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1. Phenotypic and mutational spectrum of ROR2‐related Robinow syndrome

Author

Lima, Ariadne R, Ferreira, Barbara M, Zhang, Chaofan, Jolly, Angad, Du, Haowei, White, Janson J, Dawood, Moez, Lins, Tulio C, Chiabai, Marcela A, Beusekom, Ellen, Cordoba, Mara S, Rosa, Erica CC Caldas, Kayserili, Hulya, Kimonis, Virginia, Wu, Erica, Mellado, Cecilia, Aggarwal, Vineet, Richieri‐Costa, Antonio, Brunoni, Décio, Canó, Talyta M, Jorge, Alexander AL, Kim, Chong A, Honjo, Rachel, Bertola, Débora R, Dandalo‐Girardi, Raissa M, Bayram, Yavuz, Gezdirici, Alper, Yilmaz‐Gulec, Elif, Gumus, Evren, Yilmaz, Gülay C, Okamoto, Nobuhiko, Ohashi, Hirofumi, Coban–Akdemir, Zeynep, Mitani, Tadahiro, Jhangiani, Shalini N, Muzny, Donna M, Regattieri, Neysa AP, Pogue, Robert, Pereira, Rinaldo W, Otto, Paulo A, Gibbs, Richard A, Ali, Bassam R, Bokhoven, Hans, Brunner, Han G, Sutton, V Reid, Lupski, James R, Vianna‐Morgante, Angela M, Carvalho, Claudia MB, and Mazzeu, Juliana F

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Genetics, Clinical Research, Pediatric, Congenital Structural Anomalies, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Craniofacial Abnormalities, Dwarfism, Genes, Recessive, Humans, Limb Deformities, Congenital, Male, Phenotype, Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-like Orphan Receptors, Urogenital Abnormalities, chromosome microarray analysis, craniofacial morphology, exonic deletion, HPO terms, next-generation sequencing, quantitative phenotyping cluster heatmap, skeletal dysplasia, WNT pathway, Clinical Sciences, Genetics & Heredity, Clinical sciences
Abstract

Robinow syndrome is characterized by a triad of craniofacial dysmorphisms, disproportionate-limb short stature, and genital hypoplasia. A significant degree of phenotypic variability seems to correlate with different genes/loci. Disturbances of the noncanonical WNT-pathway have been identified as the main cause of the syndrome. Biallelic variants in ROR2 cause an autosomal recessive form of the syndrome with distinctive skeletal findings. Twenty-two patients with a clinical diagnosis of autosomal recessive Robinow syndrome were screened for variants in ROR2 using multiple molecular approaches. We identified 25 putatively pathogenic ROR2 variants, 16 novel, including single nucleotide variants and exonic deletions. Detailed phenotypic analyses revealed that all subjects presented with a prominent forehead, hypertelorism, short nose, abnormality of the nasal tip, brachydactyly, mesomelic limb shortening, short stature, and genital hypoplasia in male patients. A total of 19 clinical features were present in more than 75% of the subjects, thus pointing to an overall uniformity of the phenotype. Disease-causing variants in ROR2, contribute to a clinically recognizable autosomal recessive trait phenotype with multiple skeletal defects. A comprehensive quantitative clinical evaluation of this cohort delineated the phenotypic spectrum of ROR2-related Robinow syndrome. The identification of exonic deletion variant alleles further supports the contention of a loss-of-function mechanism in the etiology of the syndrome.

Published
2022

2. Growth characteristics in individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta in North America: results from a multicenter study

Author

Jain, Mahim, Tam, Allison, Shapiro, Jay R, Steiner, Robert D, Smith, Peter A, Bober, Michael B, Hart, Tracy, Cuthbertson, David, Krischer, Jeff, Mullins, Mary, Bellur, Sunil, Byers, Peter H, Pepin, Melanie, Durigova, Michaela, Glorieux, Francis H, Rauch, Frank, Lee, Brendan, Sutton, V Reid, , Members of the Brittle Bone Disorders Consortium*,, and Nagamani, Sandesh CS

Subjects
Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Nutrition, Pediatric, Obesity, Digestive Diseases, Prevention, Clinical Research, Congenital Structural Anomalies, Rare Diseases, Adolescent, Adult, Body Height, Body Mass Index, Body Weight, Child, Child, Preschool, Diphosphonates, Female, Humans, Male, North America, Pamidronate, Young Adult, Growth, Height, Natural history study, Osteogenesis imperfecta, Weight, Members of the Brittle Bone Disorders Consortium*, Genetics, Clinical Sciences, Genetics & Heredity
Abstract

PurposeOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) predisposes people to recurrent fractures, bone deformities, and short stature. There is a lack of large-scale systematic studies that have investigated growth parameters in OI.MethodsUsing data from the Linked Clinical Research Centers, we compared height, growth velocity, weight, and body mass index (BMI) in 552 individuals with OI. Height, weight, and BMI were plotted on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention normative curves.ResultsIn children, the median z-scores for height in OI types I, III, and IV were -0.66, -6.91, and -2.79, respectively. Growth velocity was diminished in OI types III and IV. The median z-score for weight in children with OI type III was -4.55. The median z-scores for BMI in children with OI types I, III, and IV were 0.10, 0.91, and 0.67, respectively. Generalized linear model analyses demonstrated that the height z-score was positively correlated with the severity of the OI subtype (P

Published
2019

3. Asprosin is a centrally acting orexigenic hormone

Author

Duerrschmid, Clemens, He, Yanlin, Wang, Chunmei, Li, Chia, Bournat, Juan C, Romere, Chase, Saha, Pradip K, Lee, Mark E, Phillips, Kevin J, Jain, Mahim, Jia, Peilin, Zhao, Zhongming, Farias, Monica, Wu, Qi, Milewicz, Dianna M, Sutton, V Reid, Moore, David D, Butte, Nancy F, Krashes, Michael J, Xu, Yong, and Chopra, Atul R

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Appetite Depressants, Appetite Regulation, Female, Fibrillin-1, Humans, Hypothalamus, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Microfilament Proteins, Neurons, Peptide Fragments, Peptide Hormones, Rats, Signal Transduction, Young Adult, Medical and Health Sciences, Immunology, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

Asprosin is a recently discovered fasting-induced hormone that promotes hepatic glucose production. Here we demonstrate that asprosin in the circulation crosses the blood-brain barrier and directly activates orexigenic AgRP+ neurons via a cAMP-dependent pathway. This signaling results in inhibition of downstream anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-positive neurons in a GABA-dependent manner, which then leads to appetite stimulation and a drive to accumulate adiposity and body weight. In humans, a genetic deficiency in asprosin causes a syndrome characterized by low appetite and extreme leanness; this is phenocopied by mice carrying similar mutations and can be fully rescued by asprosin. Furthermore, we found that obese humans and mice had pathologically elevated concentrations of circulating asprosin, and neutralization of asprosin in the blood with a monoclonal antibody reduced appetite and body weight in obese mice, in addition to improving their glycemic profile. Thus, in addition to performing a glucogenic function, asprosin is a centrally acting orexigenic hormone that is a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of both obesity and diabetes.

Published
2017

4. Asprosin, a Fasting-Induced Glucogenic Protein Hormone

Author

Romere, Chase, Duerrschmid, Clemens, Bournat, Juan, Constable, Petra, Jain, Mahim, Xia, Fan, Saha, Pradip K, Del Solar, Maria, Zhu, Bokai, York, Brian, Sarkar, Poonam, Rendon, David A, Gaber, M Waleed, LeMaire, Scott A, Coselli, Joseph S, Milewicz, Dianna M, Sutton, V Reid, Butte, Nancy F, Moore, David D, and Chopra, Atul R

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Biological Sciences, Liver Disease, Diabetes, Digestive Diseases, Aetiology, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Underpinning research, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Metabolic and endocrine, Adipose Tissue, White, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Antibodies, Circadian Rhythm, Cyclic AMP, Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases, Fasting, Female, Fetal Growth Retardation, Fibrillin-1, Glucose, Humans, Insulin, Liver, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Obese, Microfilament Proteins, Molecular Sequence Data, Peptide Fragments, Peptide Hormones, Progeria, Recombinant Proteins, Sequence Alignment, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences
Abstract

Hepatic glucose release into the circulation is vital for brain function and survival during periods of fasting and is modulated by an array of hormones that precisely regulate plasma glucose levels. We have identified a fasting-induced protein hormone that modulates hepatic glucose release. It is the C-terminal cleavage product of profibrillin, and we name it Asprosin. Asprosin is secreted by white adipose, circulates at nanomolar levels, and is recruited to the liver, where it activates the G protein-cAMP-PKA pathway, resulting in rapid glucose release into the circulation. Humans and mice with insulin resistance show pathologically elevated plasma asprosin, and its loss of function via immunologic or genetic means has a profound glucose- and insulin-lowering effect secondary to reduced hepatic glucose release. Asprosin represents a glucogenic protein hormone, and therapeutically targeting it may be beneficial in type II diabetes and metabolic syndrome.

Published
2016

5. DVL3 Alleles Resulting in a −1 Frameshift of the Last Exon Mediate Autosomal-Dominant Robinow Syndrome

Author

White, Janson J, Mazzeu, Juliana F, Hoischen, Alexander, Bayram, Yavuz, Withers, Marjorie, Gezdirici, Alper, Kimonis, Virginia, Steehouwer, Marloes, Jhangiani, Shalini N, Muzny, Donna M, Gibbs, Richard A, Genomics, Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian, van Bon, Bregje WM, Sutton, V Reid, Lupski, James R, Brunner, Han G, and Carvalho, Claudia MB

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Genetics, Rare Diseases, Congenital Structural Anomalies, Clinical Research, Pediatric, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Congenital, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Alleles, Base Sequence, Codon, Nonsense, Craniofacial Abnormalities, Dishevelled Proteins, Dwarfism, Exons, Female, Frameshift Mutation, Genetic Variation, Humans, Limb Deformities, Congenital, Male, Molecular Sequence Data, Phosphoproteins, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-like Orphan Receptors, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Sequence Deletion, Urogenital Abnormalities, Wnt Proteins, Wnt-5a Protein, Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics, Medical and Health Sciences, Genetics & Heredity, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

Robinow syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by mesomelic limb shortening, genital hypoplasia, and distinctive facial features. Recent reports have identified, in individuals with dominant Robinow syndrome, a specific type of variant characterized by being uniformly located in the penultimate exon of DVL1 and resulting in a -1 frameshift allele with a premature termination codon that escapes nonsense-mediated decay. Here, we studied a cohort of individuals who had been clinically diagnosed with Robinow syndrome but who had not received a molecular diagnosis from variant studies of DVL1, WNT5A, and ROR2. Because of the uniform location of frameshift variants in DVL1-mediated Robinow syndrome and the functional redundancy of DVL1, DVL2, and DVL3, we elected to pursue direct Sanger sequencing of the penultimate exon of DVL1 and its paralogs DVL2 and DVL3 to search for potential disease-associated variants. Remarkably, targeted sequencing identified five unrelated individuals harboring heterozygous, de novo frameshift variants in DVL3, including two splice acceptor mutations and three 1 bp deletions. Similar to the variants observed in DVL1-mediated Robinow syndrome, all variants in DVL3 result in a -1 frameshift, indicating that these highly specific alterations might be a common cause of dominant Robinow syndrome. Here, we review the current knowledge of these peculiar variant alleles in DVL1- and DVL3-mediated Robinow syndrome and further elucidate the phenotypic features present in subjects with DVL1 and DVL3 frameshift mutations.

Published
2016

6. DVL3 Alleles Resulting in a -1 Frameshift of the Last Exon Mediate Autosomal-Dominant Robinow Syndrome.

Author

White, Janson J, Mazzeu, Juliana F, Hoischen, Alexander, Bayram, Yavuz, Withers, Marjorie, Gezdirici, Alper, Kimonis, Virginia, Steehouwer, Marloes, Jhangiani, Shalini N, Muzny, Donna M, Gibbs, Richard A, Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics, van Bon, Bregje WM, Sutton, V Reid, Lupski, James R, Brunner, Han G, and Carvalho, Claudia MB

Subjects
Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics, Humans, Dwarfism, Craniofacial Abnormalities, Limb Deformities, Congenital, Urogenital Abnormalities, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Phosphoproteins, Codon, Nonsense, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Sequence Deletion, Base Sequence, Frameshift Mutation, Alleles, Exons, Molecular Sequence Data, Female, Male, Wnt Proteins, Genetic Variation, Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-like Orphan Receptors, Wnt-5a Protein, Dishevelled Proteins, Rare Diseases, Congenital Structural Anomalies, Clinical Research, Pediatric, Genetics, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Congenital, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Genetics & Heredity
Abstract

Robinow syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by mesomelic limb shortening, genital hypoplasia, and distinctive facial features. Recent reports have identified, in individuals with dominant Robinow syndrome, a specific type of variant characterized by being uniformly located in the penultimate exon of DVL1 and resulting in a -1 frameshift allele with a premature termination codon that escapes nonsense-mediated decay. Here, we studied a cohort of individuals who had been clinically diagnosed with Robinow syndrome but who had not received a molecular diagnosis from variant studies of DVL1, WNT5A, and ROR2. Because of the uniform location of frameshift variants in DVL1-mediated Robinow syndrome and the functional redundancy of DVL1, DVL2, and DVL3, we elected to pursue direct Sanger sequencing of the penultimate exon of DVL1 and its paralogs DVL2 and DVL3 to search for potential disease-associated variants. Remarkably, targeted sequencing identified five unrelated individuals harboring heterozygous, de novo frameshift variants in DVL3, including two splice acceptor mutations and three 1 bp deletions. Similar to the variants observed in DVL1-mediated Robinow syndrome, all variants in DVL3 result in a -1 frameshift, indicating that these highly specific alterations might be a common cause of dominant Robinow syndrome. Here, we review the current knowledge of these peculiar variant alleles in DVL1- and DVL3-mediated Robinow syndrome and further elucidate the phenotypic features present in subjects with DVL1 and DVL3 frameshift mutations.

Published
2016

7. Safety and physiological effects of two different doses of elosulfase alfa in patients with morquio a syndrome: A randomized, double‐blind, pilot study

Author

Burton, Barbara K, Berger, Kenneth I, Lewis, Gregory D, Tarnopolsky, Mark, Treadwell, Marsha, Mitchell, John J, Muschol, Nicole, Jones, Simon A, Sutton, V Reid, Pastores, Gregory M, Lau, Heather, Sparkes, Rebecca, Genter, Fred, Shaywitz, Adam J, and Harmatz, Paul

Subjects
Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular, Physical Activity, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Pain Research, Clinical Research, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Chondroitinsulfatases, Double-Blind Method, Drug Administration Schedule, Enzyme Replacement Therapy, Exercise Test, Female, Heart Function Tests, Humans, Keratan Sulfate, Male, Mucopolysaccharidosis IV, Muscle Strength, Patient Safety, Pilot Projects, Recombinant Proteins, Respiratory Function Tests, Treatment Outcome, Walking, mucopolysaccharidosis IV, cardiopulmonary exercise test, safety, respiratory function tests, muscle strength, physical endurance, GALNS protein, human [supplementary concept], enzyme replacement therapy, Genetics, Clinical sciences
Abstract

The primary treatment outcomes of a phase 2, randomized, double-blind, pilot study evaluating safety, physiological, and pharmacological effects of elosulfase alfa in patients with Morquio A syndrome are herewith presented. Patients aged ≥7 years and able to walk ≥200 m in the 6-min walk test (6MWT) were randomized to elosulfase alfa 2.0 or 4.0 mg/kg/week for 27 weeks. The primary objective was to evaluate the safety of both doses. Secondary objectives were to evaluate effects on endurance (6MWT and 3-min stair climb test [3MSCT]), exercise capacity (cardio-pulmonary exercise test [CPET]), respiratory function, muscle strength, cardiac function, pain, and urine keratan sulfate (uKS) levels, and to determine pharmacokinetic parameters. Twenty-five patients were enrolled (15 randomized to 2.0 mg/kg/week and 10 to 4.0 mg/kg/week). No new or unexpected safety signals were observed. After 24 weeks, there were no improvements versus baseline in the 6MWT, yet numerical improvements were seen in the 3MSCT with 4.0 mg/kg/week. uKS and pharmacokinetic data suggested no linear relationship over the 2.0-4.0 mg/kg dose range. Overall, an abnormal exercise capacity (evaluated in 10 and 5 patients in the 2.0 and 4.0 mg/kg/week groups, respectively), impaired muscle strength, and considerable pain were observed at baseline, and there were trends towards improvements in all domains after treatment. In conclusion, preliminary data of this small study in a Morquio A population with relatively good endurance confirmed the acceptable safety profile of elosulfase alfa and showed a trend of increased exercise capacity and muscle strength and decreased pain.

Published
2015

8. TBX6 null variants and a common hypomorphic allele in congenital scoliosis.

Author

Shen, J, Chen, Y, Zhang, T, Zhang, J, Choy, K, Wang, J, Wang, Q, Li, S, Zhou, W, Guo, J, Wang, Y, Zhang, C, Zhao, Hong, An, Yu, Zhao, Yu, Liu, Z, Zuo, Y, Tian, Y, Weng, X, Sutton, V, Wang, H, Ming, Y, Kulkarni, S, Zhong, T, Giampietro, P, Dunwoodie, S, Cheung, S, Zhang, X, Jin, L, Lupski, J, Qiu, G, Zhang, F, Wu, N, Ming, X, Xiao, J, Wu, Z, Chen, X, Shinawi, M, Shen, Y, Yu, G, Liu, J, Xie, H, Gucev, Z, Liu, S, Yang, N, Al-Kateb, H, Chen, J, Hauser, N, Tasic, V, Liu, P, Su, X, Pan, X, Liu, C, Wang, L, and Shen, Joseph

Subjects
Adolescent, Asian People, Child, Child, Preschool, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16, DNA Copy Number Variations, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genotype, Humans, Male, Mutation, Pedigree, Phenotype, Radiography, Scoliosis, Sequence Deletion, Spine, T-Box Domain Proteins
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Congenital scoliosis is a common type of vertebral malformation. Genetic susceptibility has been implicated in congenital scoliosis. METHODS: We evaluated 161 Han Chinese persons with sporadic congenital scoliosis, 166 Han Chinese controls, and 2 pedigrees, family members of which had a 16p11.2 deletion, using comparative genomic hybridization, quantitative polymerase-chain-reaction analysis, and DNA sequencing. We carried out tests of replication using an additional series of 76 Han Chinese persons with congenital scoliosis and a multicenter series of 42 persons with 16p11.2 deletions. RESULTS: We identified a total of 17 heterozygous TBX6 null mutations in the 161 persons with sporadic congenital scoliosis (11%); we did not observe any null mutations in TBX6 in 166 controls (P

Published
2015

9. Malocclusion traits and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in children with Osteogenesis Imperfecta (cross-sectional study)

Author

Najirad, Mohammadamin, Madathil, Sreenath Arekunnath, Rauch, Frank, Sutton, V. Reid, Lee, Brendan, Retrouvey, Jean-Marc, and Esfandiari, Shahrokh

Subjects
Cross-Sectional Studies, Adolescent, Surveys and Questionnaires, Quality of Life, Humans, Oral Health, Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Child, Article, Malocclusion
Abstract

The incidence of malocclusion is higher among people with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) than the general population, and treatment options are limited due to the weak structure of bones and teeth. Focusing on those malocclusion traits that might have a high impact on a patient's oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is warranted.A total of 138 children and adolescents with OI were examined for malocclusion traits. OHRQoL was measured using age-specific versions (8 through 10 years and 11 through 14 years) of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ), considering the following domains: oral symptoms, functional limitation, emotional well-being, and social well-being. Higher scores implied worse OHRQoL. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression was used to estimate the association between malocclusion traits and OHRQoL.Among children aged 8 through 10 years (n = 56), the CPQ and its constituent domain scores were relatively similar between those with malocclusion (higher scores) and those without. In the adolescent (n = 82) group aged 11 through 14 years; however, those with posterior crossbite (odds ratio, 5.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.40 to 12.41) or open bite (odds ratio, 3.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.21 to 10.23) experienced statistically significantly higher degrees of functional limitations (a higher functional limitation score) than those without.Adolescents with OI and posterior open bites or crossbites have substantial self-reported functional limitations and worse oral symptoms, which warrants additional investigation and therapeutic trials in an attempt to improve the malocclusion. In addition, the authors found that the CPQ can be a useful tool in a clinical trial of orthodontic interventions in OI.

Published
2020

10. Prevalence and architecture of de novo mutations in developmental disorders

Author

McRae, JF, Clayton, S, Fitzgerald, TW, Kaplanis, J, Prigmore, E, Rajan, D, Sifrim, A, Aitken, S, Akawi, N, Alvi, M, Ambridge, K, Barrett, DM, Bayzetinova, T, Jones, P, Jones, WD, King, D, Krishnappa, N, Mason, LE, Singh, T, Tivey, AR, Ahmed, M, Anjum, U, Archer, H, Armstrong, R, Awada, J, Balasubramanian, M, Banka, S, Baralle, D, Barnicoat, A, Batstone, P, Baty, D, Bennett, C, Berg, J, Bernhard, B, Bevan, AP, Bitner-Glindzicz, M, Blair, E, Blyth, M, Bohanna, D, Bourdon, L, Bourn, D, Bradley, L, Brady, A, Brent, S, Brewer, C, Brunstrom, K, Bunyan, DJ, Burn, J, Canham, N, Castle, B, Chandler, K, Chatzimichali, E, Cilliers, D, Clarke, A, Clasper, S, Clayton-Smith, J, Clowes, V, Coates, A, Cole, T, Colgiu, I, Collins, A, Collinson, MN, Connell, F, Cooper, N, Cox, H, Cresswell, L, Cross, G, Crow, Y, D’Alessandro, M, Dabir, T, Davidson, R, Davies, S, de Vries, D, Dean, J, Deshpande, C, Devlin, G, Dixit, A, Dobbie, A, Donaldson, A, Donnai, D, Donnelly, D, Donnelly, C, Douglas, A, Douzgou, S, Duncan, A, Eason, J, Ellard, S, Ellis, I, Elmslie, F, Evans, K, Everest, S, Fendick, T, Fisher, R, Flinter, F, Foulds, N, Fry, A, Fryer, A, Gardiner, C, Gaunt, L, Ghali, N, Gibbons, R, Gill, H, Goodship, J, Goudie, D, Gray, E, Green, A, Greene, P, Greenhalgh, L, Gribble, S, Harrison, R, Harrison, L, Harrison, V, Hawkins, R, He, L, Hellens, S, Henderson, A, Hewitt, S, Hildyard, L, Hobson, E, Holden, S, Holder, M, Holder, S, Hollingsworth, G, Homfray, T, Humphreys, M, Hurst, J, Hutton, B, Ingram, S, Irving, M, Islam, L, Jackson, A, Jarvis, J, Jenkins, L, Johnson, D, Jones, E, Josifova, D, Joss, S, Kaemba, B, Kazembe, S, Kelsell, R, Kerr, B, Kingston, H, Kini, U, Kinning, E, Kirby, G, Kirk, C, Kivuva, E, Kraus, A, Kumar, D, Kumar, VKA, Lachlan, K, Lam, W, Lampe, A, Langman, C, Lees, M, Lim, D, Longman, C, Lowther, G, Lynch, SA, Magee, A, Maher, E, Male, A, Mansour, S, Marks, K, Martin, K, Maye, U, McCann, E, McConnell, V, McEntagart, M, McGowan, R, McKay, K, McKee, S, McMullan, DJ, McNerlan, S, McWilliam, C, Mehta, S, Metcalfe, K, Middleton, A, Miedzybrodzka, Z, Miles, E, Mohammed, S, Montgomery, T, Moore, D, Morgan, S, Morton, J, Mugalaasi, H, Murday, V, Murphy, H, Naik, S, Nemeth, A, Nevitt, L, Newbury-Ecob, R, Norman, A, O’Shea, R, Ogilvie, C, Ong, K-R, Park, S-M, Parker, MJ, Patel, C, Paterson, J, Payne, S, Perrett, D, Phipps, J, Pilz, DT, Pollard, M, Pottinger, C, Poulton, J, Pratt, N, Prescott, K, Price, S, Pridham, A, Procter, A, Purnell, H, Quarrell, O, Ragge, N, Rahbari, R, Randall, J, Rankin, J, Raymond, L, Rice, D, Robert, L, Roberts, E, Roberts, J, Roberts, P, Roberts, G, Ross, A, Rosser, E, Saggar, A, Samant, S, Sampson, J, Sandford, R, Sarkar, A, Schweiger, S, Scott, R, Scurr, I, Selby, A, Seller, A, Sequeira, C, Shannon, N, Sharif, S, Shaw-Smith, C, Shearing, E, Shears, D, Sheridan, E, Simonic, I, Singzon, R, Skitt, Z, Smith, A, Smith, K, Smithson, S, Sneddon, L, Splitt, M, Squires, M, Stewart, F, Stewart, H, Straub, V, Suri, M, Sutton, V, Swaminathan, GJ, Sweeney, E, Tatton-Brown, K, Taylor, C, Taylor, R, Tein, M, Temple, IK, Thomson, J, Tischkowitz, M, Tomkins, S, Torokwa, A, Treacy, B, Turner, C, Turnpenny, P, Tysoe, C, Vandersteen, A, Varghese, V, Vasudevan, P, Vijayarangakannan, P, Vogt, J, Wakeling, E, Wallwark, S, Waters, J, Weber, A, Wellesley, D, Whiteford, M, Widaa, S, Wilcox, S, Wilkinson, E, Williams, D, Williams, N, Wilson, L, Woods, G, Wragg, C, Wright, M, Yates, L, Yau, M, Nellåker, C, Parker, M, Firth, HV, Wright, CF, FitzPatrick, DR, Barrett, JC, and Hurles, ME

Subjects
Male, Parents, Heredity, Developmental Disabilities, GRIN2B, POGZ, Autoantigens, SMAD4, CASK, GATAD2B, 0302 clinical medicine, TRIO, SMARCA2, KCNH1, Average Faces, CTNNB1, SCN1A, Young adult, Casein Kinase II, Child, AUTS2, MEF2C, Exome, ADNP, Exome sequencing, EP300, KCNQ2, KCNQ3, EHMT1, CNKSR2, CREBBP, MYT1L, MED13L, CSNK2A1, Protein Phosphatase 2C, PPP2R1A, ZBTB18, CDKL5, WAC, HNRNPU, Cohort, STXBP1, Medical genetics, SYNGAP1, Mi-2 Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase Complex, Sex characteristics, AHDC1, SCN8A, medicine.medical_specialty, SLC6A1, FOXP1, USP9X, Article, ANKRD11, PUF60, BRAF, 03 medical and health sciences, SATB2, SMC1A, Intellectual Disability, BCL11A, GABRB3, IQSEC2, Humans, TBL1XR1, TCF4, MSL3, TCF20, DNM1, EEF1A2, SUV420H1, DYRK1A, SETD5, COL4A3BP, CTCF, CHD2, R1, CHD4, 030104 developmental biology, NAA10, HDAC8, Mutation, KDM5B, CHAMP1, PhenIcons, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Transcription Factors, 0301 basic medicine, ZMYND11, PTEN, De novo mutation, Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone, PTPN11, ASXL1, Bioinformatics, medicine.disease_cause, ASXL3, Cohort Studies, DEAD-box RNA Helicases, CHD8, Prevalence, QRICH1, KIF1A, Genetics, Sex Characteristics, GNAI1, Multidisciplinary, WDR45, Middle Aged, KMT2A, PPM1D, MECP2, DNA-Binding Proteins, PPP2R5D, Phenotype, PACS1, ras GTPase-Activating Proteins, DDX3X, Female, FOXG1, SET, Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein, Developmental Disease, Adult, KANSL1, Adolescent, NFIX, Nerve Tissue Proteins, PURA, Biology, KAT6B, KAT6A, NSD1, PDHA1, ALG13, Young Adult, Seizures, CDC2 Protein Kinase, medicine, Journal Article, QH426, Homeodomain Proteins, ITPR1, DYNC1H1, GNAO1, Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase, Sequence Analysis, DNA, ZC4H2, ARID1B, Repressor Proteins, CNOT3, SCN2A, SLC35A2, CDK13
Abstract

Children with severe, undiagnosed developmental disorders (DDs) are enriched for damaging de novo mutations (DNMs) in developmentally important genes. We exome sequenced 4,294 families with children with DDs, and meta-analysed these data with published data on 3,287 children with similar disorders. We show that the most significant factors influencing the diagnostic yield of de novo mutations are the sex of the child, the relatedness of their parents and the age of both father and mother. We identified 95 genes enriched for damaging de novo mutation at genome-wide significance (P < 5 x 10-7), including fourteen genes for which compelling data for causation was previously lacking. The large number of genome-wide significant findings allow us to demonstrate that, at current cost differentials, exome sequencing has much greater power than genome sequencing for novel gene discovery in genetically heterogeneous disorders. We estimate that 42.5% of our cohort likely carry pathogenic de novo single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and indels in coding sequences, with approximately half operating by a loss-of-function mechanism, and the remainder being gain-of-function. We established that most haploinsufficient developmental disorders have already been identified, but that many gain-of-function disorders remain to be discovered. Extrapolating from the DDD cohort to the general population, we estimate that de novo dominant developmental disorders have an average birth prevalence of 1 in 168 to 1 in 377, depending on parental age.

Published
2017
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11. Large-scale discovery of novel genetic causes of developmental disorders

Author

Fitzgerald, T.W., Gerety, S.S., Jones, W.D., van Kogelenberg, M., King, D.A., McRae, J., Morley, K.I., Parthiban, V., Al-Turki, S., Ambridge, K., Barrett, D.M., Bayzetinova, T., Clayton, S., Coomber, E.L., Gribble, S., Jones, P., Krishnappa, N., Mason, L.E., Middleton, A., Miller, R., Prigmore, E., Rajan, D., Sifrim, A., Tivey, A.R., Ahmed, M., Akawi, N., Andrews, R., Anjum, U., Archer, H., Armstrong, R., Balasubramanian, M., Banerjee, R., Baralle, D., Batstone, P., Baty, D., Bennett, C., Berg, J., Bernhard, B., Bevan, A.P., Blair, E., Blyth, M., Bohanna, D., Bourdon, L., Bourn, D., Brady, A., Bragin, E., Brewer, C., Brueton, L., Brunstrom, K., Bumpstead, S.J., Bunyan, D.J., Burn, J., Burton, J., Canham, N., Castle, B., Chandler, K., Clasper, S., Clayton-Smith, J., Cole, T., Collins, A., Collinson, M.N., Connell, F., Cooper, N., Cox, H., Cresswell, L., Cross, G., Crow, Y., D'Alessandro, M., Dabir, T., Davidson, R., Davies, S., Dean, J., Deshpande, C., Devlin, G., Dixit, A., Dominiczak, A., Donnelly, C., Donnelly, D., Douglas, A., Duncan, A., Eason, J., Edkins, S., Ellard, S., Ellis, P., Elmslie, F., Evans, K., Everest, S., Fendick, T., Fisher, R., Flinter, F., Foulds, N., Fryer, A., Fu, B., Gardiner, C., Gaunt, L., Ghali, N., Gibbons, R., Pereira, S.L.G., Goodship, J., Goudie, D., Gray, E., Greene, P., Greenhalgh, L., Harrison, L., Hawkins, R., Hellens, S., Henderson, A., Hobson, E., Holden, S., Holder, S., Hollingsworth, G., Homfray, T., Humphreys, M., Hurst, J., Ingram, S., Irving, M., Jarvis, J., Jenkins, L., Johnson, D., Jones, D., Jones, E., Josifova, D., Joss, S., Kaemba, B., Kazembe, S., Kerr, B., Kini, U., Kinning, E., Kirby, G., Kirk, C., Kivuva, E., Kraus, A., Kumar, D., Lachlan, K., Lam, W., Lampe, A., Langman, C., Lees, M., Lim, D., Lowther, G., Lynch, S.A., Magee, A., Maher, E., Mansour, S., Marks, K., Martin, K., Maye, U., McCann, E., McConnell, V., McEntagart, M., McGowan, R., McKay, K., McKee, S., McMullan, D.J., McNerlan, S., Mehta, S., Metcalfe, K., Miles, E., Mohammed, S., Montgomery, T., Moore, D., Morgan, S., Morris, A., Morton, J., Mugalaasi, H., Murday, V., Nevitt, L., Newbury-Ecob, R., Norman, A., O'Shea, R., Ogilvie, C., Park, S., Parker, M.J., Patel, C., Paterson, J., Payne, S., Phipps, J., Pilz, D.T., Porteous, D., Pratt, N., Prescott, K., Price, S., Pridham, A., Procter, A., Purnell, H., Ragge, N., Rankin, J., Raymond, L., Rice, D., Robert, L., Roberts, E., Roberts, G., Roberts, J., Roberts, P., Ross, A., Rosser, E., Saggar, A., Samant, S., Sandford, R., Sarkar, A., Schweier, S., Scott, C., Scott, R., Selby, A., Seller, A., Sequeira, C., Shannon, N., Shanrif, S., Shaw-Smith, C., Shearing, E., Shears, D., Simonic, I., Simpkin, D., Singzon, R., Skitt, Z., Smith, A., Smith, B., Smith, K., Smithson, S., Sneddon, L., Splitt, M., Squires, M., Stewart, F., Stewart, H., Suri, M., Sutton, V., Swaminathan, G.J., Sweeney, E., Tatton-Brown, K., Taylor, C., Taylor, R., Tein, M., Temple, I.K., Thomson, J., Tolmie, J., Torokwa, A., Treacy, B., Turner, C., Turnpenny, P., Tysoe, C., Vandersteen, A., Vasudevan, P., Vogt, J., Wakeling, E., Walker, D., Waters, J., Weber, A., Wellesley, D., Whiteford, M., Widaa, S., Wilcox, S., Williams, D., Williams, N., Woods, G., Wragg, C., Wright, M., Yang, F., Yau, M., Carter, N.P., Parker, M., Firth, H.V., FitzPatrick, D.R., Wright, C.F., Barrett, J.C., Hurles, M.E., and The Deciphering Developmental Disorders Study, .

Subjects
Male, Parents, Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone, Developmental Disabilities, Transposases, SYNGAP1, medicine.disease_cause, Bioinformatics, DEAD-box RNA Helicases, 0302 clinical medicine, Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors, Missense mutation, Exome, Protein Phosphatase 2, Child, Dynamin I, Zebrafish, Exome sequencing, Genes, Dominant, Polycomb Repressive Complex 1, 0303 health sciences, Mutation, Multidisciplinary, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Nuclear Proteins, DNA-Binding Proteins, Child, Preschool, Female, Adolescent, Mutation, Missense, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Rare Diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, 030304 developmental biology, Chromosome Aberrations, Homeodomain Proteins, Genome, Human, Mechanism (biology), Infant, Newborn, Infant, Phosphoproteins, United Kingdom, Human genetics, Repressor Proteins, Human genome, Carrier Proteins, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Transcription Factors
Abstract

Despite three decades of successful, predominantly phenotype-driven discovery of the genetic causes of monogenic disorders1, up to half of children with severe developmental disorders of probable genetic origin remain without a genetic diagnosis. Particularly challenging are those disorders rare enough to have eluded recognition as a discrete clinical entity, those with highly variable clinical manifestations, and those that are difficult to distinguish from other, very similar, disorders. Here we demonstrate the power of using an unbiased genotype-driven approach2 to identify subsets of patients with similar disorders. By studying 1,133 children with severe, undiagnosed developmental disorders, and their parents, using a combination of exome sequencing3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 and array-based detection of chromosomal rearrangements, we discovered 12 novel genes associated with developmental disorders. These newly implicated genes increase by 10% (from 28% to 31%) the proportion of children that could be diagnosed. Clustering of missense mutations in six of these newly implicated genes suggests that normal development is being perturbed by an activating or dominant-negative mechanism. Our findings demonstrate the value of adopting a comprehensive strategy, both genome-wide and nationwide, to elucidate the underlying causes of rare genetic disorders.

Published
2015

12. The Right to Ignore Genetic Risk in the Genomic Era - Prenatal testing for Huntington Disease as a paradigm

Author

Erez, Ayelet, Plunkett, Katie, Sutton, V. Reid, and McGuire, Amy L

Subjects
Adult, Health Status, Decision Making, Guidelines as Topic, Genomics, humanities, Article, Ethics, Professional, Huntington Disease, Patient Rights, Risk Factors, Prenatal Diagnosis, Humans, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Age of Onset
Abstract

During the last decade, the field of human genome research has gone through a phase of rapid discovery that has provided scientists and physicians with a wide variety of research tools that are applicable to important medical issues. We describe a true case of familial Huntington disease (HD) in which we modified personal details to protect patient's privacy, where the proband at risk preferred not to know his disease status but wanted to know the status in his unborn child. Once we found the father to be negative, the case raised an important ethical question regarding the management of this as well as future pregnancies. This article discusses the arguments for and against the right not to know of one's carrier status, as well as professional obligations in the context of withholding unwanted information that may have direct implications not only for the patient himself but also for other family members. HD has served as a model for many other adult onset genetic diseases in terms of carrier testing guidelines. Hence, we feel it is time to revisit the issue of prenatal testing for HD and consider updating the current recommendations regarding the patient's right to "genetic ignorance", or the right not to know genetic information.

Published
2010

13. Paralog Studies Augment Gene Discovery: DDX and DHX Genes

Author

Ekkehard Wilichowski, Richard A. Gibbs, Fernando Kok, Gholson J. Lyon, Gerarda Cappuccio, René Santer, Ignatia B. Van den Veyver, Friedhelm Hildebrandt, Christopher M. Grochowski, Janson White, Nicola Brunetti-Pierri, Dilek Aktas, Ender Karaca, Joao Paulo Kitajima, Reid J. Robison, Sevcan Tug Bozdogan, V. Reid Sutton, Kai Wang, Davor Lessel, Michael J. Bamshad, Shalini N. Jhangiani, Michael O. Dorschner, Ian A. Glass, Donna M. Muzny, Mehmet Alikasifoglu, Robert Kleyner, Margaret Yoon, Jessika Johannsen, Hadas Ityel, James R. Lupski, Tatjana Bierhals, Hatip Aydin, Lucia Ortega, Hilde Van Esch, Bibiana K Y Wong, Ingrid S. Paine, Adriano Magli, Mir Reza Bekheirnia, Ariel Brautbar, Maja Hempel, Wai Lan Yeung, Zeynep Coban Akdemir, Saskia B. Wortmann, Taylor Marmorale, Jennifer E. Posey, Yavuz Bayram, Fabíola Paoli Monteiro, Michele Pinelli, Sarah Rosenheck, Erasmo Barbante Casella, Joannie Hui, Paine, I., Posey, J. E., Grochowski, C. M., Jhangiani, S. N., Rosenheck, S., Kleyner, R., Marmorale, T., Yoon, M., Wang, K., Robison, R., Cappuccio, G., Pinelli, M., Magli, A., Coban Akdemir, Z., Hui, J., Yeung, W. L., Wong, B. K. Y., ORTEGA DE LUNA, Ernesto, Bekheirnia, M. R., Bierhals, T., Hempel, M., Johannsen, J., Santer, R., Aktas, D., Alikasifoglu, M., Bozdogan, S., Aydin, H., Karaca, E., Bayram, Y., Ityel, H., Dorschner, M., White, J. J., Wilichowski, E., Wortmann, S. B., Casella, E. B., Kitajima, J. P., Kok, F., Monteiro, F., Muzny, D. M., Bamshad, M., Gibbs, R. A., Sutton, V. R., Van Esch, H., Brunetti-Pierri, N., Hildebrandt, F., Brautbar, A., Van den Veyver, I. B., Glass, I., Lessel, D., Lyon, G. J., Lupski, J. R., and Çukurova Üniversitesi

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Identification, Mutation, Missense, Common-Cause, Paralogous Gene, Biology, Article, DEAD-box RNA Helicases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Intellectual Disability, Exome Sequencing, Genetics, human paralog, Nmd, Missense mutation, Humans, Gene, Genetics (clinical), Exome sequencing, Genetic Association Studies, Protein, Mutants, Variants, Infant, Newborn, Helicase, Infant, developmental delay, DExD/H-box RNA helicase family, human paralogs, intellectual disability, Phenotype, RNA Helicase A, De-Novo, 3. Good health, Neoplasm Proteins, Pedigree, 030104 developmental biology, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, biology.protein, Developmental Delay, Dexd/h-box Rna Helicase Family, Human Paralogs, Female, DDX3X, Mutations, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, RNA Helicases
Abstract

Members of a paralogous gene family in which variation in one gene is known to cause disease are eight times more likely to also be associated with human disease. Recent studies have elucidated DHX30 and DDX3X as genes for which pathogenic variant alleles are involved in neurodevelopmental disorders. We hypothesized that variants in paralogous genes encoding members of the DExD/H-box RNA helicase superfamily might also underlie developmental delay and/or intellectual disability (DD and/or ID) disease phenotypes. Here we describe 15 unrelated individuals who have DD and/or ID, central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction, vertebral anomalies, and dysmorphic features and were found to have probably damaging variants in DExD/H-box RNA helicase genes. In addition, these individuals exhibit a variety of other tissue and organ system involvement including ocular, outer ear, hearing, cardiac, and kidney tissues. Five individuals with homozygous (one), compound-heterozygous (two), or de novo (two) missense variants in DHX37 were identified by exome sequencing. We identified ten total individuals with missense variants in three other DDX/DHX paralogs: DHX16 (four individuals), DDX54 (three individuals), and DHX34 (three individuals). Most identified variants are rare, predicted to be damaging, and occur at conserved amino acid residues. Taken together, these 15 individuals implicate the DExD/H-box helicases in both dominantly and recessively inherited neurodevelopmental phenotypes and highlight the potential for more than one disease mechanism underlying these disorders. National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)United States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) [UM1 HG006542, UM1 HG006493]; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)United States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Heart Lung & Blood Institute (NHLBI); University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics [R01 NS058529, R35 NS105078]; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)United States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS); NHGRIUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) [K08 HG008986]; Telethon Undiagnosed Diseases Program [GSP15001]; Telethon FoundationFondazione Telethon; Aicardi Syndrome Foundation [2T32NS043124-16]; National Institutes of HealthUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)United States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) [DK088767]; Werner Otto Stiftung [K12 DK083014]; German Research Foundation (DFG)German Research Foundation (DFG) [LE 4223/1]; Common Fund of the Office of the Director of the National Institutes of Health; National Cancer Institute, NHGRI; NHLBIUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Heart Lung & Blood Institute (NHLBI); National Institute on Drug AbuseUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)European Commission; National Institute of Mental HealthUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); NINDSUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS); NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME RESEARCH INSTITUTEUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) [K08HG008986, UM1HG006542] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER; NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCESUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) [T32GM008307] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER; NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKEUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS) [R35NS105078] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER This work was supported in part by grants UM1 HG006542 (J.R.L) and UM1 HG006493 (M.B.) from the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) to the Baylor Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics and the University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, R01 NS058529 and R35 NS105078(J.R.L.) from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), U54-HG003273 (R.A.G.) from NHGRI, and Telethon Undiagnosed Diseases Program (TUDP) GSP15001 (N.B.-P.) from the Telethon Foundation, and also by the Aicardi Syndrome Foundation. I.P. was supported by 2T32NS043124-16 through the National Institutes of Health. J.E.P. was supported by NHGRI K08 HG008986. F.H. was supported by the National Institutes of Health (DK088767). M.R.B. was supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) K12 DK083014. D.L was supported by the Werner Otto Stiftung and the German Research Foundation (DFG; LE 4223/1). The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) Project was supported by the Common Fund of the Office of the Director of the National Institutes of Health, and by the National Cancer Institute, NHGRI, NHLBI, the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the National Institute of Mental Health, and NINDS. The data used for the analyses described in this manuscript were obtained from the GTEx Portal on 10/29/18. The authors would like to thank Hans-Jurgen Kreienkamp for the help in identifying helicase core motifs and the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) and the groups that provided exome and genome variant data to this resource. A full list of contributing groups can be found at https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/about.

Published
2019

14. COPB2 loss of function causes a coatopathy with osteoporosis and developmental delay

Author

Shan Chen, Yi-Chien Lee, Bernardo Blanco-Sánchez, Nitesh R. Mehta, Xiaohui Li, Brendan Lee, Catherine DeVile, Jill A. Rosenfeld, Daryl A. Scott, Ming-Ming Jiang, V. Reid Sutton, I-Wen Song, Kyu Sang Joeng, Rossella Venditti, Yuqing Chen, Richard A. Gibbs, John Hicks, Alistair Calder, Ghayda Mirzaa, David R. Murdock, Jeremy Wegner, Gladys Zapata, Tashunka Taylor-Miller, David R. Eyre, Aurélie Clément, Brian Dawson, Joseph M. Sliepka, Jason D. Heaney, Marwan Shinawi, Shalini N. Jhangiani, Donna M. Muzny, Dominyka Batkovskyte, Lisa Emrick, John R. Seavitt, Ronit Marom, Brenna A. Tremp, Maria Antonietta De Matteis, Zixue Jin, Lindsay C. Burrage, Denise G. Lanza, Monte Westerfield, Jeremy Allgrove, Rolf W. Stottmann, Jennifer B. Phillips, Rowenna Roberts, Abbey A. Scott, Neil A. Hanchard, Mahim Jain, Megan Washington, Alyssa A. Tran, Mary E. Dickinson, Ingo Grafe, MaryAnn Weis, Marom, R., Burrage, L. C., Venditti, R., Clement, A., Blanco-Sanchez, B., Jain, M., Scott, D. A., Rosenfeld, J. A., Sutton, V. R., Shinawi, M., Mirzaa, G., Devile, C., Roberts, R., Calder, A. D., Allgrove, J., Grafe, I., Lanza, D. G., Li, X., Joeng, K. S., Lee, Y. -C., Song, I. -W., Sliepka, J. M., Batkovskyte, D., Washington, M., Dawson, B. C., Jin, Z., Jiang, M. -M., Chen, S., Chen, Y., Tran, A. A., Emrick, L. T., Murdock, D. R., Hanchard, N. A., Zapata, G. E., Mehta, N. R., Weis, M. A., Scott, A. A., Tremp, B. A., Phillips, J. B., Wegner, J., Taylor-Miller, T., Gibbs, R. A., Muzny, D. M., Jhangiani, S. N., Hicks, J., Stottmann, R. W., Dickinson, M. E., Seavitt, J. R., Heaney, J. D., Eyre, D. R., Westerfield, M., De Matteis, M. A., and Lee, B.

Subjects
Male, Embryo, Nonmammalian, Developmental Disabilities, Golgi Apparatus, Ascorbic Acid, Haploinsufficiency, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Coatomer Protein, Severity of Illness Index, Bone and Bones, Collagen Type I, Article, Coat Protein Complex I, Mice, symbols.namesake, Intellectual Disability, Genetics, Animals, Humans, COPI complex, RNA, Small Interfering, Child, Zebrafish, Genetics (clinical), Chemistry, Endoplasmic reticulum, collagen trafficking, Brain, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, COPB2, juvenile osteoporosis, COPI, Fibroblasts, Golgi apparatus, Ascorbic acid, Cell biology, Coatomer, Child, Preschool, Unfolded protein response, symbols, Osteoporosis, coatopathy, Female, Type I collagen
Abstract

Summary Coatomer complexes function in the sorting and trafficking of proteins between subcellular organelles. Pathogenic variants in coatomer subunits or associated factors have been reported in multi-systemic disorders, i.e., coatopathies, that can affect the skeletal and central nervous systems. We have identified loss-of-function variants in COPB2, a component of the coatomer complex I (COPI), in individuals presenting with osteoporosis, fractures, and developmental delay of variable severity. Electron microscopy of COPB2-deficient subjects’ fibroblasts showed dilated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with granular material, prominent rough ER, and vacuoles, consistent with an intracellular trafficking defect. We studied the effect of COPB2 deficiency on collagen trafficking because of the critical role of collagen secretion in bone biology. COPB2 siRNA-treated fibroblasts showed delayed collagen secretion with retention of type I collagen in the ER and Golgi and altered distribution of Golgi markers. copb2-null zebrafish embryos showed retention of type II collagen, disorganization of the ER and Golgi, and early larval lethality. Copb2+/− mice exhibited low bone mass, and consistent with the findings in human cells and zebrafish, studies in Copb2+/− mouse fibroblasts suggest ER stress and a Golgi defect. Interestingly, ascorbic acid treatment partially rescued the zebrafish developmental phenotype and the cellular phenotype in Copb2+/− mouse fibroblasts. This work identifies a form of coatopathy due to COPB2 haploinsufficiency, explores a potential therapeutic approach for this disorder, and highlights the role of the COPI complex as a regulator of skeletal homeostasis.

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