Author: "Rashedi, AS" / Topic: humans - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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185 results on '"Rashedi, AS"'

1. Effects of Yoga on Attention, Impulsivity, and Hyperactivity in Preschool-Aged Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms

Author: Cohen, Samantha CL, Harvey, Danielle J, Shields, Rebecca H, Shields, Grant S, Rashedi, Roxanne N, Tancredi, Daniel J, Angkustsiri, Kathleen, Hansen, Robin L, and Schweitzer, Julie B
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Psychology, Behavioral and Social Science, Complementary and Integrative Health, Clinical Research, Mental Health, Pediatric, Brain Disorders, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Mental Illness, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Mental health, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Treatment Outcome, Yoga, ADHD, yoga, preschool, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Developmental & Child Psychology, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract: ObjectiveBehavioral therapies are first-line for preschoolers with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Studies support yoga for school-aged children with ADHD; this study evaluated yoga in preschoolers on parent- and teacher-rated attention/challenging behaviors, attentional control (Kinder Test of Attentional Performance [KiTAP]), and heart rate variability (HRV).MethodsThis randomized waitlist-controlled trial tested a 6-week yoga intervention in preschoolers with ≥4 ADHD symptoms on the ADHD Rating Scale-IV Preschool Version. Group 1 (n = 12) practiced yoga first; Group 2 (n = 11) practiced yoga second. We collected data at 4 time points: baseline, T1 (6 weeks), T2 (12 weeks), and follow-up (3 months after T2).ResultsAt baseline, there were no significant differences between groups. At T1, Group 1 had faster reaction times on the KiTAP go/no-go task (p = 0.01, 95% confidence interval [CI], -371.1 to -59.1, d = -1.7), fewer distractibility errors of omission (p = 0.009, 95% CI, -14.2 to -2.3, d = -1.5), and more commission errors (p = 0.02, 95% CI, 1.4-14.8, d = 1.3) than Group 2. Children in Group 1 with more severe symptoms at baseline showed improvement at T1 versus control on parent-rated Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire hyperactivity inattention (β = -2.1, p = 0.04, 95% CI, -4.0 to -0.1) and inattention on the ADHD Rating Scale (β = -4.4, p = 0.02, 95% CI, -7.9 to -0.9). HRV measures did not differ between groups.ConclusionYoga was associated with modest improvements on an objective measure of attention (KiTAP) and selective improvements on parent ratings.
Published: 2018

2. Global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its risk factors, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Rajesh Sharma, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Rami Abd-Rabu, Hassan Abidi, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Juan Manuel Acuna, Sangeet Adhikari, Shailesh M Advani, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Mohamad Aghaie Meybodi, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Sajjad Ahmad, Ali Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadi, Haroon Ahmed, Luai A Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Hanadi Al Hamad, Fares Alahdab, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Turki M Alanzi, Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji Alhalaiqa, Yousef Alimohamadi, Vahid Alipour, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Motasem Alkhayyat, Sami Almustanyir, Rajaa M Al-Raddadi, Saba Alvand, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Saeed Amini, Robert Ancuceanu, Amir Anoushiravani, Ali Arash Anoushirvani, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Jalal Arabloo, Armin Aryannejad, Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Floriane Ausloos, Marcel Ausloos, Atalel Fentahun Awedew, Mamaru Ayenew Awoke, Tegegn Mulatu Ayana, Sina Azadnajafabad, Hiva Azami, Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy, Amirhossein Azari Jafari, Ashish D Badiye, Sara Bagherieh, Saeed Bahadory, Atif Amin Baig, Jennifer L Baker, Maciej Banach, Amadou Barrow, Alemshet Yirga Berhie, Sima Besharat, Devidas S Bhagat, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Neeraj Bhala, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Vijayalakshmi S Bhojaraja, Sadia Bibi, Ali Bijani, Antonio Biondi, Tone Bjørge, Belay Boda Abule Bodicha, Dejana Braithwaite, Hermann Brenner, Daniela Calina, Chao Cao, Yin Cao, Giulia Carreras, Felix Carvalho, Ester Cerin, Raja Chandra Chakinala, William C S Cho, Dinh-Toi Chu, Joao Conde, Vera Marisa Costa, Natália Cruz-Martins, Omid Dadras, Xiaochen Dai, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Anna Danielewicz, Feleke Mekonnen Demeke, Getu Debalkie Demissie, Rupak Desai, Deepak Dhamnetiya, Mostafa Dianatinasab, Daniel Diaz, Mojtaba Didehdar, Saeid Doaei, Linh Phuong Doan, Milad Dodangeh, Fatemeh Eghbalian, Debela Debela Ejeta, Michael Ekholuenetale, Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo, Iman El Sayed, Muhammed Elhadi, Daniel Berhanie Enyew, Tahir Eyayu, Rana Ezzeddini, Ildar Ravisovich Fakhradiyev, Umar Farooque, Hossein Farrokhpour, Farshad Farzadfar, Ali Fatehizadeh, Hamed Fattahi, Nima Fattahi, Masood Fereidoonnezhad, Eduarda Fernandes, Getahun Fetensa, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Masoud Foroutan, Peter Andras Gaal, Mohamed M Gad, Silvano Gallus, Tushar Garg, Tamiru Getachew, Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Nermin Ghith, Maryam Gholamalizadeh, Jamshid Gholizadeh Navashenaq, Abraham Tamirat Gizaw, James C Glasbey, Mahaveer Golechha, Pouya Goleij, Kebebe Bekele Gonfa, Giuseppe Gorini, Avirup Guha, Sapna Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Rasool Haddadi, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Rabih Halwani, Shafiul Haque, Sanam Hariri, Ahmed I Hasaballah, Soheil Hassanipour, Simon I Hay, Claudiu Herteliu, Ramesh Holla, Mohammad-Salar Hosseini, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mihaela Hostiuc, Mowafa Househ, Junjie Huang, Ayesha Humayun, Ivo Iavicoli, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Ilic, Farhad Islami, Masao Iwagami, Mohammad Ali Jahani, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Tahereh Javaheri, Ranil Jayawardena, Rime Jebai, Ravi Prakash Jha, Tamas Joo, Nitin Joseph, Farahnaz Joukar, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Ali Kabir, Rohollah Kalhor, Ashwin Kamath, Neeti Kapoor, Ibraheem M Karaye, Amirali Karimi, Joonas H Kauppila, Asma Kazemi, Mohammad Keykhaei, Yousef Saleh Khader, Himanshu Khajuria, Rovshan Khalilov, Javad Khanali, Maryam Khayamzadeh, Mahmoud Khodadost, Hanna Kim, Min Seo Kim, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Hamid Reza Koohestani, Jacek A Kopec, Rajasekaran Koteeswaran, Ai Koyanagi, Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy, G Anil Kumar, Manoj Kumar, Vivek Kumar, Carlo La Vecchia, Faris Hasan Lami, Iván Landires, Caterina Ledda, Sang-woong Lee, Wei-Chen Lee, Yeong Yeh Lee, Elvynna Leong, Bingyu Li, Stephen S Lim, Stany W Lobo, Joana A Loureiro, Raimundas Lunevicius, Farzan Madadizadeh, Ata Mahmoodpoor, Azeem Majeed, Mohammad-Reza Malekpour, Reza Malekzadeh, Ahmad Azam Malik, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani, Miquel Martorell, Sahar Masoudi, Prashant Mathur, Jitendra Kumar Meena, Entezar Mehrabi Nasab, Walter Mendoza, Alexios-Fotios A Mentis, Tomislav Mestrovic, Junmei Miao Jonasson, Bartosz Miazgowski, Tomasz Miazgowski, Gelana Fekadu Worku Mijena, Seyyedmohammadsadeq Mirmoeeni, Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Hamed Mirzaei, Sanjeev Misra, Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad, Esmaeil Mohammadi, Saeed Mohammadi, Seyyede Momeneh Mohammadi, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Shafiu Mohammed, Teroj Abdulrahman Mohammed, Nagabhishek Moka, Ali H Mokdad, Zeinab Mokhtari, Mariam Molokhia, Sara Momtazmanesh, Lorenzo Monasta, Ghobad Moradi, Rahmatollah Moradzadeh, Paula Moraga, Joana Morgado-da-Costa, Sumaira Mubarik, Francesk Mulita, Mohsen Naghavi, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Hae Sung Nam, Zuhair S Natto, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Javad Nazari, Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad, Ionut Negoi, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Son Hoang Nguyen, Nurulamin M Noor, Maryam Noori, Seyyed Mohammad Ali Noori, Virginia Nuñez-Samudio, Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam, Bogdan Oancea, Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya, Ayodipupo Sikiru Oguntade, Hassan Okati-Aliabad, Andrew T Olagunju, Tinuke O Olagunju, Sokking Ong, Samuel M Ostroff, Alicia Padron-Monedero, Reza Pakzad, Adrian Pana, Anamika Pandey, Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan, Urvish K Patel, Uttam Paudel, Renato B Pereira, Navaraj Perumalsamy, Richard G Pestell, Zahra Zahid Piracha, Richard Charles G Pollok, Akram Pourshams, Naeimeh Pourtaheri, Akila Prashant, Mohammad Rabiee, Navid Rabiee, Amir Radfar, Sima Rafiei, Mosiur Rahman, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Vahid Rahmanian, Nazanin Rajai, Aashish Rajesh, Vajiheh Ramezani-Doroh, Kiana Ramezanzadeh, Kamal Ranabhat, Sina Rashedi, Amirfarzan Rashidi, Mahsa Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Mandana Rastegar, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Reza Rawassizadeh, Mohammad Sadegh Razeghinia, Andre M N Renzaho, Negar Rezaei, Nima Rezaei, Saeid Rezaei, Mohsen Rezaeian, Sahba Rezazadeh-Khadem, Gholamreza Roshandel, Maha Mohamed Saber-Ayad, Bahar Saberzadeh-Ardestani, Basema Saddik, Hossein Sadeghi, Umar Saeed, Maryam Sahebazzamani, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Amir Salek Farrokhi, Amir Salimi, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Pouria Samadi, Mehrnoosh Samaei, Abdallah M Samy, Juan Sanabria, Milena M Santric-Milicevic, Muhammad Arif Nadeem Saqib, Arash Sarveazad, Brijesh Sathian, Maheswar Satpathy, Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider, Mario Šekerija, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Allen Seylani, Feng Sha, Sayed Mohammad Shafiee, Zahra Shaghaghi, Saeed Shahabi, Elaheh Shaker, Maedeh Sharifian, Javad Sharifi-Rad, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Jeevan K Shetty, Reza Shirkoohi, Parnian Shobeiri, Sudeep K Siddappa Malleshappa, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Guilherme Silva Julian, Achintya Dinesh Singh, Jasvinder A Singh, Md Shahjahan Siraj, Gholam Reza Sivandzadeh, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Bogdan Socea, Marco Solmi, Mohammad Sadegh Soltani-Zangbar, Suhang Song, Viktória Szerencsés, Miklós Szócska, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Elnaz Tabibian, Majid Taheri, Yasaman TaheriAbkenar, Amir Taherkhani, Iman M Talaat, Ker-Kan Tan, Abdelghani Tbakhi, Bekele Tesfaye, Amir Tiyuri, Daniel Nigusse Tollosa, Mathilde Touvier, Bach Xuan Tran, Biruk Shalmeno Tusa, Irfan Ullah, Saif Ullah, Marco Vacante, Sahel Valadan Tahbaz, Massimiliano Veroux, Bay Vo, Theo Vos, Cong Wang, Ronny Westerman, Melat Woldemariam, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Lin Yang, Fereshteh Yazdanpanah, Chuanhua Yu, Deniz Yuce, Ismaeel Yunusa, Vesna Zadnik, Mazyar Zahir, Iman Zare, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Mohammad Zoladl, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Sharma, Rajesh, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abd-Rabu, Rami, Abidi, Hassan, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Zoladl, Mohammad, GBD 2019 Colorectal Cancer Collaborators, Sharma, R, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abd-Rabu, R, Abidi, H, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Manuel Acuna, J, Adhikari, S, M Advani, S, Sohail Afzal, M, Aghaie Meybodi, M, Opoku Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, H, A Ahmed, L, Beshir Ahmed, M, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Mashhour Alanezi, F, M Alanzi, T, Alhalaiqa Naji Alhalaiqa, F, Alimohamadi, Y, Alipour, V, Mohamed Aljunid, S, Alkhayyat, M, Almustanyir, S, M Al-Raddadi, R, Alvand, S, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amini, S, Ancuceanu, R, Anoushiravani, A, Arash Anoushirvani, A, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Arabloo, J, Aryannejad, A, Asghari Jafarabadi, M, Shamsadin Athari, S, Ausloos, F, Ausloos, M, Fentahun Awedew, A, Ayenew Awoke, M, Mulatu Ayana, T, Azadnajafabad, S, Azami, H, Azangou-Khyavy, M, Azari Jafari, A, D Badiye, A, Bagherieh, S, Bahadory, S, Amin Baig, A, L Baker, J, Banach, M, Barrow, A, Yirga Berhie, A, Besharat, S, S Bhagat, D, Srikanth Bhagavathula, A, Bhala, N, Bhattacharyya, K, S Bhojaraja, V, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Biondi, A, Bj??rge, T, Boda Abule Bodicha, B, Braithwaite, D, Brenner, H, Calina, D, Cao, C, Cao, Y, Carreras, G, Carvalho, F, Cerin, E, Chandra Chakinala, R, S Cho, W, Chu, D, Conde, J, Marisa Costa, V, Cruz-Martins, N, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Danielewicz, A, Mekonnen Demeke, F, Debalkie Demissie, G, Desai, R, Dhamnetiya, D, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Didehdar, M, Doaei, S, Phuong Doan, L, Dodangeh, M, Eghbalian, F, Debela Ejeta, D, Ekholuenetale, M, Cyrus Ekundayo, T, El Sayed, I, Elhadi, M, Berhanie Enyew, D, Eyayu, T, Ezzeddini, R, Ravisovich Fakhradiyev, I, Farooque, U, Farrokhpour, H, Farzadfar, F, Fatehizadeh, A, Fattahi, H, Fattahi, N, Fereidoonnezhad, M, Fernandes, E, Fetensa, G, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Foroutan, M, Andras Gaal, P, M Gad, M, Gallus, S, Garg, T, Getachew, T, Ghamari, S, Ghashghaee, A, Ghith, N, Gholamalizadeh, M, Gholizadeh Navashenaq, J, Tamirat Gizaw, A, C Glasbey, J, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Bekele Gonfa, K, Gorini, G, Guha, A, Gupta, S, Bala Gupta, V, Kumar Gupta, V, Haddadi, R, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Halwani, R, Haque, S, Hariri, S, I Hasaballah, A, Hassanipour, S, I Hay, S, Herteliu, C, Holla, R, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Househ, M, Huang, J, Humayun, A, Iavicoli, I, Stephen Ilesanmi, O, M Ilic, I, D Ilic, M, Islami, F, Iwagami, M, Ali Jahani, M, Jakovljevic, M, Javaheri, T, Jayawardena, R, Jebai, R, Prakash Jha, R, Joo, T, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Jerzy Jozwiak, J, Kabir, A, Kalhor, R, Kamath, A, Kapoor, N, M Karaye, I, Karimi, A, H Kauppila, J, Kazemi, A, Keykhaei, M, Saleh Khader, Y, Khajuria, H, Khalilov, R, Khanali, J, Khayamzadeh, M, Khodadost, M, Kim, H, Seo Kim, M, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kolahi, A, Reza Koohestani, H, A Kopec, J, Koteeswaran, R, Koyanagi, A, Krishnamoorthy, Y, Anil Kumar, G, Kumar, M, Kumar, V, La Vecchia, C, Hasan Lami, F, Landires, I, Ledda, C, Lee, S, Lee, W, Yeh Lee, Y, Leong, E, Li, B, S Lim, S, W Lobo, S, A Loureiro, J, Lunevicius, R, Madadizadeh, F, Mahmoodpoor, A, Majeed, A, Malekpour, M, Malekzadeh, R, Azam Malik, A, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mantovani, L, Martorell, M, Masoudi, S, Mathur, P, Kumar Meena, J, Mehrabi Nasab, E, Mendoza, W, A Mentis, A, Mestrovic, T, Miao Jonasson, J, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Fekadu Worku Mijena, G, Mirmoeeni, S, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, M, Mirzaei, H, Misra, S, Abdulmuhsin Mohammad, K, Mohammadi, E, Mohammadi, S, Momeneh Mohammadi, S, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, S, Abdulrahman Mohammed, T, Moka, N, H Mokdad, A, Mokhtari, Z, Molokhia, M, Momtazmanesh, S, Monasta, L, Moradi, G, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Morgado-da-Costa, J, Mubarik, S, Mulita, F, Naghavi, M, David Naimzada, M, Sung Nam, H, S Natto, Z, Prakash Nayak, B, Nazari, J, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad, E, Negoi, I, Tat Nguyen, C, Hoang Nguyen, S, M Noor, N, Noori, M, Mohammad Ali Noori, S, Nu??ez-Samudio, V, Igwegbe Nzoputam, C, Oancea, B, Ololade Odukoya, O, Sikiru Oguntade, A, Okati-Aliabad, H, T Olagunju, A, O Olagunju, T, Ong, S, M Ostroff, S, Padron-Monedero, A, Pakzad, R, Pana, A, Pandey, A, Pashazadeh Kan, F, K Patel, U, Paudel, U, B Pereira, R, Perumalsamy, N, G Pestell, R, Zahid Piracha, Z, G Pollok, R, Pourshams, A, Pourtaheri, N, Prashant, A, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiei, S, Rahman, M, Masoud Rahmani, A, Rahmanian, V, Rajai, N, Rajesh, A, Ramezani-Doroh, V, Ramezanzadeh, K, Ranabhat, K, Rashedi, S, Rashidi, A, Rashidi, M, Rastegar, M, Laith Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Rawassizadeh, R, Sadegh Razeghinia, M, N Renzaho, A, Rezaei, N, Rezaei, S, Rezaeian, M, Rezazadeh-Khadem, S, Roshandel, G, Mohamed Saber-Ayad, M, Saberzadeh-Ardestani, B, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, H, Saeed, U, Sahebazzamani, M, Sahebkar, A, Salek Farrokhi, A, Salimi, A, Salimzadeh, H, Samadi, P, Samaei, M, M Samy, A, Sanabria, J, M Santric-Milicevic, M, Arif Nadeem Saqib, M, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Satpathy, M, Jayce Ceola Schneider, I, ekerija, M, G Sepanlou, S, Seylani, A, Sha, F, Mohammad Shafiee, S, Shaghaghi, Z, Shahabi, S, Shaker, E, Sharifian, M, Sharifi-Rad, J, Sheikhbahaei, S, K Shetty, J, Shirkoohi, R, Shobeiri, P, K Siddappa Malleshappa, S, Augusto Santos Silva, D, Silva Julian, G, Dinesh Singh, A, A Singh, J, Shahjahan Siraj, M, Reza Sivandzadeh, G, Yurievich Skryabin, V, Aleksandrovna Skryabina, A, Socea, B, Solmi, M, Sadegh Soltani-Zangbar, M, Song, S, Szerencs??s, V, Sz??cska, M, Tabar??s-Seisdedos, R, Tabibian, E, Taheri, M, Taheriabkenar, Y, Taherkhani, A, M Talaat, I, Tan, K, Tbakhi, A, Tesfaye, B, Tiyuri, A, Nigusse Tollosa, D, Touvier, M, Xuan Tran, B, Shalmeno Tusa, B, Ullah, I, Ullah, S, Vacante, M, Valadan Tahbaz, S, Veroux, M, Vo, B, Vos, T, Wang, C, Westerman, R, Woldemariam, M, Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S, Yang, L, Yazdanpanah, F, Yu, C, Yuce, D, Yunusa, I, Zadnik, V, Zahir, M, Zare, I, Zhang, Z, Zoladl, M, Sharma, R., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Abd-Rabu, R., Abidi, H., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Acuna, J. M., Adhikari, S., Advani, S. M., Afzal, M. S., Aghaie Meybodi, M., Ahinkorah, B. O., Ahmad, S., Ahmadi, A., Ahmadi, S., Ahmed, H., Ahmed, L. A., Ahmed, M. B., Al Hamad, H., Alahdab, F., Alanezi, F. M., Alanzi, T. M., Alhalaiqa, F. A. N., Alimohamadi, Y., Alipour, V., Aljunid, S. M., Alkhayyat, M., Almustanyir, S., Al-Raddadi, R. M., Alvand, S., Alvis-Guzman, N., Amini, S., Ancuceanu, R., Anoushiravani, A., Anoushirvani, A. A., Ansari-Moghaddam, A., Arabloo, J., Aryannejad, A., Asghari Jafarabadi, M., Athari, S. S., Ausloos, F., Ausloos, M., Awedew, A. F., Awoke, M. A., Ayana, T. M., Azadnajafabad, S., Azami, H., Azangou-Khyavy, M., Azari Jafari, A., Badiye, A. D., Bagherieh, S., Bahadory, S., Baig, A. A., Baker, J. L., Banach, M., Barrow, A., Berhie, A. Y., Besharat, S., Bhagat, D. S., Bhagavathula, A. S., Bhala, N., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhojaraja, V. S., Bibi, S., Bijani, A., Biondi, A., Bjorge, T., Bodicha, B. B. A., Braithwaite, D., Brenner, H., Calina, D., Cao, C., Cao, Y., Carreras, G., Carvalho, F., Cerin, E., Chakinala, R. C., Cho, W. C. S., Chu, D. -T., Conde, J., Costa, V. M., Cruz-Martins, N., Dadras, O., Dai, X., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Danielewicz, A., Demeke, F. M., Demissie, G. D., Desai, R., Dhamnetiya, D., Dianatinasab, M., Diaz, D., Didehdar, M., Doaei, S., Doan, L. P., Dodangeh, M., Eghbalian, F., Ejeta, D. D., Ekholuenetale, M., Ekundayo, T. C., El Sayed, I., Elhadi, M., Enyew, D. B., Eyayu, T., Ezzeddini, R., Fakhradiyev, I. R., Farooque, U., Farrokhpour, H., Farzadfar, F., Fatehizadeh, A., Fattahi, H., Fattahi, N., Fereidoonnezhad, M., Fernandes, E., Fetensa, G., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Foroutan, M., Gaal, P. A., Gad, M. M., Gallus, S., Garg, T., Getachew, T., Ghamari, S. -H., Ghashghaee, A., Ghith, N., Gholamalizadeh, M., Gholizadeh Navashenaq, J., Gizaw, A. T., Glasbey, J. C., Golechha, M., Goleij, P., Gonfa, K. B., Gorini, G., Guha, A., Gupta, S., Gupta, V. B., Gupta, V. K., Haddadi, R., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Haj-Mirzaian, A., Halwani, R., Haque, S., Hariri, S., Hasaballah, A. I., Hassanipour, S., Hay, S. I., Herteliu, C., Holla, R., Hosseini, M. -S., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hostiuc, M., Househ, M., Huang, J., Humayun, A., Iavicoli, I., Ilesanmi, O. S., Ilic, I. M., Ilic, M. D., Islami, F., Iwagami, M., Jahani, M. A., Jakovljevic, M., Javaheri, T., Jayawardena, R., Jebai, R., Jha, R. P., Joo, T., Joseph, N., Joukar, F., Jozwiak, J. J., Kabir, A., Kalhor, R., Kamath, A., Kapoor, N., Karaye, I. M., Karimi, A., Kauppila, J. H., Kazemi, A., Keykhaei, M., Khader, Y. S., Khajuria, H., Khalilov, R., Khanali, J., Khayamzadeh, M., Khodadost, M., Kim, H., Kim, M. S., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Kolahi, A. -A., Koohestani, H. R., Kopec, J. A., Koteeswaran, R., Koyanagi, A., Krishnamoorthy, Y., Kumar, G. A., Kumar, M., Kumar, V., La Vecchia, C., Lami, F. H., Landires, I., Ledda, C., Lee, S. -W., Lee, W. -C., Lee, Y. Y., Leong, E., Li, B., Lim, S. S., Lobo, S. W., Loureiro, J. A., Lunevicius, R., Madadizadeh, F., Mahmoodpoor, A., Majeed, A., Malekpour, M. -R., Malekzadeh, R., Malik, A. A., Mansour-Ghanaei, F., Mantovani, L. G., Martorell, M., Masoudi, S., Mathur, P., Meena, J. K., Mehrabi Nasab, E., Mendoza, W., Mentis, A. -F. A., Mestrovic, T., Miao Jonasson, J., Miazgowski, B., Miazgowski, T., Mijena, G. F. W., Mirmoeeni, S., Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, M., Mirzaei, H., Misra, S., Mohammad, K. A., Mohammadi, E., Mohammadi, S., Mohammadi, S. M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammed, S., Mohammed, T. A., Moka, N., Mokdad, A. H., Mokhtari, Z., Molokhia, M., Momtazmanesh, S., Monasta, L., Moradi, G., Moradzadeh, R., Moraga, P., Morgado-da-Costa, J., Mubarik, S., Mulita, F., Naghavi, M., Naimzada, M. D., Nam, H. S., Natto, Z. S., Nayak, B. P., Nazari, J., Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad, E., Negoi, I., Nguyen, C. T., Nguyen, S. H., Noor, N. M., Noori, M., Noori, S. M. A., Nunez-Samudio, V., Nzoputam, C. I., Oancea, B., Odukoya, O. O., Oguntade, A. S., Okati-Aliabad, H., Olagunju, A. T., Olagunju, T. O., Ong, S., Ostroff, S. M., Padron-Monedero, A., Pakzad, R., Pana, A., Pandey, A., Pashazadeh Kan, F., Patel, U. K., Paudel, U., Pereira, R. B., Perumalsamy, N., Pestell, R. G., Piracha, Z. Z., Pollok, R. C. G., Pourshams, A., Pourtaheri, N., Prashant, A., Rabiee, M., Rabiee, N., Radfar, A., Rafiei, S., Rahman, M., Rahmani, A. M., Rahmanian, V., Rajai, N., Rajesh, A., Ramezani-Doroh, V., Ramezanzadeh, K., Ranabhat, K., Rashedi, S., Rashidi, A., Rashidi, M., Rashidi, M. -M., Rastegar, M., Rawaf, D. L., Rawaf, S., Rawassizadeh, R., Razeghinia, M. S., Renzaho, A. M. N., Rezaei, N., Rezaei, S., Rezaeian, M., Rezazadeh-Khadem, S., Roshandel, G., Saber-Ayad, M. M., Saberzadeh-Ardestani, B., Saddik, B., Sadeghi, H., Saeed, U., Sahebazzamani, M., Sahebkar, A., Salek Farrokhi, A., Salimi, A., Salimzadeh, H., Samadi, P., Samaei, M., Samy, A. M., Sanabria, J., Santric-Milicevic, M. M., Saqib, M. A. N., Sarveazad, A., Sathian, B., Satpathy, M., Schneider, I. J. C., Sekerija, M., Sepanlou, S. G., Seylani, A., Sha, F., Shafiee, S. M., Shaghaghi, Z., Shahabi, S., Shaker, E., Sharifian, M., Sharifi-Rad, J., Sheikhbahaei, S., Shetty, J. K., Shirkoohi, R., Shobeiri, P., Siddappa Malleshappa, S. K., Silva, D. A. S., Silva Julian, G., Singh, A. D., Singh, J. A., Siraj, M. S., Sivandzadeh, G. R., Skryabin, V. Y., Skryabina, A. A., Socea, B., Solmi, M., Soltani-Zangbar, M. S., Song, S., Szerencses, V., Szocska, M., Tabares-Seisdedos, R., Tabibian, E., Taheri, M., Taheriabkenar, Y., Taherkhani, A., Talaat, I. M., Tan, K. -K., Tbakhi, A., Tesfaye, B., Tiyuri, A., Tollosa, D. N., Touvier, M., Tran, B. X., Tusa, B. S., Ullah, I., Ullah, S., Vacante, M., Valadan Tahbaz, S., Veroux, M., Vo, B., Vos, T., Wang, C., Westerman, R., Woldemariam, M., Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S. H., Yang, L., Yazdanpanah, F., Yu, C., Yuce, D., Yunusa, I., Zadnik, V., Zahir, M., Zare, I., Zhang, Z. -J., Zoladl, M., Epidemiologie, RS: NUTRIM - R3 - Respiratory & Age-related Health, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Subjects: Adult, MED/42 - IGIENE GENERALE E APPLICATA, IMPACT, colorectal cancer, Colorectal Neoplasm, GBD 2019 Colorectal Cancer Collaborators, HEREDITARY, Global Burden of Disease, Cancer screening, DISPARITIES, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Cancer treatment strategies, Risk Factors, Quality-Adjusted Life Year, COLON, Global studies, DALY, GBD, colorectal cancer, risk factors, Humans, Global Burden of Disease Study, Early Detection of Cancer, Hepatology, MORTALITY, Gastroenterology, Cancer incidence rates, Middle Aged, Cancer burden, SURVIVAL, SEX, GENDER, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Colorectal Neoplasms, Human
Abstract: Correction to Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 7: 627-47. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 Aug;7(8):704. doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(22)00210-2. PMID: 35809605. Background: Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Given the recent increasing trends in colorectal cancer incidence globally, up-to-date information on the colorectal cancer burden could guide screening, early detection, and treatment strategies, and help effectively allocate resources. We examined the temporal patterns of the global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its risk factors in 204 countries and territories across the past three decades. Methods: Estimates of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for colorectal cancer were generated as a part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 by age, sex, and geographical location for the period 1990-2019. Mortality estimates were produced using the cause of death ensemble model. We also calculated DALYs attributable to risk factors that had evidence of causation with colorectal cancer. Findings: Globally, between 1990 and 2019, colorectal cancer incident cases more than doubled, from 842 098 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 810 408-868 574) to 2·17 million (2·00-2·34), and deaths increased from 518 126 (493 682-537 877) to 1·09 million (1·02-1·15). The global age-standardised incidence rate increased from 22·2 (95% UI 21·3-23·0) per 100 000 to 26·7 (24·6-28·9) per 100 000, whereas the age-standardised mortality rate decreased from 14·3 (13·5-14·9) per 100 000 to 13·7 (12·6-14·5) per 100 000 and the age-standardised DALY rate decreased from 308·5 (294·7-320·7) per 100 000 to 295·5 (275·2-313·0) per 100 000 from 1990 through 2019. Taiwan (province of China; 62·0 [48·9-80·0] per 100 000), Monaco (60·7 [48·5-73·6] per 100 000), and Andorra (56·6 [42·8-71·9] per 100 000) had the highest age-standardised incidence rates, while Greenland (31·4 [26·0-37·1] per 100 000), Brunei (30·3 [26·6-34·1] per 100 000), and Hungary (28·6 [23·6-34·0] per 100 000) had the highest age-standardised mortality rates. From 1990 through 2019, a substantial rise in incidence rates was observed in younger adults (age
Published: 2022
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3. Meta-Analysis on the Association Between Nutritional Status and Outcomes After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

Author: Sina Kazemian, Hamed Tavolinejad, Sina Rashedi, Pourya Yarahmadi, Hossein Farrokhpour, and Dhaval Kolte
Subjects: Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement, Nutrition Assessment, Risk Factors, Aortic Valve, Malnutrition, Humans, Nutritional Status, Aortic Valve Stenosis, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Aged
Abstract: Malnutrition is a common co-morbidity among candidates for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). This study aimed to investigate the association between nutritional status determined by objective nutritional indices and outcomes of patients who underwent TAVI. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library from inception until April 18, 2022 to identify studies examining the association of preprocedural nutritional status with post-TAVI outcomes. Malnutrition was defined by objective nutritional indices-controlling nutritional index, nutritional risk index, geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI). The primary end point was 1-year all-cause mortality. The review included 13 observational studies and 6,785 patients who underwent TAVI. Malnutrition was associated with a higher risk of 1-year all-cause mortality, as defined by either the controlling nutritional index (hazard ratio [HR] 2.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21 to 6.03, p = 0.015), GNRI (HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.93, p = 0.021), or PNI (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.23, p0.001). In the meta-analysis of adjusted results, lower GNRI was independently associated with higher 1-year mortality (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.50, p = 0.006). Lower GNRI was associated with increased risk of acute kidney injury (relative risk [RR] 2.21, 95% CI 1.63 to 2.99, p0.001) and 1-year cardiovascular mortality (RR 2.50, 95% CI 1.66 to 3.78, p0.001). Lower PNI was associated with a higher risk of major vascular complications (RR 2.99, 95% CI 1.38 to 6.51, p = 0.006). In conclusion, baseline malnutrition, as assessed by objective indices, is associated with worse outcomes after TAVI. Future studies should focus on the value of nutritional assessment and interventions to improve nutritional status in patients who underwent TAVI.
Published: 2023
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4. Evaluation of the Practice Guideline Used for Rule-Out of Myocardial Infarction at a Tertiary Cardiology Center

Author: Reza Sheikh Sharbafan, Hossein Farrokhpour, Mohammad Keykhaei, Sina Rashedi, Roham Foroumadi, Mehdi Mehrani, and Masih Tajdini
Subjects: Adult, Troponin T, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Cardiology, Myocardial Infarction, Humans, Prospective Studies, Middle Aged, Iran, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Aged
Abstract: With the current high burden on the healthcare system and limited resources, the efficient utilization of facilities is of utmost importance. We sought to present the practice guideline used at a high prevalence tertiary cardiology center and compare its safety and efficacy performance with the single high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T strategy, conventional and modified HEART score.In this prospective cohort study, consecutive patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain or an angina equivalent were recruited. The primary endpoints consisted of major adverse cardiac events at index visits and 30-day follow-up. Patients were managed according to the practice guideline, and sensitivity and negative predictive values were compared.Of the total 1548 patients, the mean age was 50.4 ± 15.7 years. Ninety-nine (10.9%) patients were admitted at the index visit, and 89 patients were consequently diagnosed with acute coronary symptoms. Six (0.007%) patients experienced major adverse cardiac events within the 30-day follow-up among discharged patients. Among 911 patients with at least 1 troponin, using single high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T, HEART score, and modified HEART score would have further admitted 805, 450, and 609 patients, respectively. The negative predictive value for all 4 algorithms did not significantly differ (99.2% vs. 100% vs. 99.3% vs. 99.6%, respectively).The Tehran Herat Center protocol was a relatively safe protocol with high efficacy. Despite the high safety of the other diagnostic pathways, the high volume of patients needing additional evaluation could impose a high burden on the health care system.
Published: 2022
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5. Global, regional, and national mortality among young people aged 10–24 years, 1950–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Collaborators, GAM, Ward, JL, Azzopardi, PS, Francis, KL, Santelli, JS, Skirbekk, V, Sawyer, SM, Kassebaum, NJ, Mokdad, AH, Hay, SI, Abd-Allah, F, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abedi, A, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, LG, Abrigo, MRM, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abushouk, AI, Adebayo, OM, Adekanmbi, V, Adham, D, Advani, SM, Afshari, K, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, AE, Aji, B, Akombi-Inyang, B, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Alcalde-Rabanal, JE, Alemu, BW, Al-Hajj, S, Alhassan, RK, Ali, S, Alicandro, G, Alijanzadeh, M, Aljunid, SM, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almasri, NA, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Alonso, J, Al-Raddadi, RM, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, S, Aminorroaya, A, Amit, AML, Amugsi, DA, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrei, CL, Androudi, S, Ansari, F, Ansari, I, Antonio, CAT, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Appiah, SCY, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Ärnlöv, J, Asaad, M, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asadi-Pooya, AA, Atout, MMW, Ausloos, M, Avenyo, EK, Avila-Burgos, L, Quintanilla, BPA, Ayano, G, Aynalem, YA, Azari, S, Azene, ZN, Bakhshaei, MH, Bakkannavar, SM, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Barboza, MA, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, TW, Basu, S, Baune, BT, Bayati, M, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Bekuma, TT, Bell, AW, Bell, ML, Benjet, C, Bensenor, IM, Berhe, AK, Berhe, K, Berman, AE, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhattarai, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Biondi, A, Birhanu, TTM, Biswas, RK, Bohlouli, S, Bolla, SR, Boloor, A, Borschmann, R, Boufous, S, Bragazzi, NL, Braithwaite, D, Breitborde, NJK, Brenner, H, Britton, GB, Burns, RA, Nagaraja, SB, Butt, ZA, dos Santos, FLC, Cámera, LA, Campos-Nonato, IR, Rincon, JCC, Cárdenas, R, Carreras, G, Carrero, JJ, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Castelpietra, G, Catalá-López, F, Cerin, E, Chandan, JS, Chang, H-Y, Chang, J-C, Charan, J, Chattu, VK, Chaturvedi, S, Choi, J-YJ, Chowdhury, MAK, Christopher, DJ, Chu, D-T, Chung, MT, Chung, S-C, Cicuttini, FM, Constantin, TV, Costa, 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Subjects: Male, Joves -- Mortalitat, ADOLESCENT HEALTH, CHILDREN, Socioeconomic Factor, Global Burden of Disease, RA0421, Cause of Death, Medicine, Young adult, Child, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Cause of death, education.field_of_study, Adolescent, Age Distribution, Female, Humans, Mortality, Sex Distribution, Socioeconomic Factors, Young Adult, Mortality rate, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, General Medicine, Articles, Hälsovetenskaper, MIDDLE-INCOME, MENTAL-HEALTH, Adolescent health, INTERVENTIONS, Human, SUICIDE, Total fertility rate, Population, Adolescent Health, Adolescents -- Mortalitat, General & Internal Medicine, Health Sciences, QUALITY, Medicine [Science], Social determinants of health, INCOME COUNTRIES, education, business.industry, TRENDS, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Years of potential life lost, INJURIES, business, Demography
Abstract: Background Documentation of patterns and long-term trends in mortality in young people, which reflect huge changes in demographic and social determinants of adolescent health, enables identification of global investment priorities for this age group. We aimed to analyse data on the number of deaths, years of life lost, and mortality rates by sex and age group in people aged 10–24 years in 204 countries and territories from 1950 to 2019 by use of estimates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Methods We report trends in estimated total numbers of deaths and mortality rate per 100 000 population in young people aged 10–24 years by age group (10–14 years, 15–19 years, and 20–24 years) and sex in 204 countries and territories between 1950 and 2019 for all causes, and between 1980 and 2019 by cause of death. We analyse variation in outcomes by region, age group, and sex, and compare annual rate of change in mortality in young people aged 10–24 years with that in children aged 0–9 years from 1990 to 2019. We then analyse the association between mortality in people aged 10–24 years and socioeconomic development using the GBD Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite measure based on average national educational attainment in people older than 15 years, total fertility rate in people younger than 25 years, and income per capita. We assess the association between SDI and all-cause mortality in 2019, and analyse the ratio of observed to expected mortality by SDI using the most recent available data release (2017). Findings In 2019 there were 1·49 million deaths (95% uncertainty interval 1·39–1·59) worldwide in people aged 10–24 years, of which 61% occurred in males. 32·7% of all adolescent deaths were due to transport injuries, unintentional injuries, or interpersonal violence and conflict; 32·1% were due to communicable, nutritional, or maternal causes; 27·0% were due to non-communicable diseases; and 8·2% were due to self-harm. Since 1950, deaths in this age group decreased by 30·0% in females and 15·3% in males, and sex-based differences in mortality rate have widened in most regions of the world. Geographical variation has also increased, particularly in people aged 10–14 years. Since 1980, communicable and maternal causes of death have decreased sharply as a proportion of total deaths in most GBD super-regions, but remain some of the most common causes in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, where more than half of all adolescent deaths occur. Annual percentage decrease in all-cause mortality rate since 1990 in adolescents aged 15–19 years was 1·3% in males and 1·6% in females, almost half that of males aged 1–4 years (2·4%), and around a third less than in females aged 1–4 years (2·5%). The proportion of global deaths in people aged 0–24 years that occurred in people aged 10–24 years more than doubled between 1950 and 2019, from 9·5% to 21·6%. Interpretation Variation in adolescent mortality between countries and by sex is widening, driven by poor progress in reducing deaths in males and older adolescents. Improving global adolescent mortality will require action to address the specific vulnerabilities of this age group, which are being overlooked. Furthermore, indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to jeopardise efforts to improve health outcomes including mortality in young people aged 10–24 years. There is an urgent need to respond to the changing global burden of adolescent mortality, address inequities where they occur, and improve the availability and quality of primary mortality data in this age group. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2021

6. Investigating the effect of nanoparticle on phenanthrene biodegradation by Labedella gwakjiensis strain KDI

Author: Maryam Firoozbakht, Abbas Akhavan Sepahi, Hamid Rashedi, and Fatemeh Yazdian
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Bacteria, Bioengineering, Phenanthrenes, Sodium Chloride, Pollution, Microbiology, Actinobacteria, Biodegradation, Environmental, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Actinomycetales, Humans, Nanoparticles, Environmental Chemistry, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Ecosystem
Abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as persistent organic contaminants, are a major source of concern due to their toxic effect on ecosystems and human health. This study attempted to isolate halotolerant PAHs degrading bacteria from saline oil-contaminated soils. Among the isolates, strain KDI with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Labedella gwakjiensis was able to reduce surface tension (ST) from 65.42 to 26.60 mN m
Published: 2022
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7. Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Abbafati, C., Machado, D.B., Cislaghi, B., Salman, O.M., Karanikolos, M., McKee, M., Abbas, K.M., Brady, O.J., Larson, H.J., Trias-Llimós, S., Cummins, S., Langan, S.M., Sartorius, B., Hafiz, A., Jenabi, E., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N., Borzouei, S., Azarian, G., Khazaei, S., Abbasi, M., Asghari, B., Masoumi, S., Komaki, H., Taherkhani, A., Adabi, M., Abbasifard, M., Bazmandegan, G., Kamiab, Z., Vakilian, A., Anjomshoa, M., Mokari, A., Sabour, S., Shahbaz, M., Saeedi, R., Ahmadieh, H., Yousefinezhadi, T., Haj-Mirzaian, A., Nikbakhsh, R., Safi, S., Asgari, S., Irvani, S.N., Jahanmehr, N., Ramezanzadeh, K., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Khayamzadeh, M., Abbastabar, H., Shirkoohi, R., Fazlzadeh, M., Janjani, H., Hosseini, M., Mansournia, M., Tohidinik, H., Bakhtiari, A., Fazaeli, A., Mousavi, S., Hasanzadeh, A., Nabavizadeh, B., Malekzadeh, R., Hashemian, M., Pourshams, A., Salimzadeh, H., Sepanlou, S.G., Afarideh, M., Esteghamati, A., Esteghamati, S., Ghajar, A., Heidari, B., Rezaei, N., Mohamadi, E., Rahimi-Movaghar, A., Rahim, F., Eskandarieh, S., Sahraian, M., Mohebi, F., Aminorroaya, A., Ebrahimi, H., Farzadfar, F., Mohajer, B., Pishgar, F., Saeedi Moghaddam, S., Shabani, M., Zarafshan, H., Abolhassani, H., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Heidari-Soureshjani, R., Abdollahi, M., Farahmand, M., Salamati, P., Mehrabi Nasab, E., Tajdini, M., Aghamir, S., Mirzaei, R., Dibaji Forooshani, Z., Khater, M.M., Abd-Allah, F., Abdelalim, A., Abualhasan, A., El-Jaafary, S.I., Hassan, A., Elsharkawy, A., Khater, A.M., Elhabashy, H.R., Salem, M.R.R., Salem, H., Sadeghi, M., Jafarinia, M., Amini-Rarani, M., Mohammadifard, N., Sarrafzadegan, N., Abdollahpour, I., Sarveazad, A., Tehrani-Banihashemi, A., Yoosefi Lebni, J., Manafi, N., Pazoki Toroudi, H., Dorostkar, F., Alipour, V., Sheikhtaheri, A., Arabloo, J., Azari, S., Ghashghaee, A., Rezapour, A., Naserbakht, M., Kabir, A., Mehri, F., Yousefifard, M., Asadi-Aliabadi, M., Babaee, E., Eshrati, B., Goharinezhad, S., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Abedi, P., Rashedi, V., Kumar, V., Elgendy, I.Y., Basu, S., Park, J., Pereira, A., Norheim, O.F., Eagan, A.W., Cahill, L.E., Sheikh, A., Abushouk, A.I., Kraemer, M.U.G., Thakur, B., Bärnighausen, T.W., Shrime, M.G., Abedi, A., Doshi, C.P., Abegaz, K.H., Geberemariyam, B.S., Aynalem, Y.A., Shiferaw, W.S., Abosetugn, A.E., Aboyans, V., Abrams, E.M., Gitimoghaddam, M., Kissoon, N., Stubbs, J.L., Brauer, M., Iyamu, I.O., Kopec, J.A., Pourmalek, F., Ribeiro, A.P., Malta, D.C., Gomez, R.S., Abreu, L.G., Abrigo, M.R.M., Almulhim, A.M., Dahlawi, S.M.A., Pottoo, F.H., Menezes, R.G., Alanzi, T.M., Alumran, A.K., Abu Haimed, A.K., Madadin, M., Alanezi, F.M., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Saddik, B., Abu-Raddad, L.J., Samy, A.M., El Nahas, N., Shalash, A.S., Nabhan, A.F., Kamath, A.M., Kassebaum, N.J., Aravkin, A.Y., Kochhar, S., Sorensen, R.J.D., Afshin, A., Burkart, K., Cromwell, E.A., Dandona, L., Dharmaratne, S.D., Gakidou, E., Hay, S.I., Kyu, H.H., Lopez, A.D., Lozano, R., Misganaw, A.T., Mokdad, A.H., Naghavi, M., Pigott, D.M., Reiner Jr, R.C., Roth, G.A., Stanaway, J.D., Vollset, S., Vos, T., Wang, H., Lim, S.S., Murray, C.J.L., Kalani, R., Ikuta, K.S., Cho, D.Y., Kneib, C.J., Crowe, C.S., Massenburg, B.B., Morrison, S.D., Acebedo, A., Adelson, J.D., Agesa, K.M., Alam, T., Albertson, S.B., Anderson, J.A., Antony, C.M., Ashbaugh, C., Assmus, M., Azhar, G., Balassyano, S., Bannick, M.S., Barthelemy, C.M., Bender, R.G., Bennitt, F.B., Bertolacci, G.J., Biehl, M.H., Bisignano, C., Boon-Dooley, A.S., Briant, P.S., Bryazka, D., Bumgarner, B.R., Callender, C.S., Cao, J., Castle, C.D., Castro, E., Causey, K., Cercy, K.M., Chalek, J., Charlson, F.J., Cohen, A.J., Comfort, H., Compton, K., Croneberger, A.J., Cruz, J.A., Cunningham, M., Dandona, R., Dangel, W.J., Dean, F.E., DeCleene, N.K., Deen, A., Degenhardt, L., Dingels, Z.V., Dippenaar, I.N., Dirac, M.A., Dolgert, A.J., Emmons-Bell, S., Estep, K., Farag, T., Feigin, V.L., Feldman, R., Ferrara, G., Ferrari, A.J., Fitzgerald, R., Force, L.M., Fox, J.T., Frank, T.D., Fu, W., Fukutaki, K., Fuller, J.E., Fullman, N., Galles, N.C., Gardner, W.M., Gershberg Hayoon, A., Goren, E., Gorman, T.M., Gottlich, H.C., Guo, G., Haddock, B., Hagins, H., Haile, L.M., Hamilton, E.B., Han, C., Han, H., Harvey, J.D., Henny, K., Henrikson, H.J., Henry, N.J., Herbert, M.E., Hsiao, T., Huynh, C.K., Iannucci, V.C., Ippolito, H., Irvine, C.M.S., Jafari, H., Jahagirdar, D., James, S.L., Johnson, C.O., Johnson, S.C., Keller, C., Kemmer, L., Kendrick, P.J., Knight, M., Kocarnik, J.M., Krohn, K.J., Larson, S.L., Lau, K.M., Ledesma, J.R., Leever, A.T., LeGrand, K.E., Lescinsky, H., Lin, C., Liu, H., Liu, Z., Lo, J., Lu, A., Ma, J., Maddison, E.R., Manguerra, H., Marks, A., Martopullo, I., Mastrogiacomo, C.I., May, E.A., Mooney, M.D., Mosser, J.F., Mullany, E.C., Mumford, J., Munro, S.B., Nandakumar, V., Nguyen, J., Nguyen, M., Nichols, E., Nixon, M.R., Odell, C.M., Ong, K.L., Orji, A.U., Ostroff, S.M., Pasovic, M., Paulson, K.R., Pease, S.A., Pennini, A., Pierce, M., Pilz, T.M., Pletcher, M., Rao, P.C., Razo, C., Redford, S.B., Reinig, N., Reitsma, M.B., Rhinehart, P., Robalik, T., Roberts, S., Roberts, N.L.S., Rolfe, S., Sbarra, A.N., Schaeffer, L.E., Shackelford, K.A., Shadid, J., Sharara, F., Shaw, D.H., Sheena, B.S., Simpson, K.E., Smith, A., Spencer, C.N., Spurlock, E.E., Stark, B.A., Steiner, C., Steuben, K.M., Sylte, D.O., Tang, M., Taylor, H.J., Terrason, S., Thomson, A.M., Torre, A.E., Travillian, R., Troeger, C.E., Vongpradith, A., Walters, M.K., Wang, J., Watson, A., Watson, S., Whisnant, J.L., Whiteford, H.A., Wiens, K.E., Wilner, L.B., Wilson, S., Wool, E.E., Wozniak, S.S., Wu, J., Wulf Hanson, S., Wunrow, H., Xu, R., Yadgir, S., Yearwood, J.A., York, H.W., Yuan, C., Zhao, J.T., Zheng, P., Zimsen, S.R.M., Zlavog, B.S., Chang, A.Y., Oren, E., Buchbinder, R., Chin, K.L., Guo, Y., Polkinghorne, K.R., Thrift, A.G., Lee, S.W.H., Ackerman, I.N., Cicuttini, F.M., Li, S., Zaman, S., Suleria, H., Zhang, J., Cowie, B.C., Wijeratne, T., Patton, G.C., Sawyer, S.M., Adair, T., Meretoja, A., Adetokunboh, O.O., Adamu, A.A., Iwu, C.J., Parry, C.D.H., Seedat, S., Ndwandwe, D.E., Mahasha, P.W., Stein, D.J., Nnaji, C.A., Sambala, E.Z., Wiysonge, C.S., Adebayo, O.M., Ilesanmi, O.S., Owolabi, M.O., Adeoye, A.M., Adedeji, I.A., Adekanmbi, V., Ibitoye, S.E., John-Akinola, Y.O., Oluwasanu, M.M., Oghenetega, O.B., Akinyemi, R.O., Zandian, H., Adham, D., Zahirian Moghadam, T., Advani, S.M., Teagle, W.L., Braithwaite, D., Agasthi, P., Saadatagah, S., Afshari, M., Agardh, E.E., Allebeck, P., Danielsson, A., Deuba, K., Carrero, J.J., Mohammad, D.K., Fereshtehnejad, S., Ärnlöv, J., Nowak, C., Cederroth, C.R., Ahmadi, A., Pathak, A., Mills, E.J., Kurmi, O.P., Olagunju, A.T., Agarwal, G., Sathish, T., Aghaali, M., Mohammadbeigi, A., Agrawal, A., Ahmad, T., Ahmadi, K., Maleki, S., Naderi, M., Salahshoor, M.R., Pourmirza Kalhori, R., Almasi, A., Salimi, Y., Siabani, S., Ziapour, A., Barzegar, A., Khazaie, H., Kianipour, N., Amiri, F., Salehi Zahabi, S., Mirzaei, M., Shamsi, M., Najafi, F., Jalali, A., Ghadiri, K., Heydarpour, F., Fattahi, N., Karami Matin, B., Kazemi Karyani, A., Pirsaheb, M., Rajati, F., Sadeghi, E., Safari, Y., Sharafi, K., Soltani, S., Vasseghian, Y., Atafar, Z., Jalilian, F., Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M., Saeidi, S., Soofi, M., Zangeneh, A., Mansouri, B., Ahmadi, M., Khafaie, M.A., Safiri, S., Moghadaszadeh, M., Asghari Jafarabadi, M., Doshmangir, L., Jadidi-Niaragh, F., Ghafourifard, M., Spotin, A., Khodayari, M., Samadi Kafil, H., Kalankesh, L.R., Ahmadpour, E., Yousefi, B., Ansari, F., Hassankhani, H., Karimi, S., Haririan, H., Mereta, S., Ahmed, M.B., Feyissa, G.T., Ciobanu, L.G., Aji, B., Aynalem, G.L., Gebresillassie, B., Tefera, Y.G., Akalu, T.Y., Baraki, A.G., Tesema, G.A., Tessema, Z.T., Tamiru, A.T., Azene, Z.N., Netsere, H.B., Yano, Y., Akinyemiju, T., Wu, C., Zadey, S., Samad, Z., Ji, J.S., Doshi, P.P., John, O., Jha, V., Maulik, P.K., Pesudovs, K., Resnikoff, S., Mitchell, P.B., Sachdev, P.S., Akombi, B., Godinho, M.A., Ivers, R.Q., Peden, A.E., Biswas, R., Boufous, S., Akunna, C.J., Alahdab, F., Hammer, M.S., van Donkelaar, A., Al-Aly, Z., Dellavalle, R.P., Alam, S., Martin, R.V., Alam, N., De Leo, D., Tadakamadla, S.K., Alam, K., Alcalde-Rabanal, J.E., Avila-Burgos, L., Serván-Mori, E., Denova-Gutiérrez, E., Rodríguez-Ramírez, S., Morales, L., Poznańska, A., Wojtyniak, B., Rivera, J.A., Campos-Nonato, I.R., Campuzano Rincon, J., Sánchez-Pimienta, T.G., Mengesha, M.B., Welay, F.T., Alema, N.M., Demsie, D.G., Teame, H., Teklehaimanot, B.F., Alemu, B.W., Gultie, T., Bante, A.B., Yeshitila, Y.G., Geramo, Y.C.D., Glagn, M., Sorrie, M.B., W/hawariat, F.G., Amare, A., Kasa, A., Alemu, Y., Mihretie, K.M., Atnafu, D.D., Demeke, F.M., Melese, A., Bante, S.A., Dessie, G.A., Mengesha, E.W., Nigatu, D., Almadi, M.A.H., Alhabib, K.F., Mohammad, Y., Altirkawi, K.A., Temsah, M., Kugbey, N., Ayanore, M.A., Alhassan, R.K., Ali, M., Ali, S., Alicandro, G., Kalhor, R., Alijanzadeh, M., 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Vlassov, V, Vollset, Se, Vos, T, Vujcic, I, Vukovic, A, Vukovic, R, Waheed, Y, Wallin, Mt, Walters, Mk, Wang, Hb, Wang, Yp, Watson, S, Wei, Jk, Weiss, J, Weldesamuel, Gt, Werdecker, A, Westerman, R, Whiteford, Ha, Wiangkham, T, Wiens, Ke, Wijeratne, T, Wiysonge, C, Wojtyniak, B, Wolfe, Cda, Wondmieneh, Ab, Wool, Ee, Wu, Am, Wu, Jj, Xu, Gl, Yamada, T, Yamagishi, K, Yano, Y, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yearwood, Ja, Yeheyis, Ty, Yilgwan, C, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, Sj, Lebni, Jy, York, Hw, Younis, Mz, Younker, Tp, Yousefi, Z, Yousefinezhadi, T, Yousuf, Ay, Yusefzadeh, H, Moghadam, Tz, Zakzuk, J, Bin Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zandian, H, Zhang, Zj, Zheng, P, Zhou, Mg, Ziapour, A, Murray, Cjl, Wang, Haidong, Abbas, Kaja M, Abbasifard, Mitra, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abreu, Lucas Guimarãe, Abrigo, Michael R M, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I, Adabi, Maryam, Adair, Tim, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Advani, Shailesh M, Afshin, Ashkan, Aghaali, Mohammad, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Tahiya, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M, Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth, Ali, Muhammad, Alicandro, Gianfranco, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alinia, Cyru, Alipour, Vahid, Alizade, Hesam, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Allebeck, Peter, Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Alumran, Arwa Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amini-Rarani, Mostafa, Aminorroaya, Arya, Amit, Arianna Maever L, Ancuceanu, Robert, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Angus, Colin, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Fereshteh, Ansari, Iman, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Antony, Catherine M, Anvari, Davood, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Aremu, Olatunde, Ärnlöv, Johan, Aryal, Krishna K, Asadi-Pooya, Ali A, Asgari, Samaneh, Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad, Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel Gbenato Arthur, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayano, Getinet, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Azarian, Ghasem, Babaee, Ebrahim, Badiye, Ashish D, Bagli, Eleni, Bahrami, Mohammad Amin, Bakhtiari, Ahad, Balassyano, Shelly, Banach, Maciej, Banik, Palash Chandra, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barzegar, Akbar, Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T, Bayati, Mohsen, Bazmandegan, Gholamreza, Bedi, Neeraj, Bell, Michellr L, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berhe, Kidanemaryam, Berman, Adam E, Bertolacci, Gregory J, Bhageerathy, Reshmi, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bijani, Ali, Biondi, Antonio, Bisanzio, Donal, Bisignano, Catherine, Biswas, Raaj Kishore, Bjørge, Tone, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Bohluli, Mehdi, Bolla, Srinivasa Rao Rao, Borzì, Antonio Maria, Borzouei, Shiva, Brady, Oliver J, Braithwaite, Dejana, Brauer, Michael, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Bumgarner, Blair R, Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath, Butt, Zahid A, Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, Cai, Tianji, Callender, Charlton SKH, Cámera, Luis LA Alberto, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carreras, Giulia, Carrero, Juan J, Carvalho, Felix, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, Castelpietra, Giulio, Castro, Franz, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cederroth, Christopher R, Cerin, Ester, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chin, Ken Lee, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Comfort, Haley, Costa, Vera Marisa, Cowden, Richard G, Cromwell, Elizabeth A, Croneberger, Andrew J, Cunningham, Matthew, Dahlawi, Saad M A, Damiani, Giovanni, D'Amico, Emanuele, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Daryani, Ahmad, Das Gupta, Rajat, das Neves, José, Davletov, Kairat, De Leo, Diego, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Deribe, Kebede, Dervenis, Nikolao, Desai, Rupak, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, Dias da Silva, Diana, Diaz, Daniel, Dippenaar, Ilse N, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Hoa Thi, Dokova, Klara, Doku, David Teye, Dorostkar, Fariba, Doshi, Chirag P, Doshmangir, Leila, Doyle, Kerrie E, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Duraes, Andre Rodrigue, Edvardsson, David, Effiong, Andem, El Sayed, Iman, El Tantawi, Maha, Elbarazi, Iffat, El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I, Emamian, Mohammad Hassan, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz, Estep, Kara, Farahmand, Mohammad, Faraj, Anwar, Fareed, Mohammad, Faridnia, Roghiyeh, Faro, Andre, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fattahi, Nazir, Fazaeli, Ali Akbar, Fazlzadeh, Mehdi, Feigin, Valery L, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Ferreira, Manuela L, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Flohr, Carsten, Foigt, Nataliya A, Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich, Freitas, Marisa, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Fuller, John E, Furtado, João M, Gad, Mohamed M, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Gallus, Silvano, Gebrehiwot, Abiyu Mekonnen, Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork, Gething, Peter W, Ghamari, Farhad, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Gholamian, Asadollah, Gilani, Syed Amir, Gitimoghaddam, Mojgan, Glushkova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna, Gnedovskaya, Elena V, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goulart, Alessandra C, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Subodh Sharan, Haagsma, Juanita A, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Halvaei, Iman, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hamagharib Abdullah, Kanaan, Han, Chieh, Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohanne, Hankey, Graeme J, Haririan, Hamidreza, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassankhani, Hadi, Hay, Simon I, Heibati, Behzad, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, Henny, Kiana, Henry, Nathaniel J, Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Hole, Michael K, Hoogar, Praveen, Hosgood, H Dean, Hossain, Naznin, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Househ, Mowafa, Hoy, Damian G, Hu, Guoqing, Huda, Tanvir M, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ikuta, Kevin S, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M, Ilic, Milena D, Imani-Nasab, Mohammad Hasan, Islam, Mdmohaimenul, Iso, Hiroyasu, Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, Jaafari, Jalil, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahagirdar, Deepa, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jalali, Amir, Jalilian, Farzad, James, Spencer L, Janjani, Hosna, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S, Jonas, Jost B, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kalani, Hamed, Kalankesh, Leila R, Kamiab, Zahra, Kanchan, Tanuj, Kapoor, Neeti, Karch, André, Karimi, Salah Eddin, Karimi, Seyed Asaad, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kawakami, Norito, Kayode, Gbenga A, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Keller, Cathleen, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalid, Nauman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Maseer, Khang, Young-Ho, Khater, Amir M, Khater, Mona M, Khazaei, Salman, Khazaie, Habibolah, Khodayari, Mohammad Taghi, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kianipour, Neda, Kim, Cho-il, Kim, Young-Eun, Kim, Yun Jin, Kinfu, Yohanne, Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna, Kivimäki, Mika, Komaki, Hamidreza, Kopec, Jacek A, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael A, Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kris J, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Manasi, Kumar, Pushpendra, Kumar, Vivek, Kusuma, Dian, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lacey, Ben, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lami, Faris Hasan, Lansky, Sonia, Larson, Samantha Leigh, Larsson, Anders O, Lasrado, Savita, Lassi, Zohra S, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Lee, Paul H, Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, Leever, Andrew T, Legrand, Kate E, Leonardi, Matilde, Li, Shanshan, Lim, Lee-Ling, Lim, Stephen S, Linn, Shai, Lodha, Rakesh, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lopez, Alan D, Lopukhov, Platon D, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Lu, Alton, Lunevicius, Raimunda, Madadin, Mohammed, Maddison, Emilie R, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed, Mahasha, Phetole Walter, Mahdavi, Mokhtar Mahdavi, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mamun, Abdullah A, Manafi, Navid, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Mansouri, Borhan, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mapoma, Chabila Christopher, Martini, Santi, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Masaka, Anthony, Mastrogiacomo, Claudia I, Mathur, Manu Raj, May, Erin A, Mcalinden, Colm, Mcgrath, John J, Mckee, Martin, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mehri, Fereshteh, Mehta, Kala M, Meitei, Wahengbam Bigyananda, Memiah, Peter T N, Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G, Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku, Mensah, George A, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu, Miller, Ted R, Mills, Edward J, Milne, George J, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Mirzaei, Hamed, Mirzaei, Maryam, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Moazen, Babak, Moghadaszadeh, Masoud, Mohamadi, Efat, Mohammad, Dara K, Mohammad, Yousef, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, Mohammadbeigi, Abolfazl, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohammed, Hussen, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Mohseni Bandpei, Mohammad A, Mokari, Amin, Mokdad, Ali H, Momen, Natalie C, Monasta, Lorenzo, Mooney, Meghan D, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi, Masoud, Moradi-Joo, Mohammad, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, Moraga, Paula, Moreno Velásquez, Ilai, Morgado-da-Costa, Joana, Morrison, Shane Dougla, Mosser, Jonathan F, Mouodi, Simin, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Nabavizadeh, Behnam, Naderi, Mehdi, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naghshtabrizi, Behshad, Naik, Gurudatta, Najafi, Farid, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nigatu, Yeshambel T, Nikbakhsh, Rajan, Nikpoor, Amin Reza, Nixon, Molly R, Nnaji, Chukwudi A, Nomura, Shuhei, Noubiap, Jean Jacque, Nouraei Motlagh, Soraya, Nowak, Christoph, Oţoiu, Adrian, Odell, Christopher M, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladnabi, Morteza, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Omar Bali, Ahmed, Ong, Kanyin L, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Ortiz, Alberto, Otstavnov, Nikita, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Øverland, Simon, Owolabi, Mayowa O, P A, Mahesh, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Pakshir, Keyvan, Palladino, Raffaele, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Park, Jame, Pasupula, Deepak Kumar, Patel, Jenil R, Patel, Sangram Kishor, Patton, George C, Paulson, Katherine R, Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza, Pease, Spencer A, Peden, Amy E, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Peprah, Emmanuel K, Pereira, Alexandre, Pereira, David M, Perico, Norberto, Pigott, David M, Pilgrim, Thoma, Pilz, Tessa M, Piradov, Michael A, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Pokhrel, Khem Narayan, Postma, Maarten J, Pourjafar, Hadi, Pourmalek, Farshad, Pourshams, Akram, Poznańska, Anna, Prada, Sergio I, Prakash, Sanjay, Preotescu, Liliana, Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Rafiei, Alireza, Raggi, Alberto, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali, Ram, Pradhum, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rao, Sowmya J, Rasella, Davide, Rashedi, Vahid, Rastogi, Prateek, Rathi, Priya, Rawal, Lal, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renjith, Vishnu, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Nima, Rezai, Mohammad sadegh, Rezapour, Aziz, Rickard, Jennifer, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostamian, Morteza, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rwegerera, Godfrey M, Sabour, Siamak, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, Safari, Yahya, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, S Mohammad, Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza, Salama, Joseph S, Salamati, Payman, Salem, Marwa R Rashad, Salimi, Yahya, Salomon, Joshua A, Salz, Inbal, Samad, Zainab, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer, Sartorius, Benn, Sarveazad, Arash, Sathian, Brijesh, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Sattin, Davide, Saylan, Mete, Schaeffer, Lauren E, Schiavolin, Silvia, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Sekerija, Mario, Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serván-Mori, Edson, Shabani, Mahsima, Shahabi, Saeed, Shahbaz, Mohammad, Shaheen, Amira A, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shalash, Ali S, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsi, Mohammadbagher, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Shannawaz, Mohammed, Sharafi, Kiomar, Sharafi, Zeinab, Sharara, Fablina, Sharma, Rajesh, Shaw, David H, Sheikh, Aziz, Shin, Jae Il, Shiri, Rahman, Shrime, Mark G, Shuval, Kerem, Siabani, Soraya, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, Silva, Diego Augusto Santo, Simonetti, Biagio, Simpson, Kyle E, Singh, Jasvinder A, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Soheili, Amin, Sokhan, Anton, Sorensen, Reed J D, Soriano, Joan B, Sorrie, Muluken Bekele, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Stockfelt, Leo, Stokes, Mark A, Stubbs, Jacob L, Sudaryanto, Agu, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan, Sykes, Bryan L, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabb, Karen M, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Taherkhani, Amir, Tang, Muming, Taveira, Nuno, Taylor, Heather Jean, Teagle, Whitney L, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Teklehaimanot, Berhane Fseha, Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Thomas, Nihal, Thrift, Amanda G, Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna, Tohidinik, Hamid Reza, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Foti, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Roberto, Traini, Eugenio, Tran, Bach Xuan, Travillian, Ravensara, Trias-Llimós, Sergi, Truelsen, Thomas Clement, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Upadhyay, Era, Vacante, Marco, Vakilian, Alireza, Valdez, Pascual R, Valli, Alessandro, Vardavas, Constantine, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogale, Vasseghian, Yasser, Veisani, Yousef, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Vidale, Simone, Violante, Francesco S, Vlassov, Vasily, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Vujcic, Isidora S, Vukovic, Ana, Vukovic, Rade, Waheed, Yasir, Wallin, Mitchell Taylor, Walters, Magdalene K, Wang, Hongbo, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Watson, Stefanie, Wei, Jingkai, Weiss, Jordan, Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wiangkham, Taweewat, Wiens, Kirsten E, Wijeratne, Tissa, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wolfe, Charles D A, Wondmieneh, Adam Belay, Wool, Eve E, Wu, Ai-Min, Wu, Junjie, Xu, Gelin, Yamada, Tomohide, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaya, Sanni, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid, Yearwood, Jamal A, Yeheyis, Tomas Y, Yilgwan, Christopher Sabo, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yoosefi Lebni, Javad, York, Hunter W, Younis, Mustafa Z, Younker, Theodore Patrick, Yousefi, Zabihollah, Yousefinezhadi, Taraneh, Yousuf, Abdilahi Yousuf, Yusefzadeh, Hasan, Zahirian Moghadam, Telma, Zakzuk, Josefina, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zamanian, Maryam, Zandian, Hamed, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zheng, Peng, Zhou, Maigeng, Ziapour, Arash, Murray, Christopher J L, Collaborators, GBD 2019 Demographics, GBD 2019 Demographics Collaborator, Violante FS, Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Department of Earth Systems Analysis, Biomechanical Engineering, TechMed Centre, Biomolecular Nanotechnology, Research Methodology, Measurement and Data Analysis, Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, Inorganic Materials Science, MESA+ Institute, Biomedical and Environmental Sensorsystems, Mesoscale Chemical Systems, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Nonlinear Solid Mechanics, Digital Society Institute, Pervasive Systems, Nanobiophysics, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Multi Scale Mechanics, Engineering Fluid Dynamics, Physics of Complex Fluids, Developmental BioEngineering, Physics of Fluids, Elastomer Technology and Engineering, Medical Cell Biophysics, European Membrane Institute, Department of Earth Observation Science, Biomaterials Science and Technology, Sustainable Process Technology, Department of Urban and Regional Planning and Geo-Information Management, Department of Natural Resources, XUV Optics, Databases (Former), Department of Water Resources, Psychology, Health & Technology, Membrane Science & Technology, Department of Public Health, Clinicum, HUS Neurocenter, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Environmental Sciences
Subjects: Male, very elderly, Demographic transition, HALE, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, preschool child, Global Burden of Disease, Carga Global de Enfermedades, 0302 clinical medicine, newborn, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, and Risk Factors Study, 80 and over, 030212 general & internal medicine, Birth Rate, Child, Migration, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Injuries, Geography, Mortality rate, 1. No poverty, DEATH, Censuses, General Medicine, SDG 10 - Reduced Inequalities, Middle Aged, Demographic analysis, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, 3. Good health, demographic analysis, Estilo de Vida Saludable, risk factor, Child, Preschool, Demography/statistics & numerical data, Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, Risk Factors, Fertility, Mortality, Migration, Population, epidemiology, Female, A990 Medicine and Dentistry not elsewhere classified, CHILD-MORTALITY, Live Birth, Global Health Metrics, TRANSITION, demographics, GBD, fertility, mortality, hale, Adult, Adolescent, Total fertility rate, Population, Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study, Birth rate, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Life Expectancy, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, General & Internal Medicine, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Demografía, Humans, Global Burden of Disease Study, human, Mortality, education, Preschool, Aged, Demography, Spatial Analysis, questionnaire, Infant, Newborn, Klinisk medicin, HIV, Infant, Global Burden of Diseases, sex-specific fertility, Live Birth/epidemiology, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.00 [https], MODEL, Fertilidad, Fertility, Demographic change, Life expectancy, NA, global disease burden, Clinical Medicine, population research
Abstract: Background Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019. Methods 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10-14 and 50-54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model that analysed estimated age-specific fertility and mortality rates along with 1250 censuses and 747 population registry years. We classified location-years into seven categories on the basis of the natural rate of increase in population (calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate) and the net migration rate. We computed healthy life expectancy (HALE) using years lived with disability (YLDs) per capita, life tables, and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty was propagated throughout the demographic estimation process, including fertility, mortality, and population, with 1000 draw-level estimates produced for each metric. Findings The global TFR decreased from 2.72 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2.66-2.79) in 2000 to 2.31 (2.17-2.46) in 2019. Global annual livebirths increased from 134.5 million (131.5-137.8) in 2000 to a peak of 139.6 million (133.0-146.9) in 2016. Global livebirths then declined to 135.3 million (127.2-144.1) in 2019. Of the 204 countries and territories included in this study, in 2019, 102 had a TFR lower than 2.1, which is considered a good approximation of replacement-level fertility. All countries in sub-Saharan Africa had TFRs above replacement level in 2019 and accounted for 27.1% (95% UI 26.4-27.8) of global livebirths. Global life expectancy at birth increased from 67.2 years (95% UI 66.8-67.6) in 2000 to 73.5 years (72.8-74.3) in 2019. The total number of deaths increased from 50.7 million (49.5-51.9) in 2000 to 56.5 million (53.7-59.2) in 2019. Under-5 deaths declined from 9.6 million (9.1-10.3) in 2000 to 5.0 million (4.3-6.0) in 2019. Global population increased by 25.7%, from 6.2 billion (6.0-6.3) in 2000 to 7.7 billion (7.5-8.0) in 2019. In 2019, 34 countries had negative natural rates of increase; in 17 of these, the population declined because immigration was not sufficient to counteract the negative rate of decline. Globally, HALE increased from 58.6 years (56.1-60.8) in 2000 to 63.5 years (60.8-66.1) in 2019. HALE increased in 202 of 204 countries and territories between 2000 and 2019. Interpretation Over the past 20 years, fertility rates have been dropping steadily and life expectancy has been increasing, with few exceptions. Much of this change follows historical patterns linking social and economic determinants, such as those captured by the GBD Socio-demographic Index, with demographic outcomes. More recently, several countries have experienced a combination of low fertility and stagnating improvement in mortality rates, pushing more populations into the late stages of the demographic transition. Tracking demographic change and the emergence of new patterns will be essential for global health monitoring. Copyright (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Published: 2020
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8. Age–sex differences in the global burden of lower respiratory infections and risk factors, 1990–2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Hmwe Hmwe Kyu, Avina Vongpradith, Sarah Brooke Sirota, Amanda Novotney, Christopher E Troeger, Matthew C Doxey, Rose G Bender, Jorge R Ledesma, Molly H Biehl, Samuel B Albertson, Joseph Jon Frostad, Katrin Burkart, Fiona B Bennitt, Jeff T Zhao, William M Gardner, Hailey Hagins, Dana Bryazka, Regina-Mae Villanueva Dominguez, Semagn Mekonnen Abate, Michael Abdelmasseh, Amir Abdoli, Gholamreza Abdoli, Aidin Abedi, Vida Abedi, Tadesse M Abegaz, Hassan Abidi, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Hassan Abolhassani, Yonas Derso Abtew, Hiwa Abubaker Ali, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Ahmed Abu-Zaid, Kidist Adamu, Isaac Yeboah Addo, Oyelola A Adegboye, Mohammad Adnan, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Saira Afzal, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Aqeel Ahmad, Araz Ramazan Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Ali Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadi, Haroon Ahmed, Jivan Qasim Ahmed, Tarik Ahmed Rashid, Mostafa Akbarzadeh-Khiavi, Hanadi Al Hamad, Luciana Albano, Mamoon A Aldeyab, Bezatu Mengistie Alemu, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Abdelazeem M Algammal, Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji Alhalaiqa, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali, Liaqat Ali, Musa Mohammed Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Yousef Alimohamadi, Vahid Alipour, Adel Al-Jumaily, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Sami Almustanyir, Rajaa M Al-Raddadi, Rami H Hani Al-Rifai, Saif Aldeen S AlRyalat, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Nelson J Alvis-Zakzuk, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Javad Javad Aminian Dehkordi, John H Amuasi, Dickson A Amugsi, Etsay Woldu Anbesu, Adnan Ansar, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Jalal Arabloo, Demelash Areda, Ayele Mamo Argaw, Zeleke Gebru Argaw, Judie Arulappan, Raphael Taiwo Aruleba, Mulusew A Asemahagn, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Daniel Atlaw, Engi F Attia, Sameh Attia, Avinash Aujayeb, Tewachew Awoke, Tegegn Mulatu Ayana, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Sina Azadnajafabad, Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy, Samad Azari, Amirhossein Azari Jafari, Muhammad Badar, Ashish D Badiye, Nayereh Baghcheghi, Sara Bagherieh, Atif Amin Baig, Maciej Banach, Indrajit Banerjee, Mainak Bardhan, 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E., Iwagami, M., Jaafari, J., Jamshidi, E., Jang, S. -I., Javadi Mamaghani, A., Javaheri, T., Javanmardi, F., Javidnia, J., Jayapal, S. K., Jayarajah, U., Jayaram, S., Jema, A. T., Jeong, W., Jonas, J. B., Joseph, N., Joukar, F., Jozwiak, J. J., K, V., Kabir, Z., Kacimi, S. E. O., Kadashetti, V., Kalankesh, L. R., Kalhor, R., Kamath, A., Kamble, B. D., Kandel, H., Kanko, T. K., Karaye, I. M., Karch, A., Karkhah, S., Kassa, B. G., Katoto, P. D., Kaur, H., Kaur, R. J., Keikavoosi-Arani, L., Keykhaei, M., Khader, Y. S., Khajuria, H., Khan, E. A., Khan, G., Khan, I. A., Khan, M., Khan, M. N., Khan, M. A., Khan, Y. H., Khatatbeh, M. M., Khosravifar, M., Khubchandani, J., Kim, M. S., Kimokoti, R. W., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Kissoon, N., Knibbs, L. D., Kochhar, S., Kompani, F., Koohestani, H. R., Korshunov, V. A., Kosen, S., Koul, P. A., Koyanagi, A., Krishan, K., Kuate Defo, B., Kumar, G. A., Kurmi, O. P., Kuttikkattu, A., Lal, D. K., Lam, J., Landires, I., Ledda, C., Lee, S. -W., Levi, M., Lewycka, S., Liu, G., Liu, W., Lodha, R., Lorenzovici, L., Lotfi, M., Loureiro, J. A., Madadizadeh, F., Mahmoodpoor, A., Mahmoudi, R., Mahmoudimanesh, M., Majidpoor, J., Makki, A., Malakan Rad, E., Malik, A. A., Mallhi, T. H., Manla, Y., Matei, C. N., Mathioudakis, A. G., Maude, R. J., Mehrabi Nasab, E., Melese, A., Memish, Z. A., Mendoza-Cano, O., Mentis, A. -F. A., Meretoja, T. J., Merid, M. W., Mestrovic, T., Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sa, A. C., Mijena, G. F. W., Minh, L. H. N., Mir, S. A., Mirfakhraie, R., Mirmoeeni, S., Mirza, A. Z., Mirza, M., Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, M., Misganaw, A. S., Misganaw, A. T., Mohammadi, E., Mohammadi, M., Mohammed, A., Mohammed, S., Mohan, S., Mohseni, M., Moka, N., Mokdad, A. H., Momtazmanesh, S., Monasta, L., Moniruzzaman, M., Montazeri, F., Moore, C. E., Moradi, A., Morawska, L., Mosser, J. F., Mostafavi, E., Motaghinejad, M., Mousavi Isfahani, H., Mousavi-Aghdas, S. A., Mubarik, S., Murillo-Zamora, E., Mustafa, G., Nair, S., Nair, T. S., Najafi, H., Naqvi, A. A., Narasimha Swamy, S., Natto, Z. S., Nayak, B. P., Nejadghaderi, S. A., Nguyen, H. V. N., Niazi, R. K., Nogueira de Sa, A. T., Nouraei, H., Nowroozi, A., Nunez-Samudio, V., Nzoputam, C. I., Nzoputam, O. J., Oancea, B., Ochir, C., Odukoya, O. O., Okati-Aliabad, H., Okekunle, A. P., Okonji, O. C., Olagunju, A. T., Olufadewa, I. I., Omar Bali, A., Omer, E., Oren, E., Ota, E., Otstavnov, N., Oulhaj, A., P A, M., Padubidri, J. R., Pakshir, K., Pakzad, R., Palicz, T., Pandey, A., Pant, S., Pardhan, S., Park, E. -C., Park, E. -K., Pashazadeh Kan, F., Paudel, R., Pawar, S., Peng, M., Pereira, G., Perna, S., Perumalsamy, N., Petcu, I. -R., Pigott, D. M., Piracha, Z. Z., Podder, V., Polibin, R. V., Postma, M. J., Pourasghari, H., Pourtaheri, N., Qadir, M. M. F., Raad, M., Rabiee, M., Rabiee, N., Raeghi, S., Rafiei, A., Rahim, F., Rahimi, M., Rahimi-Movaghar, V., Rahman, A., Rahman, M. O., Rahman, M., Rahman, M. A., Rahmani, A. M., Rahmanian, V., Ram, P., Ramezanzadeh, K., Rana, J., Ranasinghe, P., Rani, U., Rao, S. J., Rashedi, S., Rashidi, M. -M., Rasul, A., Ratan, Z. A., Rawaf, D. L., Rawaf, S., Rawassizadeh, R., Razeghinia, M. S., Redwan, E. M. M., Reitsma, M. B., Renzaho, A. M. N., Rezaeian, M., Riad, A., Rikhtegar, R., Rodriguez, J. A. B., Rogowski, E. L. B., Ronfani, L., Rudd, K. E., Saddik, B., Sadeghi, E., Saeed, U., Safary, A., Safi, S. Z., Sahebazzamani, M., Sahebkar, A., Sakhamuri, S., Salehi, S., Salman, M., Samadi Kafil, H., Samy, A. M., Santric-Milicevic, M. M., Sao Jose, B. P., Sarkhosh, M., Sathian, B., Sawhney, M., Saya, G. K., Seidu, A. -A., Seylani, A., Shaheen, A. A., Shaikh, M. A., Shaker, E., Shamshad, H., Sharew, M. M., Sharhani, A., Sharifi, A., Sharma, P., Sheidaei, A., Shenoy, S. M., Shetty, J. K., Shiferaw, D. S., Shigematsu, M., Shin, J. I., Shirzad-Aski, H., Shivakumar, K. M., Shivalli, S., Shobeiri, P., Simegn, W., Simpson, C. R., Singh, H., Singh, J. A., Singh, P., Siwal, S. S., Skryabin, V. Y., Skryabina, A. A., Soltani-Zangbar, M. S., Song, S., Song, Y., Sood, P., Sreeramareddy, C. T., Steiropoulos, P., Suleman, M., Tabatabaeizadeh, S. -A., Tahamtan, A., Taheri, M., Taheri Soodejani, M., Taki, E., Talaat, I. M., Tampa, M., Tandukar, S., Tat, N. Y., Tat, V. Y., Tefera, Y. M., Temesgen, G., Temsah, M. -H., Tesfaye, A., Tesfaye, D. G., Tessema, B., Thapar, R., Ticoalu, J. H. V., Tiyuri, A., Tleyjeh, I. I., Togtmol, M., Tovani-Palone, M. R., Tufa, D. G., Ullah, I., Upadhyay, E., Valadan Tahbaz, S., Valdez, P. R., Valizadeh, R., Vardavas, C., Vasankari, T. J., Vo, B., Vu, L. G., Wagaye, B., Waheed, Y., Wang, Y., Waris, A., West, T. E., Wickramasinghe, N. D., Xu, X., Yaghoubi, S., Yahya, G. A. T., Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S. H., Yon, D. K., Yonemoto, N., Zaman, B. A., Zandifar, A., Zangiabadian, M., Zar, H. J., Zare, I., Zareshahrabadi, Z., Zarrintan, A., Zastrozhin, M. S., Zeng, W., Zhang, M., Zhang, Z. -J., Zhong, C., Zoladl, M., Zumla, A., Lim, S. S., Vos, T., Naghavi, M., Brauer, M., Hay, S. I., Murray, C. J. L., University of St Andrews. School of Medicine, University of St Andrews. Population and Behavioural Science Division, Tampere University, Health Sciences, Clinical Medicine, Kyu, H, Vongpradith, A, Sirota, S, Novotney, A, Troeger, C, Doxey, M, Bender, R, Ledesma, J, Biehl, M, Albertson, S, Frostad, J, Burkart, K, Bennitt, F, Zhao, J, Gardner, W, Hagins, H, Bryazka, D, Dominguez, R, Abate, S, Abdelmasseh, M, Abdoli, A, Abdoli, G, Abedi, A, Abedi, V, Abegaz, T, Abidi, H, Aboagye, R, Abolhassani, H, Abtew, Y, Abubaker Ali, H, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abu-Zaid, A, Adamu, K, Addo, I, Adegboye, O, Adnan, M, Adnani, Q, Afzal, M, Afzal, S, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, A, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, J, Ahmed Rashid, T, Akbarzadeh-Khiavi, M, Al Hamad, H, Albano, L, Aldeyab, M, Alemu, B, Alene, K, Algammal, A, Alhalaiqa, F, Alhassan, R, Ali, B, Ali, L, Ali, M, Ali, S, Alimohamadi, Y, Alipour, V, Al-Jumaily, A, Aljunid, S, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, R, Al-Rifai, R, Alryalat, S, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alvis-Zakzuk, N, Ameyaw, E, Aminian Dehkordi, J, Amuasi, J, Amugsi, D, Anbesu, E, Ansar, A, Anyasodor, A, Arabloo, J, Areda, D, Argaw, A, Argaw, Z, Arulappan, J, Aruleba, R, Asemahagn, M, Athari, S, Atlaw, D, Attia, E, Attia, S, Aujayeb, A, Awoke, T, Ayana, T, Ayanore, M, Azadnajafabad, S, Azangou-Khyavy, M, Azari, S, Azari Jafari, A, Badar, M, Badiye, A, Baghcheghi, N, Bagherieh, S, Baig, A, Banach, M, Banerjee, I, Bardhan, M, Barone-Adesi, F, Barqawi, H, Barrow, A, Bashiri, A, Bassat, Q, Batiha, A, Belachew, A, Belete, M, Belgaumi, U, Bhagavathula, A, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhatt, P, Bhojaraja, V, Bhutta, Z, Bhuyan, S, Bijani, A, Bitaraf, S, Bodicha, B, Briko, N, Buonsenso, D, Butt, M, Cai, J, Camargos, P, Camera, L, Chakraborty, P, Chanie, M, Charan, J, Chattu, V, Ching, P, Choi, S, Chong, Y, Choudhari, S, Chowdhury, E, Christopher, D, Chu, D, Cobb, N, Cohen, A, Cruz-Martins, N, Dadras, O, Dagnaw, F, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dao, A, Debela, S, Demisse, B, Demisse, F, Demissie, S, Dereje, D, Desai, H, Desta, A, Desye, B, Dhingra, S, Diao, N, Diaz, D, Digesa, L, Doan, L, Dodangeh, M, Dongarwar, D, Dorostkar, F, dos Santos, W, Dsouza, H, Dubljanin, E, Durojaiye, O, Edinur, H, Ehsani-Chimeh, E, Eini, E, Ekholuenetale, M, Ekundayo, T, El Desouky, E, El Sayed, I, El Sayed Zaki, M, Elhadi, M, Elkhapery, A, Emami, A, Engelbert Bain, L, Erkhembayar, R, Etaee, F, Ezati Asar, M, Fagbamigbe, A, Falahi, S, Fallahzadeh, A, Faraj, A, Faraon, E, Fatehizadeh, A, Ferrara, P, Ferrari, A, Fetensa, G, Fischer, F, Flavel, J, Foroutan, M, Gaal, P, Gaidhane, A, Gaihre, S, Galehdar, N, Garcia-Basteiro, A, Garg, T, Gebrehiwot, M, Gebremichael, M, Gela, Y, Gemeda, B, Gessner, B, Getachew, M, Getie, A, Ghamari, S, Ghasemi Nour, M, Ghashghaee, A, Gholamrezanezhad, A, Gholizadeh, A, Ghosh, R, Ghozy, S, Goleij, P, Golitaleb, M, Gorini, G, Goulart, A, Goyomsa, G, Guadie, H, Gudisa, Z, Guled, R, Gupta, S, Gupta, V, Guta, A, Habibzadeh, P, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Halwani, R, Hamidi, S, Hannan, M, Harorani, M, Hasaballah, A, Hasani, H, Hassan, A, Hassani, S, Hassanian-Moghaddam, H, Hassankhani, H, Hayat, K, Heibati, B, Heidari, M, Heyi, D, Hezam, K, Holla, R, Hong, S, Horita, N, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Househ, M, Hoveidamanesh, S, Huang, J, Hussein, N, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, S, Ikuta, K, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Immurana, M, Ismail, N, Iwagami, M, Jaafari, J, Jamshidi, E, Jang, S, Javadi Mamaghani, A, Javaheri, T, Javanmardi, F, Javidnia, J, Jayapal, S, Jayarajah, U, Jayaram, S, Jema, A, Jeong, W, Jonas, J, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, J, K, V, Kabir, Z, Kacimi, S, Kadashetti, V, Kalankesh, L, Kalhor, R, Kamath, A, Kamble, B, Kandel, H, Kanko, T, Karaye, I, Karch, A, Karkhah, S, Kassa, B, Katoto, P, Kaur, H, Kaur, R, Keikavoosi-Arani, L, Keykhaei, M, Khader, Y, Khajuria, H, Khan, E, Khan, G, Khan, I, Khan, M, Khan, Y, Khatatbeh, M, Khosravifar, M, Khubchandani, J, Kim, M, Kimokoti, R, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kissoon, N, Knibbs, L, Kochhar, S, Kompani, F, Koohestani, H, Korshunov, V, Kosen, S, Koul, P, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kuate Defo, B, Kumar, G, Kurmi, O, Kuttikkattu, A, Lal, D, Lam, J, Landires, I, Ledda, C, Lee, S, Levi, M, Lewycka, S, Liu, G, Liu, W, Lodha, R, Lorenzovici, L, Lotfi, M, Loureiro, J, Madadizadeh, F, Mahmoodpoor, A, Mahmoudi, R, Mahmoudimanesh, M, Majidpoor, J, Makki, A, Malakan Rad, E, Malik, A, Mallhi, T, Manla, Y, Matei, C, Mathioudakis, A, Maude, R, Mehrabi Nasab, E, Melese, A, Memish, Z, Mendoza-Cano, O, Mentis, A, Meretoja, T, Merid, M, Mestrovic, T, Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sa, A, Mijena, G, Minh, L, Mir, S, Mirfakhraie, R, Mirmoeeni, S, Mirza, A, Mirza, M, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, M, Misganaw, A, Mohammadi, E, Mohammadi, M, Mohammed, A, Mohammed, S, Mohan, S, Mohseni, M, Moka, N, Mokdad, A, Momtazmanesh, S, Monasta, L, Moniruzzaman, M, Montazeri, F, Moore, C, Moradi, A, Morawska, L, Mosser, J, Mostafavi, E, Motaghinejad, M, Mousavi Isfahani, H, Mousavi-Aghdas, S, Mubarik, S, Murillo-Zamora, E, Mustafa, G, Nair, S, Nair, T, Najafi, H, Naqvi, A, Narasimha Swamy, S, Natto, Z, Nayak, B, Nejadghaderi, S, Nguyen, H, Niazi, R, Nogueira de Sa, A, Nouraei, H, Nowroozi, A, Nunez-Samudio, V, Nzoputam, C, Nzoputam, O, Oancea, B, Ochir, C, Odukoya, O, Okati-Aliabad, H, Okekunle, A, Okonji, O, Olagunju, A, Olufadewa, I, Omar Bali, A, Omer, E, Oren, E, Ota, E, Otstavnov, N, Oulhaj, A, P A, M, Padubidri, J, Pakshir, K, Pakzad, R, Palicz, T, Pandey, A, Pant, S, Pardhan, S, Park, E, Pashazadeh Kan, F, Paudel, R, Pawar, S, Peng, M, Pereira, G, Perna, S, Perumalsamy, N, Petcu, I, Pigott, D, Piracha, Z, Podder, V, Polibin, R, Postma, M, Pourasghari, H, Pourtaheri, N, Qadir, M, Raad, M, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Raeghi, S, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi, M, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, A, Rahman, M, Rahmani, A, Rahmanian, V, Ram, P, Ramezanzadeh, K, Rana, J, Ranasinghe, P, Rani, U, Rao, S, Rashedi, S, Rashidi, M, Rasul, A, Ratan, Z, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Rawassizadeh, R, Razeghinia, M, Redwan, E, Reitsma, M, Renzaho, A, Rezaeian, M, Riad, A, Rikhtegar, R, Rodriguez, J, Rogowski, E, Ronfani, L, Rudd, K, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, E, Saeed, U, Safary, A, Safi, S, Sahebazzamani, M, Sahebkar, A, Sakhamuri, S, Salehi, S, Salman, M, Samadi Kafil, H, Samy, A, Santric-Milicevic, M, Sao Jose, B, Sarkhosh, M, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Saya, G, Seidu, A, Seylani, A, Shaheen, A, Shaikh, M, Shaker, E, Shamshad, H, Sharew, M, Sharhani, A, Sharifi, A, Sharma, P, Sheidaei, A, Shenoy, S, Shetty, J, Shiferaw, D, Shigematsu, M, Shin, J, Shirzad-Aski, H, Shivakumar, K, Shivalli, S, Shobeiri, P, Simegn, W, Simpson, C, Singh, H, Singh, J, Singh, P, Siwal, S, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Soltani-Zangbar, M, Song, S, Song, Y, Sood, P, Sreeramareddy, C, Steiropoulos, P, Suleman, M, Tabatabaeizadeh, S, Tahamtan, A, Taheri, M, Taheri Soodejani, M, Taki, E, Talaat, I, Tampa, M, Tandukar, S, Tat, N, Tat, V, Tefera, Y, Temesgen, G, Temsah, M, Tesfaye, A, Tesfaye, D, Tessema, B, Thapar, R, Ticoalu, J, Tiyuri, A, Tleyjeh, I, Togtmol, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Tufa, D, Ullah, I, Upadhyay, E, Valadan Tahbaz, S, Valdez, P, Valizadeh, R, Vardavas, C, Vasankari, T, Vo, B, Vu, L, Wagaye, B, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Waris, A, West, T, Wickramasinghe, N, Xu, X, Yaghoubi, S, Yahya, G, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S, Yon, D, Yonemoto, N, Zaman, B, Zandifar, A, Zangiabadian, M, Zar, H, Zare, I, Zareshahrabadi, Z, Zarrintan, A, Zastrozhin, M, Zeng, W, Zhang, M, Zhang, Z, Zhong, C, Zoladl, M, Zumla, A, Lim, S, Vos, T, Naghavi, M, Brauer, M, Hay, S, Murray, C, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Oncology
Subjects: Adult, Male, Global Health, Time, Global Burden of Disease, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Risk Factors, RA0421, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, Humans, Ambient air-quality, Child, Respiratory Tract Infections, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, MCC, Sex Characteristics, Malnutrition, Pyridinolcarbamate, Bayes Theorem, 3rd-DAS, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, Infectious Diseases, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, Child, Preschool, Female, Particulate Matter, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Covid-19, LRI
Abstract: Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Background: The global burden of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) and corresponding risk factors in children older than 5 years and adults has not been studied as comprehensively as it has been in children younger than 5 years. We assessed the burden and trends of LRIs and risk factors across all age groups by sex, for 204 countries and territories. Methods: In this analysis of data for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we used clinician-diagnosed pneumonia or bronchiolitis as our case definition for LRIs. We included International Classification of Diseases 9th edition codes 079.6, 466–469, 470.0, 480–482.8, 483.0–483.9, 484.1–484.2, 484.6–484.7, and 487–489 and International Classification of Diseases 10th edition codes A48.1, A70, B97.4–B97.6, J09–J15.8, J16–J16.9, J20–J21.9, J91.0, P23.0–P23.4, and U04–U04.9. We used the Cause of Death Ensemble modelling strategy to analyse 23 109 site-years of vital registration data, 825 site-years of sample vital registration data, 1766 site-years of verbal autopsy data, and 681 site-years of mortality surveillance data. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, to analyse age–sex-specific incidence and prevalence data identified via systematic reviews of the literature, population-based survey data, and claims and inpatient data. Additionally, we estimated age–sex-specific LRI mortality that is attributable to the independent effects of 14 risk factors. Findings: Globally, in 2019, we estimated that there were 257 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 240–275) LRI incident episodes in males and 232 million (217–248) in females. In the same year, LRIs accounted for 1·30 million (95% UI 1·18–1·42) male deaths and 1·20 million (1·07–1·33) female deaths. Age-standardised incidence and mortality rates were 1·17 times (95% UI 1·16–1·18) and 1·31 times (95% UI 1·23–1·41) greater in males than in females in 2019. Between 1990 and 2019, LRI incidence and mortality rates declined at different rates across age groups and an increase in LRI episodes and deaths was estimated among all adult age groups, with males aged 70 years and older having the highest increase in LRI episodes (126·0% [95% UI 121·4–131·1]) and deaths (100·0% [83·4–115·9]). During the same period, LRI episodes and deaths in children younger than 15 years were estimated to have decreased, and the greatest decline was observed for LRI deaths in males younger than 5 years (–70·7% [–77·2 to –61·8]). The leading risk factors for LRI mortality varied across age groups and sex. More than half of global LRI deaths in children younger than 5 years were attributable to child wasting (population attributable fraction [PAF] 53·0% [95% UI 37·7–61·8] in males and 56·4% [40·7–65·1] in females), and more than a quarter of LRI deaths among those aged 5–14 years were attributable to household air pollution (PAF 26·0% [95% UI 16·6–35·5] for males and PAF 25·8% [16·3–35·4] for females). PAFs of male LRI deaths attributed to smoking were 20·4% (95% UI 15·4–25·2) in those aged 15–49 years, 30·5% (24·1–36·9) in those aged 50–69 years, and 21·9% (16·8–27·3) in those aged 70 years and older. PAFs of female LRI deaths attributed to household air pollution were 21·1% (95% UI 14·5–27·9) in those aged 15–49 years and 18·2% (12·5–24·5) in those aged 50–69 years. For females aged 70 years and older, the leading risk factor, ambient particulate matter, was responsible for 11·7% (95% UI 8·2–15·8) of LRI deaths. Interpretation: The patterns and progress in reducing the burden of LRIs and key risk factors for mortality varied across age groups and sexes. The progress seen in children younger than 5 years was clearly a result of targeted interventions, such as vaccination and reduction of exposure to risk factors. Similar interventions for other age groups could contribute to the achievement of multiple Sustainable Development Goals targets, including promoting wellbeing at all ages and reducing health inequalities. Interventions, including addressing risk factors such as child wasting, smoking, ambient particulate matter pollution, and household air pollution, would prevent deaths and reduce health disparities. Publisher PDF
Published: 2022

9. The Effect of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Sex Therapy on Improving Sexual Desire Disorder, Sexual Distress, Sexual Self-Disclosure and Sexual Function in Women: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Author: Sedigheh Rashedi, Raziyeh Maasoumi, Nafiseh Vosoughi, and Shima Haghani
Subjects: Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological, Clinical Psychology, Cognition, Humans, Female, Disclosure, Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological, Iran, Mindfulness
Abstract: Sexual desire disorder is the most common form of sexual dysfunction among women and is associated with problems like sexual distress and reduced sexual self-disclosure. As a result, this RCT study was conducted with 70 reproductive-age women in the form of 4 weekly group educational sessions. Compared to the control group, the mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral sex therapy (MBCST) intervention significantly improved sexual -desire, -distress, self-disclosure and -function immediately, 4 and 12 weeks after the educational sessions were completed in the intervention group (p 0.001). Overall, our findings underscore the significance of the MBCST intervention on improving sexual dysfunction among women.Trial registration number: Iranian registry of clinical trials. IRCT Id: IRCT20160808029255N4.Trial registration date: 17th September 2018.Date of first patient's enrollment: 19th September 2018.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2021.2008075.
Published: 2021
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10. Estimating global injuries morbidity and mortality

Author: Zohreh Arefi, Rasmus Havmoeller, Pietro Ferrara, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Payman Salamati, Agegnehu Bante Getenet, Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi, Alexander C. Tsai, Andrew T Olagunju, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie, Tim Driscoll, Reza Rawassizadeh, Vishnu Renjith, Taras Kavetskyy, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel, Richard C. Franklin, Naznin Hossain, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi, Morteza Naserbakht, Sangram Kishor Patel, Vera Marisa Costa, Suzanne Polinder, Ziad El-Khatib, Ashish Pathak, Mika Shigematsu, Bryan L. Sykes, David M. Pigott, Zeleke Aschalew Melketsedik, Hadi Hassankhani, Nuworza Kugbey, Lal B. Rawal, Masoud Foroutan, Dejana Braithwaite, Muluken Bekele Sorrie, Grant M. A. Wyper, Joht Singh Chandan, Akbar Barzegar, Hamid Safarpour, Kate E. LeGrand, Giulio Castelpietra, Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum, Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah, Amin Soheili, Azeem Majeed, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Walter Mendoza, Ghulam Mustafa, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Pengpeng Ye, Mahesh P A, Carlos Miguel Rios González, Ahmad Daryani, Ibrahim Abdollahpour, Masoud Moradi, Haileab Fekadu Wolde, Mohammad Rabiee, Jaya Prasad Tripathy, Jack T Fox, Diep Ngoc Nguyen, Pallab K. Maulik, Ai-Min Wu, Félix Carvalho, Yun Jin Kim, Fatemeh Rajati, Nathaniel J Henry, David C. Schwebel, Ali H. Mokdad, Akine Eshete Abosetugn, Leonardo Roever, Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin, Khalid A Altirkawi, Hayimro Edemealem Merie, Farhad Ghamari, Ramesh Holla, Arash Sarveazad, Devasahayam J. Christopher, Kedir Hussein Abegaz, Suresh Jungari, Rohan Borschmann, Irfan Ullah, Nitin Joseph, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Abdallah M. Samy, Roman Topor-Madry, Michal Grivna, Ivo Rakovac, Mohammad Zamani, Antonio Maria Borzì, Atif Amin Baig, Mohsen Bayati, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Fatemeh Heydarpour, Juanita A. Haagsma, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Mehdi Sayyah, Teshome Abegaz Kamil, Fakher Rahim, Dillon O Sylte, Feng Sha, Palash Chandra Banik, Mohan Bairwa, Mariya Vladimirovna Titova, Yong Yu, Delia Hendrie, Spencer L. James, Anusha Ganapati Bhat, Seok Jun Yoon, Siavash Rahimi, Jost B. Jonas, Michael R. Phillips, Diana Silva, Amir Hossein Goudarzian, Samath D Dharmaratne, Roba Khundkar, Jemal Abdu Mohammed, Joemer C. Maravilla, Eleonora Dubljanin, Arun Balachandran, Arman Latifi, Randah R. Hamadeh, G. K. Mini, Alessandra C. Goulart, Andreea Mirica, Fatemeh Zarei, Habte Belete, Telma Zahirian Moghadam, Maseer Khan, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Atte Meretoja, Jasvinder A. Singh, Guilherme Borges, Yasir Waheed, Fahad Alanezi, Masoud Moghadaszadeh, Guoqing Hu, Archith Boloor, Luca Ronfani, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Vahid Rashedi, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Yonatal Mesfin Tefera, Yousef Khader, Adnan Kisa, Simon I. Hay, Takeshi Fukumoto, Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi, Yuichiro Yano, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Suzanne Barker-Collo, Ghasem Azarian, Sezer Kisa, Basema Saddik, Leake Gebremeskel, Yetunde O. John-Akinola, Jennifer Rickard, Ilais Moreno Velásquez, Priya Rathi, Ali Bijani, Smita Pakhale, Francesco Saverio Violante, Neeraj Bedi, Efat Mohamadi, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Marek Majdan, Feleke Mekonnen Demeke, Chukwudi A Nnaji, Richard Ofori-Asenso, Prateek Rastogi, Xuefeng Liu, Monika Sawhney, Ayman Grada, Prasanna Mithra, Shanshan Li, Masood Ali Shaikh, Erin B Hamilton, Hung Chak Ho, Zichen Liu, Irini Chatziralli, Paulo A. Lotufo, Yuming Guo, Daniel N. Kiirithio, Hamidreza Komaki, Aristidis Tsatsakis, Brijesh Sathian, Daniel Kim, Yoosik Youm, Kebreab Paulos, Saqib Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali, M. Mofizul Islam, Ahad Bakhtiari, Karen M. Tabb, Davood Anvari, Tomislav Mestrovic, Yunquan Zhang, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Naohiro Yonemoto, Rupak Desai, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Rajan Nikbakhsh, Zahra Sadat Dibaji Forooshani, Carlo La Vecchia, Amrit Banstola, Niguse Meles Alema, Shivakumar K.M. Kondlahalli, Soraya Seedat, Filippo Ariani, Chi Linh Hoang, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Erika Ota, Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi, Van C. Lansingh, Mohammed Madadin, Mostafa Dianati Nasab, Biniyam Sahiledengle Geberemariyam, Amanda J. Mason-Jones, Marcela Agudelo-Botero, Dinh-Toi Chu, Bach Xuan Tran, Till Bärnighausen, Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mohammad Ali Jahani, Bereket Duko Adema, In-Hwan Oh, Paul S. F. Yip, Ionut Negoi, Eduarda Fernandes, Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh, Kelly Jones, Mahdi Safdarian, Josep Maria Haro, Zahiruddin Quazi Syed, Diego De Leo, Khanh Bao Tran, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Yasser S. Amer, Tommi Vasankari, Vasily Vlassov, Jose C. Adsuar, Zoubida Zaidi, Asadollah Gholamian, Theo Vos, Nauman Khalid, Malke Asaad, André Faro, Rushdia Ahmed, Tuomo J. Meretoja, Ireneous N. Soyiri, Ana Isabel Ribeiro, Hoa Thi Do, Temesgen Gebeyehu Wondmeneh, Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov, Manasi Kumar, Josip Car, Shoaib Hassan, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Gurudatta Naik, Ali Rajabpour-Sanati, Mustafa Z. Younis, Farid Najafi, Ester Cerin, Lorenzo Monasta, Amit Arora, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Javad Nazari, Joel M. Francis, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Farahnaz Joukar, Babak Moazen, Kebede Deribe, Nithin Kumar, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Getinet Ayano, Serge Resnikoff, Mark A. Stokes, Alaa Badawi, Narinder Kumar, Habibolah Khazaie, Sojib Bin Zaman, Faris Lami, Jens R. Chapman, Onome Bright Oghenetega, Dhirendra N Sinha, Engida Yisma, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Demelash Abewa Elemineh, Junaid Khan, Shane D. Morrison, Mansour Ghafourifard, Ata Rafiee, Hadush Gebremariam, Oghenowede Eyawo, Amir Hasanzadeh, Ana Laura Manda, Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Narayana Manjunatha, Navid Manafi, Ritesh G. Menezes, Ferrán Catalá-López, Hossein Poustchi, Ghobad Moradi, Suliman Alghnam, Tinuke O Olagunju, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chowdhury, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Sorin Hostiuc, Jalal Arabloo, Shaun Wen Huey Lee, Chris D Castle, Joan B. Soriano, Syed Amir Gilani, Mariam Molokhia, Gaurav Gupta, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Isabela M. Benseñor, Desalegn Getnet Demsie, Atalay Goshu Muluneh, Young Eun Kim, Olatunde Aremu, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Jae Il Shin, Berhe Etsay Tesfay, Neha Chaudhary, Juan Sanabria, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Sanni Yaya, Rekha Thapar, Biruk Wogayehu Taddele, Maciej Banach, Salman Rawaf, Nicholas L S Roberts, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Manoochehr Karami, Derrick A Bennett, Duduzile Ndwandwe, Soheil Hassanipour, Ashish Badiye, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Obinna Onwujekwe, Kewal Krishan, João Coelho, Ahmed Abdelalim, Kerrie E. Doyle, Tomasz Miazgowski, Rahman Shiri, Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso, Navid Rabiee, Nikita Otstavnov, Brian J. Hall, Olalekan A. Uthman, Rohollah Kalhor, Swayam Prakash, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Gebre Teklemariam Demoz, Ted R. Miller, Rebecca Ivers, Chuanhua Yu, Pascual R. Valdez, Martha Híjar, Taweewat Wiangkham, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Melkamu Merid Mengesha, Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi, Ravi Prakash Jha, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Aidin Abedi, Savita Lasrado, Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Burcu Kucuk Bicer, Hagazi Gebremedhin Kassaye, Yousef Veisani, Ayenew Kassie Tesema, Amir Radfar, Pawan Faris, Oladimeji Adebayo, Fares Alahdab, Heather Orpana, Narayan Bahadur Mahotra, Tripti Khanna, Girikumar Kumaresh, Alireza Rafiei, João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Cyrus Alinia, Era Upadhyay, Stanislav S. Otstavnov, Ahmed Omar Bali, Farshad Farzadfar, Vivek Kumar, Sanghamitra Pati, Gholamreza Roshandel, Daiane Borges Machado, Yuan-Pang Wang, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Aziz Sheikh, Jeevan Pereira, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Soraya Siabani, Kamarul Imran Musa, Farshad Pourmalek, Janet L Leasher, Shafiu Mohammed, Shyam Sundar Budhathoki, Mehdi Naderi, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Eun-Kee Park, Marwa Rashad Salem, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Achala Upendra Jayatilleke, Paolo Lauriola, Amir Kasaeian, Adam Belay Wondmieneh, Tilahun Belete Mossie, Rovshan Khalilov, Milena M Santric Milicevic, Ai Koyanagi, Shailesh Advani, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, Nihad A. Almasri, Abdur Razzaque Sarker, Salman Khazaei, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Josephine W. Ngunjiri, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Matthew Cunningham, Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary, Hosni Salem, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Amy E. Peden, Rajaram Yadav, Srikanta Banerjee, Kenean Getaneh Tlaye, Ronan A Lyons, Farzad Jalilian, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Soufiane Boufous, Leila R Kalankesh, Abdelrahman Ibrahim Abushouk, Mikk Jürisson, Hamid Reza Tohidinik, Flavia M. Cicuttini, Zachary V Dingels, Florian Fischer, Saad M.A. Dahlawi, Rahmatollah Moradzadeh, Getnet Gedefaw, Tauseef Ahmad, Faramarz Shaahmadi, Hamed Zandian, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Gregory J. Bertolacci, Hamid Yimam Hassen, Christian Lycke Ellingsen, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Dawit Habte Woldeyes, Robert C. Reiner, Rakhi Dandona, Akram Pourshams, Lorainne Tudor Car, Inbal Salz, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Farnam Mohebi, A. A. Fomenkov, Abraham Getachew Kelbore, Benjamin B. Massenburg, Yousef Mohammad, Arash Ziapour, Zabihollah Yousefi, Biresaw Wassihun Alemu, Neeti Kapoor, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Vinod C. Nayak, Yoshan Moodley, Venkatesh Maled, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Arielle Wilder Eagan, Saif Ullah, Anwar Rafay, Ali Koolivand, Ibrahim A Khalil, Parul Puri, Lidia Sanchez Riera, Vinay Nangia, Tanuj Kanchan, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Lidia Morawska, Saeed Shahabi, Tiffany K. Gill, Traolach S. Brugha, Michael K. Hole, Vahid Alipour, Sowmya J. Rao, Pankaj Singh, Rosario Cárdenas, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Sanjay Zodpey, Birhanu Geta, Amaha Kahsay, Moritz U. G. Kraemer, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Samer Hamidi, Gbenga A. Kayode, Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour, Peter Memiah, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Sadia Bibi, Bartosz Miazgowski, Daniel Y. Cho, Keyvan Pakshir, Aziz Rezapour, R V Polibin, Sudha Jayaraman, S. Mohammad Sajadi, Amir Manafi, Berhe Gebremichael, Ali Yadollahpour, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Alan D. Lopez, Masoud Behzadifar, Mohammad A. Mohseni Bandpei, Ali Kabir, Jee-Young Jasmine Choi, Gebretsadkan Hintsa Tekulu, Kidanemaryam Berhe, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Sanofi, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Area, HUS Neurocenter, James, S. L., Castle, C. D., Dingels, Z. V., Fox, J. T., Hamilton, E. B., Liu, Z., Roberts, N. L. S., Sylte, D. O., Bertolacci, G. J., Cunningham, M., Henry, N. J., Legrand, K. E., Abdelalim, A., Abdollahpour, I., Abdulkader, R. S., Abedi, A., Abegaz, K. H., Abosetugn, A. E., Abushouk, A. I., Adebayo, O. M., Adsuar, J. C., Advani, S. M., Agudelo-Botero, M., Ahmad, T., Ahmed, M. B., Ahmed, R., Aichour, M. T. E., Alahdab, F., Alanezi, F. M., Alema, N. M., Alemu, B. W., Alghnam, S. A., Ali, B. A., Ali, S., Alinia, C., Alipour, V., Aljunid, S. M., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Almasri, N. A., Altirkawi, K., Amer, Y. S. A., Andrei, C. L., Ansari-Moghaddam, A., Antonio, C. A. T., Anvari, D., Appiah, S. C. Y., Arabloo, J., Arab-Zozani, M., Arefi, Z., Aremu, O., Ariani, F., Arora, A., Asaad, M., Quintanilla, B. P. A., Ayano, G., Ayanore, M. A., Azarian, G., Badawi, A., Badiye, A. D., Baig, A. A., Bairwa, M., Bakhtiari, A., Balachandran, A., Banach, M., Banerjee, S. K., Banik, P. C., Banstola, A., Barker-Collo, S. L., Barnighausen, T. W., Barzegar, A., Bayati, M., Bazargan-Hejazi, S., Bedi, N., Behzadifar, M., Belete, H., Bennett, D. A., Bensenor, I. M., Berhe, K., Bhagavathula, A. S., Bhardwaj, P., Bhat, A. G., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhutta, Z. A., Bibi, S., Bijani, A., Boloor, A., Borges, G., Borschmann, R., Borzi, A. M., Boufous, S., Braithwaite, D., Briko, N. I., Brugha, T., Budhathoki, S. S., Car, J., Cardenas, R., Carvalho, F., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., Castaneda-Orjuela, C. A., Castelpietra, G., Catala-Lopez, F., Cerin, E., Chandan, J. S., Chapman, J. R., Chattu, V. K., Chattu, S. K., Chatziralli, I., Chaudhary, N., Cho, D. Y., Choi, J. -Y. J., Chowdhury, M. A. K., Christopher, D. J., Chu, D. -T., Cicuttini, F. M., Coelho, J. M., Costa, V. M., Dahlawi, S. M. A., Daryani, A., Davila-Cervantes, C. A., De Leo, D., Demeke, F. M., Demoz, G. T., Demsie, D. G., Deribe, K., Desai, R., Nasab, M. D., Da Silva, D. D., Forooshani, Z. S. D., Do, H. T., Doyle, K. E., Driscoll, T. R., Dubljanin, E., Adema, B. D., Eagan, A. W., Elemineh, D. A., El-Jaafary, S. I., El-Khatib, Z., Ellingsen, C. L., El Sayedzaki, M., Eskandarieh, S., Eyawo, O., Faris, P. S., Faro, A., Farzadfar, F., Fereshtehnejad, S. -M., Fernandes, E., Ferrara, P., Fischer, F., Folayan, M. O., Fomenkov, A. A., Foroutan, M., Francis, J. M., Franklin, R. C., Fukumoto, T., Geberemariyam, B. S., Gebremariam, H., Gebremedhin, K. B., Gebremeskel, L. G., Gebremeskel, G. G., Gebremichael, B., Gedefaw, G. A., Geta, B., Getenet, A. B., Ghafourifard, M., Ghamari, F., Gheshlagh, R. G., Gholamian, A., Gilani, S. A., Gill, T. K., Goudarzian, A. H., Goulart, A. C., Grada, A., Grivna, M., Guimaraes, R. A., Guo, Y., Gupta, G., Haagsma, J. A., Hall, B. J., Hamadeh, R. R., Hamidi, S., Handiso, D. W., Haro, J. M., Hasanzadeh, A., Hassan, S., Hassanipour, S., Hassankhani, H., Hassen, H. Y., Havmoeller, R., Hendrie, D., Heydarpour, F., Hijar, M., Ho, H. C., Hoang, C. L., Hole, M. K., Holla, R., Hossain, N., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hostiuc, S., Hu, G., Ibitoye, S. E., Ilesanmi, O. S., Inbaraj, L. R., Irvani, S. S. N., Islam, M. M., Islam, S. M. S., Ivers, R. Q., Jahani, M. A., Jakovljevic, M., Jalilian, F., Jayaraman, S., Jayatilleke, A. U., Jha, R. P., John-Akinola, Y. O., Jonas, J. B., Jones, K. M., Joseph, N., Joukar, F., Jozwiak, J. J., Jungari, S. B., Jurisson, M., Kabir, A., Kahsay, A., Kalankesh, L. R., Kalhor, R., Kamil, T. A., Kanchan, T., Kapoor, N., Karami, M., Kasaeian, A., Kassaye, H. G., Kavetskyy, T., Kayode, G. A., Keiyoro, P. N., Kelbore, A. G., Khader, Y. S., Khafaie, M. A., Khalid, N., Khalil, I. A., Khalilov, R., Khan, M., Khan, E. A., Khan, J., Khanna, T., Khazaei, S., Khazaie, H., Khundkar, R., Kiirithio, D. N., Kim, Y. -E., Kim, Y. J., Kim, D., Kisa, S., Kisa, A., Komaki, H., Kondlahalli, S. K. M., Koolivand, A., Korshunov, V. A., Koyanagi, A., Kraemer, M. U. G., Krishan, K., Defo, B. K., Bicer, B. K., Kugbey, N., Kumar, N., Kumar, M., Kumar, V., Kumaresh, G., Lami, F. H., Lansingh, V. C., Lasrado, S., Latifi, A., Lauriola, P., Vecchia, C. L., Leasher, J. L., Lee, S. W. H., Li, S., Liu, X., Lopez, A. D., Lotufo, P. A., Lyons, R. A., Machado, D. B., Madadin, M., Abd El Razek, M. M., Mahotra, N. B., Majdan, M., Majeed, A., Maled, V., Malta, D. C., Manafi, N., Manafi, A., Manda, A. -L., Manjunatha, N., Mansour-Ghanaei, F., Mansournia, M. A., Maravilla, J. C., Mason-Jones, A. J., Masoumi, S. Z., Massenburg, B. B., Maulik, P. K., Mehndiratta, M. M., Melketsedik, Z. A., Memiah, P. T. N., Mendoza, W., Menezes, R. G., Mengesha, M. M., Meretoja, T. J., Meretoja, A., Merie, H. 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Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V., Ye, P., Yip, P., Yisma, E., Yonemoto, N., Yoon, S.-J., Youm, Y., Younis, M.Z., Yousef, Z., Yu, C., Yu, Y., Moghadam, T.Z., Zaidi, Z., Zaman, S.B., Zamani, M., Zandian, H., Zarei, F., Zhang, Z.-J., Zhang, Y., Ziapour, A., Zodpey, S., Dandona, R., Dharmaratne, S.D., Hay, S.I., Mokdad, A.H., Pigott, D.M., Reiner, R.C., Vos, T., Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, James, Spencer L, Castle, Chris D, Dingels, Zachary V, Fox, Jack T, Adema, Bereket Duko, Yisma, Engida, Vos, Theo, and Public Health
Subjects: Male, Populations/contexts, 1106 Human Movement and Sports Sciences, Global injuries, population, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Global Health, contexts, context, Global Burden of Disease, 0302 clinical medicine, Quality-Adjusted Life Year, Global health, 030212 general & internal medicine, Original Research, Data, populations/contexts, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, methodology, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, Female, Public Health, TERRITORIES, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, descriptive epidemiology, Human, Disabilities, 195 COUNTRIES, statistical issue, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 03 medical and health sciences, AGE, Life Expectancy, Environmental health, Injury prevention, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, statistical issues, Humans, Mortality, Estimation, SEX-SPECIFIC MORTALITY, DISABILITY, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, populations, Morbidity, Wounds and Injuries, 1106 Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 1701 Psychology, Quality-adjusted life year, Years of potential life lost, 1701 Psychology, Life expectancy, Estimates, Human medicine, populations/context
Abstract: Background. While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria. Methods. In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation. In summary, these methods included estimating cause-specific mortality for every cause of injury, and then estimating incidence for every cause of injury. Non-fatal disability for each cause is then calculated based on the probabilities of suffering from different types of bodily injury experienced. Results. GBD 2017 produced morbidity and mortality estimates for 38 causes of injury. Estimates were produced in terms of incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, cause-specific mortality, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life-years for a 28-year period for 22 age groups, 195 countries and both sexes. Conclusions. GBD 2017 demonstrated a complex and sophisticated series of analytical steps using the largest known database of morbidity and mortality data on injuries. GBD 2017 results should be used to help inform injury prevention policy making and resource allocation. We also identify important avenues for improving injury burden estimation in the future. Seyed Aljunid acknowledges the Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University and International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia for the approval and support to participate in this research project. Alaa Badawi acknowledges support by the Public Health Agency of Canada. Till Bärnighausen acknowledges support by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Traolach Brugha received support from NatCen Social Research (http://natcen.ac.uk/) via NHS Digital and Department of Health and Social Care London, for the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (APMS) programme. Felix Carvalho received support from UID/MULTI/04378/2019 with funding from FCT/MCTES through national funds. Vera M Costa acknowledges support from grant (SFRH/BHD/110001/2015), received by Portuguese national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), IP, under the Norma Transitória DL57/2016/CP1334/CT0006. Kebede Deribe is supported by a grant from the Wellcome Trust [grant number 201900] as part of his International Intermediate Fellowship. Tim Driscoll acknowledges that work on occupational risk factors was partially supported by funds from the World Health Organization. Eduarda Fernandes acknowledges support from UID/QUI/50006/2019 with funding from FCT/MCTES through national funds. Yuming Guo acknowledges support from Career Development Fellowships of the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (numbers APP1107107 and APP1163693). Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam is funded by a Fellowship from National Heart Foundation of Australia and Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University. Mihajlo Jakovljevic acknowledges support by the Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia through the Grant number OI175014; publication of results was not contingent upon Ministry's censorship or approval. Sudha Jayaraman acknowledges support from: NIH R21: 1R21TW010439-01A1 (PI); Rotary Foundation Global Grant #GG1749568 (PI); NIH P20: 1P20CA210284-01A1 (Co-PI) and DOD grant W81XWH-16-2-0040 (Co-I), during the period of this study. Yun Jin Kim acknowledges support from a grant from the Research Management Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia [grant number: XMUMRF/2018-C2/ITCM/0001]. Kewal Krishan is supported by UGC Centre of Advanced Study (CAS II) awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. Mansai Kumar acknowledges support from FIC/ NIH K43 1K43MH114320-01. Amanda Mason-Jones acknowledges support by the University of York. Mariam Molokhia is supported by the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center at Guy’s and St Thomas’s National Health Service Foundation Trust and King’s College London. Ilais Moreno Velasquez is supported by the Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI, Senacyt, Panama). Mukhammad David Naimzada acknowledges support from Government of the Russian Federation (Agreement No – 075-02-2019-967). Duduzile Ndwandwe acknowledges support from Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council. Stanislav S. Otstavnov acknowledges the support from the Government of the Russian Federation (Agreement No – 075-02-2019-967). Ashish Pathak acknowledges support from Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India (Grant number 2013-1253). Michael R Phillips acknowledges support in part by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81761128031). Abdallah M. Samy received a fellowship from the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. Milena Santric Milicevic acknowledges the support from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia (Contract No. 175087). Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA. Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos was supported in part by the national grant PI17/00719 from ISCIII-FEDER. Sojib Bin Zaman acknowledges support from an "Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) Scholarship.
Published: 2020
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11. COVID‐19 vaccines mix‐and‐match: The concept, the efficacy and the doubts

Author: Noosha Samieefar, Sahar Raoofi Mohseni, Niloofar Masoumi, Ronak Rashedi, and Nima Rezaei
Subjects: COVID-19 Vaccines, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Population, Immunization, Secondary, Vaccine Efficacy, Reviews, Review, SARS‐CoV‐2, Immune system, COVID‐19, vaccine, Virology, Pandemic, Animals, Humans, Medicine, Vaccine shortage, education, Immunity, Cellular, education.field_of_study, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Vaccination, COVID-19, mix‐and‐match, Immunity, Humoral, Discontinuation, Infectious Diseases, business
Abstract: The search for developing effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 began with the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the first vaccine dose was administered in December 2020. Today, full vaccination of most of the world's population is considered the most important means to overcome the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccination has been associated with various struggles. Some adverse reactions have resulted in the discontinuation of the specific vaccines use in some countries. Countries in poor regions have faced difficulties supplying enough vaccine doses, and the emergence of new Variants of Concern (VOC) has resulted in reduced effectiveness of available vaccines against COVID-19. The mix-and-match strategy, using heterologous vaccines in the first and second doses, might successfully solve the mentioned struggles. Moreover, this strategy has been associated with higher cellular and humoral immune responses without significantly increasing the adverse reactions. Hence, this strategy can help improve the vaccines' effectiveness, and act as a solution for vaccine shortage in poor regions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Published: 2021
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12. Construction of Aptamer-Based Nanobiosensor for Breast Cancer Biomarkers Detection Utilizing g-C

Author: Mehrab, Pourmadadi, Fatemeh, Yazdian, Sohrabali, Ghorbanian, Amin, Shamsabadipour, Elham, Khandel, Hamid, Rashedi, Abbas, Rahdar, and Ana M, Díez-Pascual
Subjects: Limit of Detection, Magnetic Phenomena, Biomarkers, Tumor, Humans, Nanoparticles, Female, Breast Neoplasms, Graphite, Electrochemical Techniques, Biosensing Techniques, Gold, Aptamers, Nucleotide, Electrodes
Abstract: An electrochemical aptasensor has been developed to determine breast cancer biomarkers (CA 15-3). Aptamer chains were immobilized on the surface of the electrode by g-C
Published: 2022

13. The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010–19 : A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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Melinda Gates Foundation, Kuwait University (Kuwait), Ministry of Higher Education (Malasia), Lega Italiana per la Lotta ai Tumori, Health Effects Institute (Estados Unidos), Unión Europea. Comisión Europea. European Research Council (ERC), Unión Europea. Comisión Europea. H2020, Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portugal), African-German Network of Excellence in Science (AGNES), Federal Ministry of Education & Research (Alemania), Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation, National Institute for Health Research (Reino Unido), National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia), Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, Romanian Ministry of Research Innovation and Digitalization, Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Serbia), Sigrid Jusélius Foundation, Finnish Cancer Foundation, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (India), Xiamen University (Malasia), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (India), Panjab University (India), Sistema Nacional de Investigación (Panamá), Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (Panamá), Ministry of Science and Technology (Taiwan), Lung Foundation Australia, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Wellcome Trust, UNSW Sydney (Australia), ICMR - National Institute of Epidemiology (India), University of Tasmania (Australia), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Brasil), Coordenação de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (Irán), Ain Shams University (Egipto), International Center of Medical Sciences Research (Islamabad), National Institutes of Health (Estados Unidos), University of Oxford (Reino Unido), National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (Irán), Marga und Walter Boll - Stiftung, Ministero della Salute (Italia), IRCCS Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo (Italia), King College London, Wellcome Trust/DBT India Alliance (India), Public Health, University of St Andrews. School of Medicine, and University of St Andrews. Population and Behavioural Science Division
Subjects: Male, DEATHS, DALY, cancer, risk factors, Medizin, systematic analysis, Global Health, Risk Assessment, Cancer prevention, Global Burden of Disease, RC0254, Risk-attributable cancer deaths, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, RA0421, Risk Factors, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, Quality-Adjusted Life Year, Neoplasms, cancer, Humans, Global Burden of Disease Study, UK, Medicine(all), MCC, RC0254 Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology (including Cancer), Risk Factor, Smoking, COVID-19, 3rd-DAS, General Medicine, Disability-adjusted life-years, SOCIAL DETERMINANTS, Risk assessments, risk factor, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, OBESITY, Cancer burden, Neoplasm, Female, LIFE-STYLE, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, HEALTH, RA, Human, RC
Abstract: Background: Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods: The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings: Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4·45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4·01-4·94) deaths and 105 million (95·0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44·4% (41·3-48·4) of all cancer deaths and 42·0% (39·1-45·6) of all DALYs. There were 2·88 million (2·60-3·18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50·6% [47·8-54·1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1·58 million (1·36-1·84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36·3% [32·5-41·3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20·4% (12·6-28·4) and DALYs by 16·8% (8·8-25·0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34·7% [27·9-42·8] and 33·3% [25·8-42·0]). Interpretation: The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. We are grateful to the surveillance systems, including cancer registries, that generated and shared observed cancer burden data. S M Aljunid acknowledges the Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, Kuwait University for the approval and support to participate in this research project. H Ariffin acknowledges support from the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (grant FRGS/1/2021/SKK0/UM/01/1). F Barra acknowledges support from Lega Italiana per la Lotta contro i Tumori - LILT - Bando 5 x 1000 anno 2019. L Belo and M Carvalho acknowledge the support from FCT in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of i4HB. A J Cohen was supported by the Health Effects Institute, Boston, MA, USA. J Conde acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council - ERC Starting Grant 848325. V M Costa acknowledges her grant (SFRH/BHD/110001/2015), received by Portuguese national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), IP, under the Norma Transitória DL57/2016/CP1334/CT0006. T C Ekundayo was supported by the African-German Network of Excellence in Science (AGNES), the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (AvH). N Ghith acknowledges support from a grant from Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF16OC0021856). J C Glasbey is support by a Doctoral Research Fellowship from the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR300175). V K Gupta and V B Gupta acknowledge funding support from National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australia. C Herteliu, A Pana, and M Ausloos acknowledge partial support by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084. C Herteliu is also partially supported by a grant of the Romanian Ministry of Research Innovation and Digitalization, MCID, project number ID-585-CTR-42-PFE-2021. S Hussain was supported from Operational Programme Research, Development and Education–Project, Postdoc2MUNI (number CZ.02.2. 69/0.0/0.0/18_053/0016952). M Jakovljevic acknowledges partial support through the grant OI 175 014 of the Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. J H Kauppila acknowledges research grants from Sigrid Jusélius Foundation and the Finnish Cancer Foundation. M N Khatib acknowledges support from Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (deemed-to-be-university). Y J Kim was supported by the Research Management Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia [XMUMRF/2020-C6/ITCM/0004]. S L Koulmane Laxminarayana acknowledges institutional assistance by Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal. K Krishan is supported by the UGC Centre of Advanced Study (Phase II), awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. I Landires is a member of the Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), which is supported by Panama’s Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT). M-C Li was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST 110-2314-B-003-001). G Liu acknowledges support from the CREATE Hope scientific fellowship from Lung Foundation Australia. J Liu acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation (72122001). J A Loureiro was supported by Scientific Employment Stimulus (FCT; CEECINST/00049/2018). E Mathews is supported by a Clinical and Public Health Early Career Fellowship (grant number IA/CPHE/17/1/503345) from the DBT India Alliance/Wellcome Trust Department of Biotechnology, India Alliance (2018–2023). T J Meretoja was supported by an unrestricted grant from Cancer Foundation Finland sr. S Mohammed acknowledges a fellowship grant from Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, outside the submitted work. M Molokhia is supported by the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center at Guy’s and St Thomas’ National Health Service Foundation Trust and King’s College London. L Monasta received support from the Italian Ministry of Health at the Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste - Italy (RC 34/2017). U Mons is supported by the Marga and Walter Boll Foundation, Kerpen, Germany. M A Moosavi acknowledges the financial support of National Institute of Genetics Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB). J Musa acknowledges support from the NIH/FICK43TW011416 for research-protected time for cervical cancer research and career development at University of Jos. V Nuñez-Samudio is a member of the Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), which is supported by Panama’s Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT). O O Odukoya acknowledges support by the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health under the award number K43TW010704 for research-protected time. The content is solely the responsibility of all the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. A S Oguntade acknowledges funding by a doctoral scholarship from the Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford (Oxford Population Health). J R Padubidri acknowledges Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal for their constant support in research collaborations. R G Pestell acknowledges support from NIH grant W81XWH1810605 Breast Cancer Research, Breakthrough Grant R21 CA235139-01. Z Z Piracha acknowledges the International Center of Medical Sciences Research (ICMSR), Islamabad (44000), Pakistan. R A Radhakrishnan acknowledges support from Wellcome Trust/DBT India Alliance - IA/CPHI/18/1/503927. U Saeed acknowledges the International Center of Medical Sciences Research (ICMSR), Islamabad, Pakistan. A M Samy acknowledges the support from Ain Shams University and the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. F Sha was supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (grant number KQTD20190929172835662). H R Shahsavari acknowledges the Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS) Research Council. A Shetty acknowledges Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal for all the academic support. D A S Silva acknowledges financing in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brazil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001 and D A S Silva is supported in part by CNPq-Brazil (309589/2021-5). L M L R Silva was supported by project CENTRO-04-3559-FSE-000162, Fundo Social Europeu (FSE). Am Singh is supported by the International Graduate Research Scholarship, University of Tasmania. R Suliankatchi Abdulkader acknowledges support from ICMR—National Institute of Epidemiology. B Unnikrishnan acknowledges Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal. H Xiao acknowledges support from the Public Health Sciences Division of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. X Xu is supported by the University of New South Wales (Australia) Scientia Program. C Yu was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 82173626) and Wuhan Medical Research Program of Joint Fund of Hubei Health Committee (grant number WJ2019H304). Sí
Published: 2022
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14. The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Elysia M Alvarez, Lisa M Force, Rixing Xu, Kelly Compton, Dan Lu, Hannah Jacqueline Henrikson, Jonathan M Kocarnik, James D Harvey, Alyssa Pennini, Frances E Dean, Weijia Fu, Martina T Vargas, Theresa H M Keegan, Hany Ariffin, Ronald D Barr, Yana Arturovna Erdomaeva, D Sanjeeva Gunasekera, Yetunde O John-Akinola, Tyler G Ketterl, Tezer Kutluk, Marcio Henrique Malogolowkin, Prashant Mathur, Venkatraman Radhakrishnan, Lynn Ann Gloeckler Ries, Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, Garik Barisovich Sagoyan, Iyad Sultan, Behzad Abbasi, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Hedayat Abbastabar, Michael Abdelmasseh, Sherief Abd-Elsalam, Amir Abdoli, Haimanot Abebe, Aidin Abedi, Hassan Abidi, Hassan Abolhassani, Hiwa Abubaker Ali, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Basavaprabhu Achappa, Juan Manuel Acuna, Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji, Oyelola A Adegboye, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Shailesh M Advani, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Mohamad Aghaie Meybodi, Bahman Ahadinezhad, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Sajjad Ahmad, Sepideh Ahmadi, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Tarik Ahmed Rashid, Yusra Ahmed Salih, Wajeeha Aiman, Gizachew Taddesse Akalu, Hanadi Al Hamad, Fares Alahdab, Abdulhadi A AlAmodi, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Turki M Alanzi, Adugnaw Zeleke Alem, Dejene Tsegaye Alem, Yosef Alemayehu, Fadwa Naji Alhalaiqa, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Saqib Ali, Gianfranco Alicandro, Vahid Alipour, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Motasem Alkhayyat, Sunitha Alluri, Nihad A Almasri, Sadeq Ali Al-Maweri, Sami Almustanyir, Rajaa M Al-Raddadi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Saeed Amini, Hubert Amu, Robert Ancuceanu, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Andrei, Fereshteh Ansari, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Davood Anvari, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Jalal Arabloo, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Ayele Mamo Argaw, Muhammad Arshad, Judie Arulappan, Armin Aryannejad, Zatollah Asemi, Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad Reza Atashzar, Prince Atorkey, Alok Atreya, Sameh Attia, Avinash Aujayeb, Marcel Ausloos, Leticia Avila-Burgos, Atalel Fentahun Awedew, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Alemu Degu Ayele, Solomon Shitu Ayen, Mohammed A Azab, Sina Azadnajafabad, Hiva Azami, Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy, Amirhossein Azari Jafari, Ghasem Azarian, Ahmed Y Azzam, Saeed Bahadory, Jianjun Bai, Atif Amin Baig, Jennifer L Baker, Maciej Banach, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Francesco Barone-Adesi, Fabio Barra, Amadou Barrow, Huda Basaleem, Abdul-Monim Mohammad Batiha, Masoud Behzadifar, Niguss Cherie Bekele, Rebuma Belete, Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi, Arielle Wilder Bell, Alemshet Yirga Berhie, Devidas S Bhagat, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Sonu Bhaskar, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Vijayalakshmi S Bhojaraja, Sadia Bibi, Ali Bijani, Antonio Biondi, Setognal Birara, Tone Bjørge, Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa, Srinivasa Rao Bolla, Archith Boloor, Dejana Braithwaite, Hermann Brenner, Norma B Bulamu, Katrin Burkart, Maria Teresa Bustamante-Teixeira, Nadeem Shafique Butt, Zahid A Butt, Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos, Chao Cao, Yin Cao, Giulia Carreras, Ferrán Catalá-López, Francieli Cembranel, Ester Cerin, Raja Chandra Chakinala, Promit Ananyo Chakraborty, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Pankaj Chaturvedi, Akhilanand Chaurasia, Prachi P Chavan, Odgerel Chimed-Ochir, Jee-Young Jasmine Choi, Devasahayam J Christopher, Dinh-Toi Chu, Michael T Chung, Joao Conde, Vera Marisa Costa, Omar B Da'ar, Omid Dadras, Saad M A Dahlawi, Xiaochen Dai, Giovanni Damiani, Emanuele D'Amico, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Parnaz Daneshpajouhnejad, Amira Hamed Darwish, Ahmad Daryani, Fernando Pio De la Hoz, Sisay Abebe Debela, Takele Gezahegn G Demie, Getu Debalkie Demissie, Zeleke Geto Demissie, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Meseret Derbew Molla, Rupak Desai, Abebaw Alemayehu Desta, Deepak Dhamnetiya, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal, Meghnath Dhimal, Mostafa Dianatinasab, Mojtaba Didehdar, Mengistie Diress, Shirin Djalalinia, Huyen Phuc Do, Saeid Doaei, Fariba Dorostkar, Wendel Mombaque dos Santos, Thomas M Drake, Michael Ekholuenetale, Iman El Sayed, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Maha El Tantawi, Hassan El-Abid, Mostafa Ahmed Elbahnasawy, Iffat Elbarazi, Hala Rashad Elhabashy, Muhammed Elhadi, Shaimaa I El-Jaafary, Daniel Berhanie Enyew, Ryenchindorj Erkhembayar, Babak Eshrati, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Mohammed Faisaluddin, Jawad Fares, Umar Farooque, Abidemi Omolara Fasanmi, Wafa Fatima, José Miguel P Ferreira de Oliveira, Simone Ferrero, Lorenzo Ferro Desideri, Getahun Fetensa, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, James L Fisher, Masoud Foroutan, Takeshi Fukumoto, Peter Andras Gaal, Mohamed M Gad, Piyada Gaewkhiew, Silvano Gallus, Tushar Garg, Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel, Belete Negese Belete Gemeda, Tamiru Getachew, Mansour Ghafourifard, Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Fariba Ghassemi, Nermin Ghith, Ali Gholami, Jamshid Gholizadeh Navashenaq, Syed Amir Gilani, Themba G Ginindza, Abraham Tamirat Gizaw, James C Glasbey, Amit Goel, Mahaveer Golechha, Pouya Goleij, Davide Golinelli, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Giuseppe Gorini, Houman Goudarzi, Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart, Ayman Grada, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Maximiliano Ribeiro Guerra, Avirup Guha, Bhawna Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Rasool Haddadi, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Alemayehu Hailu, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Rabih Halwani, Randah R Hamadeh, Mitiku Teshome Hambisa, Sajid Hameed, Samer Hamidi, Shafiul Haque, Sanam Hariri, Josep Maria Haro, Ahmed I Hasaballah, S M Mahmudul Hasan, Seyedeh Melika Hashemi, Treska S Hassan, Soheil Hassanipour, Simon I Hay, Khezar Hayat, Sultan H Hebo, Golnaz Heidari, Mohammad Heidari, Brenda Yuliana Herrera-Serna, Claudiu Herteliu, Demisu Zenbaba Heyi, Kamal Hezam, Michael K Hole, Ramesh Holla, Nobuyuki Horita, Md Mahbub Hossain, Mohammad Bellal Hossain, Mohammad-Salar Hosseini, Mostafa Hosseini, Ali Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mihaela Hostiuc, Sorin Hostiuc, Mowafa Househ, Mohamed Hsairi, Junjie Huang, Nawfal R Hussein, Bing-Fang Hwang, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Ilic, Kaire Innos, Lalu Muhammad Irham, Rakibul M Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Gaetano Isola, Masao Iwagami, Louis Jacob, Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh, Vardhmaan Jain, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Roksana Janghorban, Amirreza Javadi Mamaghani, Shubha Jayaram, Ranil Jayawardena, Seyed Behzad Jazayeri, Rime Jebai, Ravi Prakash Jha, Tamas Joo, Nitin Joseph, Farahnaz Joukar, Mikk Jürisson, Billingsley Kaambwa, Ali Kabir, Leila R Kalankesh, Feroze Kaliyadan, Zul Kamal, Ashwin Kamath, Himal Kandel, Sitanshu Sekhar Kar, Ibraheem M Karaye, Amirali Karimi, Bekalu Getnet Kassa, Joonas H Kauppila, Phillip M Kemp Bohan, Andre Pascal Kengne, Amene Abebe Kerbo, Mohammad Keykhaei, Yousef Saleh Khader, Himanshu Khajuria, Nastaran Khalili, Neda Khalili, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Gulfaraz Khan, Maseer Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khan, Moien AB Khan, Javad Khanali, Maryam Khayamzadeh, Omid Khosravizadeh, Jagdish Khubchandani, Roba Khundkar, Min Seo 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P., Ledda C., Lee S.-W., Lee W.-C., Lee Y.Y., Lee Y.H., Leigh J., Leong E., Li B., Li J., Li M.-C., Lim S.S., Liu X., Lobo S.W., Loureiro J.A., Lugo A., Lunevicius R., Magdy Abd El Razek H., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Mahmoudi M., Majeed A., Makki A., Male S., Malekpour M.-R., Malekzadeh R., Malik A.A., Mamun M.A., Manafi N., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mansouri B., Mansournia M.A., Martini S., Masoumi S.Z., Matei C.N., Mathur M.R., McAlinden C., Mehrotra R., Mendoza W., Menezes R.G., Mentis A.-F.A., Meretoja T.J., Mersha A.G., Mesregah M.K., Mestrovic T., Miao Jonasson J., Miazgowski B., Michalek I.M., Miller T.R., Mingude A.B., Mirmoeeni S., Mirzaei H., Misra S., Mithra P., Mohammad K.A., Mohammadi M., Mohammadi S.M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed A., Mohammed S., Mohammed T.A., Moka N., Mokdad A.H., Molokhia M., Momtazmanesh S., Monasta L., Moni M.A., Moradi G., Moradi Y., Moradzadeh M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Morrison S.D., Mostafavi E., Mousavi Khaneghah A., Mpundu-Kaambwa C., Mubarik S., Mwanri L., Nabhan A.F., Nagaraju S.P., Nagata C., Naghavi M., Naimzada M.D., Naldi L., Nangia V., Naqvi A.A., Narasimha Swamy S., Narayana A.I., Nayak B.P., Nayak V.C., Nazari J., Nduaguba S.O., Negoi I., Negru S.M., Nejadghaderi S.A., Nepal S., Neupane Kandel S., Nggada H.A., Nguyen C.T., Nnaji C.A., Nosrati H., Nouraei H., Nowroozi A., Nunez-Samudio V., Nwatah V.E., Nzoputam C.I., Oancea B., Odukoya O.O., Oguntade A.S., Oh I.-H., Olagunju A.T., Olagunju T.O., Olakunde B.O., Oluwasanu M.M., Omar E., Omar Bali A., Ong S., Onwujekwe O.E., Ortega-Altamirano D.V., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S.S., Oumer B., Owolabi M.O., P A M., Padron-Monedero A., Padubidri J.R., Pakshir K., Pana A., Pandey A., Pardhan S., Pashazadeh Kan F., Pasovic M., Patel J.R., Pati S., Pattanshetty S.M., Paudel U., Pereira R.B., Peres M.F.P., Perianayagam A., Postma M.J., Pourjafar H., Pourshams A., Prashant A., Pulakunta T., Qadir M.M.F.F., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Radfar A., Radhakrishnan R.A., Rafiee A., Rafiei A., Rafiei S., Rahim F., Rahimzadeh S., Rahman M., Rahman M.A., Rahmani A.M., Rajesh A., Ramezani-Doroh V., Ranabhat K., Ranasinghe P., Rao C.R., Rao S.J., Rashedi S., Rashidi M., Rashidi M.-M., Rath G.K., Rawaf D.L., Rawaf S., Rawal L., Rawassizadeh R., Razeghinia M.S., Regasa M.T., Renzaho A.M.N., Rezaei M., Rezaei N., Rezaeian M., Rezapour A., Rezazadeh-Khadem S., Riad A., Rios Lopez L.E., Rodriguez J.A.B., Ronfani L., Roshandel G., Rwegerera G.M., Saber-Ayad M.M., Sabour S., Saddik B., Sadeghi E., Sadeghian S., Saeed U., Sahebkar A., Saif-Ur-Rahman K.M., Sajadi S.M., Salahi S., Salehi S., Salem M.R., Salimzadeh H., Samy A.M., Sanabria J., Sanmarchi F., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Sawhney M., Sawyer S.M., Saylan M., Schneider I.J.C., Seidu A.-A., Sekerija M., Sendo E.G., Sepanlou S.G., Seylani A., Seyoum K., Sha F., Shafaat O., Shaikh M.A., Shamsoddin E., Shannawaz M., Sharma R., Sheikhbahaei S., Shetty A., Shetty B.S.K., Shetty P.H., Shin J.I., Shirkoohi R., Shivakumar K.M., Shobeiri P., Siabani S., Sibhat M.M., Siddappa Malleshappa S.K., Sidemo N.B., Silva D.A.S., Silva Julian G., Singh A.D., Singh J.A., Singh J.K., Singh S., Sinke A.H., Sintayehu Y., Skryabin V.Y., Skryabina A.A., Smith L., Sofi-Mahmudi A., Soltani-Zangbar M.S., Song S., Spurlock E.E., Steiropoulos P., Straif K., Subedi R., Sufiyan M.B., Suliankatchi Abdulkader R., Sultana S., Szerencses V., Szocska M., Tabaeian S.P., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabary M., Tabuchi T., Tadbiri H., Taheri M., Taherkhani A., Takahashi K., Tampa M., Tan K.-K., Tat V.Y., Tavakoli A., Tbakhi A., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Temsah M.-H., Tesfay F.H., Tesfaye B., Thakur J.S., Thapar R., Thavamani A., Thiyagarajan A., Thomas N., Tobe-Gai R., Togtmol M., Tohidast S.A., Tohidinik H.R., Tolani M.A., Tollosa D.N., Touvier M., Tovani-Palone M.R., Traini E., Tran B.X., Tran M.T.N., Tripathy J.P., Tusa B.S., Ukke G.G., Ullah I., Ullah S., Umapathi K.K., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Ushula T.W., Vacante M., Valadan Tahbaz S., Varthya S.B., Veroux M., Villeneuve P.J., Violante F.S., Vlassov V., Vu G.T., Waheed Y., Wang N., Ward P., Weldesenbet A.B., Wen Y.F., Westerman R., Winkler A.S., Wubishet B.L., Xu S., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S.H., Yang L., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yazie T.S., Yehualashet S.S., Yeshaneh A., Yeshaw Y., Yirdaw B.W., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Yousefi Z., Yu C., Yunusa I., Zadnik V., Zahir M., Zahirian Moghadam T., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zandian H., Zare F., Zastrozhin M.S., Zastrozhina A., Zhang J., Zhang Z.-J., Ziapour A., Zoladl M., Murray C.J.L., Fitzmaurice C., Bleyer A., Bhakta N., Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Helsinki, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities, St. Baldrick's Foundation, NIH - National Cancer Institute (NCI) (Estados Unidos), Epidemiologie, and RS: NUTRIM - R3 - Respiratory & Age-related Health
Subjects: adolescent cancer, global burden of disease, epidemiology, Adult, Male, Adolescent, 3122 Cancers, UNITED-STATES, Disability-Adjusted Life Year, Adolescents, Socioeconomic Factor, Global Health, Global Burden of Disease, Young Adult, Life Expectancy, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Risk Factors, WORLDWIDE, Neoplasms, Cause of Death, Prevalence, Humans, 1112 Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Mortality, Cancer burden analyses, Cancer, ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA, disease, Global burden, OUTCOMES, CHILDHOOD-CANCER, Incidence, Risk Factor, the GBD 2019 methodology, Disability-Adjusted Life Years, GBD 2019 Adolescent Young Adult Cancer Collaborators, CARE, Cancer control efforts, Socioeconomic Factors, Oncology, Neoplasm, Female, Young adults, Human
Abstract: Funding: J A Loureiro acknowledges support from Base Funding UIDB/00511/2020 of the LEPABE funded by national funds through the FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) and Scientific Employment Stimulus (FCT) [CEECINST/00049/2018]. Background: In estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact. Comprehensive estimates of the global cancer burden in adolescents and young adults (aged 15–39 years) are lacking. To address this gap, we analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, with a focus on the outcome of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform global cancer control measures in adolescents and young adults. Methods: Using the GBD 2019 methodology, international mortality data were collected from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and population-based cancer registry inputs modelled with mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Incidence was computed with mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated using modelled survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated as age-specific cancer deaths multiplied by the standard life expectancy at the age of death. The main outcome was DALYs (the sum of YLLs and YLDs). Estimates were presented globally and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles (countries ranked and divided into five equal SDI groups), and all estimates were presented with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). For this analysis, we used the age range of 15–39 years to define adolescents and young adults. Findings: There were 1·19 million (95% UI 1·11–1·28) incident cancer cases and 396 000 (370 000–425 000) deaths due to cancer among people aged 15–39 years worldwide in 2019. The highest age-standardised incidence rates occurred in high SDI (59·6 [54·5–65·7] per 100 000 person-years) and high-middle SDI countries (53·2 [48·8–57·9] per 100 000 person-years), while the highest age-standardised mortality rates were in low-middle SDI (14·2 [12·9–15·6] per 100 000 person-years) and middle SDI (13·6 [12·6–14·8] per 100 000 person-years) countries. In 2019, adolescent and young adult cancers contributed 23·5 million (21·9–25·2) DALYs to the global burden of disease, of which 2·7% (1·9–3·6) came from YLDs and 97·3% (96·4–98·1) from YLLs. Cancer was the fourth leading cause of death and tenth leading cause of DALYs in adolescents and young adults globally. Interpretation: Adolescent and young adult cancers contributed substantially to the overall adolescent and young adult disease burden globally in 2019. These results provide new insights into the distribution and magnitude of the adolescent and young adult cancer burden around the world. With notable differences observed across SDI settings, these estimates can inform global and country-level cancer control efforts. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities, St Baldrick's Foundation, and the National Cancer Institute. publishersversion published
Published: 2022
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15. Clinical significance of prognostic nutrition index in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19: Results from single‐center experience with systematic review and meta‐analysis

Author: Sina Rashedi, Samira Kafan, Farhad Najmeddin, Haleh Ashraf, Reza Shariat Moharari, Mohammad Keykhaei, Marzieh Pazoki, Mahnaz Montazeri, Niloufar Peirovi, Atabak Najafi, Seyed Aboozar Jazayeri, and Mehdi Kashani
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Cross-sectional study, Hospitalized patients, Medicine (miscellaneous), patient outcomes, Single Center, Clinical Research, COVID‐19, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Clinical significance, Nutrition and Dietetics, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, COVID-19, Odds ratio, Prognosis, medicine.disease, mortality, Cross-Sectional Studies, Nutrition Assessment, inflammation, meta‐analysis, Meta-analysis, risk indicators, business
Abstract: Background We aimed to ascertain risk indicators of in‐hospital mortality and severity as well as to provide a comprehensive systematic review and meta‐analysis to investigate the prognostic significance of the prognostic nutrition index (PNI) as a predictor of adverse outcomes in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients. Methods In this cross‐sectional study, we studied patients with COVID‐19 who were referred to our hospital from February 16 to November 1, 2020. Patients with either a real‐time reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction test that was positive for COVID‐19 or high clinical suspicion based on the World Health Organization (WHO) interim guidance were enrolled. A parallel systematic review/meta‐analysis (in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) was performed. Results A total of 504 hospitalized COVID‐19 patients were included in this study, among which 101 (20.04%) patients died during hospitalization, and 372 (73.81%) patients were categorized as severe cases. At a multivariable level, lower PNI, higher lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and higher D‐dimer levels were independent risk indicators of in‐hospital mortality. Additionally, patients with a history of diabetes, lower PNI, and higher LDH levels had a higher tendency to develop severe disease. The meta‐analysis indicated the PNI as an independent predictor of in‐hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 0.80; P < .001) and disease severity (OR = 0.78; P = .009). Conclusion Our results emphasized the predictive value of the PNI in the prognosis of patients with COVID‐19, necessitating the implementation of a risk stratification index based on PNI values in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19.
Published: 2021
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16. Ameliorating quercetin constraints in cancer therapy with pH-responsive agarose-polyvinylpyrrolidone -hydroxyapatite nanocomposite encapsulated in double nanoemulsion

Author: Mona Navaei-Nigjeh, Tatiane Eufrasio-da-silva, Hamid Rashedi, Mehrab Pourmadadi, Fatemeh Yazdian, and Amirmasoud Samadi
Subjects: Nanoparticle, Antineoplastic Agents, Apoptosis, 02 engineering and technology, Biochemistry, Nanocomposites, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Nanocapsules, Structural Biology, medicine, Humans, Solubility, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Nanocomposite, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, Sepharose, technology, industry, and agriculture, Povidone, General Medicine, Polymer, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Drug Liberation, Smart Materials, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Drug delivery, MCF-7 Cells, Agarose, Quercetin, Hydroxyapatites, Nanocarriers, 0210 nano-technology, medicine.drug
Abstract: Despite quercetin (QC) promising features for cancer therapy, low solubility, poor permeability, and short biological half-life time significantly confine its application in cancer therapy. In this study, a novel approach is developed to improve loading efficiency and attain quercetin sustained-release concurrently. In this direction, hydrogel nanocomposite of agarose (AG)-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-hydroxyapatite (HAp) was loaded with QC. Incorporating HAp nanoparticles in the AG-PVP hydrogel improved the loading efficiency up to 61%. Also, the interactions between nanoparticle, drug, and hydrogel polymers rendered the nanocomposite pH-responsive at acidic conditions and controlled the burst release at neutral conditions. Then, QC-loaded hydrogel was encapsulated into the water in oil in water nanoemulsions to further sustain the drug release. As a result, the pH-responsive release of QC with prolonged-release over 96 h was observed. In more detail, according to the Korsmeyer-Peppas mathematical model, the mechanism of release was anomalous (diffusion-controlled) at pH 7.4 and anomalous transport (dissolution-controlled) at pH 5.4. The presence of all nanocomposite components was confirmed with FTIR analysis, and XRD results approved the incorporation of QC in the fabricated nanocomposite. The homogeneous surface of the nanocomposite in FESEM images showed good compatibility between components. The zeta potential analysis confirmed the good stability of the nanocarriers. Besides, the fabricated AG-PVP-HAp-QC platform showed significant cytotoxicity on MCF-7 cells compared to QC as a free drug (p < 0.001) and to quercetin-loaded AG-PVP (AG-PVP-QC) (p < 0.001) with enhanced apoptosis induction after the addition of HAp. Accordingly, this delivery platform ameliorated loading and sustained-release of QC, as well as its anticancer activity by releasing the drug at an effective therapeutic level over a long period to induce apoptosis. Thus, turning this drug delivery system into a potential candidate for further biomedical applications.
Published: 2021
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17. Synthesis and characterization of chitosan/polyvinylpyrrolidone coated nanoporous γ-Alumina as a pH-sensitive carrier for controlled release of quercetin

Author: Mehrab Pourmadadi, Hooman Fatoorehchi, Hamid Rashedi, Elnaz Nematollahi, Mona Navaei Nigjeh, and Fatemeh Yazdian
Subjects: Drug Compounding, Dispersity, Nanoparticle, Apoptosis, Breast Neoplasms, 02 engineering and technology, Biochemistry, Chitosan, Nanopores, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Structural Biology, Aluminum Oxide, medicine, Humans, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Drug Carriers, 0303 health sciences, Nanocomposite, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, Chemistry, Nanoporous, technology, industry, and agriculture, Povidone, General Medicine, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, equipment and supplies, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic, Controlled release, Drug Liberation, Kinetics, Chemical engineering, Delayed-Action Preparations, Drug delivery, MCF-7 Cells, Female, Quercetin, 0210 nano-technology, medicine.drug
Abstract: pH-sensitive drug delivery systems based on amphiphilic copolymers constitute a promising strategy to overcome some challenges to cancer treatment. In the present study, quercetin-loaded chitosan/polyvinylpyrrolidone/γ-Alumina nanocomposite was fabricated through a double oil in water emulsification method for the first time. γ-Alumina was incorporated to improve the drug loading efficiency and release behavior of polyvinylpyrrolidone and chitosan copolymeric hydrogel. γ-Alumina nanoparticles were obtained by the sol-gel method with a nanoporous structure, high surface area, and hydroxyl-rich surface. Quercetin, a natural anticancer agent, was loaded into the nanocomposite as a drug model. XRD and FTIR analyses confirmed the crystalline properties and chemical bonding of the prepared nanocomposite. The size of drug-loaded nanocomposites was 141 nm with monodisperse particle distribution, having a spherical shape approved by DLS analysis and FE-SEM, respectively. Incorporating γ-Alumina nanoparticles improved the encapsulation efficiency up to 95%. Besides, swelling study and the quercetin release profile demonstrated that γ-Alumina ameliorated pH sensitivity of nanocomposite and a targeted controlled release was obtained. Various release kinetic models were applied to the experimental release data to study the mechanism of drug release. Through MTT assay and flow cytometry, the quercetin-loaded nanocomposite showed significant cytotoxicity on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Also, the enhanced apoptotic cell death confirmed the anticancer activity of γ-Alumina. These results suggest that the chitosan/polyvinylpyrrolidone/γ-Alumina nanocomposite is a novel pH-sensitive drug delivery system for anticancer applications.
Published: 2021
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18. IFN-γ and TNF-α Gene Polymorphisms in Multiple Sclerosis Patients in Northwest Iran

Author: Manouchehr Fadaee, Nima Najafi-Ghalehlou, Vahid Asgharzadeh, Mahya Pourostadi, Behroz Mahdavi Poor, Mehdi Farhoudi, Jalil Rashedi, Hossein Samadi Kafil, Mohammad Asgharzadeh, and Ali Vegari
Subjects: Multiple Sclerosis, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Population, Locus (genetics), Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Iran, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Risk Assessment, Interferon-gamma, Gene Frequency, Risk Factors, Genotype, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, SNP, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Interferon gamma, Allele, education, Gene, Genetic Association Studies, education.field_of_study, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Case-Control Studies, Immunology, medicine.drug
Abstract: Background: Cytokines are polypeptides that play critical roles in immune responses. Gene polymorphisms occurring in the inflammatory cytokines are taking a role in autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), which may induce inappropriate immune responses. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the allelic and genotypic frequencies of interferon gamma gene (IFN-γ) at +874A/T locus and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) at+308A/G locus in MS patients of Azeri population. Methods: At first, a questionnaire was prepared for each of 240 healthy, non-relative, and 152 Azeri MS patients before obtaining the blood sample from all subjects. After DNA extraction, the frequency of alleles and genotypes of the IFN-γ and TNF-α genes at +874A/T and -308G/A loci, respectively, were determined by allele-specific PCR method. Finally, the frequencies were compared between control and MS patients by chi-square test (x2-test) and p Results: In the IFN-γ +874A/T gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), the most allelic and genotypic frequencies in MS patients were the A allele, 55.26% (p=0.04) and the AT genotype, 52.63% (p=0.048). In healthy individuals, it was 65.42% for the A allele and 45.42% for the AA genotype. For the TNF-α 308 G/A SNP, the highest allelic and genotypic frequencies in MS patients were the G allele with 55.92% (p Conclusion: Head trauma, the infection with the herpes virus and Mycoplasma pneumonia, frequent colds and high consumption of canned foods provide grounds for MS. The T allele in the IFN-γ gene (+874) and the genotypes of AA and AG at the TNF-α gene (-308) at the position-308 were considered as potential risk factors for MS. Therefore, the polymorphisms in cytokine genes and following changes in their expression levels can be effective in susceptibility to MS.
Published: 2021
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19. Circular <scp>RNAs</scp> as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers in renal cell carcinoma

Author: Sina Rashedi, Mahta Mardani, Ali Rafati, Mohammad Mahdi Khavandi, Fatemeh Mohammadi, Salar Javanshir, Rojin Sarallah, Mahsa Dolatshahi, Mohammadmahdi Sabahi, Sina Azadnajafabad, Hamed Tavolinejad, and Nima Rezaei
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Biochemistry (medical), Clinical Biochemistry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, RNA, Circular, Hematology, Prognosis, Kidney Neoplasms, Medical Laboratory Technology, Biomarkers, Tumor, Carcinogens, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Carcinoma, Renal Cell
Abstract: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play pivotal roles in proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells. This study is aimed to systematically summarize the current evidence regarding the clinical implications of circRNAs in RCC patients.A systematic search in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was performed until January 1, 2022. The correlation between the expression of circRNAs and clinicopathological, prognostic, and diagnostic features of RCC was evaluated using the meta-analysis.Ultimately, 41 studies with 3485 RCC patients were included in this study: 26 studies for clinicopathological features, 31 studies for prognosis, and eight studies for diagnosis. Altered expression of circRNAs was significantly associated with clinicopathological characteristics of RCC, including tumor size, tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and TNM stage. The tumor promoter circRNAs were associated with reduced overall survival (OS) (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.68-2.34) and disease/progression/recurrence-free survival (DFS/PFS/RFS) (HR = 2.34, 95% CI 1.85-2.97). Contrarily, the tumor suppressor circRNAs were linked with better OS (HR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.40-0.60) and DFS/PFS/RFS (HR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.28-0.59). The pooled sensitivity and specificity of circRNAs for RCC diagnosis in tissue samples were both 0.84. These results in fluid samples (serum and urine) were 0.78 and 0.69, respectively.CircRNAs can serve as promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for RCC.
Published: 2022
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20. Control and Management of Pubic Lice, a Sexually Transmitted Infection, Using a Simple and Safe Method

Author: Hossein Jalaei Nobari, Behroz Mahdavi Poor, Jalil Rashedi, and Mohammad Asgharzadeh
Subjects: Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Phthiraptera, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Animals, Humans, Lice Infestations, General Psychology
Published: 2022

21. Chitosan/Gamma-Alumina/Fe

Author: Narges, Ajalli, Mehrab, Pourmadadi, Fatemeh, Yazdian, Hamid, Rashedi, Mona, Navaei-Nigjeh, and Ana M, Díez-Pascual
Subjects: Chitosan, Drug Carriers, X-Ray Diffraction, Neoplasms, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Aluminum Oxide, Humans, Nanoparticles, Fluorouracil
Abstract: Today, cancer treatment is an important issue in the medical world due to the challenges and side effects of ongoing treatment procedures. Current methods can be replaced with targeted nano-drug delivery systems to overcome such side effects. In the present work, an intelligent nano-system consisting of Chitosan (Ch)/Gamma alumina (γAl)/Fe
Published: 2022

22. Hearing loss prevalence and years lived with disability, 1990-2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Rezaul Karim Ripon, Lydia M. Haile, Richard C. Franklin, Virginia Núñez-Samudio, Sonali G. Choudhari, Chythra R Rao, Maria Inês Schmidt, Jeff T. Zhao, Hanadi Al Hamad, Bing-Fang Hwang, Christopher R. Cederroth, Howard J. Hoffman, Naohiro Yonemoto, Rajaa Al-Raddadi, Avina Vongpradith, David Laith Rawaf, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Maja Pasovic, Ismail Tareque, Alessandra Lugo, Theo Vos, Rabia Hussain, Golnaz Heidari, Tarik A. Rashid, Ghozali Ghozali, Stephen S Lim, Bay Vo, Emma Elizabeth Spurlock, Himal Kandel, Jitendra Singh, Adrian Davis, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Houman Sotoudeh, Arif Mohammed, Rekha Thapar, Mohammad Rabiee, Florian Fischer, Deepika Singhal, Haroon Ahmed, Irina Filip, Michael Ekholuenetale, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Abdallah M. Samy, Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Ionela-Roxana Glavan, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Bruce Bartholow Duncan, Aziz Rezapour, Jalal Arabloo, Sahel Valadan Tahbaz, Chuanhua Yu, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Vahid Rashedi, Shrikant Pawar, Shelly Chadha, Mahaveer Golechha, Bach Xuan Tran, Jaimie D Steinmetz, Deepak Dhamnetiya, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Masood Ali Shaikh, Charlie Ashbaugh, Stany W. Lobo, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Biruk Wogayehu Taddele, Baye Dagnew, Walter Mendoza, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Turki Alanzi, Sandhya Neupane Kandel, Kebadnew Mulatu Mihretie, Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar, Jasvinder A. Singh, Veer Bala Gupta, Maheswar Satpathy, Ali H. Mokdad, Simon I. Hay, Sadia Bibi, Louis Jacob, Christopher J L Murray, Liaqat Ali, Keyvan Pakshir, Allen Seylani, Andre M. N. Renzaho, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Till Bärnighausen, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Voilet Rodrigues, Vahit Yigit, Mohammed Shannawaz, Mohammad Ali Moni, Ali Yadollahpour, Rose G Bender, Victor M. Oguoma, Rohollah Kalhor, Saif Ullah, Mohammad Zamani, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Mowafa Househ, Milena Santric-Milicevic, Juwel Rana, Fakher Rahim, Soraya Siabani, Mokhtar Mohammadi, Bolajoko O. Olusanya, Khezar Hayat, Teroj Abdulrahman Mohamed, Palash Chandra Banik, Nikha Bhardwaj, Brijesh Sathian, Fahad Alanezi, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Hans Orru, Nawzad K. Al-Salihi, Navid Rabiee, Xuefeng Liu, Iván Landires, Paul S Briant, Jost B. Jonas, Mayowa O. Owolabi, Zhi Jiang Zhang, Farhad Ghamari, Vahid Alipour, Sowmya J. Rao, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Desta Debalkie Atnafu, Lalit Dandona, Molly R Nixon, Rovshan Khalilov, Ai Koyanagi, Silvano Gallus, Saad M.A. Dahlawi, Salman Rawaf, Mohammad Abdollahi, Ted R. 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Heidari G., Hoffman H.J., Hopf K.P., Hosseinzadeh M., Househ M., Hussain R., Hwang B.-F., Iavicoli I., Ibitoye S.E., Ilesanmi O.S., Irvani S.S.N., Islam S.M.S., Iwagami M., Jacob L., Jayapal S.K., Jha R.P., Jonas J.B., Kalhor R., Al-Salihi N.K., Kandel H., Kasa A.S., Kayode G.A., Khalilov R., Khan E.A., Khatib M.N., Kosen S., Koyanagi A., Kumar G.A., Landires I., Lasrado S., Lim S.S., Liu X., Lobo S.W., Lugo A., Makki A., Mendoza W., Mersha A.G., Mihretie K.M., Miller T.R., Misra S., Mohamed T.A., Mohammadi M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammed A., Mokdad A.H., Moni M.A., Kandel S.N., Nguyen H.L.T., Nixon M.R., Noubiap J.J., Nunez-Samudio V., Oancea B., Oguoma V.M., Olagunju A.T., Olusanya B.O., Olusanya J.O., Orru H., Owolabi M.O., Padubidri J.R., Pakshir K., Pardhan S., Kan F.P., Pasovic M., Pawar S., Pham H.Q., Pinheiro M., Pourshams A., Rabiee N., Rabiee M., Radfar A., Rahim F., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Ur Rahman M.H., Rahman M., Rahmani A.M., Rana J., Rao C.R., Rao S.J., Rashedi V., Rawaf D.L., Rawaf S., Renzaho A.M.N., Rezapour A., Ripon R.K., Rodrigues V., Rustagi N., Saeed U., Sahebkar A., Samy A.M., Santric-Milicevic M.M., Sathian B., Satpathy M., Sawhney M., Schlee W., Schmidt M.I., Seylani A., Shaikh M.A., Shannawaz M., Shiferaw W.S., Siabani S., Singal A., Singh J.A., Singh J.K., Singhal D., Skryabin V.Y., Skryabina A.A., Sotoudeh H., Spurlock E.E., Taddele B.W., Tamiru A.T., Tareque M.I., Thapar R., Tovani-Palone M.R., Tran B.X., Ullah S., Tahbaz S.V., Violante F.S., Vlassov V., Vo B., Vongpradith A., Vu G.T., Wei J., Yadollahpour A., Jabbari S.H.Y., Yeshaw Y., Yigit V., Yirdaw B.W., Yonemoto N., Yu C., Yunusa I., Zamani M., Zastrozhin M.S., Zastrozhina A., Zhang Z.-J., Zhao J.T., Murray C.J.L., Davis A.C., Vos T., Chadha S., Haile, Lydia M, Kamenov, Kaloyan, Briant, Paul Svitil, Orji, Aislyn U, Steinmetz, Jaimie D, Abdoli, Amir, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Afshin, Ashkan, Ahmed, Haroon, Ahmed Rashid, Tarik, Akalu, Yona, Alahdab, Fare, 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Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammed, Arif, Mokdad, Ali H, Moni, Mohammad Ali, Neupane Kandel, Sandhya, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nixon, Molly R, Noubiap, Jean Jacque, Nuñez-Samudio, Virginia, Oancea, Bogdan, Oguoma, Victor Maduabuchi, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Orru, Han, Owolabi, Mayowa O, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Pakshir, Keyvan, Pardhan, Shahina, Pashazadeh Kan, Fatemeh, Pasovic, Maja, Pawar, Shrikant, Pham, Hai Quang, Pinheiro, Marina, Pourshams, Akram, Rabiee, Navid, Rabiee, Mohammad, Radfar, Amir, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Mosiur, Rahmani, Amir Masoud, Rana, Juwel, Rao, Chythra R, Rao, Sowmya J, Rashedi, Vahid, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Renzaho, Andre M N, Rezapour, Aziz, Ripon, Rezaul Karim, Rodrigues, Voilet, Rustagi, Neeti, Saeed, Umar, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Samy, Abdallah M, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, Sathian, Brijesh, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawhney, Monika, Schlee, 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Subjects: Hearing aid, Male, Hearing loss, medicine.medical_treatment, Psychological intervention, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Affect (psychology), Health Services Accessibility, Global Burden of Disease, 03 medical and health sciences, Tinnitus, Medicine, General & Internal, 0302 clinical medicine, Neonatal Screening, Hearing Aids, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Hearing, General & Internal Medicine, Health care, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Prevalence, Medicine, Humans, Age Factor, Disabled Persons, 030212 general & internal medicine, Hearing Loss, Hearing Lo, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Science & Technology, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Age Factors, Infant, GBD 2019 Hearing Loss Collaborators, General Medicine, Articles, medicine.disease, Otitis, Hearing Aid, Cytomegalovirus Infections, Disabled Person, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Human, Demography
Abstract: © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Hearing loss affects access to spoken language, which can affect cognition and development, and can negatively affect social wellbeing. We present updated estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study on the prevalence of hearing loss in 2019, as well as the condition's associated disability. Methods: We did systematic reviews of population-representative surveys on hearing loss prevalence from 1990 to 2019. We fitted nested meta-regression models for severity-specific prevalence, accounting for hearing aid coverage, cause, and the presence of tinnitus. We also forecasted the prevalence of hearing loss until 2050. Findings: An estimated 1·57 billion (95% uncertainty interval 1·51–1·64) people globally had hearing loss in 2019, accounting for one in five people (20·3% [19·5–21·1]). Of these, 403·3 million (357·3–449·5) people had hearing loss that was moderate or higher in severity after adjusting for hearing aid use, and 430·4 million (381·7–479·6) without adjustment. The largest number of people with moderate-to-complete hearing loss resided in the Western Pacific region (127·1 million people [112·3–142·6]). Of all people with a hearing impairment, 62·1% (60·2–63·9) were older than 50 years. The Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index explained 65·8% of the variation in national age-standardised rates of years lived with disability, because countries with a low HAQ Index had higher rates of years lived with disability. By 2050, a projected 2·45 billion (2·35–2·56) people will have hearing loss, a 56·1% (47·3–65·2) increase from 2019, despite stable age-standardised prevalence. Interpretation: As populations age, the number of people with hearing loss will increase. Interventions such as childhood screening, hearing aids, effective management of otitis media and meningitis, and cochlear implants have the potential to ameliorate this burden. Because the burden of moderate-to-complete hearing loss is concentrated in countries with low health-care quality and access, stronger health-care provision mechanisms are needed to reduce the burden of unaddressed hearing loss in these settings. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and WHO.
Published: 2020

23. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Soufiane Boufous, Yousef Veisani, Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Getachew Mullu Kassa, Edward J Mills, Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi, William James Dangel, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Catherine O. Johnson, Gregory A. Roth, Giuseppe Gorini, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Alberto Ortiz, Samad Azari, Assefa Ayalew Ayalew Ayalew Gebreslassie, Salime Goharinezhad, Stephanie R. M. Zimsen, Peng Zheng, Michael Assmus, Elisabetta Pupillo, Bach Xuan Tran, Lal B. Rawal, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Noushin Mohammadifard, Stephen S Lim, Ata Rafiee, Maria Inês Schmidt, Vincent C. Iannucci, Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo, Leah E. Cahill, Tauseef Ahmad, Platon D. Lopukhov, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Abdullah Al Mamun, Iqbal R. F. Elyazar, Giovanni Damiani, Mohammad Hossein Bakhshaei, Mehdi Fazlzadeh, Virginia Núñez-Samudio, Alyssa Pennini, Dietrich Plass, Atkilt Esaiyas Etisso, Gebre Teklemariam Demoz, Alexandrea Watson, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Paul S Briant, Frank B. Osei, Blair R. Bumgarner, Maciej Banach, Ravensara S. Travillian, Kai-Lan Chang, Shirin Djalalinia, Hasan Yusefzadeh, Silvano Gallus, Seyyed Meysam Mousavi, Bernhard T. Baune, Aaron van Donkelaar, Azeem Majeed, Hans Kromhout, Robert Ancuceanu, Blessing J. Akombi, Pushpendra Singh, Nayu Ikeda, William M. Gardner, Zahid A Butt, Mohammad Abdollahi, Temesgen Yihunie Akalu, Rahman Shiri, Benn Sartorius, Ai-Min Wu, Bing Fang Hwang, Flavia M. Cicuttini, Hiroyasu Iso, Luis Camera, Amin Soheili, Félix Carvalho, Yun Jin Kim, Caleb Mackay Salpeter Irvine, Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Iman Halvaei, Saqib Ali, Giulio Castelpietra, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Ali Kazemi Karyani, Parkes J Kendrick, Hamidreza Haririan, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Jeff T. 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Lotufo, Nasir Salam, Binyam Minuye Birihane, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Tomislav Mestrovic, Samer Hamidi, Rajesh Sagar, Mayowa O. Owolabi, Kara Estep, Ester Cerin, Michael T. Chung, Simon Øverland, Amir Taherkhani, Sheng Chia Chung, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Nikolaos Dervenis, Joan B. Soriano, Tahereh Javaheri, Victor Adekanmbi, Seid Tiku Mereta, Gbenga A. Kayode, Christopher R. Cederroth, Razique Anwer, Rajan Nikbakhsh, Kaja Abbas, Fatemeh Heydarpour, Louisa Degenhardt, Tahiya Alam, Mohammad Miri, Alibek Mereke, David Laith Rawaf, Ippazio Cosimo Antonazzo, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Desta Debalkie Atnafu, Davide Sattin, Moslem Soofi, Edris Hasanpoor, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Mika Kivimäki, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Joanna L Whisnant, Christopher J L Murray, Simin Mouodi, Alize J. Ferrari, Damian Santomauro, Katrin Burkart, Tudorel Andrei, Alberto Baldasseroni, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Valery L. Feigin, Nauman Khalid, Ewerton Cousin, S. Mohammad Sajadi, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo, Shankar M Bakkannavar, Themba G.G. Ginindza, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Sanjay Basu, Getinet Ayano, Paula Moraga, Soheil Hassanipour, Jason A. Anderson, Catherine Bisignano, Iyad Sultan, Deepak Kumar Pasupula, Keivan Ahmadi, Fariba Dorostkar, Rajeev Gupta, David M. Pereira, Mustafa Z. Younis, Adel Spotin, Rasmus Havmoeller, Yeshambel T. Nigatu, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Mithila Faruque, Alan D. Lopez, Shailesh Advani, Behshad Naghshtabrizi, Shane D. Morrison, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Konrad Pesudovs, Anna Gershberg Hayoon, Raaj Kishore Biswas, Reshmi Bhageerathy, H. Dean Hosgood, Giulia Carreras, Sarika Chaturvedi, James L. Fisher, In-Hwan Oh, G Anil Kumar, Christoph Nowak, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Puja C Rao, Marcel Ausloos, Ali Kabir, Rannveig Sigurvinsdottir, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Minh Nguyen, Ashkan Afshin, Payman Salamati, Colin Angus, Mona M. 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Mini, Christian Razo, Manuela L. Ferreira, Diego De Leo, Francesco Saverio Violante, Aristidis Tsatsakis, Zahra Sadat Dibaji Forooshani, Tea Lallukka, Dickson A. Amugsi, Anna Poznańska, Graeme J. Hankey, Kewal Krishan, Maryam Zamanian, Eirini Skiadaresi, Jai K Das, Felix Greaves, Tessa M. Pilz, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Mansour Ghafourifard, M. DeLang, Morteza Mahmoudi, Alton Lu, Brian J. Hall, Ravi Prakash Jha, David Edvardsson, Xiu Ju George Zhao, Farshad Farzadfar, Hadi Hassankhani, Samuel M. Ostroff, Gerhard Sulo, Keyghobad Ghadiri, Neeraj Bhala, Stefan Lorkowski, Mohammad Rabiee, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Rashid Abdi Guled, Abdallah M. Samy, Roman Topor-Madry, Michal Grivna, Afsaneh Arzani, Ayesha Humayun, Simin Liu, Maryam Khayamzadeh, Davoud Adham, Ahad Bakhtiari, Shafiu Mohammed, Paolo Lauriola, Abbas Mosapour, Sophia Emmons-Bell, Khurshid Alam, Rajat Das Gupta, Matilde Leonardi, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Jeffrey V. Lazarus, Mohamed M. 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S. B., Caetano Dos Santos, F. L., Camera, L. A., Elyazar, I. R. F., Ayalew Gebreslassie, A. A. A., Ginindza, T. G., Matin, B. K., Morgado-Da-Costa, J., Khaneghah, A. M., Mahesh, P. A., Toroudi, H. P., Syed, Z. Q., Salem, M. R., Skou, S. T., Tovani-Palone, M. R., Tudor Car, L. T., and Moghadam, T. Z.
Subjects: Male, Nutritional Sciences, Specific risk, Contaminación del Aire Interior, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Socioeconomic Factor, systematic analysis, Global Health, Body Mass Index, Global Burden of Disease, Health Risk Behavior, Health Risk Behaviors, Disease studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, METABOLIC RISKS, 030212 general & internal medicine, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Factores de Riesgo, 2. Zero hunger, education.field_of_study, Public health, Injuries, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, General Medicine, GBD, risck factors, attributable burden of disease, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, 3. Good health, Relative risk, Environmental health, Health, Hypertension, Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, Risk Factors, A990 Medicine and Dentistry not elsewhere classified, Female, Leading risk factors, Global Health Metrics, Cohort study, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Substance-Related Disorders, Population, UNITED-STATES, Risk Assessment, DIET, ITC-HYBRID, 03 medical and health sciences, Life Expectancy, MORTALITY, DISABILITY, POLLUTION, CLUSTERS, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, General & Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Global Burden of Disease Study, Risk factor, education, Global burden, business.industry, Risk Factor, Malnutrition, Klinisk medicin, Global Burden of Diseases, Environmental Exposure, medicine.disease, Enfermedades, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.00 [https], Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Years of potential life lost, Socioeconomic Factors, Risk factors, Disease study, Hyperglycemia, ITC-ISI-JOURNAL-ARTICLE, NA, Clinical Medicine, business, RA
Abstract: Background Rigorous analysis of levels and trends in exposure to leading risk factors and quantification of their effect on human health are important to identify where public health is making progress and in which cases current efforts are inadequate. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a standardised and comprehensive assessment of the magnitude of risk factor exposure, relative risk, and attributable burden of disease. Methods GBD 2019 estimated attributable mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 87 risk factors and combinations of risk factors, at the global level, regionally, and for 204 countries and territories. GBD uses a hierarchical list of risk factors so that specific risk factors (eg, sodium intake), and related aggregates (eg, diet quality), are both evaluated. This method has six analytical steps. (1) We included 560 risk-outcome pairs that met criteria for convincing or probable evidence on the basis of research studies. 12 risk-outcome pairs included in GBD 2017 no longer met inclusion criteria and 47 risk-outcome pairs for risks already included in GBD 2017 were added based on new evidence. (2) Relative risks were estimated as a function of exposure based on published systematic reviews, 81 systematic reviews done for GBD 2019, and meta-regression. (3) Levels of exposure in each age-sex-location-year included in the study were estimated based on all available data sources using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression method, or alternative methods. (4) We determined, from published trials or cohort studies, the level of exposure associated with minimum risk, called the theoretical minimum risk exposure level. (5) Attributable deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs were computed by multiplying population attributable fractions (PAFs) by the relevant outcome quantity for each age-sex-location-year. (6) PAFs and attributable burden for combinations of risk factors were estimated taking into account mediation of different risk factors through other risk factors. Across all six analytical steps, 30 652 distinct data sources were used in the analysis. Uncertainty in each step of the analysis was propagated into the final estimates of attributable burden. Exposure levels for dichotomous, polytomous, and continuous risk factors were summarised with use of the summary exposure value to facilitate comparisons over time, across location, and across risks. Because the entire time series from 1990 to 2019 has been re-estimated with use of consistent data and methods, these results supersede previously published GBD estimates of attributable burden. Findings The largest declines in risk exposure from 2010 to 2019 were among a set of risks that are strongly linked to social and economic development, including household air pollution; unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing; and child growth failure. Global declines also occurred for tobacco smoking and lead exposure. The largest increases in risk exposure were for ambient particulate matter pollution, drug use, high fasting plasma glucose, and high body-mass index. In 2019, the leading Level 2 risk factor globally for attributable deaths was high systolic blood pressure, which accounted for 10.8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9.51-12.1) deaths (19.2% [16.9-21.3] of all deaths in 2019), followed by tobacco (smoked, second-hand, and chewing), which accounted for 8.71 million (8.12-9.31) deaths (15.4% [14.6-16.2] of all deaths in 2019). The leading Level 2 risk factor for attributable DALYs globally in 2019 was child and maternal malnutrition, which largely affects health in the youngest age groups and accounted for 295 million (253-350) DALYs (11.6% [10.3-13.1] of all global DALYs that year). The risk factor burden varied considerably in 2019 between age groups and locations. Among children aged 0-9 years, the three leading detailed risk factors for attributable DALYs were all related to malnutrition. Iron deficiency was the leading risk factor for those aged 10-24 years, alcohol use for those aged 25-49 years, and high systolic blood pressure for those aged 50-74 years and 75 years and older. Interpretation Overall, the record for reducing exposure to harmful risks over the past three decades is poor. Success with reducing smoking and lead exposure through regulatory policy might point the way for a stronger role for public policy on other risks in addition to continued efforts to provide information on risk factor harm to the general public. Copyright (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Published: 2020
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24. Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017 : results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author: Giulio Castelpietra, Feng Sha, Khalid A Altirkawi, Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel, Ahmad Daryani, Ibrahim Abdollahpour, Simon I. Hay, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Erin B Hamilton, Kate E. LeGrand, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Ana-Laura Manda, Aziz Eftekhari, Irfan Ullah, Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah, Zichen Liu, Maida Umar, Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary, Marina Pinheiro, Farhad Ghamari, Milad Mohammadoo-Khorasani, Rajaram Yadav, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Ramesh Holla, Farzad Jalilian, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Omar Mukhtar Salman, Bayew Kelkay, Tanuj Kanchan, Irina Filip, Michael R. Phillips, Hamid Reza Tohidinik, Demelash Abewa Elemineh, Reza Malekzadeh, Tomasz Miazgowski, Diana Silva, Samath D Dharmaratne, Eleonora Dubljanin, Fatemeh Zare, Jasvinder A. Singh, Hagazi Gebremedhin Kassaye, Nathaniel J Henry, Venkatesh Maled, Girikumar Kumaresh, Alireza Rafiei, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Arielle Wilder Eagan, Merhawi Gebremedhin Tekle, Gholamreza Roshandel, Jeevan Pereira, Tinuke O Olagunju, Olatunde Aremu, Mohammad Zamani, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Lidia Morawska, Bayisa Abdissa Baye, Eduarda Fernandes, Feleke Mekonnen Demeke, Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali, Ibrahim A Khalil, Hafte Kahsay Kebede, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Yuichiro Yano, Haileab Fekadu Wolde, Antonio Maria Borzì, Delia Hendrie, Azeem Majeed, Vahid Rashedi, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Ilais Moreno Velásquez, Derrick A Bennett, Roba Khundkar, Mohammed Madadin, Biniyam Sahiledengle Geberemariyam, Parul Puri, Lidia Sanchez Riera, Yetunde O. John-Akinola, Jennifer Rickard, Saeed Shahabi, Tiffany K. Gill, Jemal Abdu Mohammed, Alessandra C. Goulart, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chowdhury, Roya Safari-Faramani, Pawan Faris, Farhad Moradpour, Guilherme Borges, Sadia Bibi, Bartosz Miazgowski, Wubalem Fekadu, Rakhi Dandona, Ali Reza Soltanian, Alaa Badawi, Amir Hasanzadeh, Hassan Haghparast Bidgoli, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Vinay Nangia, Gaurav Gupta, Farkhonde Salehi, Isabela M. Benseñor, Rekha Thapar, Yasser S. Amer, Naohiro Yonemoto, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Amanda J. Mason-Jones, Marcela Agudelo-Botero, Ashraf Nabhan, Saeed Safari, Lorainne Tudor Car, Ayman Grada, Stanislav S. Otstavnov, Keyvan Pakshir, Nefsu Awoke, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Adnan Kisa, Ghasem Azarian, Yogesh Sabde, Soufiane Boufous, Fatemeh Khosravi Shadmani, Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin, Heather Orpana, Narayan Bahadur Mahotra, Tripti Khanna, Peter Nyasulu, Tommi Vasankari, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Andrea Werdecker, Sanghamitra Pati, Rajan Nikbakhsh, Sorin Hostiuc, Prateek Rastogi, Xuefeng Liu, Manasi Kumar, Josip Car, Chuanhua Yu, Aziz Rezapour, Narayana Manjunatha, Ritesh G. Menezes, Michael K. Hole, Asadollah Gholamian, Pascual R. Valdez, Lorenzo Monasta, Amit Arora, Marek Majdan, Abraham Getachew Kelbore, Irini Chatziralli, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Mohammad Hassan Emamian, Filippo Ariani, Jeadran N. 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Haagsma, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Telma Zahirian Moghadam, Maseer Khan, Sezer Kisa, Basema Saddik, Ahad Bakhtiari, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi, Habibolah Khazaie, Ghulam Mustafa, Ata Rafiee, Benn Sartorius, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Area, HUS Neurocenter, Public Health, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, James SL, Violante FS, Vos T., Sálfræðideild (HR), Department of Psychology (RU), Samfélagssvið (HR), School of Social Sciences (RU), Háskólinn í Reykjavík, Reykjavik University, James, S, Castle, C, Dingels, Z, Fox, J, Hamilton, E, Liu, Z, S Roberts, N, Sylte, D, Henry, N, Legrand, K, Abdelalim, A, Abdoli, A, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, R, Abedi, A, Abosetugn, A, Abushouk, A, Adebayo, O, Agudelo-Botero, M, Ahmad, T, Ahmed, R, Ahmed, M, Eddine Aichour, M, Alahdab, F, Alamene, G, Alanezi, F, Alebel, A, Alema, N, Alghnam, S, Al-Hajj, S, Ali, B, Ali, S, Alikhani, M, Alinia, C, Alipour, 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O., Onwujekwe, O. E., Asante, K. O., Orpana, H. M., Ota, E., Otstavnov, N., Otstavnov, S. S., Mahesh, P. A., Padubidri, J. R., Pakhale, S., Pakshir, K., Panda-Jonas, S., Park, E. -K., Patel, S. K., Pathak, A., Pati, S., Patton, G. C., Paulos, K., Peden, A. E., Pepito, V. C. F., Pereira, J., Pham, H. Q., Phillips, M. R., Pinheiro, M., Polibin, R. V., Polinder, S., Poustchi, H., Prakash, S., Pribadi, D. R. A., Puri, P., Syed, Z. Q., Rabiee, M., Rabiee, N., Radfar, A., Rafay, A., Rafiee, A., Rafiei, A., Rahim, F., Rahimi, S., Rahimi-Movaghar, V., Rahman, M. A., Rajabpour-Sanati, A., Rajati, F., Rakovac, I., Ranganathan, K., Rao, S. J., Rashedi, V., Rastogi, P., Rathi, P., Rawaf, S., Rawal, L., Rawassizadeh, R., Renjith, V., Renzaho, A. M. N., Resnikoff, S., Rezapour, A., Ribeiro, A. I., Rickard, J., Gonzalez, C. M. R., Ronfani, L., Roshandel, G., Saad, A. M., Sabde, Y. D., Sabour, S., Saddik, B., Safari, S., Safari-Faramani, R., Safarpour, H., Safdarian, M., Mohammad Sajadi, S., Salamati, P., Salehi, F., Zahabi, S. S., Rashad Salem, M. R., Salem, H., Salman, O., Salz, I., Samy, A. M., Sanabria, J., Riera, L. S., Santric Milicevic, M. M., Sarker, A. R., Sarveazad, A., Sathian, B., Sawhney, M., Sawyer, S. M., Saxena, S., Sayyah, M., Schwebel, D. C., Seedat, S., Senthilkumaran, S., Sepanlou, S. G., Seyedmousavi, S., Sha, F., Shaahmadi, F., Shahabi, S., Shaikh, M. A., Shams-Beyranvand, M., Shamsizadeh, M., Sharif-Alhoseini, M., Sharifi, H., Sheikh, A., Shigematsu, M., Shin, J. I., Shiri, R., Siabani, S., Sigfusdottir, I. D., Singh, P. K., Singh, J. A., Sinha, D. N., Smarandache, C. -G., Smith, E. U. R., Soheili, A., Soleymani, B., Soltanian, A. R., Soriano, J. B., Sorrie, M. B., Soyiri, I. N., Stein, D. J., Stokes, M. A., Mu'Awiyyah, B. S., Suleria, H. A. R., Sykes, B. L., Tabares-Seisdedos, R., Tabb, K. M., Taddele, B. W., Tadesse, D. B., Tamiru, A. T., Tarigan, I. U., Tefera, Y. M., Tehrani-Banihashemi, A., Tekle, M. G., Tekulu, G. H., Tesema, A. K., Tesfay, B. E., Thapar, R., Tilahune, A. B., Tlaye, K. G., Tohidinik, H. R., Topor-Madry, R., Tran, B. X., Tran, K. B., Tripathy, J. P., Tsai, A. C., Car, L. T., Ullah, S., Ullah, I., Umar, M., Unnikrishnan, B., Upadhyay, E., Uthman, O. A., Valdez, P. R., Vasankari, T. J., Venketasubramanian, N., Violante, F. S., Vlassov, V., Waheed, Y., Weldesamuel, G. T., Werdecker, A., Wiangkham, T., Wolde, H. F., Woldeyes, D. H., Wondafrash, D. Z., Wondmeneh, T. G., Wondmieneh, A. B., Wu, A. -M., Yadav, R., Yadollahpour, A., Yano, Y., Yaya, S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V., Yip, P., Yisma, E., Yonemoto, N., Yoon, S. -J., Youm, Y., Younis, M. Z., Yousefi, Z., Yu, Y., Yu, C., Yusefzadeh, H., Moghadam, T. Z., Zaidi, Z., Zaman, S. B., Zamani, M., Zamanian, M., Zandian, H., Zarei, A., Zare, F., Zhang, Z. -J., Zhang, Y., Zodpey, S., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Degenhardt, L., Dharmaratne, S. D., Hay, S. I., Mokdad, A. H., Reiner, R. C., Sartorius, B., Vos, T., James, Spencer L, Castle, Chris D, Dingels, Zachary V, Fox, Jack T, Adema, Bereket Duko, Yisma, Engida, and Vos, Theo
Subjects: Dánarmein, Fötlun, Dánartíðni, Lífslíkur, Life expectancy, 1106 Human Movement and Sports Sciences, burden of disease, Global Health, Global Burden of Disease, 0302 clinical medicine, Quality-Adjusted Life Year, Global health, Medicine, LIFE EXPECTANCY, 030212 general & internal medicine, POPULATION, Cause of death, Original Research, RISK, education.field_of_study, Global disease burdens, Injuries, Sjúkdómar, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Population health, Burden of disease, Global, global, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, 3. Good health, Descriptive epidemiology, Lýðheilsa, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Public Health, TERRITORIES, descriptive epidemiology, Human, Population, 195 COUNTRIES, Humans, Life Expectancy, Morbidity, Wounds and Injuries, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 03 medical and health sciences, AGE, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Mortality, education, Disability, SEX-SPECIFIC MORTALITY, business.industry, Faraldsfræði, DISABILITY, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Quality-adjusted life year, Years of potential life lost, Áverkar, 1701 Psychology, Human medicine, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Demography
Abstract: Publisher's version (útgefin grein), Background Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries. Methods We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Findings In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505). Interpretation Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care., Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation OPP1152504, "Peer Reviewed"
Published: 2020
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25. Medication Adherence and Drug Attitude Amongst Male Patients with the Methamphetamine-Induced Psychotic Disorder After Discharge: A Three Months Follow Up Study

Author: Seied-Mohamadhosein Rezvaniardestani, Marzieh Asadi, Ruohollah Seddigh, Mohammadreza Shalbafan, Hamid Reza Ahmadkhaniha, Ali Lotfi, Nooshin Khademoreza, Amir-Abbas Keshavarz-Akhlaghi, and Vahid Rashedi
Subjects: Male, Drug, medicine.medical_specialty, media_common.quotation_subject, Medicine (miscellaneous), Medication adherence, Iran, Affect (psychology), Medication Adherence, Methamphetamine, Psychiatric medication, Humans, Medicine, Prospective Studies, Psychiatry, General Psychology, media_common, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, business.industry, After discharge, Patient Discharge, Psychotic Disorders, Male patient, Female, business, Follow-Up Studies, medicine.drug
Abstract: Medication adherence and attitudes toward psychiatric medication affect treatment outcome. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect and interaction of psychotic symptoms, sociodemographic factors, and attitudes concerning medication use with a three-month follow-up among methamphetamine-induced psychotic male patients. In this prospective, descriptive study, 42 male patients diagnosed with a methamphetamine-induced psychotic disorder were selected on the last day of their admission period in Iran Psychiatry Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Each patient was evaluated using the Persian version of the Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI-10), Medication Possession Ratio (MPR), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), as well as a sociodemographic questionnaire immediately, one month and three months after discharge. There was a significant difference in MPR between the first and third months. Moreover, the frequency of patients with a positive attitude toward their medications increased over time. Indeed, all participants stated a positive attitude at the last follow-up based on the DAI-10 cutoff. Based on our findings, medication adherence of male patients with methamphetamine-induced psychotic disorder should be an essential aspect of treatment after discharge from psychiatry inpatient wards, more specifically, through the first months.
Published: 2021
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26. Association of Interleukin-1 and Inteleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Gene Polymorphisms with Multiple Sclerosis in Azeri Population of Iran

Author: Zahra Ashrafi Jigheh, Behroz Mahdavi Poor, Jalil Rashedi, Fatemeh Khaki-Khatibi, Daryoush Savadi Oskouei, Nima Najafi-Ghalelou, Vahid Asgharzadeh, Ali Vegari, Mehdi Farhoudi, Hossein Samadi Kafil, Mohammad Asgharzadeh, and Manouchehr Fadaee
Subjects: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Multiple Sclerosis, Genotype, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Population, Iran, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Gene Frequency, Polymorphism (computer science), Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Allele, education, Allele frequency, Genetic Association Studies, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Feeding Behavior, medicine.disease, Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein, Variable number tandem repeat, 030104 developmental biology, Case-Control Studies, Immunology, Female, Gene polymorphism, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Interleukin-1
Abstract: Background: Cytokines as important mediators have a critical role in appropriate immune responses, the irregular production of which can lead to Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) triggers inflammatory responses. Function and production of the cytokine are influenced by IL-1 coding gene polymorphism and those antagonists gene polymorphism. Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible correlation between MS and IL-1 related alleles in Azeri population of Iran. Methods: Variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) genotypes of 150 MS patients and 220 healthy non-relative controls were determined. Result: n the healthy controls, genotype TT at IL-1A (-889) location was significantly higher than the MS patients (p=0.0001). However, a significant difference was not found between the two groups in genotypic/allelic frequency at IL- 1B+ 3953 location. Evaluation of the IL-1RA gene revealed that genotype 1/2, and genotype 1/3 were significantly higher in the healthy controls and MS patients, respectively. Our findings indicated that the consumption of fast-food in MS patients was significantly higher than controls (p= Conclusion: Polymorphisms of the IL-1B genes and common alleles of IL-1RA were not considered as risk factors for MS disease. However, genotype TT at IL-1A (-889) location and the rare allele of IL-1RA3 can be a potential risk factor for the disease. Furthermore, inappropriate dieting behaviors and consumption of fast-food can increase the risk of MS.
Published: 2020
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27. A head-worn display ('smart glasses') has adverse impacts on the dynamics of lateral position control during gait

Author: Maury A. Nussbaum, Alireza Sedighi, and Elaheh Rashedi
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Elementary cognitive task, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, Control (management), Biophysics, Walking, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Gait (human), Perception, medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Treadmill, Gait, media_common, Rehabilitation, 030229 sport sciences, medicine.disease, Lateral position, Motion sickness, Dynamics (music), Female, Smart Glasses, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Background Head-worn displays (e.g., “smart glasses”) are an emerging technology to provide information, and in many situations they might be used while walking. However, little evidence exists regarding the effects of head-worn displays on walking performance. We found earlier that “smart glasses” had smaller adverse effects on measures of gait variability in the anterior-posterior direction vs. other types of information displays. Participants, however, complained about motion sickness and perceived instability while using smart glasses. Research question Were the participants’ complaints a result of adverse effects of the smart glasses on the dynamics of lateral stepping and gait stability? Methods Twenty individuals walked on a treadmill in four different conditions; single-task walking, and three dual-task walking conditions, the latter using smart glasses, smartphone, and a paper-based system to provide secondary cognitive tasks. We assessed the dynamics of lateral stepping and gait stability using the goal equivalent manifold and maximum Lyapunov exponent, respectively. Results The dynamics of the lateral stepping were more adversely affected using smart glasses compared to the other types of information displays. However, stability measures revealed that the participants were more unstable when they used the smartphone and paper-based system. Significance Promising results in terms of stability and adaptability suggest that head-worn display technology is a potentially useful alternative to smartphones and other types of information displays for reducing the risk of a fall. Results regarding perceptions of instability and a loss of control over lateral stepping, however, imply that this technology requires further development prior to real-work implementations.
Published: 2020
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28. Perceived burden of dementia care, clinical, psychological and demographic characteristics of patients and primary caregivers in Iran

Author: Ruohollah Seddigh, Mahdiyeh Salehi, Behnam Shariati, Seyed Kazem Malakouti, Leila Kamalzadeh, Mostafa Almasi-Doghaee, Vahid Rashedi, and Masoud Ahmadzad Asl
Subjects: Gerontology, 050103 clinical psychology, medicine.medical_specialty, Family characteristics, Public health, 05 social sciences, Iran, medicine.disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Caregivers, mental disorders, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Humans, Dementia, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Psychology, Aged, Demography
Abstract: Caregiving for dependent older adults with dementia has become an important public health issue. However, not much is known about the caregiver experience for caregivers of patients with dementia in Iran. This study was designed to examine the relationship between variables pertaining to primary caregivers and patients and the level of perceived caregiver burden. The participants of this cross-sectional study were 60 caregiver and care-recipient pairs presented to Rasoul-e Akram hospital and Brain and Cognition Clinic, in Tehran, Iran. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI), the General health questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS), the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were used. Descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients
Published: 2020
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29. A mobile-based educational intervention on sexo-marital life in Iranian men with spinal cord injury: a randomized controlled trial

Author: Fatemeh Zarei, Ali Asghar Haeri-Mehrizi, Sedigheh Rashedi, Raziyeh Maasoumi, and Mahmoud Tavousi
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Sexual Behavior, medicine.medical_treatment, Iran, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, law, Intervention (counseling), medicine, Educational strategy, Humans, Spinal cord injury, Veterans Affairs, Spinal Cord Injuries, Sexual adjustment, Rehabilitation, business.industry, Repeated measures design, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Neurology, Physical therapy, Neurology (clinical), business
Abstract: STUDY DESIGN A randomized controlled trial. OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of a mobile-based educational intervention on sexo-marital life in Iranian men with spinal cord injury (SCI). SETTING Foundation of Martyrs and Veterans Affairs', "Spinal Cord Injury Association", and the "Protection Center of Spinal Cord Disables". METHODS Participants were men with SCI aged at least 18 years old. The effectiveness of a mobile App was evaluated on 70 married men with SCI. Sexual adjustment, sexual satisfaction, marital adjustment, and marital satisfaction were assessed by valid and reliable questionnaires at baseline, 4 and 8 weeks after the intervention. RESULTS The between-group mean difference (95% CI) of sexual adjustment (4.2, CI: 3.6-4.8) after 4 weeks as well as 8 weeks (8.6, CI: 7.6-9.5) after baseline was significant (P
Published: 2020
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30. Life cycle assessment of most widely adopted solar photovoltaic energy technologies by mid-point and end-point indicators of ReCiPe method

Author: Ahmad Rashedi and Taslima Khanam
Subjects: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Recipe, Photovoltaic system, Environmental engineering, Climate change, General Medicine, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, Natural resource, Electricity generation, Agricultural land, Quantum Dots, Cadmium Compounds, Solar Energy, Humans, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental science, Environmental impact assessment, Tellurium, Life-cycle assessment, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The present article focuses on a cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment (LCA) of the most widely adopted solar photovoltaic power generation technologies, viz., mono-crystalline silicon (mono-Si), multi-crystalline silicon (multi-Si), amorphous silicon (a-Si) and cadmium telluride (CdTe) energy technologies, based on ReCiPe life cycle impact assessment method. LCA is the most powerful environmental impact assessment tool from a product perspective and ReCiPe is one of the most advanced LCA methodologies with the broadest set of mid-point impact categories. More importantly, ReCiPe combines the strengths of both mid-point-based life cycle impact assessment approach of CML-IA, and end-point-based approach of Eco-indicator 99 methods. Accordingly, the LCA results of all four solar PV technologies have been evaluated and compared based on 18 mid-point impact indicators (viz., climate change, ozone depletion, terrestrial acidification, freshwater eutrophication, marine eutrophication, human toxicity, photochemical oxidant formation, particulate matter formation, terrestrial ecotoxicity, freshwater ecotoxicity, marine ecotoxicity, ionising radiation, agricultural land occupation, urban land occupation, natural land transformation, water depletion, metal depletion and fossil depletion), 3 end-point/damage indicators (viz., human health, ecosystems and cost increases in resource extraction) and a unified single score. The overall study has been conducted based on hierarchist perspective and according to the relevant ISO standards. Final results show that the CdTe thin-film solar plant carries the least environmental life cycle impact within the four PV technologies, sequentially followed by multi-Si, a-Si and mono-Si technology.
Published: 2020
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31. Regional myocardial strain by cardiac magnetic resonance feature tracking for detection of scar in ischemic heart disease

Author: Nina Rashedi, Roberto M. Lang, Konstantinos Stathogiannis, Amit R. Patel, and Victor Mor-Avi
Subjects: Gadolinium DTPA, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Systole, Heart Ventricles, Myocardial Infarction, Myocardial Ischemia, Biomedical Engineering, Biophysics, Contrast Media, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine, Sensitivity and Specificity, Ventricular Function, Left, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Cohort Studies, Coronary artery disease, Cicatrix, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, Cutoff, Late gadolinium enhancement, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, cardiovascular diseases, Myocardial infarction, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Ejection fraction, business.industry, Myocardium, Heart, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, ROC Curve, Myocardial strain, Linear Models, cardiovascular system, Cardiology, Feature tracking, Female, business, Cardiac magnetic resonance, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Although cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) can accurately quantify global left ventricular strain using feature tracking (FT), it has been suggested that FT cannot reliably quantify regional strain. We aimed to determine whether abnormalities in regional strain measured using FT can be detected within areas of myocardial scar and to determine the extent to which the regional strain measurement is impacted by LV ejection fraction (EF).We retrospectively studied 96 patients (46 with LVEF ≤ 40%, 50 with LVEF 40%) with coronary artery disease and a late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) pattern consistent with myocardial infarction, who underwent CMR imaging (1.5T). Regional peak systolic longitudinal and circumferential strains (RLS, RCS) were measured within LGE and non-LGE areas. Linear regression analysis was performed for strain in both areas against LVEF to determine whether the relationship between strain and LGE holds across the LV function spectrum. Receiver-operating curve (ROC) analysis was performed in 33 patients (derivation cohort) to optimize strain cutoff, which was tested in the remaining 63 patients (validation cohort) for its ability to differentiate LGE from non-LGE areas.Both RLS and RCS magnitudes were reduced in LGE areas: RLS = -10.4 ± 6.2% versus -21.0 ± 8.5% (p 0.001); RCS = -10.4 ± 6.0% versus -18.9 ± 8.6%, respectively (p 0.001), but there was considerable overlap between LGE and non-LGE areas. Linear regression revealed that it was partially driven by the natural dependence between strain and EF, suggesting that EF-corrected strain cutoff is needed to detect LGE. ROC analysis showed the ability of both RLS and RCS to differentiate LGE from non-LGE areas: area under curve 0.95 and 0.89, respectively. In the validation cohort, optimal cutoffs of RLS/EF = 0.36 and RCS/EF = 0.37 yielded sensitivity, specificity and accuracy 0.74-0.78.Abnormalities in RLS and RCS within areas of myocardial scar can be detected using CMR-FT; however, LVEF must be accounted for.
Published: 2020
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32. Circular RNA MYLK as a prognostic biomarker in patients with cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author: Roham Foroumadi, Sina Rashedi, Sara Asgarian, Mahta Mardani, Mohammad Keykhaei, Hossein Farrokhpour, Salar Javanshir, Rojin Sarallah, and Nima Rezaei
Subjects: Cancer Research, Oncology, Lymphatic Metastasis, Neoplasms, Calcium-Binding Proteins, Biomarkers, Tumor, Humans, RNA, Circular, Prognosis, Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase
Abstract: Circular RNA (circRNA) myosin light chain kinase (circMYLK) has recently received increasing attention in cancer biology. Several studies have suggested that circMYLK expression is linked to prognosis and clinicopathological characteristics of various malignancies.This study was carried out to systematically review the impact of circMYLK on the progression of multiple cancers and assess the significance of circMYLK in the prognosis and clinicopathological features of the patients.PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were systematically searched until July 2, 2021. For qualitative synthesis, the signaling pathways of circMYLK in the progression of different cancers were summarized. Regarding the meta-analysis, overall survival (OS) and eight clinicopathological characteristics of patients with cancers were addressed. Odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated to assess the association of circMYLK with prognostic and clinicopathological features.Twelve studies investigating the role of circMYLK in cancer progression met the inclusion criteria. Among these, seven studies investigated the prognostic significance of circMYLK, and nine studies ascertained the clinicopathological importance of circMYLK in patients with various malignancies. CircMYLK acts as a tumor promoter circRNA, leading to migration, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of neoplastic cells and inhibiting their apoptosis through interaction with several miRNAs and corresponding downstream signaling pathways. Overexpression of circMYLK was correlated with poor OS (HR = 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.52-2.02) and larger tumor size (OR = 2.90; 95% CI 1.03-8.15), higher T stage (OR = 2.49; 95% CI 1.20-5.18), lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.55; 95% CI 1.41-4.62), and higher TNM stage (OR = 4.62; 95% CI 2.99-7.14).CircMYLK is involved in the progression of numerous cancers via different signaling pathways. This circRNA can serve as a promising prognostic biomarker for several types of malignancies. Furthermore, high expression of circMYLK is associated with advanced clinicopathological characteristics in various tumors.
Published: 2022

33. A novel pH-responsive nanoniosomal emulsion for sustained release of curcumin from a chitosan-based nanocarrier: Emphasis on the concurrent improvement of loading, sustained release, and apoptosis induction

Author: Shabnam Haseli, Mehrab Pourmadadi, Amirmasoud Samadi, Fatemeh Yazdian, Majid Abdouss, Hamid Rashedi, and Mona Navaei‐Nigjeh
Subjects: Chitosan, Drug Carriers, Curcumin, Sepharose, Nanogels, Antineoplastic Agents, Apoptosis, Hydrogels, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Delayed-Action Preparations, Bentonite, Organometallic Compounds, Humans, Nanoparticles, Emulsions, Biotechnology
Abstract: Curcumin application as an anti-cancer drug is faced with several impediments. This study has developed a platform that facilitates the sustained release of curcumin, improves loading efficiency, and anti-cancer activity. Montmorillonite (MMT) nanoparticles were added to chitosan (CS)-agarose (Aga) hydrogel and then loaded with curcumin (Cur) to prepare a curcumin-loaded nanocomposite hydrogel. The loading capacity increased from 63% to 76% by adding MMT nanoparticles to a chitosan-agarose hydrogel. Loading the fabricated nanocomposite in the nanoniosomal emulsion resulted in sustained release of curcumin under acidic conditions. Release kinetics analysis showed diffusion and erosion are the dominant release mechanisms, indicating non-fickian (or anomalous) transport based on the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. FTIR spectra confirmed that all nanocomposite components were present in the fabricated nanocomposite. Besides, XRD results corroborated the amorphous structure of the prepared nanocomposite. Zeta potential results corroborated the stability of the fabricated nanocarrier. Cytotoxicity of the prepared CS-Aga-MMT-Cur on MCF-7 cells was comparable with that of curcumin-treated cells (p 0.001). Moreover, the percentage of apoptotic cells increased due to the enhanced release profile resulting from the addition of MMT to the hydrogel and the incorporation of the fabricated nanocomposite into the nanoniosomal emulsion. To recapitulate, the current delivery platform improved loading, sustained release, and curcumin anti-cancer effect. Hence, this platform could be a potential candidate to mitigate cancer therapy restrictions with curcumin.
Published: 2022

34. The effectiveness of pregabalin with or without agomelatine in the treatment of chronic low back pain: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial

Author: Seyed Mani Mahdavi, Behnam Shariati, Mohammadreza Shalbafan, Vahid Rashedi, Masoomeh Yarahmadi, Alireza Ghaznavi, and Shayan Amiri
Subjects: Pharmacology, Treatment Outcome, Double-Blind Method, Acetamides, Pregabalin, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Iran, Naphthalenes, Low Back Pain, Pain Measurement
Abstract: Background Although various pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments are available for the chronic low back pain (CLBP), there is no consensus on the best optimal treatment for this condition. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of co-administration of pregabalin and agomelatine versus pregabalin with placebo to treat CLBP. Methods Forty-six CLBP patients without the surgical indication referred to the outpatient orthopedic clinic of Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital, Tehran, Iran, were randomly divided into two study groups: Group A [pregabalin (75 mg twice per day) + placebo] and Group B [pregabalin (75 mg twice per day) + agomelatine (25 mg per night)]. Patients were evaluated at weeks 0, 4, and 8. Outcome measures were the Persian versions of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) interference scale, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36), and General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) were used. Results At weeks 4 and 8 after the intervention, all evaluated measures showed significant improvement in both study groups (P Conclusion Compared with the pregabalin and placebo, co-administration of pregabalin and agomelatine had no added effect on improving pain scores in CLBP patients. However, the patients’ general health was significantly improved after the combined administration of pregabalin and agomelatine. Trial registration The study protocol was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials before starting the study (NO.IRCT20200620047852N1, Registration date: 23/06/2020).
Published: 2022

35. Online closed-loop real-time tES-fMRI for brain modulation: A technical report

Author: Beni Mulyana, Aki Tsuchiyagaito, Masaya Misaki, Rayus Kuplicki, Jared Smith, Ghazaleh Soleimani, Ashkan Rashedi, Duke Shereen, Til Ole Bergman, Samuel Cheng, Martin P. Paulus, Jerzy Bodurka, and Hamed Ekhtiari
Subjects: Brain Mapping, Behavioral Neuroscience, Brain, Humans, Artifacts, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, tES, frontoparietal network, fMRI, optimization, closed-loop, executive control network, precision medicine
Abstract: Recent studies suggest that transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) can be performed during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The novel approach of using concurrent tES-fMRI to modulate and measure targeted brain activity/connectivity may provide unique insights into the causal interactions between the brain neural responses and psychiatric/neurologic signs and symptoms, and importantly, guide the development of new treatments. However, tES stimulation parameters to optimally influence the underlying brain activity may vary with respect to phase difference, frequency, intensity, and electrode's montage among individuals. Here, we propose a protocol for closed-loop tES-fMRI to optimize the frequency and phase difference of alternating current stimulation (tACS) for two nodes (frontal and parietal regions) in individual participants. We carefully considered the challenges in an online optimization of tES parameters with concurrent fMRI, specifically in its safety, artifact in fMRI image quality, online evaluation of the tES effect, and parameter optimization method, and we designed the protocol to run an effective study to enhance frontoparietal connectivity and working memory performance with the optimized tACS using closed-loop tES-fMRI. We provide technical details of the protocol, including electrode types, electrolytes, electrode montages, concurrent tES-fMRI hardware, online fMRI processing pipelines, and the optimization algorithm. We confirmed the implementation of this protocol worked successfully with a pilot experiment.
Published: 2022

36. Kinematic Analysis of 360° Turning in Stroke Survivors Using Wearable Motion Sensors

Author: Masoud Abdollahi, Pranav Madhav Kuber, Michael Shiraishi, Rahul Soangra, and Ehsan Rashedi
Subjects: motion analysis, inertial measurement unit, Chemical technology, Core Stability, TP1-1185, Vestibular System, Biochemistry, stroke, Article, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Biomechanical Phenomena, Analytical Chemistry, Wearable Electronic Devices, neurological disorder, turning, Activities of Daily Living, Humans, Survivors, Range of Motion, Articular, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Instrumentation
Abstract: Background: A stroke often bequeaths surviving patients with impaired neuromusculoskeletal systems subjecting them to increased risk of injury (e.g., due to falls) even during activities of daily living. The risk of injuries to such individuals can be related to alterations in their movement. Using inertial sensors to record the digital biomarkers during turning could reveal the relevant turning alterations. Objectives: In this study, movement alterations in stroke survivors (SS) were studied and compared to healthy individuals (HI) in the entire turning task due to its requirement of synergistic application of multiple bodily systems. Methods: The motion of 28 participants (14 SS, 14 HI) during turning was captured using a set of four Inertial Measurement Units, placed on their sternum, sacrum, and both shanks. The motion signals were segmented using the temporal and spatial segmentation of the data from the leading and trailing shanks. Several kinematic parameters, including the range of motion and angular velocity of the four body segments, turning time, the number of cycles involved in the turning task, and portion of the stance phase while turning, were extracted for each participant. Results: The results of temporal processing of the data and comparison between the SS and HI showed that SS had more cycles involved in turning, turn duration, stance phase, range of motion in flexion–extension, and lateral bending for sternum and sacrum (p-value < 0.035). However, HI exhibited larger angular velocity in flexion–extension for all four segments. The results of the spatial processing, in agreement with the prior method, showed no difference between the range of motion in flexion–extension of both shanks (p-value > 0.08). However, it revealed that the angular velocity of the shanks of leading and trailing legs in the direction of turn was more extensive in the HI (p-value < 0.01). Conclusions: The changes in upper/lower body segments of SS could be adequately identified and quantified by IMU sensors. The identified kinematic changes in SS, such as the lower flexion–extension angular velocity of the four body segments and larger lateral bending range of motion in sternum and sacrum compared to HI in turning, could be due to the lack of proper core stability and effect of turning on vestibular system of the participants. This research could facilitate the development of a targeted and efficient rehabilitation program focusing on the affected aspects of turning movement for the stroke community.
Published: 2022

37. The interactions between adipose tissue secretions and Parkinson's disease: The role of leptin

Author: Sara Ekraminasab, Mahsa Dolatshahi, Mohammadmahdi Sabahi, Mahta Mardani, and Sina Rashedi
Subjects: Leptin, Adipose Tissue, General Neuroscience, Hypothalamus, Humans, Insulin, Parkinson Disease
Abstract: Leptin is a hormone that regulates appetite by acting on receptors in the hypothalamus, where it modifies food intake to maintain equilibrium with the body energy resources. Leptin and its receptors are widely distributed in the central nervous system, suggesting that they may give neuronal survival signals. The potential of leptin to decrease/increase neuronal damage and neuronal plasticity in Parkinson's diseases (PD) is the subject of this review, which outlines our current knowledge of how leptin acts in the brain. Although leptin-mediated neuroprotective signalling results in neuronal death prevention, it can affect neuroinflammatory cascades and also neuronal plasticity which contribute to PD pathology. Other neuroprotective molecules, such as insulin and erythropoietin, share leptin-related signalling cascades, and therefore constitute a component of the neurotrophic effects mediated by endogenous hormones. With the evidence that leptin dysregulation causes increased neuronal vulnerability to damage in PD, using leptin as a target for therapeutic modification is an appealing and realistic option.
Published: 2021

38. Kinematic Assessment of Turning and Walking Tasks Among Stroke Survivors by Employing Wearable Sensors and Pressure Platform

Author: Masoud Abdollahi, Pranav Madhav Kuber, Christopher Hoang, Michael Shiraishi, Rahul Soangra, and Ehsan Rashedi
Subjects: Stroke, Wearable Electronic Devices, Humans, Survivors, Walking, Biomechanical Phenomena
Abstract: Stroke survivors often experience reduced movement capabilities due to alterations in their neuromusculoskeletal systems. Modern sensor technologies and motion analyses can facilitate the determination of these changes. Our work aims to assess the potential of using wearable motion sensors to analyze the movement of stroke survivors and identifying the affected functions. We recruited 10 participants (5 stroke survivors, 5 healthy individuals) and conducted a controlled laboratory evaluation for two of the most common daily activities: turning and walking. Among the extracted kinematic parameters, range of trunk and sacrum lateral bending in turning were significantly larger in stroke survivors (p-value0.02). However, no statistical difference in mean angular velocity and range of motion for trunk/sacrum/shank flexion-extension were obtained in the turning task. Our results also indicated that during walking, while there was no difference in swing time, double support portion of gait among the stroke group was significantly larger (p-value = 0.001). Outcomes of this investigation may help in designing new rehabilitation programs for stroke and other neurological disorders and/or in improving the efficacy of such programs.Clinical Relevance- This study may provide a better insight on the detailed functional differences between stroke survivors and healthy individuals which in turn could be used to develop a more efficient rehabilitation program for stroke community.
Published: 2021

39. Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: William M. Gardner, Rawlance Ndejjo, Govinda Prasad Dhungana, Fereshteh Ansari, Kathleen Pillsbury Hopf, João Pedro Silva, M. Mofizul Islam, Cong Zhu, Abdul Hafiz, Irmina Maria Michalek, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Leonardo Roever, Mustefa Glagn, Davood Anvari, Tessa M. Pilz, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Joel M. Francis, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Rakhi Dandona, Abbas Sheikhtaheri, Mansour Ghafourifard, Simon Øverland, David Laith Rawaf, Jaykaran Charan, Akram Pourshams, Mostafa Dianatinasab, Morteza Mahmoudi, Alton Lu, Alyssa N. Sbarra, Lorainne Tudor Car, Franz Castro, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Luca Ronfani, Marina Pinheiro, Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Hoa Thi Do, Whitney L. Teagle, Sofia Androudi, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, Myron Anthony Godinho, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Oluchi Ezekannagha, Getinet Ayano, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi, Kyle E. Simpson, Muluken Bekele Sorrie, Vivekanand Jha, Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Amr Hassan, Akine Eshete Abosetugn, Hailay Abrha Gesesew, Anna V. Korotkova, Brijesh Sathian, Marcello Tonelli, Olatunde Aremu, Mohammad Reza Salahshoor, Juan Jesus Carrero, Cameron J. Kneib, Ravi Prakash Jha, David H. Shaw, Hossein Samadi Kafil, Tanuj Kanchan, Khezar Hayat, Hamid Sharifi, Morteza Shamsizadeh, Muktar Omer Omer, Fatemeh Amiri, Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi, David Edvardsson, Xiu Ju George Zhao, Hannah Han, Leticia Avila-Burgos, Adam E. Berman, Jemal Abdu Mohammed, Thomas Pilgrim, Leila Doshmangir, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, David M. Pigott, Hadi Hassankhani, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Teklemariam Gultie, Arash Ziapour, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Ilse N. Dippenaar, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Emmanuela Gakidou, Abiyu Mekonnen Gebrehiwot, Maha El Tantawi, Xuefeng Liu, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Keyghobad Ghadiri, João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Behzad Karami Matin, Yunquan Zhang, Vera Marisa Costa, Iyad Sultan, Mostafa Hosseini, Abdulaziz Khalid Abu Haimed, Haidong Wang, Kaleab Alemayehu Zewdie, Celine M. Barthelemy, Hosna Janjani, Bartosz Miazgowski, Jobert Richie Nansseu, Arianna Maever L. Amit, John S. Ji, Ata Rafiee, Maria Inês Schmidt, Alireza Rafiei, Somayeh Bohlouli, Joana Morgado-da-Costa, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Pradyumna Agasthi, Tiffany K. Gill, Martin McKee, Khaled Khatab, Jae Il Shin, Animut Tagele Tamiru, Giancarlo Logroscino, Hassan Abolhassani, Syed Saoud Zaidi, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy, Garumma Tolu Feyissa, Ahmad Daryani, Ziyad Al-Aly, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel, Michael T. Chung, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Mehedi Hasan, Saeed Shahabi, Diep Ngoc Nguyen, Yohannes Kinfu, Nicholas L S Roberts, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Mika Shigematsu, Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado, Deepa Jahagirdar, Islam Y. Elgendy, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Tanvir M. 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Baune, Azeem Majeed, Luis Camera, Mohammad Ali Jahani, Hasan Yusefzadeh, Rahman Shiri, Massimo Cirillo, Nikita Otstavnov, Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Paolo Lauriola, Irfan Ullah, Aruna M Kamath, Maryam Mirzaei, Zabihollah Yousefi, Iman El Sayed, Mohammad Farahmand, Yetunde O. John-Akinola, Khem Narayan Pokhrel, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, Megan Knight, Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk, Teferi Mekonnen, Iván Landires, Robert G. Weintraub, Chukwudi A Nnaji, Lauren E. Schaeffer, Paulo A. Lotufo, Mehdi Naderi, Tomislav Mestrovic, André Faro, Mohsen Bayati, Raffaele Palladino, Shahin Soltani, Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov, Birhanu Geta Meharie, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Abdiwahab Hashi, Olatunji O. Adetokunboh, Dejana Braithwaite, Sergio I. Prada, Bárbara Niegia Garcia de Goulart, Reza Pourmirza Kalhori, Jee-Young Jasmine Choi, Ernoiz Antriyandarti, Ronny Westerman, Meghdad Pirsaheb, Paul S. F. Yip, Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Gebremariam Woldu, Rashmi Gupta, Onome Bright Oghenetega, Shane D. Morrison, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Marcel Ausloos, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, K M Shivakumar, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Archith Boloor, Aidin Abedi, Binyam Minuye Birihane, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Nihad A. Almasri, Simachew Animen Bante, Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solís, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Antonio Biondi, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Sarika Chaturvedi, Francesco Saverio Violante, Abhay Gaidhane, George A. Mensah, Naohiro Yonemoto, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Ebrahim Babaee, Saman Esmaeilnejad, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Avina Vongpradith, Javad Nazari, Amir Khater, Michael K. Hole, Ben Lacey, Razique Anwer, Łukasz Szumowski, Ai Koyanagi, Rajesh Sagar, Ali Rajabpour-Sanati, Seyed M Karimi, Yordanos Gizachew Yeshitila, Mona Pathak, Nithin Kumar, Masoud Foroutan, Mehdi Fazlzadeh, Anusha Ganapati Bhat, Abbas Mosapour, Kebede Deribe, Nermin Ghith, Vaman Kulkarni, Sanjay Zodpey, Asadollah Gholamian, Mohammed Shannawaz, Nancy Fullman, Benn Sartorius, Giulio Castelpietra, Ghulam Mustafa, Silvia Schiavolin, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Jeffrey D. Stanaway, Rafael Lozano, Christopher J L Murray, Guoqing Hu, Andrew M. Briggs, Ashish Badiye, Yousef Khader, Masoud Moghadaszadeh, Rahmatollah Moradzadeh, Valery L. Feigin, Claudia I. Mastrogiacomo, Emma Smith, Yasser Vasseghian, Saeed Amini, Asif Hanif, Achala Upendra Jayatilleke, Maryam Adabi, Sarah Wulf Hanson, Bhaskar Thakur, Ravi Mehrotra, Virginia Núñez-Samudio, Lalit Dandona, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Simon I. Hay, Kiirithio N. Ngari, Obinna Onwujekwe, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Lorenzo Monasta, Neda Kianipour, Khurshid Alam, Luisa Sorio Flor, Priya Rathi, Ali Bijani, Khalid A Altirkawi, Jaimie Adelson, Hamed Zandian, Frank Tanser, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, John Everett Mumford, Morteza Oladnabi, Telma Zahirian Moghadam, Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suárez, Masoud Moradi, Maseer Khan, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, Amy E. Peden, Dhirendra N Sinha, Shanshan Li, Shailesh Advani, Behshad Naghshtabrizi, Matilde Leonardi, Lope H Barrero, Nicholas Steel, Dinh-Toi Chu, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Pushpendra Singh, Adrian Otoiu, Fabrizio Tediosi, Yonas Getaye Tefera, Pawan Faris, George C. Patton, Christopher Troeger, Mohammed Madadin, Jeffrey V. Lazarus, Paul H. Lee, Mohammad Amin Bahrami, Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw, Emmanuel Wandera Okunga, Biniyam Sahiledengle Geberemariyam, Samer Hamidi, Young-Ho Khang, Rufus Akinyemi, Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh, Godfrey Mutashambara Rwegerera, Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Rupak Desai, Eduardo Bernabé, Jamal A. Yearwood, Nima Rezaei, Emerito Jose A. Faraon, Vasily Vlassov, Stanislav S. Otstavnov, Reed J D Sorensen, Elena V. Gnedovskaya, Johan Ärnlöv, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Tahereh Javaheri, Tamer H. Farag, Paolo Cortesi, Gbenga A. Kayode, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Manu Raj Mathur, Getie Lake Aynalem, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Doris V.V. Ortega-Altamirano, Giorgia Giussani, Liliana G Ciobanu, Suraj Bhattarai, Basema Saddik, Mustafa Z. Younis, Ensiyeh Jenabi, Ira Martopullo, Mohamed M. Gad, Kanyin L. Ong, Addisu Melese, Fotis Topouzis, Hanne Christensen, In-Hwan Oh, Arash Sarveazad, Shuhei Nomura, Peter Memiah, Sergej M. Ostojic, Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla, Dinesh Bhandari, Ahmed Omar Bali, Farahnaz Joukar, Arielle Wilder Eagan, Emma Elizabeth Spurlock, Ferrán Catalá-López, Caroline Stein, Jonathan M. Kocarnik, Stephen S Lim, Siamak Sabour, Kelly Compton, Shoaib Hassan, Rannveig Sigurvinsdottir, Claudiu Herteliu, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Muluken Altaye Ayza, Angela Y. Chang, Leila R Kalankesh, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Lal B. Rawal, Soewarta Kosen, Degena Bahrey Tadesse, Theo Vos, Paula Moraga, Soheil Hassanipour, Abdelrahman Ibrahim Abushouk, Oladimeji Adebayo, Mikk Jürisson, Tuomo J. Meretoja, Ireneous N. Soyiri, Carlo La Vecchia, Khalil Eskandari, Aziz Sheikh, Jagdish Khubchandani, James Leigh, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Stefan Kohler, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Michele Romoli, Jasvinder A. Singh, Neeraj Bedi, Ivo Iavicoli, Alyssa Pennini, Subas Neupane, Emmanuel Peprah, Sojib Bin Zaman, Marwa Rashad Salem, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Ramesh Holla, Bayisa Abdissa Baye, Robert Ancuceanu, Eduarda Fernandes, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Ettore Beghi, Quique Bassat, B Reshmi, Masood Ali Shaikh, Ionut Negoi, Peter Azzopardi, Florian Fischer, Kerem Shuval, Sorin Hostiuc, Hmwe H Kyu, Ver Bilano, Siddhesh Zadey, Davide Rasella, Vahid Alipour, Sowmya J. Rao, Radoslaw Sierpinski, Irina Filip, Michelle L. Bell, Malke Asaad, Ravensara S. Travillian, Christopher R. Cederroth, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Ashkan Afshin, Saqib Ali, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Saad M.A. Dahlawi, Hedayat Abbastabar, Zahid A Butt, Sagun Paudel, Vahid Rashedi, B. Suresh Kumar Shetty, Thomas R. Hird, Shokofeh Maleki, Atif Amin Baig, Reza Heidari-Soureshjani, Shaun Wen Huey Lee, Jorge R. Ledesma, Ai-Min Wu, Fablina Sharara, Zemenu Tadesse Tessema, Ratilal Lalloo, Rohollah Kalhor, Rosario Cárdenas, Amir Radfar, Salime Goharinezhad, Fereshteh Mehri, Katarzyna Kissimova-Skarbek, Spencer A. Pease, Diana Silva, Amir Hossein Goudarzian, Samath D Dharmaratne, Darshan B B, Mariya Vladimirovna Titova, Dickson A. Amugsi, Lee Ling Lim, Agegnehu Bante, Charles D.A. Wolfe, Majid A Almadi, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Nader Jahanmehr, Yuming Guo, Tauseef Ahmad, Platon D. Lopukhov, Takahiro Tabuchi, Nicholas J Kassebaum, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Ritesh G. Menezes, Giovanni Damiani, Delia Hendrie, Mostafa Amini-Rarani, Sanjay Basu, Mohammad Hossein Bakhshaei, Gholamreza Roshandel, Borhan Mansouri, Enrico Rubagotti, Anurag Agrawal, Alireza Esteghamati, Paramjit Gill, Graeme J. Hankey, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Bruce Bartholow Duncan, Silvano Gallus, Jeevan Pereira, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Giulia Carreras, Fariba Dorostkar, Pietro Ferrara, Andrea Farioli, Christoph Nowak, Ahmed I. Hasaballah, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Bolajoko O. Olusanya, Perminder S. Sachdev, Era Upadhyay, Tommi Vasankari, Susan M Sawyer, Adnan Kisa, Farshad Pourmalek, Kiomars Sharafi, Golnaz Heidari, Mohammad Abdollahi, Georges Nguefack-Tsague, Sajid Hameed, Sanni Yaya, Bach Xuan Tran, Ole Frithjof Norheim, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Ismail Tareque, Phetole Walter Mahasha, Kewal Krishan, Soraya Siabani, Aleksandr Y. Aravkin, Helena Ullyartha Pangaribuan, Maryam Zamanian, Joshua A. Salomon, Bianca S. Zlavog, Vinay Nangia, Falk Schwendicke, Takeshi Fukumoto, Hung Chak Ho, Jordan Weiss, Maha Atout, Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma, Efat Mohamadi, Nikolaos Dervenis, Joan B. Soriano, Syed Amir Gilani, Victor Adekanmbi, Marina Karanikolos, Alberto Raggi, Michael R.M. Abrigo, Weijia Fu, Reza Shirkoohi, Aditya Prasad Dash, Peng Jia, Masoumeh Sadeghi, Ashraf Nabhan, Isabela M. Benseñor, Morteza Jafarinia, Joht Singh Chandan, Usman Iqbal, Amira Shaheen, Deepak Saxena, Lauren B. Wilner, Nataliya A. Foigt, Jeadran N. Malagón-Rojas, David C. Schwebel, Gail Davey, Milena Ilic, Josep Maria Haro, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Stein Emil Vollset, Andrea Werdecker, Zahiruddin Quazi Syed, Yared Asmare Aynalem, Entezar Mehrabi Nasab, Yihun Mulugeta Alemu, Muhammad Ali, Mona M. Khater, Ehsan Sadeghi, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Pascual R. Valdez, Jennifer Rickard, Mark A. Stokes, Davide Sattin, Ewerton Cousin, Oliver J. Brady, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Mika Kivimäki, Andrew T Olagunju, Jost B. Jonas, Dian Kusuma, Goura Kishor Rath, Alberto Ortiz, Samad Azari, Nayu Ikeda, James L. Fisher, Peng Zheng, Elisabetta Pupillo, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo, Riaz Uddin, Ester Cerin, Amir Taherkhani, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Richard G. Wamai, Anders Larsson, Josephine W. Ngunjiri, Hosni Salem, Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Taraneh Yousefinezhadi, Srikanta Banerjee, Yang Xie, Yuichiro Yano, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Themba G. Ginindza, Manasi Kumar, Babak Moazen, Bing-Fang Hwang, Cristiana Abbafati, Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos, Juan Sanabria, Milena Santric-Milicevic, Carla Sofia e.Sá Farinha, Samuel B. Albertson, Chieh Han, Parvaiz A Koul, Foad Abd-Allah, Mojisola Oluwasanu, Mihaela Hostiuc, Chinwe Juliana Iwu, Colm McAlinden, Mohsen Naghavi, Maarten J. Postma, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Jalil Jaafari, Walter Mendoza, Abdulaziz M. Almulhim, Magdalene K. Walters, Ali H. Mokdad, Andre M. N. Renzaho, Catherine M. Antony, Ken Lee Chin, Ali A. 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K, Heidari, G, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Hendrie, D, Herteliu, C, Hird, T, Ho, H, Hole, M, Holla, R, Hollingsworth, B, Hoogar, P, Hopf, K, Horita, N, Hossain, N, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Hsieh, V, Hu, G, Huda, T, Humayun, A, Hwang, B, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, S, Ikeda, N, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Inbaraj, L, Iqbal, U, Irvani, S, Irvine, C, Islam, M, Islam, S, Islami, F, Iso, H, Iwu, C, Jaafari, J, Jadidi-Niaragh, F, Jafarinia, M, Jahagirdar, D, Jahani, M, Jahanmehr, N, Jakovljevic, M, Janjani, H, Javaheri, T, Jayatilleke, A, Jenabi, E, Jha, R, Jha, V, Ji, J, Jia, P, John-Akinola, Y, Jonas, J, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, J, Jürisson, M, Kabir, Z, Kalankesh, L, Kalhor, R, Kamath, A, Kanchan, T, Kapoor, N, Karami Matin, B, Karanikolos, M, Karimi, S, Kassebaum, N, Katikireddi, S, Kayode, G, Keiyoro, P, Khader, Y, Khammarnia, M, Khan, M, Khan, E, Khang, Y, Khatab, K, Khater, A, Khater, M, Khatib, M, Khayamzadeh, M, Khubchandani, J, Kianipour, N, Kim, Y, Kimokoti, R, Kinfu, Y, Kisa, A, Kissimova-Skarbek, K, Kivimäki, M, Kneib, C, Kocarnik, J, Kochhar, S, Kohler, S, Kopec, J, Korotkova, A, Korshunov, V, Kosen, S, Kotlo, A, Koul, P, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krohn, K, Kugbey, N, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, G, Kumar, N, Kumar, M, Kurmi, O, Kusuma, D, Kyu, H, La Vecchia, C, Lal, D, Lalloo, R, Landires, I, Lansingh, V, Larsson, A, Lasrado, S, Lau, K, Lauriola, P, Lazarus, J, Ledesma, J, Lee, P, Lee, S, Leever, A, Legrand, K, Leigh, J, Leonardi, M, Li, S, Lim, S, Lim, L, Liu, X, Logroscino, G, Lopez, A, Lopukhov, P, Lotufo, P, Lu, A, Ma, J, Madadin, M, Mahasha, P, Mahmoudi, M, Majeed, A, Malagón-Rojas, J, Maleki, S, Malta, D, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, M, Martini, S, Martins-Melo, F, Martopullo, I, Massenburg, B, Mastrogiacomo, C, Mathur, M, Mcalinden, C, Mckee, M, Medina-Solís, C, Meharie, B, Mehndiratta, M, Mehrabi Nasab, E, Mehri, F, Mehrotra, R, Mekonnen, T, Melese, A, Memiah, P, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mensah, G, Meretoja, T, Meretoja, A, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Michalek, I, Mirrakhimov, E, Mirzaei, M, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M, Mitchell, P, Moazen, B, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohamadi, E, Mohammad, Y, Mohammad, D, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, S, Mohammed, J, Mokdad, A, Monasta, L, Mondello, S, Moradi, M, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Morgado-da-Costa, J, Morrison, S, Mosapour, A, Mosser, J, Mousavi Khaneghah, A, Muriithi, M, Mustafa, G, Nabhan, A, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, A, Naghavi, M, Naghshtabrizi, B, Naimzada, M, Nangia, V, Nansseu, J, Nayak, V, Nazari, J, Ndejjo, R, Negoi, I, Negoi, R, Neupane, S, Ngari, K, Nguefack-Tsague, G, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, D, Nguyen, H, Nnaji, C, Nomura, S, Norheim, O, Noubiap, J, Nowak, C, Nunez-Samudio, V, Otoiu, A, Ogbo, F, Oghenetega, O, Oh, I, Okunga, E, Oladnabi, M, Olagunju, A, Olusanya, J, Olusanya, B, Oluwasanu, M, Omar Bali, A, Omer, M, Ong, K, Onwujekwe, O, Ortega-Altamirano, D, Ortiz, A, Ostojic, S, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, S, Øverland, S, Owolabi, M, Padubidri, J, Pakhale, S, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pangaribuan, H, Pathak, M, Patton, G, Paudel, S, Pazoki Toroudi, H, Pease, S, Peden, A, Pennini, A, Peprah, E, Pereira, J, Pigott, D, Pilgrim, T, Pilz, T, Pinheiro, M, Piradov, M, Pirsaheb, M, Pokhrel, K, Postma, M, Pourjafar, H, Pourmalek, F, Pourmirza Kalhori, R, Pourshams, A, Prada, S, Pribadi, D, Pupillo, E, Quazi Syed, Z, Radfar, A, Rafiee, A, Rafiei, A, Raggi, A, Rahim, F, Rahman, M, Rajabpour-Sanati, A, Rana, S, Ranabhat, C, Rao, S, Rasella, D, Rashedi, V, Rath, G, Rathi, P, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, D, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Razo, C, Renjith, V, Renzaho, A, Reshmi, B, Rezaei, N, Riahi, S, Ribeiro, D, Rickard, J, Roberts, N, Roever, L, Romoli, M, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Rubagotti, E, Rwegerera, G, Sabour, S, Sachdev, P, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, M, Sadeghi, E, Safari, Y, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, M, Sajadi, S, Salahshoor, M, Salem, M, Salem, H, Salomon, J, Samadi Kafil, H, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Santric-Milicevic, M, Saraswathy, S, Sarmiento-Suárez, R, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sathish, T, Sattin, D, Savic, M, Sawyer, S, Saxena, D, Sbarra, A, Schaeffer, L, Schiavolin, S, Schmidt, M, Schutte, A, Schwebel, D, Schwendicke, F, Seedat, S, Sha, F, Shahabi, S, Shaheen, A, Shaikh, M, Shamsizadeh, M, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sharara, F, Sharifi, H, Shaw, D, Sheikh, A, Sheikhtaheri, A, Shetty, B, Shibuya, K, Shiferaw, W, Shigematsu, M, Shin, J, Shiri, R, Shirkoohi, R, Shivakumar, K, Shrime, M, Shuval, K, Siabani, S, Sierpinski, R, Sigfusdottir, I, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Silva, D, Silva, J, Simonetti, B, Simpson, K, Singh, J, Singh, P, Sinha, D, Skryabin, V, Smith, E, Soheili, A, Soltani, S, Soofi, M, Sorensen, R, Soriano, J, Sorrie, M, Soyiri, I, Spurlock, E, Sreeramareddy, C, Stanaway, J, Steel, N, Stein, C, Stokes, M, Sufiyan, M, Suleria, H, Sultan, I, Szumowski, Ł, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Tabuchi, T, Tadakamadla, S, Taddele, B, Tadesse, D, Taherkhani, A, Tamiru, A, Tanser, F, Tareque, M, Tarigan, I, Teagle, W, Tediosi, F, Tefera, Y, Tela, F, Tessema, Z, Thakur, B, Titova, M, Tonelli, M, Topor-Madry, R, Topouzis, F, Tovani-Palone, M, Tran, B, Travillian, R, Troeger, C, Tudor Car, L, Uddin, R, Ullah, I, Umeokonkwo, C, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Uthman, O, Vacante, M, Valdez, P, Varughese, S, Vasankari, T, Vasseghian, Y, Venketasubramanian, N, Violante, F, Vlassov, V, Vollset, S, Vongpradith, A, Vos, T, Waheed, Y, Walters, M, Wamai, R, Wang, H, Wang, Y, Weintraub, R, Weiss, J, Werdecker, A, Westerman, R, Wilner, L, Woldu, G, Wolfe, C, Wu, A, Wulf Hanson, S, Xie, Y, Xu, R, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S, Yamagishi, K, Yano, Y, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yearwood, J, Yeshitila, Y, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Younis, M, Yousefi, Z, Yousefinezhadi, T, Yusefzadeh, H, Zadey, S, Zahirian Moghadam, T, Zaidi, S, Zaki, L, Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zandian, H, Zastrozhin, M, Zewdie, K, Zhang, Y, Zhao, X, Zhao, Y, Zheng, P, Zhu, C, Ziapour, A, Zlavog, B, Zodpey, S, Murray, C, Tampere University, Health Sciences, 10922180 - Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Lozano, R., Fullman, N., Mumford, J. E., Knight, M., Barthelemy, C. M., Abbafati, C., Abbastabar, H., Abd-Allah, F., Abdollahi, M., Abedi, A., Abolhassani, H., Abosetugn, A. E., Abreu, L. G., Abrigo, M. R. M., Abu Haimed, A. K., Abushouk, A. I., Adabi, M., Adebayo, O. M., Adekanmbi, V., Adelson, J., Adetokunboh, O. O., Adham, D., Advani, S. M., Afshin, A., Agarwal, G., Agasthi, P., Aghamir, S. M. K., Agrawal, A., Ahmad, T., Akinyemi, R. O., Alahdab, F., Al-Aly, Z., Alam, K., Albertson, S. B., Alemu, Y. M., Alhassan, R. K., Ali, M., Ali, S., Alipour, V., Aljunid, S. M., Alla, F., Almadi, M. A. H., Almasi, A., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Almasri, N. A., Al-Mekhlafi, H. M., Almulhim, A. M., Alonso, J., Al-Raddadi, R. M., Altirkawi, K. A., Alvis-Guzman, N., Alvis-Zakzuk, N. J., Amini, S., Amini-Rarani, M., Amiri, F., Amit, A. M. L., Amugsi, D. A., Ancuceanu, R., Anderlini, D., Andrei, C. L., Androudi, S., Ansari, F., Ansari-Moghaddam, A., Antonio, C. A. T., Antony, C. M., Antriyandarti, E., Anvari, D., Anwer, R., Arabloo, J., Arab-Zozani, M., Aravkin, A. Y., Aremu, O., Arnlov, J., Asaad, M., Asadi-Aliabadi, M., Asadi-Pooya, A. A., Athari, S. S., Atout, M. M. W., Ausloos, M., Avila-Burgos, L., Ayala Quintanilla, B. P., Ayano, G., Ayanore, M. A., Aynalem, Y. A., Aynalem, G. L., Ayza, M. A., Azari, S., Azzopardi, P. S., B, D. B., Babaee, E., Badiye, A. D., Bahrami, M. A., Baig, A. A., Bakhshaei, M. H., Bakhtiari, A., Bakkannavar, S. M., Balachandran, A., Banach, M., Banerjee, S. K., Banik, P. C., Bante, A. B., Bante, S. A., Barker-Collo, S. L., Barnighausen, T. W., Barrero, L. H., Bassat, Q., Basu, S., Baune, B. T., Bayati, M., Baye, B. A., Bedi, N., Beghi, E., Behzadifar, M., Bekuma, T. T. T., Bell, M. L., Bensenor, I. M., Berman, A. E., Bernabe, E., Bernstein, R. S., Bhagavathula, A. S., Bhandari, D., Bhardwaj, P., Bhat, A. G., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhattarai, S., Bhutta, Z. A., Bijani, A., Bikbov, B., Bilano, V., Biondi, A., Birihane, B. M., Bockarie, M. J., Bohlouli, S., Bojia, H. A., Bolla, S. R. R., Boloor, A., Brady, O. J., Braithwaite, D., Briggs, A. M., Briko, N. I., Burugina Nagaraja, S., Busse, R., Butt, Z. A., Caetano dos Santos, F. L., Cahuana-Hurtado, L., Camera, L. A., Cardenas, R., Carreras, G., Carrero, J. J., Carvalho, F., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., Castaneda-Orjuela, C. A., Castelpietra, G., Castro, F., Catala-Lopez, F., Cederroth, C. R., Cerin, E., Chandan, J. S., Chang, A. Y., Charan, J., Chattu, V. K., Chaturvedi, S., Chin, K. L., Cho, D. Y., Choi, J. -Y. J., Christensen, H., Chu, D. -T., Chung, M. T., Ciobanu, L. G., Cirillo, M., Compton, K., Cortesi, P. A., Costa, V. M., Cousin, E., Dahlawi, S. M. A., Damiani, G., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Darega Gela, J., Darwesh, A. M., Daryani, A., Dash, A. P., Davey, G., Davila-Cervantes, C. A., Davletov, K., De Neve, J. -W., Denova-Gutierrez, E., Deribe, K., Dervenis, N., Desai, R., Dharmaratne, S. D., Dhungana, G. P., Dianatinasab, M., Dias da Silva, D., Diaz, D., Dippenaar, I. N., Do, H. T., Dorostkar, F., Doshmangir, L., Duncan, B. B., Duraes, A. R., Eagan, A. W., Edvardsson, D., El Sayed, I., El Tantawi, M., Elgendy, I. Y., Elyazar, I. R., Eskandari, K., Eskandarieh, S., Esmaeilnejad, S., Esteghamati, A., Ezekannagha, O., Farag, T., Farahmand, M., Faraon, E. J. A., Farinha, C. S. E. S., Farioli, A., Faris, P. S., Faro, A., Fazlzadeh, M., Feigin, V. L., Fernandes, E., Ferrara, P., Feyissa, G. T., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Fisher, J. L., Flor, L. S., Foigt, N. A., Folayan, M. O., Fomenkov, A. A., Foroutan, M., Francis, J. M., Fu, W., Fukumoto, T., Furtado, J. M., Gad, M. M., Gaidhane, A. M., Gakidou, E., Galles, N. C., Gallus, S., Gardner, W. M., Geberemariyam, B. S., Gebrehiwot, A. M., Gebremeskel, L. G., Gebremeskel, G. G., Gesesew, H. A., Ghadiri, K., Ghafourifard, M., Ghashghaee, A., Ghith, N., Gholamian, A., Gilani, S. A., Gill, P. S., Gill, T. K., Ginindza, T. G., Gitimoghaddam, M., Giussani, G., Glagn, M., Gnedovskaya, E. V., Godinho, M. A., Goharinezhad, S., Gopalani, S. V., Goudarzian, A. H., Goulart, B. N. G., Gubari, M. I. M., Guimaraes, R. A., Guled, R. A., Gultie, T., Guo, Y., Gupta, R., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Hafiz, A., Haile, T. G., Hamadeh, R. R., Hameed, S., Hamidi, S., Han, C., Han, H., Handiso, D. W., Hanif, A., Hankey, G. J., Haro, J. M., Hasaballah, A. I., Hasan, M. M., Hashi, A., Hassan, S., Hassan, A., Hassanipour, S., Hassankhani, H., Havmoeller, R. J., Hay, S. I., Hayat, K., Heidari, G., Heidari-Soureshjani, R., Hendrie, D., Herteliu, C., Hird, T. R., Ho, H. C., Hole, M. K., Holla, R., Hoogar, P., Hopf, K. P., Horita, N., Hossain, N., Hosseini, M., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hostiuc, M., Hostiuc, S., Househ, M., Hsieh, V. C. -R., Hu, G., Huda, T. M., Humayun, A., Hwang, B. -F., Iavicoli, I., Ibitoye, S. E., Ikeda, N., Ilesanmi, O. S., Ilic, M. D., Inbaraj, L. R., Iqbal, U., Irvani, S. S. N., Irvine, C. M. S., Islam, M. M., Islam, S. M. S., Islami, F., Iso, H., Iwu, C. J., Jaafari, J., Jadidi-Niaragh, F., Jafarinia, M., Jahagirdar, D., Jahani, M. A., Jahanmehr, N., Jakovljevic, M., Janjani, H., Javaheri, T., Jayatilleke, A. U., Jenabi, E., Jha, R. P., Jha, V., Ji, J. S., Jia, P., John-Akinola, Y. O., Jonas, J. B., Joukar, F., Jozwiak, J. J., Jurisson, M., Kabir, Z., Kalankesh, L. R., Kalhor, R., Kamath, A. M., Kanchan, T., Kapoor, N., Karami Matin, B., Karanikolos, M., Karimi, S. M., Kassebaum, N. J., Katikireddi, S. V., Kayode, G. A., Keiyoro, P. N., Khader, Y. S., Khammarnia, M., Khan, M., Khan, E. A., Khang, Y. -H., Khatab, K., Khater, A. M., Khater, M. M., Khatib, M. N., Khayamzadeh, M., Khubchandani, J., Kianipour, N., Kim, Y. J., Kimokoti, R. W., Kinfu, Y., Kisa, A., Kissimova-Skarbek, K., Kivimaki, M., Kneib, C. J., Kocarnik, J. M., Kochhar, S., Kohler, S., Kopec, J. A., Korotkova, A. V., Korshunov, V. A., Kosen, S., Kotlo, A., Koul, P. A., Koyanagi, A., Krishan, K., Krohn, K. J., Kugbey, N., Kulkarni, V., Kumar, G. A., Kumar, N., Kumar, M., Kurmi, O. P., Kusuma, D., Kyu, H. H., La Vecchia, C., Lacey, B., Lal, D. K., Lalloo, R., Landires, I., Lansingh, V. C., Larsson, A. O., Lasrado, S., Lau, K. M. -M., Lauriola, P., Lazarus, J. V., Ledesma, J. R., Lee, P. H., Lee, S. W. H., Leever, A. T., Legrand, K. E., Leigh, J., Leonardi, M., Li, S., Lim, S. S., Lim, L. -L., Liu, X., Logroscino, G., Lopez, A. D., Lopukhov, P. D., Lotufo, P. A., Lu, A., Ma, J., Madadin, M., Mahasha, P. W., Mahmoudi, M., Majeed, A., Malagon-Rojas, J. N., Maleki, S., Malta, D. C., Mansouri, B., Mansournia, M. A., Martini, S., Martins-Melo, F. R., Martopullo, I., Massenburg, B. B., Mastrogiacomo, C. I., Mathur, M. R., Mcalinden, C., Mckee, M., Medina-Solis, C. E., Meharie, B. G., Mehndiratta, M. M., Mehrabi Nasab, E., Mehri, F., Mehrotra, R., Mekonnen, T., Melese, A., Memiah, P. T. N., Mendoza, W., Menezes, R. G., Mensah, G. A., Meretoja, T. J., Meretoja, A., Mestrovic, T., Miazgowski, B., Michalek, I. M., Mirrakhimov, E. M., Mirzaei, M., Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M., Mitchell, P. B., Moazen, B., Moghadaszadeh, M., Mohamadi, E., Mohammad, Y., Mohammad, D. K., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammed, S., Mohammed, J. A., Mokdad, A. H., Monasta, L., Mondello, S., Moradi, M., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Moradzadeh, R., Moraga, P., Morgado-da-Costa, J., Morrison, S. D., Mosapour, A., Mosser, J. F., Mousavi Khaneghah, A., Muriithi, M. K., Mustafa, G., Nabhan, A. F., Naderi, M., Nagarajan, A. J., Naghavi, M., Naghshtabrizi, B., Naimzada, M. D., Nangia, V., Nansseu, J. R., Nayak, V. C., Nazari, J., Ndejjo, R., Negoi, I., Negoi, R. I., Neupane, S., Ngari, K. N., Nguefack-Tsague, G., Ngunjiri, J. W., Nguyen, C. T., Nguyen, D. N., Nguyen, H. L. T., Nnaji, C. A., Nomura, S., Norheim, O. F., Noubiap, J. J., Nowak, C., Nunez-Samudio, V., Otoiu, A., Ogbo, F. A., Oghenetega, O. B., Oh, I. -H., Okunga, E. W., Oladnabi, M., Olagunju, A. T., Olusanya, J. O., Olusanya, B. O., Oluwasanu, M. M., Omar Bali, A., Omer, M. O., Ong, K. L., Onwujekwe, O. E., Ortega-Altamirano, D. V. V., Ortiz, A., Ostojic, S. M., Otstavnov, N., Otstavnov, S. S., Overland, S., Owolabi, M. O., Padubidri, J. R., Pakhale, S., Palladino, R., Pana, A., Panda-Jonas, S., Pangaribuan, H. U., Pathak, M., Patton, G. C., Paudel, S., Pazoki Toroudi, H., Pease, S. A., Peden, A. E., Pennini, A., Peprah, E. K., Pereira, J., Pigott, D. M., Pilgrim, T., Pilz, T. M., Pinheiro, M., Piradov, M. A., Pirsaheb, M., Pokhrel, K. N., Postma, M. J., Pourjafar, H., Pourmalek, F., Pourmirza Kalhori, R., Pourshams, A., Prada, S. I., Pribadi, D. R. A., Pupillo, E., Quazi Syed, Z., Radfar, A., Rafiee, A., Rafiei, A., Raggi, A., Rahim, F., Rahman, M. A., Rajabpour-Sanati, A., Rana, S. M., Ranabhat, C. L., Rao, S. J., Rasella, D., Rashedi, V., Rath, G. K., Rathi, P., Rawaf, S., Rawaf, D. 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Subjects: Index (economics), Servicios de Salud, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, universal health coverage, sustaibale develpment goal, global burden of disease, performance, systematic analysis, Global Burden of Disease, 0302 clinical medicine, Universal Health Insurance, RA0421, 11. Sustainability, Per capita, Medical economics, Disease, 030212 general & internal medicine, 10. No inequality, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, effective coverage of health services, GBD 2019 Universal Health Coverage Collaborators, education.field_of_study, Public health, Medical care, Sjúkdómar, 4. Education, 1. No poverty, Health coverage, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, General Medicine, Hälsovetenskaper, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, Health services, 3. Good health, Global burden of disease, Health Expenditures, Humans, World Health Organization, Purchasing power parity, Scale (social sciences), Lýðheilsa, universal health coverag, CANCER SURVIVAL, ACCESS, Human, Heilsuhagfræði, medicine.medical_specialty, Health coverage, GBD, GBD, Universal health, GBD 2019, Population, Health expenditures, 3122 Cancers, Population health, 03 medical and health sciences, Health systems, Heilbrigðisvísindi, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, General & Internal Medicine, Development economics, Health Sciences, medicine, Heilbrigðisstefna, Alþjóðaheilbrigðisstofnunin, QUALITY, Global Burden of Disease Study, education, PROGRESS, Disease burden, Health services accessibility, CARE, Heilbrigðisþjónusta, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.00 [https], Health Expenditure, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, Morbility, Administración de los Servicios de Salud, Medical policy, Business, Heilbrigðiskerfi
Abstract: Publisher's version (útgefin grein), Background Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) involves all people receiving the health services they need, of high quality, without experiencing financial hardship. Making progress towards UHC is a policy priority for both countries and global institutions, as highlighted by the agenda of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and WHO's Thirteenth General Programme of Work (GPW13). Measuring effective coverage at the health-system level is important for understanding whether health services are aligned with countries' health profiles and are of sufficient quality to produce health gains for populations of all ages. Methods Based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we assessed UHC effective coverage for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Drawing from a measurement framework developed through WHO's GPW13 consultation, we mapped 23 effective coverage indicators to a matrix representing health service types (eg, promotion, prevention, and treatment) and five population-age groups spanning from reproductive and newborn to older adults (>= 65 years). Effective coverage indicators were based on intervention coverage or outcome-based measures such as mortality-to-incidence ratios to approximate access to quality care; outcome-based measures were transformed to values on a scale of 0-100 based on the 2.5th and 97.5th percentile of location-year values. We constructed the UHC effective coverage index by weighting each effective coverage indicator relative to its associated potential health gains, as measured by disability-adjusted life-years for each location-year and population-age group. For three tests of validity (content, known-groups, and convergent), UHC effective coverage index performance was generally better than that of other UHC service coverage indices from WHO (ie, the current metric for SDG indicator 3.8.1 on UHC service coverage), the World Bank, and GBD 2017. We quantified frontiers of UHC effective coverage performance on the basis of pooled health spending per capita, representing UHC effective coverage index levels achieved in 2019 relative to country-level government health spending, prepaid private expenditures, and development assistance for health. To assess current trajectories towards the GPW13 UHC billion target-1 billion more people benefiting from UHC by 2023-we estimated additional population equivalents with UHC effective coverage from 2018 to 2023. Findings Globally, performance on the UHC effective coverage index improved from 45.8 (95% uncertainty interval 44.2-47.5) in 1990 to 60.3 (58.7-61.9) in 2019, yet country-level UHC effective coverage in 2019 still spanned from 95 or higher in Japan and Iceland to lower than 25 in Somalia and the Central African Republic. Since 2010, sub-Saharan Africa showed accelerated gains on the UHC effective coverage index (at an average increase of 2.6% [1.9-3.3] per year up to 2019); by contrast, most other GBD super-regions had slowed rates of progress in 2010-2019 relative to 1990-2010. Many countries showed lagging performance on effective coverage indicators for non-communicable diseases relative to those for communicable diseases and maternal and child health, despite non-communicable diseases accounting for a greater proportion of potential health gains in 2019, suggesting that many health systems are not keeping pace with the rising non-communicable disease burden and associated population health needs. In 2019, the UHC effective coverage index was associated with pooled health spending per capita (r=0.79), although countries across the development spectrum had much lower UHC effective coverage than is potentially achievable relative to their health spending. Under maximum efficiency of translating health spending into UHC effective coverage performance, countries would need to reach $1398 pooled health spending per capita (US$ adjusted for purchasing power parity) in order to achieve 80 on the UHC effective coverage index. From 2018 to 2023, an estimated 388.9 million (358.6-421.3) more population equivalents would have UHC effective coverage, falling well short of the GPW13 target of 1 billion more people benefiting from UHC during this time. Current projections point to an estimated 3.1 billion (3.0-3.2) population equivalents still lacking UHC effective coverage in 2023, with nearly a third (968.1 million [903.5-1040.3]) residing in south Asia. Interpretation The present study demonstrates the utility of measuring effective coverage and its role in supporting improved health outcomes for all people-the ultimate goal of UHC and its achievement. Global ambitions to accelerate progress on UHC service coverage are increasingly unlikely unless concerted action on non-communicable diseases occurs and countries can better translate health spending into improved performance. Focusing on effective coverage and accounting for the world's evolving health needs lays the groundwork for better understanding how close-or how far-all populations are in benefiting from UHC., Lucas Guimaraes Abreu acknowledges support from Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior -Brasil (Capes) -Finance Code 001, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) and Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG). Olatunji O Adetokunboh acknowledges South African Department of Science & Innovation, and National Research Foundation. Anurag Agrawal acknowledges support from the Wellcome Trust DBT India Alliance Senior Fellowship IA/CPHS/14/1/501489. Rufus Olusola Akinyemi acknowledges Grant U01HG010273 from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) as part of the H3Africa Consortium. Rufus Olusola Akinyemi is further supported by the FLAIR fellowship funded by the UK Royal Society and the African Academy of Sciences. Syed Mohamed Aljunid acknowledges the Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University and International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia for the approval and support to participate in this research project. Marcel Ausloos, Claudiu Herteliu, and Adrian Pana acknowledge partial support by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDSUEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084. Till Winfried Barnighausen acknowledges support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Juan J Carrero was supported by the Swedish Research Council (2019-01059). Felix Carvalho acknowledges UID/MULTI/04378/2019 and UID/QUI/50006/2019 support with funding from FCT/MCTES through national funds. Vera Marisa Costa acknowledges support from grant (SFRH/BHD/110001/2015), received by Portuguese national funds through Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT), IP, under the Norma TransitA3ria DL57/2016/CP1334/CT0006. Jan-Walter De Neve acknowledges support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. Kebede Deribe acknowledges support by Wellcome Trust grant number 201900/Z/16/Z as part of his International Intermediate Fellowship. Claudiu Herteliu acknowledges partial support by a grant co-funded by European Fund for Regional Development through Operational Program for Competitiveness, Project ID P_40_382. Praveen Hoogar acknowledges the Centre for Bio Cultural Studies (CBiCS), Manipal Academy of Higher Education(MAHE), Manipal and Centre for Holistic Development and Research (CHDR), Kalghatgi. Bing-Fang Hwang acknowledges support from China Medical University (CMU108-MF-95), Taichung, Taiwan. Mihajlo Jakovljevic acknowledges the Serbian part of this GBD contribution was co-funded through the Grant OI175014 of the Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. Aruna M Kamath acknowledges funding from the National Institutes of Health T32 grant (T32GM086270). Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi acknowledges funding from the Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12017/13 & MC_UU_12017/15), Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office (SPHSU13 & SPHSU15) and an NRS Senior Clinical Fellowship (SCAF/15/02). Yun Jin Kim acknowledges support from the Research Management Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia (XMUMRF/2018-C2/ITCM/0001). Kewal Krishan acknowledges support from the DST PURSE grant and UGC Center of Advanced Study (CAS II) awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. Manasi Kumar acknowledges support from K43 TW010716 Fogarty International Center/NIMH. Ben Lacey acknowledges support from the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre and the BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford. Ivan Landires is a member of the Sistema Nacional de InvestigaciA3n (SNI), which is supported by the Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia Tecnologia e Innovacion (SENACYT), Panama. Jeffrey V Lazarus acknowledges support by a Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities Miguel Servet grant (Instituto de Salud Carlos III/ESF, European Union [CP18/00074]). Peter T N Memiah acknowledges CODESRIA; HISTP. Subas Neupane acknowledges partial support from the Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility area of Tampere University Hospital. Shuhei Nomura acknowledges support from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (18K10082). Alberto Ortiz acknowledges support by ISCIII PI19/00815, DTS18/00032, ISCIII-RETIC REDinREN RD016/0009 Fondos FEDER, FRIAT, Comunidad de Madrid B2017/BMD-3686 CIFRA2-CM. These funding sources had no role in the writing of the manuscript or the decision to submit it for publication. George C Patton acknowledges support from a National Health & Medical Research Council Fellowship. Marina Pinheiro acknowledges support from FCT for funding through program DL 57/2016 -Norma transitA3ria. Alberto Raggi, David Sattin, and Silvia Schiavolin acknowledge support by a grant from the Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Corrente, Fondazione Istituto Neurologico C Besta, Linea 4 -Outcome Research: dagli Indicatori alle Raccomandazioni Cliniche). Daniel Cury Ribeiro acknowledges support from the Sir Charles Hercus Health Research Fellowship -Health Research Council of New Zealand (18/111). Perminder S Sachdev acknowledges funding from the NHMRC Australia. Abdallah M Samy acknowledges support from a fellowship from the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. Milena M Santric-Milicevic acknowledges support from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (Contract No. 175087). Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suarez acknowledges institutional support from University of Applied and Environmental Sciences in Bogota, Colombia, and Carlos III Institute of Health in Madrid, Spain. Maria Ines Schmidt acknowledges grants from the Foundation for the Support of Research of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (IATS and PrInt) and the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam acknowledges a fellowship from the National Heart Foundation of Australia and Deakin University. Aziz Sheikh acknowledges support from Health Data Research UK. Kenji Shibuya acknowledges Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Joan B Soriano acknowledges support by Centro de Investigacion en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. Rafael Tabares-Seisdedos acknowledges partial support from grant PI17/00719 from ISCIII-FEDER. Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla acknowledges support from the National Health and Medical Research Council Early Career Fellowship, Australia. Marcello Tonelli acknowledges the David Freeze Chair in Health Services Research at the University of Calgary, AB, Canada., "Peer Reviewed"
Published: 2020
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40. Use of multidimensional item response theory methods for dementia prevalence prediction: an example using the Health and Retirement Survey and the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study

Author: Nichols E, Abd-Allah F, Abdoli A, Abualhasan A, Abu-Gharbieh E, Afshin A, Akinyemi R, Alanezi F, Alipour V, Almasi-Hashiani A, Arabloo J, Ashraf-Ganjouei A, Ayano G, Ayuso-Mateos J, Baig A, Banach M, Barboza M, Barker-Collo S, Baune B, Bhagavathula A, Bhattacharyya K, Bijani A, Biswas A, Boloor A, Brayne C, Brenner H, Burkart K, Nagaraja S, Carvalho F, Castro-de-Araujo L, Catala-Lopez F, Cerin E, Cherbuin N, Chu D, Dai X, De Sa A, Djalalinia S, Douiri A, Edvardsson D, El-Jaafary S, Eskandarieh S, Faro A, Farzadfar F, Feigin V, Fereshtehnejad S, Fernandes E, Ferrara P, Filip I, Fischer F, Gaidhane S, Galluzzo L, Gebremeskel G, Ghashghaee A, Gialluisi A, Gnedovskaya E, Golechha M, Gupta R, Hachinski V, Haider M, Haile T, Hamiduzzaman M, Hankey G, Hay S, Heidari G, Heidari-Soureshjani R, Ho H, Househ M, Hwang B, Iacoviello L, Ilesanmi O, Ilic I, Ilic M, Irvani S, Iwagami M, Iyamu I, Jha R, Kalani R, Karch A, Kasa A, Khader Y, Khan E, Khatib M, Kim Y, Kisa S, Kisa A, Kivimaki M, Koyanagi A, Kumar M, Landires I, Lasrado S, Li B, Lim S, Liu X, Kunjathur S, Majeed A, Malik P, Mehndiratta M, Menezes R, Mohammad Y, Mohammed S, Mokdad A, Moni M, Nagel G, Naveed M, Nayak V, Nguyen C, Nguyen H, Nunez-Samudio V, Olagunju A, Ostroff S, Otstavnov N, Owolabi M, Kan F, Patel U, Phillips M, Piradov M, Pond C, Pottoo F, Prada S, Radfar A, Rahim F, Rana J, Rashedi V, Rawaf S, Rawaf D, Reinig N, Renzaho A, Rezaei N, Rezapour A, Romoli M, Roshandel G, Sachdev P, Sahebkar A, Sahraian M, Samaei M, Saylan M, Sha F, Shaikh M, Shibuya K, Shigematsu M, Shin J, Shiri R, Silva D, Singh J, Singhal D, Skryabin V, Skryabina A, Soheili A, Sotoudeh H, Spurlock E, Szoeke C, Tabares-Seisdedos R, Taddele B, Tovani-Palone M, Tsegaye G, Vacante M, Venketasubramanian N, Vidale S, Vlassov V, Vu G, Wang Y, Weiss J, Weldemariam A, Westerman R, Wimo A, Winkler A, Wu C, Yadollahpour A, Yesiltepe M, Yonemoto N, Yu C, Zastrozhin M, Zastrozhina A, Zhang Z, Murray C, Vos T, Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Nichols, E, Abd-Allah, F, Abdoli, A, Abualhasan, A, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Afshin, A, Akinyemi, R, Alanezi, F, Alipour, V, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Arabloo, J, Ashraf-Ganjouei, A, Ayano, G, Ayuso-Mateos, J, Baig, A, Banach, M, Barboza, M, Barker-Collo, S, Baune, B, Bhagavathula, A, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Biswas, A, Boloor, A, Brayne, C, Brenner, H, Burkart, K, Burugina Nagaraja, S, Carvalho, F, Castro-de-Araujo, L, Catala-Lopez, F, Cerin, E, Cherbuin, N, Chu, D, Dai, X, de Sa-Junior, A, Djalalinia, S, Douiri, A, Edvardsson, D, El-Jaafary, S, Eskandarieh, S, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Feigin, V, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Gaidhane, S, Galluzzo, L, Gebremeskel, G, Ghashghaee, A, Gialluisi, A, Gnedovskaya, E, Golechha, M, Gupta, R, Hachinski, V, Haider, M, Haile, T, Hamiduzzaman, M, Hankey, G, Hay, S, Heidari, G, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Ho, H, Househ, M, Hwang, B, Iacoviello, L, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Irvani, S, Iwagami, M, Iyamu, I, Jha, R, Kalani, R, Karch, A, Kasa, A, Khader, Y, Khan, E, Khatib, M, Kim, Y, Kisa, S, Kisa, A, Kivimaki, M, Koyanagi, A, Kumar, M, Landires, I, Lasrado, S, Li, B, Lim, S, Liu, X, Madhava Kunjathur, S, Majeed, A, Malik, P, Mehndiratta, M, Menezes, R, Mohammad, Y, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, A, Moni, M, Nagel, G, Naveed, M, Nayak, V, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, H, Nunez-Samudio, V, Olagunju, A, Ostroff, S, Otstavnov, N, Owolabi, M, Pashazadeh Kan, F, Patel, U, Phillips, M, Piradov, M, Pond, C, Pottoo, F, Prada, S, Radfar, A, Rahim, F, Rana, J, Rashedi, V, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, D, Reinig, N, Renzaho, A, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Romoli, M, Roshandel, G, Sachdev, P, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, M, Samaei, M, Saylan, M, Sha, F, Shaikh, M, Shibuya, K, Shigematsu, M, Shin, J, Shiri, R, Silva, D, Singh, J, Singhal, D, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Soheili, A, Sotoudeh, H, Spurlock, E, Szoeke, C, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Taddele, B, Tovani-Palone, M, Tsegaye, G, Vacante, M, Venketasubramanian, N, Vidale, S, Vlassov, V, Vu, G, Wang, Y, Weiss, J, Weldemariam, A, Westerman, R, Wimo, A, Winkler, A, Wu, C, Yadollahpour, A, Yesiltepe, M, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Zastrozhin, M, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Z, Murray, C, and Vos, T
Subjects: Gerontology, Male, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, Population Dynamics, R858-859.7, Global health, Health Informatics, Sample (statistics), MINI-MENTAL-STATE, Logistic regression, DISEASE, Validity, Item response theory, GBD 2019 Dementia Collaborators, medicine, Prevalence, Dementia, Humans, Neuropsychological assessment, Longitudinal Studies, Aged, 80 and over, Retirement, Science & Technology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Health Policy, 1103 Clinical Sciences, Cognition, NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, medicine.disease, Computer Science Applications, Cognitive test, Algorithm, 0806 Information Systems, Female, Psychology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Medical Informatics, Algorithms, Research Article
Abstract: BackgroundData sparsity is a major limitation to estimating national and global dementia burden. Surveys with full diagnostic evaluations of dementia prevalence are prohibitively resource-intensive in many settings. However, validation samples from nationally representative surveys allow for the development of algorithms for the prediction of dementia prevalence nationally.MethodsUsing cognitive testing data and data on functional limitations from Wave A (2001–2003) of the ADAMS study (n = 744) and the 2000 wave of the HRS study (n = 6358) we estimated a two-dimensional item response theory model to calculate cognition and function scores for all individuals over 70. Based on diagnostic information from the formal clinical adjudication in ADAMS, we fit a logistic regression model for the classification of dementia status using cognition and function scores and applied this algorithm to the full HRS sample to calculate dementia prevalence by age and sex.ResultsOur algorithm had a cross-validated predictive accuracy of 88% (86–90), and an area under the curve of 0.97 (0.97–0.98) in ADAMS. Prevalence was higher in females than males and increased over age, with a prevalence of 4% (3–4) in individuals 70–79, 11% (9–12) in individuals 80–89 years old, and 28% (22–35) in those 90 and older.ConclusionsOur model had similar or better accuracy as compared to previously reviewed algorithms for the prediction of dementia prevalence in HRS, while utilizing more flexible methods. These methods could be more easily generalized and utilized to estimate dementia prevalence in other national surveys.
Published: 2021

41. High prevalence of an alpha variant lineage with a premature stop codon in ORF7a in Iraq, winter 2020-2021

Author: Ali H. Jasim, Olli Vapalahti, Laith A.H AlObaidi, Alaa Hameed, Basel Saber Oda, Nihad A.M. Al-Rashedi, Hussein Alburkat, Murad G. Munah, Abas O. Hadi, Kareem Moamin Lilo, Tarja Sironen, Teemu Smura, Department of Virology, Emerging Infections Research Group, Veterinary Biosciences, Veterinary Microbiology and Epidemiology, Helsinki One Health (HOH), Viral Zoonosis Research Unit, HUSLAB, and Olli Pekka Vapalahti / Principal Investigator
Subjects: Lineage (genetic), In silico, Biology, Genome, Viral Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Pandemic, Prevalence, Humans, Pandemics, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Molecular epidemiology, Phylogenetic tree, SARS-CoV-2, 030306 microbiology, Strain (biology), COVID-19, Stop codon, 3. Good health, Codon, Nonsense, Iraq, Mutation, Codon, Terminator, 3111 Biomedicine
Abstract: BackgroundSince the first reported case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China, SARS-CoV-2 has been spreading worldwide. Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 has had a critical role in tracking the emergence, introduction, and spread of new variants, which may affect transmissibility, pathogenicity, and escape from infection or vaccine-induced immunity. As anticipated, the rapid increase in COVID-19 infections in Iraq in February 2021 is due to the introduction of variants of concern during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.AimTo understand the molecular epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 during the second wave in Iraq (2021),MethodWe sequenced 76 complete SARS-CoV-2 genomes using NGS technology and identified genomic mutations and proportions of circulating variants among these. Also, we performed an in silico study to predict the effect of the truncation of NS7a protein (ORF7a) on its functionResultsWe detected nine different lineages of SARS-CoV-2. The B.1.1.7 lineage was predominant (78.9%) from February to May 2021, while only one B.1.351 strain was detected. Interestingly, the phylogenetic analysis showed that multiple strains of the B.1.1.7 lineage clustered closely with those from European countries. A high frequency (88%) of stop codon mutation (NS7a Q62stop) was detected among the B.1.1.7 lineage sequences. In silico analysis of NS7a with Q62stop found that this stop codon had no significant effect on the function of NS7a.ConclusionThis work provides molecular epidemiological insights into the spread variants of SARS-CoV-2 in Iraq, which are most likely imported from Europe.
Published: 2021
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42. Differences in the 2020 ESC Versus 2015 ESC and 2014 ACC/AHA Guidelines on the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Patients Presenting Without Persistent ST-Segment Elevation

Author: Haleh Ashraf, Sara Asgarian, Aslan Amirian, Shahrokh Karbalai Saleh, Behnam Heidari, Roham Foroumadi, Stefan James, Sayna Bagheri, Hossein Farrokhpour, Mohammad Keykhaei, Shaghayegh Zokaei, and Sina Rashedi
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, Unstable angina, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Cardiology, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Stroke Volume, medicine.disease, United States, Ventricular Function, Left, Coronary artery disease, Myocardial perfusion imaging, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Internal medicine, Heart failure, medicine, Humans, Myocardial infarction, Acute Coronary Syndrome, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Electrocardiography, TIMI
Abstract: Purpose of review We assessed the differences in the 2020 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) versus 2015 ESC and 2014 American College of Cardiology (ACC) guidelines on the management of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACS). Recent findings The recent publication of the 2020 ESC has provided a comprehensive series of recommendations on diagnosis and management of patients presenting with NSTE-ACS. However, there are discrepancies between the 2020 ESC versus 2015 ESC and 2014 ACC guidelines, creating uncertainty among clinicians in routine practices. Our investigation provides insights into several domains, including diagnosis, risk stratification, pharmacological treatments, invasive treatment, and special populations. Overall, it seems that the 2020 version of the ESC guideline for the management of NSTE-ACS provides the most evidence-based recommendations for clinicians; although due to the lack of validated investigation across some of the proposed recommendations, further longitudinal multicenter studies are warranted to address the current questions. Diagnostic algorithm in NSTE-ACS. Abbreviations ACC = American College of Cardiology; CABG = coronary artery bypass grafting; CCTA = coronary computed tomography angiography; CMR = cardiac magnetic resonance; CS = cardiogenic shock; ECG = electrocardiography; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; ESC = European Society of Cardiology; GRACE = Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events; HF = heart failure; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; MPI = myocardial perfusion imaging; MR = mitral regurgitation; NSTE-ACS = non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; TIMI = thrombolysis in myocardial infarction.
Published: 2021
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43. Gene selection using pyramid gravitational search algorithm

Author: Amirhossein Tahmouresi, Esmat Rashedi, Mohammad Mehdi Yaghoobi, and Masoud Rezaei
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, Gene Expression Profiling, Neoplasms, Humans, Gene Regulatory Networks, Algorithms
Abstract: Genetics play a prominent role in the development and progression of malignant neoplasms. Identification of the relevant genes is a high-dimensional data processing problem. Pyramid gravitational search algorithm (PGSA), a hybrid method in which the number of genes is cyclically reduced is proposed to conquer the curse of dimensionality. PGSA consists of two elements, a filter and a wrapper method (inspired by the gravitational search algorithm) which iterates through cycles. The genes selected in each cycle are passed on to the subsequent cycles to further reduce the dimension. PGSA tries to maximize the classification accuracy using the most informative genes while reducing the number of genes. Results are reported on a multi-class microarray gene expression dataset for breast cancer. Several feature selection algorithms have been implemented to have a fair comparison. The PGSA ranked first in terms of accuracy (84.5%) with 73 genes. To check if the selected genes are meaningful in terms of patient’s survival and response to therapy, protein-protein interaction network analysis has been applied on the genes. An interesting pattern was emerged when examining the genetic network. HSP90AA1, PTK2 and SRC genes were amongst the top-rated bottleneck genes, and DNA damage, cell adhesion and migration pathways are highly enriched in the network.
Published: 2021

44. Interleukin-10 Promoter and the CCR5 Polymorphisms in Iranian Azari Population with Multiple Sclerosis

Author: Mohammad, Asgharzadeh, Davood, Sanajoo, Behroz, Mahdavi Poor, Hossein, Samadi Kafil, Pourya, Gholizadeh, and Jalil, Rashedi
Subjects: Multiple Sclerosis, Gene Frequency, Genotype, Receptors, CCR5, Case-Control Studies, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Iran, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Interleukin-10
Abstract: Changes in the expression of cytokines as the result of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), can affect the incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS).To investigate the relationship between the frequencies of interleukin-10 (IL-10)-1082 A/G (rs1800896) and CCR5-delta32 genotypes and susceptibility to MS in the Iranian Azari population.IL-10-1082 A/G SNP and the CCR5-delta32 were genotyped in 152 patients suffering from MS and 242 healthy non-relatives by allele specific-PCR and simple PCR methods, respectively.The frequencies of AA (37.6%) and AG (55.9%) genotypes of IL-10-1082 were significantly high in the control (p = 0.021) and MS patients (p = 0.015), respectively, with no statistical difference between these groups. There was no significant difference in the CCR5 gene based on the possession of wild/wild and wild/del32 genotypes between MS patients and the control group. The del32/del32 genotype was not seen in any of the investigated groups. Tobacco (cigarettes and hookahs) consumption was higher among the MS patients (p=0.004), and this has the potential to raise the risk of MS in both the individuals and their family. However, it had no significant relation with the frequency of different genotypes of the IL-10-1082 and the CCR5.Our finding conclude on possible role of AA genotype of IL-10 -1082 as a protective factor in MS.
Published: 2021

45. Opportunities and Challenges in Developing Technology-Based Social Skills Interventions for Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Qualitative Analysis of Parent Perspectives

Author: Kemberlee Bonnet, Roxanne N. Rashedi, Nicole Bardett, Pablo Juárez, Zachary Warren, David G. Schlundt, Gautam Biswas, Maithilee Kunda, Amy Kinsman, Rebecca Schulte, and Amy Swanson
Subjects: Parents, medicine.medical_specialty, Technology, Original Paper, Adolescent, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Digital content, Public health, Autism, Psychological intervention, medicine.disease, behavioral disciplines and activities, Developmental psychology, Social Skills, Qualitative analysis, Mood, Social skills, Autism spectrum disorder, mental disorders, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Humans, Psychology, Qualitative
Abstract: Interest continues to be high in technology-based interventions for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Understanding the preferences and challenges of technology use among individuals with ASD can inform the design of such interventions. Through 18 interviews with parents, we used an iterative inductive-deductive approach to qualitative analysis and explored uses of technology for social skills development among adolescents with ASD. Our findings include parents’ observations about their adolescent’s preferences in types of technology devices and digital content, as well as both positive and negative effects of technology use on mood and behavior. Parents highlighted several avenues of technological preferences and risks that may inform intervention design, enhance user engagement, and capitalize on users’ strengths while buttressing areas for growth. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10803-021-05315-y.
Published: 2021

46. Prognostic significance of positive family history in outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting: Do we need to update our assumptions?

Author: Hamed Tavolinejad, Sina Rashedi, Seyyed Mojtaba Ghorashi, Masih Tajdini, Saeed Sadeghian, Mina Pashang, Arash Jalali, Abbas Salehi Omran, Jamshid Bagheri, Abbasali Karimi, Mahmoud Shirzad, Mehdi Mehrani, and Kaveh Hosseini
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Cohort Studies, Male, Humans, Surgery, Female, General Medicine, Acute Coronary Syndrome, Coronary Artery Bypass, Iran, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Prognosis
Abstract: Background Recent research suggests a protective role for positive family history of premature cardiovascular disease (FHpCVD) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. We aimed to further investigate this unlikely association. Methods In this registry-based cohort study, patients who underwent first-time non-emergent coronary bypass surgery at Tehran Heart Center between 2007 and 2016 were included. Patients with and without FHpCVD were compared in terms of all-cause mortality and first non-fatal cardiovascular events (CVEs) comprising non-fatal acute coronary syndrome, non-fatal stroke or transient ischemic attack, and repeat coronary revascularization. Results A total of 13,156 patients were included (mean age 60.83 ± 9.57, 74.5% male), among which 2684 (20.4%) patients had FHpCVD. Median follow-up was 77.7 months. FHpCVD was weakly associated with reduced all-cause mortality using inverse probability weight (IPW) method (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.853; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.730–0.997; P = 0.046), and not associated with non-fatal CVEs considering death as the competing event (sub-distribution HR [SHR] = 1.124; 95% CI 0.999–1.265; P = 0.053). Within a subgroup of patients without previous myocardial infarction or revascularization (7403 cases; 56.3%), FHpCVD was associated with lower mortality (HR = 0.700; 95% CI 0.548–0.894; P = 0.004) and higher non-fatal CVEs (SHR = 1.197; 95% CI 1.019–1.405; P = 0.028), whereas among patients with previous coronary events, there was no association between FHpCVD and outcomes. Conclusions FHpCVD was associated with lower all-cause mortality but higher non-fatal CVEs, especially in those without prior coronary events. Such discordance calls for caution in assuming a protective role for FHpCVD. The prognostic significance of FHpCVD needs further evaluation among surgical patients.
Published: 2021

47. Early detection of cognitive disturbances in mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review of observational studies

Author: Mohammadsajad Lotfi, Vahid Nejati, Mohsen Shati, Negin Chehrehnegar, Fatemeh Adelirad, Mahshid Foroughan, and Vahid Rashedi
Subjects: Male, Memory, Episodic, Neuropsychological Tests, Executive Function, 03 medical and health sciences, Cognition, 0302 clinical medicine, Visual memory, medicine, Humans, Dementia, Cognitive Dysfunction, Episodic memory, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, 030214 geriatrics, medicine.diagnostic_test, Working memory, Neuropsychology, Brain, Neuropsychological test, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Observational Studies as Topic, Psychiatry and Mental health, Memory, Short-Term, Disease Progression, Female, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Verbal memory, Psychology, Gerontology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Clinical psychology
Abstract: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate state between normal cognition and early dementia and is not considered as a typical outcome of brain aging. It has been estimated that 10% to 20% of individuals above 65 years of age will be diagnosed as having MCI. The increased rate of dementia and the importance of early detection of its forerunners have encouraged researchers to focus on detecting MCI and modifiable risk factors with the hope of developing better ways of managing dementia and its consequences. The main aim of this study was to systematically review the related literature concerning the cognitive changes in the spectrum of cognitive aging to cognitive impairment. Articles included in this review were identified through searching the databases of PubMed, Psych Info, Embase, ProQuest, and Scopus. Many domains like verbal memory, language, executive function, visual memory, attentional skills, and working memory showed acceptable predictive power. Testing subdomains such as executive function, speed of processing, working memory and semantic language are critical and others may indicate some suggestions for further clinical deteriorations in normal individuals. Although various cognitive instruments have been used for evaluation of impaired cognitive domains, it remains challenging to select the most appropriate ones having high-level accuracy and their related cognitive subdomains. It also revealed that none of the identified cognitive domains solely fulfilled the criteria for MCI screening; in clinical settings, multiple neuropsychological batteries may be used for one single cognitive domain, while longitudinal studies prefer the use of at least two cognitive measures for each domain to improve accuracy and research settings might focus on only a single neuropsychological test. However, along with episodic memory, testing for amnestic MCI, executive function could increase the chance of early detection of MCI. Executive control has been found to deteriorate the earliest in MCI patients.
Published: 2019
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48. Contrast-enhanced echocardiographic measurement of longitudinal strain: accuracy and its relationship with image quality

Author: Eric Kruse, Nina Rashedi, Amit R. Patel, Ilya Karagodin, Roberto M. Lang, Davide Genovese, and Victor Mor-Avi
Subjects: Adult, Male, Contrast enhancement, Heart Diseases, Longitudinal strain, Image quality, media_common.quotation_subject, Contrast Media, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine, Speckle tracking echocardiography, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Ventricular Function, Left, Article, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Predictive Value of Tests, Albumins, Linear regression, Humans, Medicine, Contrast (vision), Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Prospective Studies, Cardiac imaging, media_common, Observer Variation, Fluorocarbons, Reproducibility, business.industry, Reproducibility of Results, Middle Aged, Myocardial Contraction, Echocardiography, Feasibility Studies, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Nuclear medicine
Abstract: The importance of left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) is increasingly recognized in multiple clinical scenarios. However, in patients with poor image quality, strain is difficult or impossible to measure without contrast enhancement. The feasibility of contrast-enhanced GLS measurement was recently demonstrated. We sought to determine: (1) whether contrast enhancement improves the accuracy of GLS measurements against cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) reference, (2) their reproducibility compared to non-enhanced GLS, and (3) the dependence of accuracy and reproducibility on image quality. We prospectively enrolled 25 patients undergoing clinically indicated CMR imaging who subsequently underwent transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) with and without low-dose contrast injection (1–2 mL Optison/3–5 mL saline IV, GE Healthcare). GLS was measured from both non-contrast and contrast-enhanced images using speckle tracking (EchoInsight, Epsilon Imaging). These measurements were compared to each other and to CMR reference values obtained using feature tracking (SuiteHEART, NeoSoft). Inter-technique comparisons included linear regression and Bland–Altman analyses. A random subgroup of 15 patients was used to assess inter- and intra-observer variability using intra-class correlation (ICC). Contrast-enhanced GLS was in close agreement with non-enhanced GLS (r = 0.95; bias: − 0.2 ± 1.5%). Both inter-observer (ICC = 0.88 vs. 0.82) and intra-observer variability (ICC = 0.91 vs. 0.88) were improved by contrast enhancement. The agreement with CMR was better for contrast-enhanced GLS (r = 0.87; bias: 1.1 ± 2.2%) than for non-enhanced GLS (r = 0.80; bias: 1.3 ± 2.7%). In 12/25 patients with suboptimal TTE images that rendered GLS difficult to measure, contrast-enhanced GLS showed better agreement with CMR than non-enhanced GLS (r = 0.88 vs. 0.83) and also improved inter-observer (ICC = 0.83 vs. 0.76) and intra-observer variability (ICC = 0.88 vs. 0.82). In conclusion, contrast enhancement of TTE images improves the accuracy and reproducibility of GLS measurements, resulting in better agreement with CMR, even in patients with suboptimal acoustic windows. This approach may aid in the assessment of LV function in this patient population.
Published: 2019
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49. Chitosan and Quercetin: Potential Hand in Hand Encountering Tumors in Oral Delivery System

Author: Mohammad Asgharzadeh, Amir Ghorbanihaghjo, Jalil Rashedi, and Behzad Baradaran
Subjects: Pharmacology, chemistry.chemical_classification, Chitosan, technology, industry, and agriculture, Cancer therapy, Cationic polymerization, Administration, Oral, macromolecular substances, Polymer, Polysaccharide, Combinatorial chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Drug Delivery Systems, chemistry, Target site, Neoplasms, Drug Discovery, Humans, Quercetin, Delivery system, Particle Size
Abstract: Chitosan is a cationic polysaccharide and multi-potential polymer with the ability to interact with other natural and synthetic polyanionic/polymeric compounds, with or without a cross-linking agent. It has been able to composite nano-microparticles with a variety of features. This compound has the ability to carry quercetin, as an anti-tumor subject, through the various epithelial systems and release in the sustained and controlled state to the target site. : This paper reviews published studies on detailed physicochemical properties of chitosan and quercetin in the fight against the tumor. This also focused on how the chitosan polymer interacts with other polymeric and polyanion species in order to improve its efficiency to make a more suitable capsule or matrix for a variety of drugs, especially quercetin, in oral delivery systems.
Published: 2019
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50. Machine Learning–Based Three-Dimensional Echocardiographic Quantification of Right Ventricular Size and Function: Validation Against Cardiac Magnetic Resonance

Author: Amit R. Patel, David Prater, Victor Mor-Avi, Akhil Narang, Lynn Weinert, Davide Genovese, Roberto M. Lang, Alexandra Gonçalves, Nina Rashedi, and Karima Addetia
Subjects: Male, Image quality, Heart Ventricles, Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Machine Learning, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Linear regression, Humans, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Reproducibility, Ejection fraction, Ventricular size, business.industry, Reproducibility of Results, Function (mathematics), Middle Aged, Rv function, Ventricular Function, Right, Female, Artificial intelligence, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Cardiac magnetic resonance, computer
Abstract: Three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) allows accurate and reproducible measurements of right ventricular (RV) size and function. However, widespread implementation of 3DE in routine clinical practice is limited because the existing software packages are relatively time-consuming and skill demanding. The aim of this study was to test the accuracy and reproducibility of new machine learning- (ML-) based, fully automated software for three-dimensional quantification of RV size and function.Fifty-six unselected patients with a wide range of RV size and function and image quality, referred for clinically indicated cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging, underwent a transthoracic 3DE exam on the same day. End-systolic and end-diastolic RV volumes (ESV, EDV) and ejection fraction (EF) were measured using the ML-based algorithm and compared with CMR reference values using Bland-Altman and linear regression analyses.RV function quantification by echocardiography was feasible in all patients. The automatic approach was accurate in 32% patients with analysis time of 15 ± 1 seconds and 100% reproducible. Endocardial contour editing was necessary after the automated postprocessing in the remaining 68% patients, prolonging analysis time to 114 ± 71 seconds. With these minimal adjustments, RV volumes and EF measurements were accurate in comparison with CMR reference (biases: EDV, -25.6 ± 21.1 mL; ESV, -7.4 ± 16 mL; EF, -3.3% ± 5.2%) and showed excellent reproducibility reflected by coefficients of variation7% and intraclass correlations ≥0.95 for all measurements.The new ML-based 3DE algorithm provided accurate and completely reproducible RV volume and EF measurements in one-third of unselected patients without any boundary editing. In the remaining patients, quick minimal editing resulted in reasonably accurate measurements with excellent reproducibility. This approach provides a promising solution for fast three-dimensional quantification of RV size and function.
Published: 2019
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