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Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the western countries for both men and women. Until in 2015, it remains one of the most challenging malignancies with a dismal prognosis and limited therapeutic options. The 5-year survival rate for pancreatic cancer is around 5%, which is the lowest among all different cancer sites. The poor prognosis of PDAC is largely attributed to delayed diagnosis due to nonspecific symptoms in the early stages of the disease, biological aggressiveness leading to rapid metastases, lack of effective screening methods, and resistance to radiation and chemotherapies. In the event of metastases, patients were traditionally referred to palliative treatments. Thanks to continuous progresses in the surgical expertise, synchronous and metachronous metastases resections seem technically feasible nowadays. These reports describe 2 several clinical cases in which patients with Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma, and synchronous and metachronous liver metastases respectively, were treated with a surgical approach. Patients showed a better survival rate compared current data in the literature. Our results, often in conflict with the guidelines and recent evidences, confirm the need for a new vision of the metastases "problem" in patients with Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma.Metastases, Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma, Surgical resection.L’Adenocarcinoma Duttale del Pancreas è la quarta causa di mortalità nei paesi occidentali, sia nell’uomo che nella donna. Ancora oggi, rimane il tumore con prognosi peggiore ed approcci terapeutici limitati e la sopravvivenza a 5 anni raggiunge il 5%. Il ritardo nella diagnosi dovuto a sintomi non specifici nelle fasi precoci della malattia, la particolare aggressività biologica e la conseguente precoce metastatizzazione, la mancanza di programmi standardizzati di screening, la chemio-radio resistenza del tumore, sono responsabili, nella maggior parte dei casi, della prognosi infausta. In caso di metastasi, i pazienti sono tradizionalmente trattati con procedure palliative. Grazie ai continui progressi della chirurgia, la resezione di metastasi sincrone e metacrone sembra oggigiorno possibile e in grado di migliorare la sopravvivenza del paziente. Lo studio descrive due emblematici casi di Adenocarcinoma Duttale del Pancreas complicati da metastasi sincrone epatica e metacrona polmonare bilobare resecate chirurgicamente. In entrambi i casi, i pazienti hanno mostrato un tasso di sopravvivenza superiore rispetto ai dati presenti attualmente in letteratura. I nostri risultati, alla luce delle recenti lineeguida ed evidenze, confermano la necessità di una nuova interpretazione del parametro M nei pazienti affetti da Adenocarcinoma Duttale del Pancreas.

Introduction Progressive functional impairment with age has a significant impact on perioperative risk management. Chronic liver diseases induce a strong oxidative stress; in the elderly, in particular, impaired elimination of free radicals leads to insufficient DNA repair. The events associated with a weak response to growth factors after hepatectomy leads to a decline in liver regeneration. Hypercholesterolemia is highly prevalent in the elderly, which may alter the coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) levels and in turn the cellular energy balance. This condition is commonly treated with statins. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of preoperative cellular energy balance in predicting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) postresection outcomes. Materials and methods In a 5-year period (2009–2013), elderly patients with hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus, undergoing HCC resection, were recruited and grouped by age (

Introduction: Smartphones changed the method by which doctors communicate with each other, offer modern functionalities sensitive to the context of use, and can represent a valuable ally in the healthcare system. Studies have shown that WhatsApp™ application can facilitate communication within the healthcare team and provide the attending physician a constant oversight of activities performed by junior team members. The aim of the study was to use WhatsApp between two distant surgical teams involved in a program of elective surgery to verify if it facilitates communication, enhances learning, and improves patient care preserving their privacy. Methods: We conducted a focused group of surgeons over a 28-month period (from March 2013 to July 2015), and from September 2014 to July 2015, a group of selected specialists communicated healthcare matters through the newly founded "WhatsApp Surgery Group." Each patient enrolled in the study signed a consent form to let the team communicate his/her clinical data using WhatsApp. Communication between team members, response times, and types of messages were evaluated. Results: Forty six (n = 46) patients were enrolled in the study. A total of 1,053 images were used with an average of 78 images for each patient (range 41-143). 125 h of communication were recorded, generating 354 communication events. The expert surgeon had received the highest number of questions (P, 0.001), while the residents asked clinical questions (P, 0.001) and were the fastest responders to communications (P, 0.001). Conclusion: Our study investigated how two distant clinical teams may exploit such a communication system and quantifies both the direction and type of communication between surgeons. WhatsApp is a low cost, secure, and fast technology and it offers the opportunity to facilitate clinical and nonclinical communications, enhance learning, and improve patient care preserving their privacy.

RCC has a range of clinical manifestations including vague abdominal symptoms, haematuria, flank pain and a palpable abdominal mass. Generally, 25-30% of patients are found to have metastases at diagnosis but a further 30-50% of patients with local disease will develop metastases during the course of their illness. Spread in RCC is lymphatic, haematogenous, transcoelomic or by direct invasion and the most common sites of metastasis in RCC are the lung, lymph nodes, bones and liver. Metastasis to the small intestine is rare and the duodenum is the segment least often affected. RCC metastasis to the duodenum occurs most commonly in the periampullary region, followed by the bulband usually manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding or obstruction. Bleeding may be the first symptom of metastatic disease in patients who have previously undergone nephrectomy for RCC. Survival is better for patients with localized disease compared with those with regional and distant metastases. This report describes a case of duodenal metastasis from RCC in which the patient presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and duodenal obstruction and was treated with pancreaticoduodenectomy with an excellent long-term outcome. Long-term survival was better than survival data reported in the current literature. .Duodenal metastasis, Gastrointestinal bleeding, Renal cell carcinoma, Pancreaticoduodenectomy.Il cancro del rene rappresenta la 13a forma di tumore a livello mondiale e risulta incrementata, dal punto di vista epidemiologico, di circa il 2% annuo nelle ultime due decadi. Studi recenti hanno mostrato un numero complessivo di 65,150 nuovi casi di cancro renale diagnosticato nei paesi occidentali e circa 13.680 morti. Il carcinoma a cellule renali rappresenta approssimativamente il 90% di tutte le forme di cancro renale e presenta un tasso di mortalità di circa 4 soggetti ogni 100000 abitanti per anno. Il carcinoma a cellule renali ha, spesso, un particolare corteo sintomatologico caratterizzato da dolore addominale, masse addominali ed ematuria. Caratteristico è il fatto che circa il 25-30% dei pazienti, all’atto della diagnosi, presentano già metastasti a distanza; un ulteriore 30-50%, inoltre, svilupperanno metastasi nel corso della malattia, anche dopo molti anni dall’operazione chirurgica di nefrectomia radicale. Il Cancro del Rene a Cellule Chiare metastatizza in genere per via linfatica, ematogena, transperitoneale o per invasione diretta, ed i siti di metastasi più comuni sono il polmone ed i linfonodi, seguiti dalle ossa e dal fegato. Tra tutte le possibili localizzazioni ai segmenti addominali, il duodeno rappresenta la sede meno colpita: quando coinvolta, viene, in genere, invasa la regione periampollare ed il bulbo del duodeno. Tali localizzazioni danno segno di sè, spesso tardivamente, con sanguinamenti (ematemesi) o ostruzioni del tratto gastrointestinale superiore (vomito). Il nostro caso clinico descrive un carcinoma a cellule renali che si presentava, dopo soli 5 mesi dalla nefrectomia radicale destra, con sanguinamento del tratto gastrointestinale superiore e metastasi a carico del duodeno, e che è stato trattato chirurgicamente con duodenocefalopancreasectomia. L’intervento chirurgico, noto per essere altamente demolitivo ed associato ad elevata morbilità, applicato a recidiva precoce di cancro, ha garantito un ottimo risultato per il paziente ed una migliore e più duratura sopravvivenza rispetto ai dati attualmente in letteratura.