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Background Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the gallbladder are rare and generally considered low-grade malignancies. We herein describe a case of a patient with a 0.8-cm clear cell NET G1 of the gallbladder with nodal involvement. Case presentation A 65-year-old man with no medical history indicative of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholecystolithiasis. There was a 0.8-cm tumor in the neck of the gallbladder. Histologic examination revealed nests or trabecular growth of clear cells with small round-to-oval nuclei. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells showed positivity for chromogranin A and synaptophysin; Ki-67 index was

A 64-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of epigastralgia. Gastrointestinal endoscopyrevealed a submucosal tumor with ulceration in the upper bodyof the stomach. The tumor was histologicallydiagnosed as a neuroendocrine carcinoma. CT showed that the tumor had directlyinfiltrated the pancreas and splenic vessels. The patient underwent onlyan exploratorylaparotomybecause the tumor seemed to involve the celiac artery. Chemotherapywas conducted using CPT-11/ CDDP. After 15 courses of chemotherapy, a significant tumor reduction was obtained. We performed total gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy, distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy. Histopathological examination of surgical specimens showed that onlyfew carcinoma cells remained in the stomach and pancreas. Neoadjuvant chemotherapycan be a useful treatment for unresectable locallyadvanced neuroendocrine carcinoma of the stomach.

An 82-year-old man with upper abdominal pain was referred to our hospital because of an elevated serum CEA level and dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts on ultrasonography.Computed tomography revealed a hypovascular mass measuring 5.0 cm in size in the lateral section, dilatation of the peripheral intrahepatic bile ducts, and swollen lymph nodes around the lesser curvature of the stomach, the common hepatic artery, and the paraaorta.He was diagnosed with unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and he received chemotherapy with biweekly gemcitabine plus cisplatin.After 33 courses of the chemotherapy, computed tomography revealed that the tumor size decreased over 63%, and all swollen lymph nodes had almost resolved.He underwent a left hemihepatectomy 1 year 6 months after the start of the chemotherapy.He remains alive and well with no evidence of recurrence, 11 months after resection.

A 77-year-old woman with rectal cancer and synchronous liver metastasis underwent a Hartmann operation with D3 lymph node dissection in June 2014. mFOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab(bev)was then administered to treat the liver metastasis.In February 2015, multiple liver metastases were detected and the regimen was changed to FOLFIRI plus bev.After 3 courses, peritonitis due to intestinal perforation around the descending colostomy occurred, and an emergency operation(partial resection of the descending colon and transverse colostomy)was performed.FOLFIRI was then administered from 2 months after the operation.After 3 courses of this regimen, a CT scan showed progression of the hepatic metastases.The regimen was therefore changed to mFOLFOX6.Five months later, another CT scan showed an intestinal perforation of the transverse colostomy at the abdominal wall, and an emergency cecostomy was performed.At this stage, chemotherapy was ceased.This case highlights the risk of intestinal perforation during chemotherapy, regardless of the use of bev.

An 81-year-old man presented with chief complaints of abdominal pain and vomiting. Intestinal obstruction was found at the time of admission to a local hospital in October 2011. Conservative treatment provided symptomatic relief; however, he was readmitted with similar symptoms in December 2011. Small-intestinal wall thickening was detected by abdominal and pelvic computed tomography, and he was referred to our hospital. Small-bowel endoscopy revealed an elevated subcircumferential tumor in the jejunum. Biopsy revealed well to moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma diagnosed as jejunal cancer, which caused narrowing of the jejunum. Single-incision laparoscopy-assisted small-bowel resection was performed. The intraoperative findings were a tumor with inflammatory changes in the jejunum and enlarged surrounding lymph nodes. We performed regional lymph node dissection. Histopathological analysis showed moderately differentiated small-intestinal tubular adenocarcinoma and 2 of 5 lymph nodes positive for metastatic cancer cells. After an uneventful postoperative course, he was discharged on day 7. He preferred not to undergo postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and quickly recovered his activities of daily living postoperatively. He stayed home until he developed abdominal distention resulting from peritoneal recurrence 1 year and 6 months postoperatively and died 1 month later.

In the present study, we aimed to describe the surgical results of single-port laparoscopic stoma creation in our institution.We examined the safety of the surgical procedure and short-term results in 10 consecutive patients who underwent single-port laparoscopic stoma creation at our hospital between April 2011 and July 2013.The median age of the patients was 60.5 (range, 31-75) years. Five patients were men, and 5 were women. There were 5 cases of colorectal cancer, 2 each of extramammary Paget's disease and uterine cancer, and one of perineal neurofibroma. Eight surgeries were performed for bowel obstruction or stenosis, and two surgeries were performed for other reasons. The median operative time was 59.5 (range, 40-91) min, blood loss volume was 0 (range, 0-10) mL, postoperative duration before commencement of oral intake was 2.5 (range, 1-4) days, and duration of postoperative hospital stay was 11(range, 5-19) days. No short-term complications were noted after the surgery.Single-port laparoscopic stoma creation appears to be feasible in terms of safety and short-term surgical results, and may improve the quality of life of patients requiring fecal diversion.

Perineural invasion (PN) diagnosed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining is an important prognostic factor after curative-intent surgery in patients with colorectal cancer. However, the clinical significance of PN diagnosed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) has not been investigated. The present study assessed the clinical significance of PN diagnosed by IHC with an anti-S100 antibody in patients with colorectal cancer.We retrospectively enrolled 184 consecutive patients with stage I-III colorectal cancer who had undergone curative-intent surgery. We analyzed the absence/presence of PN diagnosed by HE staining (HE-PN) compared to that diagnosed by IHC with the anti-S100 antibody (S100-PN). Potential prognostic factors were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses of the overall and relapse-free survival. The [Formula: see text] statistics were used to assess the inter-observer reproducibility.The incidence of HE-PN and S100-PN among the 184 patients was 60 patients (32.6%) and 113 patients (61.4%), respectively (P0.001). A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis indicated that S100-PN was an independent prognostic factor for both the overall and relapse-free survival. The [Formula: see text] value was 0.77 for S100-PN and 0.47 for HE-PN.PN diagnosed by IHC is an important prognostic factor in patients with colorectal cancer. An inter-observer assessment showed superior judgment reproducibility for S100-PN compared with HE-PN.

We evaluated the impact of advanced age on the morbidity, mortality, and long-term outcome after emergency surgery for diffuse peritonitis. We retrospectively evaluated the mortality and morbidity rates in 36 patients who were 80 years of age or older and who had undergone emergency surgery for diffuse peritonitis, and calculated 5-year survival by the Kaplan-Meier method. Factors compromising prognosis were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses. The median patient age was 84 years (range, 80–97 years); 16 patients were men and 20 were women. Preoperative concomitant disease was present in 81% of patients; cardiac disease was most common. Sites of visceral perforation were in the upper gastrointestinal tract in five patients, colon or rectum in 30, and gallbladder in 1. The postoperative morbidity rate was 72%, the surgical mortality rate was 11%, and the in-hospital mortality rate was 28%. The median hospital stay was 56 days. The median survival was 41 months, with a 5-year survival rate of 23%. A multivariate analysis identified number of failing organs as the only independent adverse prognostic factor (P < 0.001; relative risk 5.51, 95% confidence interval 1.97–15.4). Elderly patients with diffuse peritonitis had an unsatisfactory rate of short-term morbidity and mortality compared with those undergoing elective surgery. Postoperative organ failure was most likely to compromise survival.