de novo lipogenesis was 3.2% (range 1.5–7.5%) in the eight subjects after 10 h of near continuous nutrition and 1.6% (range 1.3–2.0%) in the four subjects after 34 h of near-continuous nutrition and bed rest. This indicates that continuous nutrition and physical inactivity do not increase hepatic de novo lipogenesis. Fractional hepatic de novo lipogenesis previously reported in critically ill patients under similar nutritional conditions (9.3%) (range 5.3–15.8%) was markedly higher than in healthy subjects (P

The paper presents the study in of the combined psychopharmaco-psychocorrective method designed specially for juvenile patients with endogenic depressive disorders. Psychocorrective measures included the method of "rehabilitation training of social habits" used on the stage of hospital therapy and psychocorrective training according to "social support" method used in group psychotherapy outpatiently. A 5 year follow-up study performed in 110 showed that psychotherapy has increased efficiency of the therapy in terms of both reduction of clinic disorders in the acute period and prophylaxis of the relapses as well as social readaptation.

Interaction of transcription factors with functional regions of gene mdr1 promoter has been studied. Binding of transcription factors to double-stranded (ds) oligonucleotides, mimicking four important regulatory regions before and after treatment of KB and K-562 cell lines with doxorubicin, cytarabine, and vinblastine was analysed by gel-shift assay. Gene induction resulted in enhancement of the main complex A(A1) proteins formation on the all four regions in both the cell lines. Inhibition of each complex formation by an excess of non-radiolabelled ds oligonucleotides suggests the possibility of regions interaction during promoter activation. Another indication of interaction of regulatory regions during activation is overlapping minor complexes sets. The results suggest that the four studied regulatory regions are important for mdr1 gene activation. Corresponding oligonucleotides mimicking these regions can be employed as inhibitors of gene transcription that bind specific transcriptional factors.

146 patients were subjected to radical operations on the maxillary sinus with opening of the ethmoidal labyrinth cells. The superior effect of postoperative insertion of the latex tampon over gauze turunda was seen. Effective were also analgetics-antipiretics (paracetamol) and tactivin as medical correctors of early postoperative symptoms.

The aim of this paper is to study the recognition of facial expression of emotions in depressed patients with major depressive disorder (MD) and schizotypal personality disorder (STP). The pictures of sad, emotionally neutral, and happy faces followed by a masking stimulus were displayed for 80 msec on a computer screen randomly in the left or right hemifield of vision (LHF and RHF). The subjects had to respond by pressing a three position key. Multiple analysis of variance revealed that all depressed patients, relative to control subjects, made more errors in a task of recognition of facial affect. The characteristics of impairment of performance were found to be related to the nosology of depression. MD patients revealed significantly impaired recognition of negative (in LHF and in RHF) and positive (in LHF) facial emotions, as well as poorer recognition in the right hemisphere, and reduced hemispheric asymmetry. In remission, they showed statistically significant recovery of recognition function. STP patients were less impaired and showed slightly poorer recognition of sad (in RHF) and happy (in LHF) expressions. This group demonstrated significantly poor recognition of happy expressions, and more marked dysfunction of the left hemisphere. In remission, STP patients failed to improve in recognition of emotion. This suggests, that the features of emotion recognition in MD and STP groups reflect some differences in the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the affect-related dysfunction in these groups of depressed patients.

The functional activity of natural killer (NK) and of T-helper (TH) lymphocytes was examined both in 19 patients with schizophrenia and in 6 patients with schizoaffective psychosis as well as in 93 control individuals. The patients were examined both before the treatment and two months after it. The cytotoxic level of NK lymphocytes was considerably decreased in all the patients before the treatment. The TH activity was decreased in 8 of 17 schizophrenic patients and in 1 of 4 schizoaffective patients observed during the acute period. The increase of cytotoxic NK activity was seen in patients with schizoaffective psychosis after the treatment while such alterations in schizophrenic patients were absent. The TH activity changed neither in schizophrenic nor in schizoaffective patients after the treatment.

The recognition of facial emotional expression in depressed patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and slow progressive schizophrenia (SPS) in acute state and in remission was studied in comparison with healthy persons. All the subjects were right-handed. The drawings of sad, neutral and happy faces followed by masking stimulus were displayed in the center field and in the left or right hemifield of vision on the computer screen for 80 ms. All the depressed patients revealed marked impairment of facial emotion recognition, especially for negative on, and disturbances of hemisphere asymmetry. There were some differences between MDD and SPS patients. The MDD patients showed more significant impairment of emotion recognition and right hemisphere disfunction. The SPS patients were less impaired and revealed mild worsening in the left hemisphere only. In remission MDD patients showed a significant improvement of emotion recognition contrary to SPS patients who failed to recover this function. The revealed emotion recognition disturbances in MDD patients are supposed to be dynamic, whereas in depressed patients with SPS it is considered to be a trait feature.

The authors studied therapeutic properties of fluoxetine in the treatment of 100 patients with endogenous depressions. The drug was introduced during 6 weeks in a daily dose 20 mg. On the basis of the analysis of its clinical action and adverse reactions, fluoxetine belonging to the class of antidepressants has been ascertained. A prevalence of thymoleptic and stimulating components in its action, equal by their degree of expressivity and a smaller degree of anxiolytic effect have been demonstrated. Differentiated indications to fluoxetine prescription, its predilection in the therapy of apatho-adynamic and melancholic depressions and the feasibility of its use in inpatient conditions are discussed.

This paper discusses the problem of how allergic responses to drug therapy can be obviated by using Flack's leukocyte agglomeration reaction (LAR). The sensitivity and reliability of the method were tested in patients who had drug allergic responses in their case histories. Altogether 112 patients were examined. The LAR data and history observations coincided in 68.7-83.3%. It is concluded that Flack's LAR is a reliable diagnostic method; it is simple, safe and can be widely used to diagnose drug allergy and to identify the drug allergen.

Data on the frequency of intestinal infections caused by Klebsiella spp. in infants at the age of 1 month to 1 year and antibiotic resistance of K. pneumoniae and K. oxytoca isolates from newborns and infants aged 1 month to 1 year are presented. The frequency of the Klebsiella isolates from the newborns and infants at the age of 1 month to 1 year with acute intestinal infections amounted to 17.7 +/- 1.4 and 42.5 +/- 1.4 per cent, respectively. The majority of the clinical strains had a multiple resistance to 7-9 drugs. The overwhelming majority of the strains were sensitive to gentamicin, monomycin, kanamycin, neomycin and polymyxin B.

A study was undertaken to examine 320 patients with seasonal fevers occurred in June to September. These included fever of unknown etiology, acute respiratory virus diseases, pneumonias, bronchitis, enterovirus diseases, and serous meningitis. Serological tests revealed that in 20 (6.3%) of them the viruses of the complex in California encephalitis (Tyagin's virus or antigenically related virus) contributed to the etiology of the disease. Major clinical symptoms of the disease were defined in this group of patients. The disease appeared as neuroinfections (serous meningitis), influenza-like conditions (fever, symptoms of intoxication), occasionally, infiltrative changes in the lung. Thus, the viruses of the antigen complex of California encephalitis makes an etiological contribution to infectious abnormalities.

The study of the immunological structure of the population in respect of intestinal yersiniosis at territories with different hydrothermal conditions has revealed the presence of a greater immune stratum (23.9% with the average agglutination titer being 1.8 +/- 0.09 log D) in humid areas, such as the region of the Upper Volga, in comparison with dry areas, such as the region of the Middle Volga, where the level of the immune stratum has proved to be twice as low (10.6% with the average agglutination titer being 0.8 +/- 0.1 log D). At both territories no essential differences in the risk of infection between the inhabitants of rural and urban areas, as well as between different professional and age groups have been revealed, with the exception of persons over 51 years of age, among whom the occurrence of seroconversions has proved to be lower.

The drug antibodies were radioimmunologically detected in 58.3% of depressive patients treated with Imipramine. A group of patients with the antibodies permanently present either proved fully resistant or showed a minor effect. A group with antibodies arising just at the start of the treatment displayed either complete remission or substantial improvement. Antibodies were not found in patients exhibiting full recovery or considerable improvement.

On the basis of the results of an 18-26-year-long follow up of 100 patients with juvenile slowly progressive neurosis-like schizophrenia with an onset of the disease in youth the authors have identified a group of patients (n = 25) who presented practical cure. Comparison of the peculiarities of neurosis-like disturbances and their dynamics during the active stage of the disease in this group and in patients in whom stable neurosis-like manifestations persisted up to the late stages of the disease (n = 75) has made it possible to determine those types of neurosis-like states which correlate with the outcome of the disease. Some clinical and pathogenetic signs have been identified which help specify some aspects of the clinical and social prognosis.

In schizophrenic patients, the course of lipid peroxidation (LP) was investigated as indicated by pentane contents in the expired air (gas chromatography) during a course of psychotropic drug therapy. In 80% of the patients LP was activated before the therapy and reduced in its course with the levels in remission comparable to those characteristic of healthy controls. The LP decreased in a "leap-like" manner with episodes far exceeding the control levels. These leaps' rate and the baseline LP increase before therapy positively correlated with severity of the signs of the disease, its duration, and pre-existing level of negative disorders.

Clinical catamnestic and experimental psychologic techniques allowed the authors to single out a range of personality and psychosocial structures in patients with juvenile slow progredient neurosis-like schizophrenia with favorable outcome up to "virtual recovery". Influencing these structures with respect to the patients' age could promote their general and special activities, heighten their level and quality of adaptation to major spheres of social functioning. This provided a basis for establishing the major goals of social rehabilitative and psychic corrective aid to the juvenile patients.