Author: "O’Loughlin, A." / Topic: humans - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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1,116 results on '"O’Loughlin, A."'

1. Highly evolvable malaria vectors: The genomes of 16 Anopheles mosquitoes

Author: Neafsey, Daniel E, Waterhouse, Robert M, Abai, Mohammad R, Aganezov, Sergey S, Alekseyev, Max A, Allen, James E, Amon, James, Arcà, Bruno, Arensburger, Peter, Artemov, Gleb, Assour, Lauren A, Basseri, Hamidreza, Berlin, Aaron, Birren, Bruce W, Blandin, Stephanie A, Brockman, Andrew I, Burkot, Thomas R, Burt, Austin, Chan, Clara S, Chauve, Cedric, Chiu, Joanna C, Christensen, Mikkel, Costantini, Carlo, Davidson, Victoria LM, Deligianni, Elena, Dottorini, Tania, Dritsou, Vicky, Gabriel, Stacey B, Guelbeogo, Wamdaogo M, Hall, Andrew B, Han, Mira V, Hlaing, Thaung, Hughes, Daniel ST, Jenkins, Adam M, Jiang, Xiaofang, Jungreis, Irwin, Kakani, Evdoxia G, Kamali, Maryam, Kemppainen, Petri, Kennedy, Ryan C, Kirmitzoglou, Ioannis K, Koekemoer, Lizette L, Laban, Njoroge, Langridge, Nicholas, Lawniczak, Mara KN, Lirakis, Manolis, Lobo, Neil F, Lowy, Ernesto, MacCallum, Robert M, Mao, Chunhong, Maslen, Gareth, Mbogo, Charles, McCarthy, Jenny, Michel, Kristin, Mitchell, Sara N, Moore, Wendy, Murphy, Katherine A, Naumenko, Anastasia N, Nolan, Tony, Novoa, Eva M, O'Loughlin, Samantha, Oringanje, Chioma, Oshaghi, Mohammad A, Pakpour, Nazzy, Papathanos, Philippos A, Peery, Ashley N, Povelones, Michael, Prakash, Anil, Price, David P, Rajaraman, Ashok, Reimer, Lisa J, Rinker, David C, Rokas, Antonis, Russell, Tanya L, Sagnon, N'Fale, Sharakhova, Maria V, Shea, Terrance, Simão, Felipe A, Simard, Frederic, Slotman, Michel A, Somboon, Pradya, Stegniy, Vladimir, Struchiner, Claudio J, Thomas, Gregg WC, Tojo, Marta, Topalis, Pantelis, Tubio, José MC, Unger, Maria F, Vontas, John, Walton, Catherine, Wilding, Craig S, Willis, Judith H, Wu, Yi-Chieh, Yan, Guiyun, Zdobnov, Evgeny M, Zhou, Xiaofan, Catteruccia, Flaminia, Christophides, George K, Collins, Frank H, and Cornman, Robert S
Subjects: Biological Sciences, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Genetics, Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Rare Diseases, Vector-Borne Diseases, Biotechnology, Malaria, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Animals, Anopheles, Base Sequence, Chromosomes, Insect, Drosophila, Evolution, Molecular, Genome, Insect, Humans, Insect Vectors, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Sequence Alignment, General Science & Technology
Abstract: Variation in vectorial capacity for human malaria among Anopheles mosquito species is determined by many factors, including behavior, immunity, and life history. To investigate the genomic basis of vectorial capacity and explore new avenues for vector control, we sequenced the genomes of 16 anopheline mosquito species from diverse locations spanning ~100 million years of evolution. Comparative analyses show faster rates of gene gain and loss, elevated gene shuffling on the X chromosome, and more intron losses, relative to Drosophila. Some determinants of vectorial capacity, such as chemosensory genes, do not show elevated turnover but instead diversify through protein-sequence changes. This dynamism of anopheline genes and genomes may contribute to their flexible capacity to take advantage of new ecological niches, including adapting to humans as primary hosts.
Published: 2015

2. Mosquito genomics. Highly evolvable malaria vectors: the genomes of 16 Anopheles mosquitoes.

Author: Neafsey, Daniel E, Waterhouse, Robert M, Abai, Mohammad R, Aganezov, Sergey S, Alekseyev, Max A, Allen, James E, Amon, James, Arcà, Bruno, Arensburger, Peter, Artemov, Gleb, Assour, Lauren A, Basseri, Hamidreza, Berlin, Aaron, Birren, Bruce W, Blandin, Stephanie A, Brockman, Andrew I, Burkot, Thomas R, Burt, Austin, Chan, Clara S, Chauve, Cedric, Chiu, Joanna C, Christensen, Mikkel, Costantini, Carlo, Davidson, Victoria LM, Deligianni, Elena, Dottorini, Tania, Dritsou, Vicky, Gabriel, Stacey B, Guelbeogo, Wamdaogo M, Hall, Andrew B, Han, Mira V, Hlaing, Thaung, Hughes, Daniel ST, Jenkins, Adam M, Jiang, Xiaofang, Jungreis, Irwin, Kakani, Evdoxia G, Kamali, Maryam, Kemppainen, Petri, Kennedy, Ryan C, Kirmitzoglou, Ioannis K, Koekemoer, Lizette L, Laban, Njoroge, Langridge, Nicholas, Lawniczak, Mara KN, Lirakis, Manolis, Lobo, Neil F, Lowy, Ernesto, MacCallum, Robert M, Mao, Chunhong, Maslen, Gareth, Mbogo, Charles, McCarthy, Jenny, Michel, Kristin, Mitchell, Sara N, Moore, Wendy, Murphy, Katherine A, Naumenko, Anastasia N, Nolan, Tony, Novoa, Eva M, O'Loughlin, Samantha, Oringanje, Chioma, Oshaghi, Mohammad A, Pakpour, Nazzy, Papathanos, Philippos A, Peery, Ashley N, Povelones, Michael, Prakash, Anil, Price, David P, Rajaraman, Ashok, Reimer, Lisa J, Rinker, David C, Rokas, Antonis, Russell, Tanya L, Sagnon, N'Fale, Sharakhova, Maria V, Shea, Terrance, Simão, Felipe A, Simard, Frederic, Slotman, Michel A, Somboon, Pradya, Stegniy, Vladimir, Struchiner, Claudio J, Thomas, Gregg WC, Tojo, Marta, Topalis, Pantelis, Tubio, José MC, Unger, Maria F, Vontas, John, Walton, Catherine, Wilding, Craig S, Willis, Judith H, Wu, Yi-Chieh, Yan, Guiyun, Zdobnov, Evgeny M, Zhou, Xiaofan, Catteruccia, Flaminia, Christophides, George K, Collins, Frank H, and Cornman, Robert S
Subjects: Animals, Humans, Anopheles, Drosophila, Malaria, Sequence Alignment, Insect Vectors, Evolution, Molecular, Phylogeny, Base Sequence, Molecular Sequence Data, Genome, Insect, Chromosomes, Insect, Evolution, Molecular, Genome, Insect, Chromosomes, General Science & Technology
Abstract: Variation in vectorial capacity for human malaria among Anopheles mosquito species is determined by many factors, including behavior, immunity, and life history. To investigate the genomic basis of vectorial capacity and explore new avenues for vector control, we sequenced the genomes of 16 anopheline mosquito species from diverse locations spanning ~100 million years of evolution. Comparative analyses show faster rates of gene gain and loss, elevated gene shuffling on the X chromosome, and more intron losses, relative to Drosophila. Some determinants of vectorial capacity, such as chemosensory genes, do not show elevated turnover but instead diversify through protein-sequence changes. This dynamism of anopheline genes and genomes may contribute to their flexible capacity to take advantage of new ecological niches, including adapting to humans as primary hosts.
Published: 2015

3. Natural course of co-use of alcohol and cannabis in adolescents and young adults in Montréal, Canada

Author: Robert J. Wellman, Erika N. Dugas, Jennifer O'Loughlin, Erin K. O'Loughlin, Annie Pelekanakis, and Marie-Pierre Sylvestre
Subjects: Adult, Male, Canada, Complete data, Adolescent, Alcohol Drinking, Population, Medicine (miscellaneous), Binge drinking, Alcohol, Binge Drinking, Young Adult, chemistry.chemical_compound, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Young adult, Child, education, Cannabis, Natural course, education.field_of_study, biology, biology.organism_classification, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, chemistry, Female, Psychology, Adolescent health, Demography
Abstract: OBJECTIVE Little is known about changes in alcohol and cannabis co-use over time in adolescents and young adults. We sought to describe the natural course of alcohol and cannabis co-use from age 12 to 17 and 20 to 31 and to describe frequent (i.e., ≥ once/month) binge drinking (i.e., ≥ 5 drinks/occasion) and cannabis use from age 20 to 31. METHOD Data were drawn from two longitudinal studies conducted in Montreal, Canada: AdoQuest (n = 1,852) and the Nicotine Dependence in Teens (NDIT) study (n = 1,293). Complete data on alcohol and cannabis were available for 620 12-17-year-olds (58% female) followed from 2005 to 2011 in AdoQuest, and 673 20-31-year-olds (56% female) followed from 2007 to 2020 in NDIT. We reported proportions of co-use, exclusive drinking ("drinking"), exclusive cannabis use ("cannabis use"), frequent co-use, frequent binge drinking, and frequent cannabis use by age and sex. RESULTS Co-use rose from 2% at age 12-13 to 23% at age 17, was stable at 44% at age 20 and 24, and then decreased to 37% at age 31. Drinking rose from 20% to 51%, and cannabis use was consistently rare (< 2%). During young adulthood, frequent co-use declined from 21% at age 20 to 12% at age 31, and frequent binge drinking declined from 29% at age 20 to 22% at age 31. Frequent cannabis use increased from 6% at age 20 to 11% at age 31. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol and cannabis use should be studied as time-varying behaviors. Co-use patterns should be monitored over time in this population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Published: 2022

4. A quorum-sensing inhibitor blocks Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence and biofilm formation

Author: O’Loughlin, Colleen T, Miller, Laura C, Siryaporn, Albert, Drescher, Knut, Semmelhack, Martin F, and Bassler, Bonnie L
Subjects: Lung, Infectious Diseases, Cystic Fibrosis, Rare Diseases, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Aetiology, Infection, Animals, Bacterial Proteins, Biofilms, Caenorhabditis elegans, Cell Line, Escherichia coli, Humans, Lactones, Microarray Analysis, Molecular Structure, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pyocyanine, Quorum Sensing, Respiratory Mucosa, Sulfur Compounds, Trans-Activators, Virulence
Abstract: Quorum sensing is a chemical communication process that bacteria use to regulate collective behaviors. Disabling quorum-sensing circuits with small molecules has been proposed as a potential strategy to prevent bacterial pathogenicity. The human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses quorum sensing to control virulence and biofilm formation. Here, we analyze synthetic molecules for inhibition of the two P. aeruginosa quorum-sensing receptors, LasR and RhlR. Our most effective compound, meta-bromo-thiolactone (mBTL), inhibits both the production of the virulence factor pyocyanin and biofilm formation. mBTL also protects Caenorhabditis elegans and human lung epithelial cells from killing by P. aeruginosa. Both LasR and RhlR are partially inhibited by mBTL in vivo and in vitro; however, RhlR, not LasR, is the relevant in vivo target. More potent antagonists do not exhibit superior function in impeding virulence. Because LasR and RhlR reciprocally control crucial virulence factors, appropriately tuning rather than completely inhibiting their activities appears to hold the key to blocking pathogenesis in vivo.
Published: 2013

5. Epidemiological Studies of Human and Animal Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 and DT104b Isolates in Ireland

Author: Murphy, T. M., McNamara, E., Hill, M., Rooney, N., Barry, J., Egan, J., O'Connell, A., O'Loughlin, J., and McFaddyen, S.
Published: 2001

6. Skeletal muscle coverage in undergraduate courses: a comparison of stand-alone human anatomy and anatomy and physiology (A&P) courses

Author: Valerie Dean O’Loughlin, Michael Goodwin, and Amberly Reynolds
Subjects: Physiology, Dissection, education, Animals, Humans, Learning, Curriculum, General Medicine, Anatomy, Muscle, Skeletal, Students, Education
Abstract: Anecdotal data suggest great variation in breadth and depth of skeletal muscle coverage between undergraduate human anatomy (HA) and anatomy and physiology (A&P) courses. This manuscript is the second in a series (Reynolds A, Goodwin M, O’Loughlin VD. Adv Physiol Educ 46: 309–318, 2022. doi: https://doi.org/10.1152/advan.00084.2021 ) that methodically assesses skeletal muscle content coverage across undergraduate HA and A&P courses. The authors developed an online skeletal muscle coverage survey and collected 342 responses worldwide, 156 from instructors of HA courses and 186 from A&P course instructors. Demographic results showed that HA courses are primarily taught at 4-year baccalaureate institutions, have relatively larger class sizes, and are more likely to use human (vs. animal) prosections or dissections. In contrast, A&P courses are primarily taught at community colleges, have relatively smaller class sizes, and are more likely to use animal (vs. human) dissections. HA courses tend to require their students to learn all skeletal muscle aspects (i.e., identification, action, attachments, innervation), whereas A&P courses tend to focus on muscle identification or action only. The proportions of courses that require identification of large, superficial skeletal muscles are similar between the two course types. However, HA courses are more likely to require their students to identify deeper and smaller muscles, including more distal appendicular muscles and pelvic muscles. These differences likely are due, in part, to the more anatomical focus of HA courses and the slightly different student populations between these courses. These findings provide much-needed information about muscular system coverage between HA and A&P courses and may guide instructor discussions about curricula.
Published: 2022

7. General trends in skeletal muscle coverage in undergraduate human anatomy and anatomy and physiology courses

Author: Amberly Reynolds, Michael Goodwin, and Valerie Dean O’Loughlin
Subjects: Universities, Physiology, Teaching, Humans, Curriculum, General Medicine, Anatomy, Muscle, Skeletal, Students, Faculty, Education, Medical, Undergraduate, Education
Abstract: There is a widely variable breadth of coverage of skeletal muscle content across both undergraduate human anatomy and undergraduate anatomy and physiology (A&P) courses. In response to the need for a more global understanding of the content taught in undergraduate anatomy courses, we developed an online survey (administered through Qualtrics) where both human anatomy and A&P faculty could report skeletal muscle coverage in their courses. The survey also collected comparative demographic institutional data such as the type of institution (community college vs. 4 year), course format, and geographic location of the undergraduate institution. Skeletal muscles surveyed included those listed and described in a typical undergraduate human anatomy text (McKinley MP, O’Loughlin VD, Pennefather O. Human Anatomy (5th ed.), 2017, p. 960). The data indicated some interesting instructional trends regarding muscular system coverage. First, both the “identification” and “action” of specific muscles are taught at a higher frequency than the teaching of either “attachments or innervation.” Innervation of specific skeletal muscles is the least taught concept. In each body region, certain muscles were taught with higher frequency than others. This research shows there is a global trend in teaching identification of specific skeletal muscles within each body region and often this is accompanied by teaching actions of said muscles. These general instructional trends may increase our understanding of the anatomical and physiological education our undergraduate students are receiving and will lead to further critical conversations about content development and curriculum.
Published: 2022

8. Building Community, Celebrating Liturgy – the continuing challenge

Author: O'Loughlin, Thomas
Published: 2016

9. Disclosure of suicidal thoughts and behaviors: The impact of suicide event type

Author: Brooke A. Ammerman, Yeonsoo Park, and Caitlin M. O'Loughlin
Subjects: Clinical Psychology, Self Disclosure, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Surveys and Questionnaires, Humans, Suicide, Attempted, Disclosure, Suicidal Ideation
Abstract: Despite its importance, limited work has investigated the nuances of suicidal thoughts and behavior self-disclosure. The present study aimed to examine potential differences in self-disclosure based on whether an individual has disclosed suicidal thinking versus behavior.Two hundred and four participants having disclosed their suicidal thoughts or behaviors completed a battery of online questionnaires assessing several key aspects of disclosure (i.e., disclosure recipient, perceived helpfulness of disclosure, impact on treatment seeking), as it pertained to both one's first and overall disclosure experiences.Individuals who disclosed a suicide attempt, versus ideation, were more likely to have disclosed to a formal support (i.e., health professional) and to seek professional help following disclosure. No significant group differences in perceived helpfulness of experiences were found.It may be beneficial to increase opportunities for disclosure of suicidal thinking. Overall, disclosures were perceived as helpful and may not impede future help-seeking behavior.
Published: 2022

10. Lack of Evidence for a Relationship Between Salivary CRP and Women’s Sexual Desire: An Investigation Across Clinical and Healthy Samples

Author: Kirstin Clephane, Julia I. O’Loughlin, Tamara S. Bodnar, M. Claire Wilson, Jordan TB Stariha, Amber N. Craig, Joanne Weinberg, Lori A. Brotto, and Tierney K. Lorenz
Subjects: Inflammation, Libido, Urology, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Article, Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological, Psychiatry and Mental health, C-Reactive Protein, Endocrinology, Reproductive Medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Humans, Female, Saliva
Abstract: Background Inflammation has been linked to a variety of mental and physical health outcomes that disproportionately impact women, and which can impair sexual function; thus, there is reason to expect a link between inflammation and women’s sexual functioning. Aim To test the hypothesis that higher concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), a general biomarker of inflammation, would predict women’s lower sexual desire. Method As 2 independent research teams, we conducted 3 separate studies (total n = 405) that assessed salivary CRP and various measurements of sexual desire in different women populations. Outcomes Female Sexual Function Index, Sexual Desire Inventory-2, Decreased Sexual Desire Screener, and Sexual Interest and Desire Inventory. Results Regardless of the way sexual desire was measured (e.g., state vs trait; general desire vs. desire functioning) and the population sampled (i.e., healthy vs. clinically diagnosed with sexual dysfunction), all the studies revealed null results. Clinical Implications While exploratory, the convergence of these null results across studies and researchers suggests that if there is an association between inflammation and women’s sexual desire, it is likely very subtle. Strengths & Limitations Across 2 independent research teams, 3 unrelated studies, and various measurements of sexual desire, results were consistent. These points lend to the generalizability of the results. However, study designs were cross-sectional. Conclusions Future research may reveal (i) a non-linear threshold effect, such that inflammation does not begin to impact women’s sexual desire until it is at a high level, (ii) inflammatory biomarkers other than CRP might be more sensitive in detecting associations between inflammation and desire, should they exist, or (iii) the mechanisms underlying sexual dysfunction may differ between sexes.
Published: 2022

11. Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of a COVID-19 vaccine (NVX-CoV2373) co-administered with seasonal influenza vaccines: an exploratory substudy of a randomised, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial

Author: Seth Toback, Eva Galiza, Catherine Cosgrove, James Galloway, Anna L Goodman, Pauline A Swift, Sankarasubramanian Rajaram, Alison Graves-Jones, Jonathan Edelman, Fiona Burns, Angela M Minassian, Iksung Cho, Lakshmi Kumar, Joyce S Plested, E Joy Rivers, Andreana Robertson, Filip Dubovsky, Greg Glenn, Paul T Heath, Roy L. Soiza, Robin Brittain-Long, Chiara Scicluna, Carole Edwards, Lynn Mackay, Mariella D'Allesandro, Amy Nicol, Karen Norris, Sandra Mann, Heather Lawrence, Ruth Valentine, Marianne Elizabeth Viljoen, Carol H. Pretswell, Helen Nicholls, Imrozia Munsoor, Agnieszka Meyrick, Christina Kyriakidou, Shalini Iyengar, Arham Jamal, Nick Richards, Helen Price, Bridie Rowbotham, Danielle Bird, Karen Smith, Olga Littler, Kirsty Fielding, Anna Townsend-Rose, Karen Miller, Jessica Davis, Alison Elliot-Garwood, Lauren Trottier, Paul Edwards, Margaret McFarland, Orod Osanlou, Laura Longshaw, Jane Stockport, Lynne Grundy, Katharine Lucy Broad, Karen Regan, Kim Storton, Declan Ryan-Wakeling, Brad Wilson, Malathy Munisamy, John Wright, Anil Shenoy, Beverley English, Lucy Brear, Paola Cicconi, Marta Boffito, Ana Milinkovic, Ruth Byrne, Roya Movahedi, Rosalie Housman, Naveed Kara, Ellen Brown, Andrea Cipriani, Mary-Jane Attenburrow, Katharine A. Smith, Jonathan Packham, Geoff Sparrow, Richard Smith, Josephine M. Rosier, Khalid Saja, Nyasha Nago, Brian Camilleri, Anita Immanuel, Mike Hamblin, Rawlings Osagie, Mahalakshmi Mohan, Hilary Floyd, Suzanne Goddard, Sanjay Mutgi, John Evans, Sean McKeon, Neringa Vilimiene, Rosavic Chicano, Rachel Hayre, Alice Pandaan, Catherine Henshall, Sonia Serrano, Andrea Mazzella, Thurkka Rajeswaran, Moncy Mathew, Karen Bisnauthsing, Laura Bremner, Henry Fok, Franca Morselli, Paola Cinardo, Blair Merrick, Lucy Sowole, Samantha Broadhead, Natalie Palmer, Jessica Cordle, Jaimie Wilson Goldsmith, Enya Cooney, Beth Jackson, Thilina Jayatilleke, Zelda Cheng, Toby Helliwell, Adrian Chudyk, Rafaela Giemza, John Lord Villajin, Noah Yogo, Esther Makanju, Pearl Dulawan, Deepak Nagra, April Buazon, Alice Russell, Georgie Bird, Amardeep Heer, Rex Sarmiento, Balraj Sanghera, Melanie Mullin, Adam Champion, Aisling Bevan, Kinzah Iqbal, Alshia Johnson, Rebecca Clark, Sarah Shaw, Steven Shaw, Amanda Chalk, Martin Lovatt, Caroline Lillicrap, Angela Parker, Jan Hansel, Zhi Wong, Galvin Gan, Eyad Tuma, Jane Minton, Jennifer Murira, Razan Saman, Alistair Hall, Kyra Holliday, Zara Khan, James Calderwood, George Twigg, Helena Baker, Julie Corrigan, Katy Houseman, Subhra Raguvanshi, Dominic Heining, Jake Weddell, Liz Glaves, Kim Thompson, Francis Davies, Ruth Lambley Burke, Emma C. Thomson, Dinesh Saralaya, Lisa Berry, Nancy Hopewell, Leigh Gerdes, Mihaela Pacurar, Saul N. Faust, Jeremy Turner, Christopher Jeanes, Adele Cooper, Jocelyn Keshet-Price, Lou Coke, Melissa Cambell-Kelly, Ketan Dhatariya, Claire Williams, Georgina Marks, James Sudbury, Lisa Rodolico, Judy Bradley, Sharon Carr, Roisin Martin, Angelina Madden, Paul Biagioni, Sonia McKenna, Alison Clinton, Maurice O'Kane, Justin Carter, Matthew Dewhurst, Bill Wetherill, Thandiwe Hoggarth, Katrina Lennon Collins, Marie Chowdhury, Adil Nathoo, Anna Heinen, Orla MacDonald, Claudia Hurducas, Liliana Cifuentes, Harjeevan Gill, Andy Gibson, Raha West, Jane Ewing, Rachel Blacow, John Haughney, Jonathan MacDonald, John Paul Seenan, Stewart Webb, Colin O'Leary, Scott Muir, Beth White, Neil Ritchie, Daniel F. McAuley, Jonathan Stewart, Mariella D'Alessandro, Nicki Lakeman, Laura Purandare, Duncan Browne, David Tucker, Peter Luck, Angharad Everden, Lisa Trembath, Michael Visick, Nick Morley, Laura Reid, Helen Chenoweth, Kirsty Maclean, Ray P. Sheridan, Tom Burden, Craig Francis Lunt, Shirley Todd, Stephanie Estcourt, Jasmine Marie Pearce, Suzanne Wilkins, Cathryn Love-Rouse, Eva Torok-Pollok, Mike Youle, Sara Madge, Danielle Solomon, Aarti Nandani, Janet M. North, Nargis Hemat, Rachel Newport, Philip A. Kalra, Chukwuma Chukwu, Olivia Wickens, Vikki O'Loughlin, Hema Mistry, Louise Harrison, Robert Oliver, Anne-Marie Peers, Jess Zadik, Katie Doyle, David R. Chadwick, Kerry Colling, Caroline Wroe, Marie Branch, Alison Chilvers, Sarah Essex, Mark Stone, Alberto San Francisco Ramos, Emily Beales, Olivia Bird, Zsofia Danos, Hazel Fofie, Cecilia Hultin, Sabina Ikram, Fran Mabesa, Aoife Mescall, Josyanne Pereira, Jennifer Pearce, Natalina Sutton, Emma Snashall, David Neil Baxter, Sara Bennett, Debbie Suggitt, Kerry Hughes, Wiesia Woodyatt, Lynsey Beacon, Alissa Kent, Chris Cooper, Milan Rudic, Simon Tunstall, Matthew Jackson, Claire Hombersley, Patrick Moore, Rebecca Cutts, Andrew Higham, Marwan Bukhari, Mohamed Elnaggar, Michelle Glover, Fiona Richardson, Alexandra Dent, Shahzeb Mirza, Rajiv Ark, Jennie Han, Suzy V. Hope, Philip J. Mitchelmore, Rostam Osanlou, Andrew Freedman, Alison Cooper, Katherine Burton, Kashyap Katechia, Michael Barrett, Jo Salkeld, Natalie Hill, Nathaniel Lee, Jon Perkins, and Polly Fox
Subjects: Adult, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Trivalent influenza vaccine, medicine.medical_specialty, COVID-19 Vaccines, Adolescent, Influenza vaccine, Population, Placebo, Young Adult, Immunogenicity, Vaccine, Double-Blind Method, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, education, Adverse effect, Aged, education.field_of_study, Reactogenicity, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, COVID-19, Articles, Middle Aged, Vaccine efficacy, Vaccination, Influenza Vaccines, Seasons, business
Abstract: Background The safety and immunogenicity profile of COVID-19 vaccines when administered concomitantly with seasonal influenza vaccines have not yet been reported. We therefore aimed to report the results of a substudy within a phase 3 UK trial, by evaluating the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of NVX-CoV2373 when co-administered with licensed seasonal influenza vaccines. Methods We did a planned exploratory substudy as part of the randomised, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial of the safety and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine (NVX-CoV2373) by co-administrating the influenza vaccine at four study hospitals in the UK. Approximately, the first 400 participants meeting the main study entry criteria—with no contraindications to influenza vaccination—were invited to join the substudy. Participants of the main study were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive two intramuscular injections of either NVX-CoV2373 (5 μg) or placebo (normal saline) 21 days apart; participants enrolled into the substudy were co-vaccinated with a single (0·5 mL) intramuscular, age-appropriate (quadrivalent influenza cell-based vaccine [Flucelvax Quadrivalent; Seqirus UK, Maidenhead] for those aged 18–64 years and adjuvanted trivalent influenza vaccine [Fluad; Seqirus UK, Maidenhead] for those ≥65 years), licensed, influenza vaccine on the opposite deltoid to that of the first study vaccine dose or placebo. The influenza vaccine was administered in an open-label manner and at the same time as the first study injection. Reactogenicity was evaluated via an electronic diary for 7 days after vaccination in addition to monitoring for unsolicited adverse events, medically attended adverse events, and serious adverse events. Immunogenicity was assessed with influenza haemagglutination inhibition and SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike protein IgG assays. Vaccine efficacy against PCR-confirmed, symptomatic COVID-19 was assessed in participants who were seronegative at baseline, received both doses of study vaccine or placebo, had no major protocol deviations affecting the primary endpoint, and had no confirmed cases of symptomatic COVID-19 from the first dose until 6 days after the second dose (per-protocol efficacy population). Immunogenicity was assessed in participants who received scheduled two doses of study vaccine, had a baseline sample and at least one post-vaccination sample, and had no major protocol violations before unmasking (per-protocol immunogenicity population). Reactogenicity was analysed in all participants who received at least one dose of NVX-CoV2373 or placebo and had data collected for reactogenicity events. Safety was analysed in all participants who received at least one dose of NVX-CoV2373 or placebo. Comparisons were made between participants of the substudy and the main study (who were not co-vaccinated for influenza). This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT04583995. Findings Between Sept 28, 2020, and Nov 28, 2020, a total of 15 187 participants were randomised into the main phase 3 trial, of whom 15 139 received treatment (7569 received dose one of NVX-CoV2373 and 7570 received dose one of placebo). 431 participants were co-vaccinated with a seasonal influenza vaccine in the substudy (217 received NVX-CoV2373 plus the influenza vaccine and 214 received placebo plus the influenza vaccine). In general, the substudy participants were younger, more racially diverse, and had fewer comorbid conditions than those in the main study. Reactogenicity events were more common in the co-administration group than in the NVX-CoV2373 alone group: tenderness (113 [64·9%] of 174 vs 592 [53·3%] of 1111) or pain (69 [39·7%] vs 325 [29·3%]) at injection site, fatigue (48 [27·7%] vs 215 [19·4%]), and muscle pain (49 [28·3%] vs 237 [21·4%]). Incidences of unsolicited adverse events, treatment-related medically attended adverse events, and serious adverse events were low and balanced between the co-administration group and the NVX-CoV2373 alone group. No episodes of anaphylaxis or deaths were reported within the substudy. Co-administration resulted in no change to influenza vaccine immune response although a reduction in antibody responses to the NVX-CoV2373 vaccine was noted. NVX-CoV2373 vaccine efficacy in the substudy (ie, participants aged 18 to
Published: 2022

12. Validation of the OAKS prognostic model for acute kidney injury after gastrointestinal surgery

Author: Ahmed, W. U. R., Bhatia, S., Mclean, K. A., Khaw, R., Baker, D., Kamarajah, S. K., Bell, S., Nepogodiev, D., Harrison, E. M., Glasbey, J. C., Borakati, A., Burke, J., Drake, T. M., Bath, M. F., Claireaux, H. A., Gundogan, B., Mohan, M., Deekonda, P., Kong, C., Joyce, H., Mcnamee, L., Woin, E., Khatri, C., Fitzgerald, J. E., Bhangu, A., Arulkumaran, N., Duthie, F., Hughes, J., Pinkney, T. D., Prowle, J., Richards, T., Thomas, M., Blanco-Colino, R., Chapman, S. J., Pata, F., Pellino, G., Sgr??, A., Soares, A., van Elst, T., Van Straten, S., Knowles, C. H., Dynes, K., Patel, M., Patel, P., Wigley, C., Suresh, R., Shaw, A., Klimach, S., Jull, P., Evans, D., Preece, R., Ibrahim, I., Manikavasagar, V., Smith, R., Brown, F. S., Teo, R., Sim, D. P. Y., Logan, A. E., Barai, I., Amin, H., Suresh, S., Sethi, R., Gul, W., Bolton, W., Corbridge, O., Horne, L., Attalla, M., Morley, R., Robinson, C., Hoskins, T., Mcallister, R., Lee, S., Dennis, Y., Nixon, G., Heywood, E., Wilson, H., Ng, L., Samaraweera, S., Mills, A., Doherty, C., Belchos, J., Phan, V., Lim, M., Miller, F. A., Chouari, T., Gardner, T., Goergen, N., Hayes, J. D. B., Macleod, C. S., Mccormack, R., Mckinley, A., Mckinstry, S., Milligan, W., Ooi, L., Rafiq, N. M., Sammut, T., Sinclair, E., Smith, M., Wong, J., Ablett, A. D., Tie-Gill, T., Ramsay, G., De Paola, L., Mcguckin, S., Alshakhs, A., Ahmeidat, A., Francis, A. A., Baker, C., Boulton, A. P. R., Collins, J., Copley, H. C., Fearnhead, N., Fox, H., Mah, T., Mckenna, J., Naruka, V., Nigam, N., Nourallah, B., Perera, S., Qureshi, A., Saggar, S., Sun, L., Wang, X., Yang, D. D., Ali, Z., Mullarkey, L., Walshe, R., Lewis, E., Berry, B., Moneim, J., Mookerjee, S., Al-hadithi, A., Caroll, P., Doyle, C., Elangovan, S., Falamarzi, A., Gascon Perai, K., Greenan, E., Jain, D., Lang-Orsini, M., Lim, S., O'Byrne, L., Ridgway, P., Van der Laan, S., Arthur, J., Barclay, J., Bradley, P., Edwin, C., Finch, E., Hayashi, E., Hopkins, M., Kelly, D., Kelly, M., Mccartan, N., Ormrod, A., Pakenham, A., Christy, S., Hayward, J., Hitchen, C., Kishore, A., Martins, T., Philomen, J., Rao, R., Rickards, C., Burns, N., Copeland, M., Durand, C., Dyal, A., Ghaffar, A., Gidwani, A., Grant, M., Gribbon, C., Gruhn, A., Leer, M., Ojofeitimi, O., Carroll, L., Hylands, A., Delaugere, L. P., Reveendran, D., Ahmad, K., Beattie, G., Beatty, M., Campbell, G., Donaldson, G., Graham, S., Holmes, D., Kanabar, S., Liu, H., Mccann, C., Stewart, R., Vara, S., Coulter, C., Ralston, C., Laverty, L., Gallagher, P., Ajibola-Taylor, O., Andah, E. J. E., Ani, C., Cabdi, N. M. O., Ito, G., Jones, M., Komoriyama, A., Titu, L., Ahmed, A., Yeo, Y. Q., Elliott, D., Bennett, J., Mcnamara, M., Sivarajah, S., Dunmore, C., Basra, M., Gallogly, P., Harinath, G., Leong, S. H., Pradhan, A., Siddiqui, I., Zaat, S., Ali, A., Galea, M., Looi, W. L., J. C. K., Ng, Farhan-Alanie, M. M. H., Aitken, G., Nair, M., Aly, M. H., Buari, M., Atkin, G., Azizi, A., Cargill, Z., China, Z., Elliot, J., Jebakumar, R., Lam, J., Mudalige, G., Onyerindu, C., Renju, M., Shankar Babu, V., Ahmed, K., Sheikh, Z., Monks, M., Lehmann, J., Rotimi, O., Hussain, M., Joji, N., Lovett, B., Mownah, H., Dwyer-Hemmings, L., Busuttil, A., Powell, J., Hensher, C., Vivian, F., Ali, B., Cresswell, B., Dhillon, A. K., Dupaguntla, Y. S., Hungwe, C., Lowe-Zinola, J. D., Tsang, J. C. H., Wcislo, K., Bevan, K., Cardus, C., Duggal, A., Hossain, S., Mchugh, M., Scott, M., Millar, Z., Hirosue, S., Ogunmwonyi, I., Nakakande, D., Chan, F., Evans, R., Gurung, E., Haughey, B., Jacob-Ramsdale, B., Kerr, M., Lee, J., Mccann, E., O'Boyle, K., Reid, N., Kwek, I., Gaze, H., Nirmalanantha, A., Bin Amran, M. A., Foulkes, A., Jones, N., Lau, I. S. F., Hayat, F., Hodgson, S., Johnston, R., Jones, W., Khan, M., Linn, T., Long, S., Seetharam, P., Shaman, S., Smart, B., Pillai, S., Khoury, G., Powell, T., Maleyko, I., Sangheli, A., Ransome, M., Isse, M., Aromolaran, O., Bholah, H., Anilkumar, A., Davies, J., Griffith, J., Hughes, B., Islam, Y., Kidanu, D., Mushaini, N., Qamar, I., Robinson, H., Schramm, M., Yan Tan, C., Murray, V., Theocharidou, L., Malik, T., Janmohamed, I., Carhart, B., Khan, A., Apperley, H., Billyard, C., Blazeby, J. M., Cannon, S. P., Carse, S., G??pfert, A., Loizidou, A., Parkin, J., Sanders, E., Sharma, S., Slade, G., Telfer, R., Whybrow Huppatz, I., Worley, E., Asif, A., Hullait, R., Quinn, P., Rylance, A., Butt, S., Leathes, J., Chandramoorthy, L., Friend, C., Harris, L., Jain, P., Karim, M. J., Killington, K., Mcgillicuddy, J., Rafferty, C., Rahunathan, N., Rayne, T., Varathan, Y., Verma, N., Zanichelli, D., Arneill, M., Brown, F., Campbell, B., Crozier, L., Henry, J., Mccusker, C., Prabakaran, P., Wilson, R., Karelia, S., Clements, J. M., Rainey, M., Asif, U., Connor, M., Dindyal, S., Math, N., Pagarkar, A., Saleem, H., Seth, I., Standfield, N., Swartbol, T., Adamson, R., Choi, J. E., El Tokhy, O., Ho, W., Javaid, N. R., Mehdi, A. S., Menon, D., Plumptre, I., Sturrock, S., Turner, J., Warren, O., Joshi, N., Rahman, A., Gallagher, M., Crane, E., Ferris, B., Gadsby, C., Smallwood, J., Vipond, M., Wilson, V., Amarnath, T., Doshi, A., Gregory, C., Kandiah, K., Powell, B., Spoor, H., Toh, C., Vizor, R., Rebuffa, N., Abdelgalil, R., Siaw Yen Lai, R., Smith, E., Common, M., Dunleavy, K., Harris, S., Luo, C., Mesbah, Z., Prem Kumar, A., Redmond, A., Skulsky, S., Walsh, T., Daly, D., Deery, L., Epanomeritakis, E., Harty, M., Kane, D., Khan, K., Mackey, R., Mcconville, J., Mcginnity, K., Wong, H. L., Ang, A., Kee, J. Y., Leung, E., Norman, S., Palaniappan, S. V., Partha Sarathy, P., Yeoh, T., Frost, J., Hazeldine, P., Jones, L., Karbowiak, M., Macdonald, C., Mutarambirwa, A., Omotade, A., Runkel, M., Ryan, G., Sawers, N., Searle, C., Vig, S., Hlukha, L., Pike, G., Kamel, F., Thakkar, R., Mcauliffe, O., Ahmad, A., Mcgartland, R., Sim, R., Song, A., Wayman, J., Brown, R., Chang, L. H., Concannon, K., Crilly, C., Arnold, T. J., Burgin, A., Cadden, F., Choy, C. H., Coleman, M., Lim, D., Luk, J., Mahankali-Rao, P., Prudence-Taylor, A. J., Ramakrishnan, D., Russell, J., Fawole, A., Gohil, J., Green, B., Hussain, A., Mcmenamin, L., Tang, M., Azmi, F., Benchetrit, S., Cope, T., Haque, A., Harlinska, A., Holdsworth, R., Ivo, T., Martin, J., Nisar, T., Patel, A., Sasapu, K., Trevett, J., Vernet, G., Aamir, A., Bird, C., Durham-Hall, A., Gibson, W., Hartley, J., May, N., Maynard, V., Goble, M., Downs, E., Wheldon, L., Baggus, E., Mandal, A., Nayeem, A., Ahmed, S., Fradley, W., Johnson, S., McDonald Wood, C., O'Brien, M., Orbell, J., Stringfellow, T. D., Tenters, F., Tresidder, S., Wilson, C., Gallagher, S., Criswell, T., Ward, J., Mukkavilli, A., Stubbs, B., Fordyce, W., Cheung, W., Grant, A., Tod, N., Yi Tew, Z., Suchdev, N., Wei Lim, S., Bews-Hair, M., Lim, Z. H., Lim, S. W., Vella-Baldacchino, M., Auckburally, S., Chopada, A., Easdon, S., Goodson, R., Mccurdie, F., Narouz, M., Radford, A., Rea, E., Taylor, O., Yu, T., Sookramanien, S. R., Chan, A., Bointas, G., Alfa-Wali, M., Amani, L., Auluck, I., Bruce, P., Emberton, J., Kumar, R., Lagzouli, N., Mehta, A., Murtaza, A., Raja, M., Dennahy, I. S., Frew, K., Given, A., Y. Y., He, Karim, M. A., Macdonald, E., Mcdonald, E., Mcvinnie, D., S. K., Ng, Pettit, A., Berthaume-Hawkins, S. D., Charnley, R., Fenton, K., Jones, D., Murphy, C., J. Q., Ng, Reehal, R., Seraj, S. S., Shang, E., Tonks, A., White, P., Yeo, A., Paul, M., Ward, K. L., Bagnall, M., Chong, P., Gabriel, R., Patel, N., Richardson, E., Symons, L., Aubrey-Jones, D., Dawood, S., Dobrzynska, M., Faulkner, S., Griffiths, H., Mahmood, F., Perry, M., Power, A., Simpson, R., Pherwani, S. A., Wang, K., Mitchell, L., Heyworth, J., Ayyar, S., Brobbey, P., Burrows, A., Elder, P., Ganyani, R., Horseman, C., Hurst, P., Mann, H., Marimuthu, K., Mcbride, S., Pilsworth, E., Powers, N., Stanier, P., Obukofe, R., Polson, R., Mason, D., Mackenzie, E., Innes, R., Kersey, T., Kopczynska, M., Langasco, N., Rajagopal, R., Russell, C., Doyle, N., Habib, Z., Zardab, M., Sartaj, F., Farooq, H., Tabibi, M., Imam, L., Atkins, B., Beasley, W., Cheng Lim, Z., Gill, A., Li Ang, H., Williams, H., Yogeswara, T., Drury, D. J., James, S. J., Barnett, R., Teasdale, A. B., Richardson, E. T. J., Thomas, D. A., Williams, R. L., Najabat-Lattif, H. F., Akram, B., Carter, R., Fam, M., Fong, J., Latter, J., Long, M., Mackinnon, S., Mckenzie, C., Osmanska, J., Raghuvir, V., Shafi, A., Tsang, K., Walker, L., Cahya, E., Lou, G., Coyle, M., Homyer, K., Zhu, L. Y., Woods, M., Bountra, K., Coldicutt, O., Fletcher, D., Hudson, S., Iqbal, S., Lopez Bernal, T., Martin, J. W. B., Moss-Lawton, F., Suchett-Kay, I., Chang, J., O'Callaghan, H., Suchett-Kaye, I., Mihailidis, T. H., Cardwell, A., Edgerton, K., Laws, J., Rai, A., Robinson, K., Waite, K., Youssef, H., Alawattegama, H., Seite, E., Barrett, A., Riordan, E., Lam, W., Dowdeswell, M., Mulvenna, C., Knight, C., Koo, P. Y., Lazarou, A., Stanger, S., Thorn, C., Triniman, M. C., Netke, T., Awokoya, O., Gurowich, L., Dhera, K., Hossaini, S., Botha, A., Boyles, L., Cumming, S., Deepak, S., Ezzat, A., Fowler, A. J., Gwozdz, A. M., Hussain, S. F., Khan, S., Li, H., Lu Morrell, B., Neville, J., Nitiahpapand, R., Pickering, O., Sagoo, H., Sharma, E., Welsh, K., Williams, L., Hayat, S., Tincknell, L., Spazzapan, M., Teeling, F., Sysum, K., Denley, S., Latter, M., Agarwal, M., Al-Saadi, N., Bhambra, R., Gupta, A., Jawad, Z. A. R., Jiao, L. R., Mahir, G., Singagireson, S., Thoms, B. L., Tseu, B., Wei, R., Yang, N., Britton, N., Leinhardt, D., Mahfooz, M., Palkhi, A., Price, M., Sheikh, S., Barker, M., Bowley, D., Cant, M., Datta, U., Farooqi, M., Lee, A., Morley, G., Naushad Amin, M., Parry, A., Patel, S., Strang, S., Yoganayagam, N., Guruswamy, M., Beedham, W., Brazier, E., Elghobashy, M., Bajaj, M., Etel, E., Adlan, A., Chandramoorthy, S., Choudhary, Y., Das, K., Feldman, M., France, B., Grace, R., Puddy, H., Soor, P., Kisiel, A., Woodmass, M., Hayden, H., Ali, Y., Husain, S., Ali, M., Dhillon, P., Faraj, A., Gerard, L., Glover, M., Imran, H., Kim, S., Patrick, Y., Peto, J., Prabhudesai, A., Tang, A., Vadgama, N., Dhaliwal, R., Ecclestone, T., Harris, A., Ong, D., Patel, D., Philp, C., Stewart, E., Wang, L., Wong, E., Xu, Y., Ashaye, T., Fozard, T., Galloway, F., Kaptanis, S., Mistry, P., Nguyen, T., Olagbaiye, F., Osman, M., Philip, Z., Rembacken, R., Tayeh, S., Theodoropoulou, K., Liu, F. Y., Arnold, A., Pedersen, A. C., Cunha, P., Ahmed, M., Al Zawawi, S., Kudva, V., Herman, A., Lau, J., Saha, A., Trotter, M., Miscampbell, M., Robinson, A. V., Johnston, J., Dharni, A., Lamb, S., Westerman, T., Adeleye, O., Cave, D., Gunwa, T., Magalh??es, J., Makwana, S., Mason, R., Parish, M., Regan, H., Renwick, P., Roberts, G., Salekin, D., Sivakumar, C., Tariq, A., Liew, I., Mcdade, A., Stewart, D., Evans, E., Campbell, L., Gillespie, M., Cheong, C. M., Hague, M., Hudson-Peacock, N., Jackson, C. E. S., James, F., Pitt, J., Walker, E. Y., Kulathevanayagam, K., Varghese, A., Ike, S. I., Aftab, R., Ang, J. J., Anwar, S., Battle, J., Budd, E., Chui, J., Crook, H., Davies, P., Easby, S., Hackney, E., Ho, B., Imam, S. Z., Rammell, J., Chu, T. S. M., Baljer, B., Mogg, J. A. W., Rai, P., Andrews, H., Perry, C., Schinle, P., Ahmed, P., Aquilina, T., Balai, E., Church, M., Cumber, E., Curtis, A., Davies, G., Dumann, E., Greenhalgh, S., Kim, P., King, S., Metcalfe, K. H. M., Passby, L., Redgrave, N., Soonawalla, Z., Waters, S., Zornoza, A., Claireaux, H., Williams, M., Smillie, R., Goetz, J., Appleby, E., Fadipe, T., Vaughan-Burleigh, S., Davies, R., Gulzar, I., Hole, J., Hull, K., Ishaq, H., Karaj, J., Kelkar, A., Love, E., Thakrar, D., Vine, M., Waterman, A., James, P., Puri, G., Hussain, P., Flather, R., Cutler, A., Pathak, S., Sheldon, J., Collicott, T., al-Ausi, M., Ko, M., Dib, N. P., Francis, N., Hanson, M., Ingleton, R., Sadanand, K. S., Sukirthan, N., Mondal, A., Jovaisaite, A., Shah, S. M., Khalid, N., Gutmann, D., Davison, S., Alame, Y. J., Syed, L., Owen, W. J., Arnell, S., Ball, M., Bassam, N., Beghal, G., Chang, A., Dawe, V., George, A., Huq, T., Ikram, B., Kanapeckaite, L., Ramjas, D., Rushd, A., Sait, S., Serry, M., Yardimci, E., Kalderon, R., Ahsan, S. D., Anthony-Uzoeto, U., Macleod Hall, C., Zheng, S., Wynter, K., Capella, S., Chenciner, L., Episkopos, C., Karam, E., Mccarthy, C., Moore-Kelly, W., Watson, N., Nadama, H. H., James, C., Sapre, D., Ghosh, R., Baird, J., Cockburn, L., Blackwood, O., Simpson, W., Ahluwalia, V., Barnfield, J., Ben-Gal, O., Bloom, I., Gharatya, A., Khodatars, K., Merchant, N., Moonan, A., Moore, M., Patel, K., Spiers, H., Sundaram, K., Jeong, S., Bishop, S., Black, J., Chadwick, H., Huisman, L., Ingram, H., Martin, L., Metcalfe, M., Sangal, P., Seehra, J., Thatcher, A., Venturini, S., Whitcroft, I., Bate, R., Hobson, C., Adam, A. H., Redclift, C., Do, J., Poli, F., Batterham, A., Brown, S., Pandya, A., Afzal, Z., Gani, A., Gomaa, A., Hussein, N., S. Y., Oh, Pazhaniappan, N., Sharkey, E., Sivagnanasithiyar, T., Williams, C., Yeung, J., Parekh, J. N., Clay, W., Pieri, K., Jackson, A., Saxena, A., Gurung, B., Oyebola, T., O'Brien, F., Reilly, S., Cruddas, L., Gurjar, S., Pau, A., Prakash, R., Randhawa, R., Djeugam, B., Gardezi, S., Ul-Hasan, S., Martin-Hernandez, M. P., Sisley, M., Modi, S., Antakia, R., Archer, J., Chen, L., Eiben, I., Naylor, M., Osei-Bordom, D., Trenear, R., Bannard-Smith, J., Griffiths, N., Patel, B. Y., Saeed, F., Al-Saraff, Z., Elbayouk, A., Soh, Y. J., Mather, J., Yusuf, Z., Al-Sarraf, Z., Naja, M., Rassool, S. B., Convill, J., Auty, C., Abdikadir, H., Bennett, M., Church, R., Clements, S. E., Court, J., Delvi, A., Hubert, J., Macdonald, B., Mansour, F., Patel, R. R., Perris, R., Small, S., Tam, J. P. H., Nikookam, Y., Warsame, A., Pace, C., Kiandee, M., Ridwan, R., Carey, C., Hirri, F., Betts, A., Brown, N., Chong, A., Croitoru, C., Grey, A., Hickland, P., Ho, C., Hollington, D., Mckie, L., Nelson, A. R., Stewart, H., Eiben, P., Nedham, M., Ali, I., Brown, T., Hunt, C., Joyner, C., Mcalinden, C., Roberts, J., Rogers, D., Thachettu, A., Tyson, N., Vaughan, R., Yasin, T., Powell-Chandler, A., Mcmillan, M. J. A., Ling, J. J., Pendelbury, L., Kerimzade, K., Howard, E. O., Humayun, S., Wadsworth, O. J., Roche, C. D., Andrew, K., Bhamra, N., Leong, S., Mistry, R., Noble, H., Rashed, F., Walker, N. R., Watson, L., Worsfold, M., Yarham, E., Wood, F., Arshad, A., Barmayehvar, B., Cato, L., Chan-lam, N., Do, V., Leong, A., Zheleniakova, T., Tan, K., Abdelhameed, F., Haglund, C., Radnaeva, I., Hu, N., Rambhatla, S., Waldron, D., Madahar, P., Malik, S., Coppel, J., Hussain, S. T., Mahmood, R., Nourzaie, R., Sheik-Ali, S., Thomas, A., Alagappan, A., Ashour, R., Bains, H., Diamond, J., Gordon, J., Ibrahim, B., Khalil, M., Mittapalli, D., Neo, Y. N., Patil, P., Peck, F. S., Reza, N., Swan, I., Whyte, M., Campbell, A., Meney, L. C., Kang, C. K., Chiu, J. Z. J., Livie, V., Livie, J., Chaudhry, S., Hernon, J., Khawar, H., O'Brien, J., Pullinger, M., Rothnie, K., Ujjal, S., Gorgievska, R. e. b. e. c. c. a., Pooley, G., Shishkin, B., Gorgievska, R., Docherty, J., Southgate, A., Coomes, A., Chaudhry, F. A., Bhatte, S., Curtis, J., Green, S., Mayer, A., Watkinson, G., Ragavoodoo, A., Mercer, L., Mercer, C., Chapple, K., Hawthorne, T., Khaliq, M., Majkowski, L., Malik, T. A. M., Mclauchlan, K., Ng Wei En, B., O'Connor, T., Parton, S., Robinson, S. D., Saat, M. I., Shurovi, B. N., Varatharasasingam, K., Ward, A. E., Behranwala, K., Bertelli, M., Cohen, J., Duff, F., Fafemi, O., Gupta, R., Manimaran, M., Mayhew, J., Peprah, D., Wong, M. H. Y., Morice, O., Burzic, A., Cheung, J., Shashidhara, A., Theodoraki, G., Birk, J., Ong, A., Farmer, N., Houghton, C., Kandhari, N., Ladha, D., Mayes, J., Mclennan, F., Panahi, P., Seehra, H., Agrawal, R., Ahmed, I., Ali, S., Birkinshaw, F., Choudhry, M., Gokani, S., Harrogate, S., Jamal, S., Nawrozzadeh, F., Swaray, A., Szczap, A., Warusavitarne, J., Abdalla, M., Asemota, N., Cullum, R., Hartley, M., Maxwell-Armstrong, C., Phillips, J., Yule, A., Ahmed, L., Clement, K. D., Craig, N., Elseedawy, E., Gorman, D., Kane, L., Moss, E., Naasan, A., Ravi, F., Shields, P., Zhu, Y., Palmer, C., Melaugh, T., Hall, J. D., Kouli, O., Hassane, A. S. I., Azhar, A. W., Tan, T. K., Archer, M., Cobley, H., Dennis, R., Downes, C., Guevel, B., Lamptey, E., Murray, H., Radhakrishnan, A., Saravanabavan, S., Sardar, M., Shaw, C., Tilliridou, V., Wright, R., Ye, W., Davidson, K., Perchard, W., Scurr, T., Campbell, E., Kelk, L., Ghosh, A., Gibbins, A., Mala, D., Alturki, N., Helliwell, R., Jones, E., Lambotharan, S., Scott, K., Sivakumar, R., Victor, L., Hall, O., Mecia, L., Hew, C., Varathan, K., Tong, L., Chandrasekar, B., Boraluwe-Rallage, H., Froggatt, P., Haynes, S., Hung, Y. M. A., Keyte, A., Matthews, L., Haray, P., John, I., Mathivanan, A., Morgan, L., Oji, O., Okorocha, C., Rutherford, A., Stageman, N., Tsui, A., Whitham, R., Giacci, L., Buchanan, E., O'Connell, M., Kwak, S. Y., Ong, E. H., Gardner, S., Lim, J., Maden, C., Illahi, M., Amoah-Arko, A., Cecil, E., Dietrich, A., Fitzpatrick, H., Guy, C., Hair, J., Hilton, J., Jawad, L., Mcaleer, E., Taylor, Z., Yap, J., Hale, J., Xuan Tan, Z., Edwards, S., Akhbari, M., Debnath, D., Dhir, T., Elbuzidi, M., Elsaddig, M., Glace, S., Khawaja, H., Koshy, R., Lal, K., Lobo, L., Mcdermott, A., Meredith, J., Qamar, M. A., Vaidya, A., Acquaah, F., Barfi, L., Carter, N., Gnanappiragasam, D., Ji, C., Kaminski, F., Lawday, S., Mackay, K., Sulaiman, S. K., Webb, R., Ananthavarathan, P., Dalal, F., Farrar, E., Hashemi, R., Hossain, M., Jiang, J., Lex, J., Mason, L., Matthews, J. H., Mcgeorge, E., Modhwadia, S., Pinkney, T., Radotra, A., Rickard, L., Rodman, L., Sales, A., Tan, K. L., Stahl, R., Stahl, J., Hickman, A., Collett, D., Goolam-Mahomed, Z., Allen, B., Atiyah, A., Ahmad, H., Jones, J., Bachi, A., Bajwa, D. S., Brown, L. R., Butler, A., Calciu, A., Davies, E., Gardner, I., Girdlestone, T., Ikogho, O., Keelan, G., O'Loughlin, P., Tam, J., Elias, J., Ngaage, M., Thompson, J., Bristow, S., Brock, E., Davis, H., Pantelidou, M., Sathiyakeerthy, A., Singh, K., Gan, F. W., Mcgregor, O., Ogundiya, E., Boulbadaoui, A., Kirnon-Jackman, O., Ntakomyti, E., Chaudhry, A., Dickson, G., Glen, P., Gregoriou, K., Hamid, H., Mclean, A., Mehtaji, P., Neophytou, G., Potts, S., Lim, Q. X., Peckham, H., Yong, S. Q., Chen, J. Y., Siva, S., Sam, Z. H., Gilani, M., Belgaid, D. R., Durno, J., Ghailan, N., Henshaw, V., Nazir, U. R., Omar, I., Riley, B. J., Smart, G., Van Winsen, K., Makin-Taylor, R., Goh, Y. N., Muthukumar, M. G., Phillips, S., Tjoakarfa, J., Giri, A., Suresan, S., Bhatti, A., Chan, M., D'Auria, M., Keshvala, C., Michaelidou, M., Simmonds, L., Smith, C., Wimalathasan, A., Hey, C. Y., Thavayogan, R., Thomas, P., Johnson, T. A., Williams, R. 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V., Radulovic, R., Milo??evic, K., Bojicic, J., Gencic, M., Jankovic, U., Jovanovic, M., El Kasmy El Kasmi, Y., G??mez Jurado, M. J., Alberti Delgado, P., Bordanova Reverter, A., G??mez del Pulgar, A., Belzunce-Cap??, J. F., Verdaguer Tremolosa, M., Lin, Q., P??rez-Ajates, S., Ramayo D??az, N., Gonz??lez Caraballo, I., Pascual Vicente, T., Orue-Echebarria, M. I., S??nchez-Calvo, L., Wang, D., Trueba-Collado, C., Morales Bernaldo de Quir??s, J. T., Anabitarte Bautista, O., Yebes, A., Espin-Basany, E., Clerc, D., Mignon, G., Vanoni, A., Henkens, A., Jarrar, G., Odovic, M., Willemin, M., Milliet, O., Hahnloser, D., Demartines, N., Curchod, P., Ciubotaru, C., Popescu, S., Popescu, S. S., Piras, K., Ciubotaru, C. I., Yanishev, A., Luzan, R., Lutovinova, E., Gavrilina, A., Barkovskaya, A., Kudelkina, N., Topchubaev, D., Ozkan, B. B., Yagiz Sen, A., Aktas, M. K., Aykun, N., Agca, M. H., Bilen, C., Kilinc, I., Atar, C., Kilic, V., Aktuna, C., Aba, M., Eray, I. C., Baki, B. 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P., B??nnerup, K., Brigand, C., Dumange, E., Gout, M., Moehwald, C., Prem, M., Krupp, J., Alhalabi, O., Sliwinski, S., Gablenz, E., Seiboldt, T., Beck, L., Pohl, L. J., Zamzow, K., Betge, F., Poncelet, A., Truant, M., Hauschild, H., Neugebauer, N., D??rr-Harim, C., Schmitzer, L., Kopp, A., Steinle, J., Gsenger, J., Riccardi, M., Christodoulou, I. M., Zoikas, A., Machairas, N., Paspala, A., Papaconstantinou, D., Spartalis, E., Arkadopoulos, N., Prodromidou, A., Garoufalia, Z., Balalis, D., Manatakis, D. K., Kalles, V., Spyrou, I., Barkolias, C., Aguilera, M. L., Mendez, D., Rosales, J., Flores, M., Garcia, M., Garcia, A., Noriega, Z., Torselli, D., Rodriguez, J., Argenti, F., Milani, M. S., Malabarba, S., Giambartolomei, G., Vella, I., Gronchi, F., Ruggieri, A., Marano, L., Fleres, F., Lovisetto, F., Barberis, A., Serra, D., Sasia, D., Geretto, P., Pellegrino, L., Borghi, B., Marano, A., Corino, C., Cannata, G., Giuffrida, M. 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P., Scaramuzzo, R., Larcinese, A., Fioriti, C., Picone, E., Nardi, M., Di Candido, F., Spinelli, A., Marco, M., Bevilacqua, M., Maroli, A., Colombo, F., Cigognini, M., Zaffaroni, G., Maffioli, A., Colombo, S., Bondurri, A., Sampietro, G., Foschi, D., Perrone, G., Bonati, E., Aresu, S., Saba, A., Biancafarina, A., Angelini, M., Andolfi, E., Miranda, E., Scricciolo, M., Provenza, G., Cavallina, G., Frezza, B., Fontani, A., Malatesti, R., Pellican??, G. A., Ceccarelli, G., Canonico, G., Falsetti, E., Pagnanelli, M., De Nardi, P., Rosati, R., Marcocci, G., Vignali, A., Quattromani, R., Curletti, G., Galleano, R., Malerba, M., Percivale, A., Ghazouani, O., Reggiani, L., Spirito, C., Bini, R., de Manzoni Garberini, A., Impellizzeri, H., Moretto, G., Bacchion, M., Casaril, A., Inama, M., Creciun, M., Vitali, M., Cillara, N., Mosino, L., Peddis, M., Melis, S., De Donno, G., Aru, A. C., Loche, G. A., Tutino, R., Licari, L., Campanella, S., Profita, G., Falco, N., Rotolo, G., Venturelli, P., De Marco, P., Marcian??, M., Picciariello, A., Chetta, N., Aquilino, F., Papagni, V., Coletta, D., Cerasari, S., Galiffa, G., Lapolla, P., Del Basso, C., Cirillo, B., De Toma, G., Fazzi, K., Bini, S., De Padua, C., Savino, G., Finotti, E., Ferrara, F., Stella, M., Gobatti, D., Tamini, N., Brenna, R., Giani, A., Tirotta, F., Famularo, S., Angrisani, M., Ceresoli, M., Talamo, G., Sucameli, F., Gennai, A., Moggia, E., Bianchi, C., Bonfante, P., Macina, S., Feleppa, C., Imperatore, M., Berti, S., Parini, D., Lanari, J., Giamundo, P., lo Conte, A., Pagano, G., Manigrasso, M., Danzi, M., Amato, R., Anastasio, L., Mastella, F., Basile, R., Peltrini, R., Marra, E., Luglio, G., Giglio, M., Anoldo, P., Vertaldi, S., Grimaldi, L., Tammaro, N., Ripetti, V., D'Alessio, R., Benvenuto, D., Pesce, A., Menduni, N., Giudicissi, R., Zalla, T., Baraghini, M., Romoli, L., Calussi, M., Vellei, S., Genzano, C., Feroci, F., Vita, M., Giani, I., Goldin, E., Ciccioli, E., Galgano, A., Zuin, M., Bettella, A., Barina, A., Vendramin, E., Palano, G., Schiavone, D., Rega, D., La Manna, V., Migliore, G., Aversano, A., Fares Bucci, A., Belli, A., Andriola, V., Lafranceschina, S., Gordini, L., Erdas, E., Podda, F., Cappellacci, F., Salaris, C., Sanna, S., Marcialis, J., Longheu, A., Foppa, C., Coratti, F., Montanelli, P., Grandi, S., Nelli, T., Ben Khaled, N., Cammelli, F., Ferrini, E., Billo, M. E., Piccolo, G., Romano, S., Gaetano, P., Pilotta, F., Baldassarre, L., Birindelli, A., D'Errico, U., Bianchini, S., Ferrari, C., Franceschi, A., Caristo, G., Ballarini, Z., Romelli, M., Ruggiero, S., Percassi, A., Milone, M., De Rosa, M., Pipitone Federico, N. S., Molteni, B., Magri Piccinini, A., Tilocca, P. L., Marrosu, A. G., Scognamillo, F., Pala, C., Attene, F., Carboni, L., Ruggiu, M. W., Gabbas, G., Sancini, G., Roggiani, A., Balsamo, F., Gori, A., Cuicchi, D., Vittori, L., Piozzi, G. N., Tringali, D., Bevilacqua, E., Panizzo, V., Lauretta, A., Poillucci, G., Mulas, S., Simcikas, D., Samalavicius, N. E., Nutautiene, V., Zeromskas, P., Jurgaitis, J., Aliosin, O., Slepavicius, A., Eismontas, V., Kybransiene, M., Portelli, L., Cachia, C., Cefai, C., Youssef, Y., Degaetano, D., Debono, S., Sammut, M., Cassar, J., Sammut, K., Andrejevic, P., van Wijnbergen, J. W. M., Dinger, T. L., ten Doesschate, S. F. H., van Dalen, A. S. H. M., Looijen, R. C., Becker, M. A. J., Comert, D., Stellingwerf, M. E., Abdulrahman, N., van den Bos, D. D., Gr??ter, A., Vroom, Y., Voeten, D. M., Feenstra, T., de Roy van Zuidewijn, D., Hansmann, M., Nasimi, B., Gerdsen, M., Stijns, R. C. H., Leow, T. Y. S., Penningnieuwland, G., Davids, J., Medina Feliz, J., Kuiper, S. Z., Sluijpers, N. R. F., van de Pas, K. G. H., Pruijssers, S. R., Molenaar, C. J. L., Thomas, G., Farik, S., Chen, S. Y., Kilpatrick, K., Kim, D. H., Ong, H. I., Elliott, B. M., Geneta, V. P., Alsadat, R., Cherry, R., Chapman, D. A., Singh, N., Clucas, A., Gatenby, G., Kelly, B., Ruppeldt, P., Mcintosh, N. D., Li, Y., Wilton, S., Mclaughlin, S. J. P., Kearney, J., Sprosen, H., Kerckhoffs, P., Kandelaki, H., Welman, D., Coulter, J., Morreau, M., Li, E., Rankin, A., Winders, J., Skipworth, C., Peng, S. L., Campbell, S., Lim, Y. K., Yassaie, S. S., Dixon, S., Yassaie, S., Murray, M., Haran, C., Koh, S., Wilms, H., Dalzell, F., Tewhaiti-Smith, J., Kader, T., Yam, S. T., Dahya, D., Hardie Boys, M., Fleischl, W., Desmond, B., Tan, J., Skavysh, A., Castro, J., Orelhas, L., Santos, J., Pacheco, A., Rocha, A. F., Jervis, M. J., Pedro, V., Paix??o, V., Guerreiro, A., Melo, D., Laranjeira, A., Machado, A., Horta, V., Rocha-Melo, M., Patr??cio, J., Pereira, M., Lima, R., Cinza, A. M., Oliveira, J., Velez, C., Senhorinho, R., Catarino, S., Aveiro, D., Couto, M., Loureiro, A. R., Neves-Marques, C., Louro, T., Morgado, M., Ferreira, A. S., Alves, M., Oliveira, N., L??rias, R., Estalagem, I., Botelho, C., Alves-Vale, C., Correia, J. G., Jardim, J. A. M., Domingos, S. P., Bai??o, J. M., Rocha, B. S., Lopes, N. M. R. O., Jord??o, D. M., ngelo, M. D., Caro??o, T., Vieira, B. N., Silva, A. G., Galv??o, D., Mora, A., Bettencourt, R., Quintela, A. C., Alves, D., Dias, B., Costa, C., Gon??alves, J. P., Valente, P., Freire, L., Saraiva, R., Moreira, M., Peixoto, R., Serra, M. L., Santos, T. C., Lages, R. R., Pimentel, A., Martins, M., Maciel, J., B??rtolo, J., Fidalgo Antunes, C., Cabral, F., Brito Silva, F., Dias Matos, A., Santos, M., Cunha, R., Duarte, M., Sousa, M., Cunha, M., Neves, J., M??nica, I., Oliveira, S., Ribeiro, H., Ferreira, M., Guimar??es, N., Azevedo, J., Louro, H., Queiros, T., Castro, B., Fonseca, S., Carvalho, L., Torre, A. P., Amado, A., Leite, M., Romano, M., Gomes, J. R., Monteiro, R. G., Eir??, F., Borges, F., Sim??es, J., Botelho, P., Cismasiu, B., Romano, J., Monteiro, C., Silva, M., Claro, M., Almeida, P., Cruz, A., Vaz Pinto, G., Sousa, D., Costa Santos, D., Silva, A., Silva, F., Almeida, M. R., Parreira, R., Faustino, A., Medeiros, N., Castro, R., Soares, B., Resendes, M., Peyroteo, M., Canotilho, R., Correia, A. M., Martins, P. C., Machado, N. D., S??, T. C., Bernardes, F. M., Saraiva, P., Almeida, J., Mendes, M., Fernandes, V., Ribeiro, A., Soares, D., Capote, H., Fialho, G., Reia, M., Pratas, N., Costa, J., Morais, S., Miranda, P., Cunha, C., Sousa, X., Amado, F., Batista, A., Seabra, J., Praxedes, V., Monteiro, N., Martins, I., Lamas, M., Devesa, H., Miranda, J., Martins, S. F., Cavadas, D., Silva, R., Pina, S., Paix??o, I., Frade, S., Guerreiro, I., Tom??, M., Patrocinio, S., Costa, M., Rosete, M., Senaratne, R., Kakodkar, P., Balasubramanian, I., Hogan, A., Al-Salihi, A., Vyas, V., Vedadi, A., English, C., Mohammed, N., Dervan, L., Kang, S. J., Morrissey, E., Compton, M., Litvin, A., Romanova, E., Ponomarev, N., Savchenko, A., M??sz??rosov??, K., Zubowicz, M., Such??n, P. K., Gerstmeier, J., Brazitikou, E., Fytrou, E., Celik, M., Dubovsk??, M., Schmalenbeck, J., Sautter, S. C., Ceyran, H., Panyko, A., Jaich, R., Fitchat, N., De Lima, H., Withey, K., Piperidis, A., Toyi, Y., Nicolaides, A., Brooks, S., Jaffer, T., Sparke, A., Van Staden, N., Mcduling, C. R., Claassen, L., Van Vuuren, S., Marx, M., Kruger, C., Weyers, J., Lecler, J., Nshalati Salvation, M., Mathebula, S., Chauke, J., Mculu, W., Ngwenya, Z., Cardo, J. Garc??a., Mora-Guzm??n, I., Sancho Muriel, J., de Andres Olabarria, U., Casaval Cornejo, L., Vicente Rodr??guez, I., Jim??nez Escovar, F., Calvo Fern??ndez, M., Portugal Mart??nez, A., Badiola Bergara, I., Landaluce Olavarria, A., del Pozo Andr??s, E., Muriel, P., Mestres, N., Cuello, E., Merichal, M., Sierra, J. E., Escoll, J., Rufas, M., Pinillos, A. I., Ortega, J., Cerd??n, C., Jimenez Vi??as, C., Alconchel, F., Mart??nez D??az, J. M., Ruiz Manzanera, J. J., Navarro Barrios, ??., Rodr??guez Pedre??o, L., Moreno, P. Garc??a., G??mez, M. Garc??a., Rodrigues, K., Abrisqueta, J., Esteban Sinovas, O., Oro, C. Fair??n., L??pez Otero, M., Toimil, C. Samart??n., Primo ??lvarez, J. C., Rodriguez Fernandez, L., Paniagua Garcia Se??orans, M., Figueroa Jim??nez, S., Livianos Arias-Camis??n, P., Nieto Arranz, J. M., Mateos Sexmero, M. J., Diego Alonso, E., Gonz??lez Amor, L., Claramonte Bellmunt, O., Mart??nez Caballero, J., Rubio-P??rez, I., Ramos Martin, P., Mate Mate, P., Marcano Chavez, C., Rubio-Perez, I., Ayllon, H., Aguilar-Mart??nez, M. M., Arroyo, A., Segura-Sampedro, J. J., Jer??-McFarlane, S., Soldevila-Verdeguer, C., Pine??o-Flores, C., Ambrona-Zafra, D., Fern??ndez-Vega, L., Gil-Catal??n, A., Craus-Miguel, A., Pujol-Cano, N., Sena-Ruiz, F., Olmedo Moreno, C., Pastor Idoate, C., Negre Parra, D., Soriano Li??bana, M. M., Campo Betancourth, C. F., Sevila Mico, S., Est??vez Diz, A. M., Mart??n-Balbuena, R., Garc??a-Vico, A., Roman-Rando, A., S??nchez-G??lvez, M. ??., Bersabe-Alonso, I. M., Vadillo-Bohorquez, A., Bustamante Recuenco, C., Calzada, M. G., Recuenco, C. B., Martin, M. C., Licardie Bola??os, R. E., Garcia Orozco, J. J., Ferrusola Diaz, D. A., Garcia Jimenez, M. L., Castro Diez, L., Mosquera Fernandez, C., Fern??ndez, P., Platero Diago, J., Veras Lista, M., Rif?? Terricabras, S., Butler Sanz, L., Alberch Camprub??, E., Rico Ferr??ndez, M., Puig Lao, E., De Pablo Mir??, M., D??az Padillo, A., Padilla Zegarra, E. D., Franco, M., Martinez, A., Forero-Torres, A., Alonso-Poza, A., Dieguez, B., Losada, M., Gilsanz, C., Alberdi San Rom??n, I., Ramos Jim??nez, F. A., P??rez Ortega, A., Trujillo Barbadillo, A., Romero Pujana, E., Fernandez Illera, M. V., Salvador Ros??s, H., Delisau Puig, O., Castro, A., Codony Bassols, C., Fernandes, N., damez, J. Garc??a., Caula Freixa, C., G??mez Romeu, N., Merayo ??lvarez, M., Merayo Alvarez, M., Alonso Batanero, E., Canales, I. Cifri??n., Villarejo Campos, P., Alberca-Paramo, A., Alia Verdejo, T., Ca??ete-Manzanares, J., Molina-Florez, M., Hern??ndez, L. C. Garc??a., Orozco Nu??ez, S., Suarez-Sanchez, M., Martin-Fernandez, J., Estaire Gomez, M., Lopes Moreira, C. C., Gutierrez Rios, R. D., Eizaguirre Ubegun, M., Novo Sukia, I., Uribe Isado, M., Iba??ez Alda, M., Enriquez-Navascues, J. M., Uriol Peralta, P., Lima Pinto, F., N????ez O??Sullivan, S., Serrano Navidad, M., Vivas Angeles, P., Vives Figueras, R., Baena Sanfeliu, E., Campillo Alonso, B., Alberich Prats, M., Duran Arrocha, J., Cornell?? Garceso, N., Uribe Galeano, C., Collado-Roura, F., Ripoll??s-Melchor, J., Garcea, A., G??mez Facundo, H., Troncoso Pereira, P., Garcia, J. M., Gil, A., Giordano, H. E., P??rez Guarinos, C. V., Blaser, B., Imadalou, L., Piazza, G., Teixeira, H., Pittet, O., Gaspar, S., Gagliardi, B., Haller, M. L., Huot, A., Yurdaor, S. S., Alim, Y. E., Binbuga, M., K??rkl??, ??., Ceylan, C., Yilmaz, S., alar, S. N., Yildirim, N., Yavuz, G., Biyiklioglu, O., Kopac, O., Baykan, B., Abbasguliyev, H., Mutlu, V., Mahmoudi, Y., Dossa, S. A. A., Mizan, S. R., Demirtas, B., Cavus, T., Yuksek, A., Karabulut, K., Uyanik, A., Kargici, K., Banaz, T., Abdulrahman, S. M. F., Yesilsancak, M., Yanikoglu, E., Karabulut, A., Kuyumcu, O. F., Kutluk, F., Tunc, E., Ozmen, B. B., Kurtoglu, G. K., Sel, E. K., Isler, V. C., Yilmaz, B. S., Adiyaman, C., Kara, M., Demirkaya, H. C., Korkmaz, H. K., Pektas, A. M., Mutlu, D., Tiftik, E., Aksoy, A. B., Karag??z, E., Sabanci, R., T??mer, S. S., Sarig??l, L., Aksoy, B., Emiroglu, B., Mollavelioglu, B., Gereklioglu, D., Guler, M., Toprak, S., Afsar, H. B., Guler, S. E., Alizade, E., Aydin, T., Yalcinkaya, A., Erdem, M., Kayacan, S., Sahin, C., Uysal, M., Karakus, K., Altiner, S., Demirci, Z. S., Eren, E., Yavas, M., Dogan, H., Ozoglu, F., Mazlum, S. S., Yelkenci, C., Baran, T., Satilmisoglu, M., Sahin, A. Z., Kilin??, A., Isik, K., Kocer, M. D., G??ner, B., Islek, E. C., Tombul, H. B., Boztug, C. Y., Tinaz, A., Yilmaz, M., Karaman, Y., Akin, F. A., Dansuk, S., Bas??avus, M., Kaya, M., Kutlu, B., Akyol, C., Bilicen, G., Yarenci, E., Demiroglu, Y., Sunal, A., Cinar, E. N., Tipi, O. U., Benli, G. E., Tasdelen, I., Tura, A., Ucar, A., Ekci, B., Bilgili, A. C., Kiraz, I. N., Aksoy, H., Basak, A., Karip, B., Uslu, ??., Seker, M. C., Erten, V., Memis, U., Ko??ak, Z. B., Karapinar, Y. E., Fakirullahoglu, M., K??seoglu, E., Yeni, M., Uygur, F. A., Kaya, Y., zen, D., lmez, M., Altintas, E., Toklu, R., Sari??i??ek, T., Isik, A. E., Demirci, K., Suresh, G., Anbarasan, J., Rehman, S., Hu, E., Timms, S., Reynolds, W., Hotchkies, A., Misra, V., Finch, B. J., Philip Rajathasan, T., Jeddy, H., Kyaw, H. A., Wong, N., Bhahirathan, Y., Donaldson, C., Sequeira Campos, M., Armitage, M. N., Hussain, A. S., Hardy, B., Hassan Serry, M. Y., Herron, J., Thakrar, C., Rojoa, D., Yeap, B., Iqbal, Z., Rojoa, D. M., Cabaleiro Barciela, C., Ruddy, C. M., Lindwe, S., Qamar, Y., Chuita, S., James, A., Bugelli, M., Chechelnitskaya, Y., Bylinski, T., Findlay, J. M., Skan, O., Kind, C., Tupper, P., Van Rhee, C., Honeyman, S. I., Menon, G., Sloper, W., Burford, C., Coey, J., Akbari, K., Whitehead, T., Dimitriadis, S., Marshall, K., Flint, E. J., Can, B., Cesmeli, E., Kus, D., Kavar, R. C., Cevlik, A. D., Cengiz, U., Turk, E. G., Yilmaz, I., Yumurtaci, ??., Emin, A., Girit, ??. a. g. r. i., Yildirak, M. K., Senyigit, E., G??ldag, A., S??yleyici, B., Aytin, Y. E., Akay, F. E., Iskan, N. G., Mutlu, B., Sunay, A. O., Bell, T., Limnatitou, D., Gormley, S., Taleongpong, P., Patel, V., Macgregor, L., Amini, S., Turner, C., To, N., Laurence, N., Green, C., Frostick, R., Khera, R., Povey, M., Mahapatra, S., Bradbury, M., Osunronbi, T., Tam, L. Y. C., Khanan Kaabneh, A., Lawther, J., Fisher, P., Tribedi, T., Moosa, A., Ramdin, A., Mcgee, F., Flanagan, S., Tan, Q. J., Anwar, H., Clough, R., Chrisp, B., Cassels, J., Cross, G. W. 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T., Udayachandran, V., Alsoof, D., Ekert, J., Joseph, N., Zulkefley, N., Hunt, G., Christodoulou, T., Wright, O., Soman, S., Jamal, M., Beqiri, S., Borgas, P., Pereira, F., Browne, S., Yiu, J., Dworkin, A., Mak, J., Patrawala, S., Milinkovic, N., Schofield, R., Chauhan, M., Hartley, L., Hind, J., Heybourne, A., Morgan, H., Wickstone, C., Panagiotou, D., O'Connell, E., Dean, K., Iqbal, R., Walsh, L., Yu, N., Rana, N., Massie, E., Foong, J., Lee, Y. J., Mijalkov, D., Wells, A., Bull, N., Ajmera, A., Warburton, T., Morgan, S., Mahmoud, A., Schachtel, M., Mikhail, B., Fomin, I., Mekaeil, B., Jun, H. J. S., Hengpoonthana, R., Childs, S., Ridgway, S., Blefari, N. D. A., Tam, H., Puchalski, N., Ngai, C., Mackenzie, J., Johnson, N., Holmes, M., Zuzek, R., Saluja, T., Gould, T., Goh, Y. K., Selvaraj, T., Horne, D., Borrow, J. L., Campbell, C., Cousins, G., Jackson, L., Maheepala, K., Zhao, S., Holden, E., Tutt, L., Thompson, B., Collins, H., Louie, F., Buckland, B., Smith, D., Chong, C., Chua, T. H., Nayak, C., Redmond, J., Tan, R. R., Gramlick, M., Teh, J. S., S. Y., Ng, Britten-Jones, P., Mohd Rosli, R., Pham, H. D. V., Harris, M., Salibasic, M., Pavlov, V., Paycheva, T., Lyulenina, E., Kolev, N., Boev, B., Nguen, D., Mitkov, Y., Mitkov, E., Vladova, P., Dimitrov, V., Gabarski, A., Feradova, H., Mladenov, T., P??s, M., Adel, A., Sotona, O., Barto??, M., Amjad, T., Mal??, O., Berec, S., Hanu??ov??, M., Hurn??, M., rhalmi, J., S??rensen, J. S., Chanut, F., Magnin, J., Sch??ning, L., CS Simon, S., Galata, C., Karampinis, I., Th??wel, T., Seckler, A. M., Kerem, C., Durdevic, S., Herrle, F., Artioli, E., Giaccari, S., Nevoso, V., Schimera, A., Marino, S., Resta, G., Ongaro, D., Baronio, G., Raimondo, S., Casiraghi, S., Salvadori, R., Armellini, A., Vulcano, I., Bertilone, E., Pintabona, G., Viscosi, F., Mazzeo, C., Olivieri, M., Belluco, C., Antona, A. D., Basso, S., Frattalone, M., Marino, F., Carbone, F., Incollingo, P., Romano, F. M., Anania, M., Pulighe, F., Cruccu, A., Murru, M. L., Massaiu, C., Balestra, F., Pazzona, M., De Nisco, C., Gusai, G. P., Giannella, A., Santangelo, M., Frangella, F., Magagnano, D., Liberatore, P., Rondelli, F., Castagnoli, G., Bartoli, A., Bellochi, R., Spaziani, A., Conti, D., Poponesi, V., Trippetti, M., Amicucci, S., Tazza, G., Procacci, P., Giovannini, F., Basile, E., Moschetta, G., Cosmi, F., Romeo, G., Gasparrini, M., Virgilio, E., Sparta, C., Mura, F. A., Barmina, M., Lorettu, A., Rettaroli, C., Mastino, G., Ruggiu, G. V., Mura, G. A., Perrone, B. A., De Angelis, M., Mereu, A., Adamo, V., Bianco, C., Ricciardiello, M., Campanaro, C., Panaccio, P., Esposito, L. M., Di Mola, F. F., D'Ascanio, F., Pietroletti, R., Di Marco, F., Amico, A., Schembari, E., Puglisi, S., Tuminello, F., Fig??, F., Caiazzo, A., Selvaggi, L., Capozzolo, A., Braccio, B., Tru??kovs, A., Bartnick, A., Malcevs, E., Machatschek, M. J., Alm, J., Lapsa, S., Delorme, M., Zeynalov, F., Larnovskis, J., Sauka, J., Bodrov, D., Gailumsis, R., Wiemann, A. M., M??ller, N. L., Jelovskis, I., Deksnis, D., Bauermeister Potts, O., Slimbajevs, T., Ancans, G., Dulskas, A., Kuliavas, J., Kavaliauskas, P., Kavaliauskaite, R., te Molder, L., Tromp, J., Matthee, E., Tissen, Y. M., Brinkhuis, E., de Vries, H. S., Hart, E. 't., Beckers, K., Bekker, Y., Kakar, S., van Smaalen, T. C., Veen, O. C., Dingemans, S. A., van den Brink, L. C., Vijgen, G. H. E. J., van de Voort, E. M. F., van der Pool, A., van Rest, K. L. C., Haak, T., Gordinou de Gouberville, M. C., Saleh, S., Mens, M. A., Hoeks, E. M., Nieuwenhuizen, S., Brandsma, A. M., van Praag, E. M., Westerduin, E., Smit, M. P. C. M., van der Lely, S. J., de Ruiter, A., Ribbers, T., Aarts, C. A. M., Tulek, M. S., de Jonge, J., Kocak, S., Alqethami, H. J., Constansia, R., van Elst, P. C., Tissink, M. W., Azzahhafi, J., Bofarid, S., Kip, M., Saleh, W., Franssen, S., Boon, C. L., Franssen, R. J. M., Romaen, I., Jense, M. T. F., D'Souza, J., Pascoe, R., Scott, A., Stark, E., Mulholland, K., Lau, W. K., Smith, B., Adams, S. I. B., Shah, N., Ling, E., Young, J., Hawkins, R., Jacobson, A., Macfater, H., Stanfield, B., Henderson, N., Chuang, A., Maskill, L., Ker, H., Mouldey, K., Hu, R., Matthews, C., Aitken, E., Walker, M., Winstanley, J., Miguel, I., Martins, J., Cunha, M. F., Melo, J., Veiga, D. N., Rachadell, J., Amorim, E., Vareda, R., Roseira, J., Americano, M., Correia, D., Capella, V., Moinhos, T., Costa, F., Gil, I., Morgado, J., Varghese, S., Boyle, E., Aljohmani, L., Alexander, J., Graziadei, V., Mccaughey, C., Jain, A., O'Connor, D. B., Ramanayake, H., Sabnani, R., Colon, L. F., Bansal, N., Stephens, I., Tan, R., Hoo, M., Doherty, G., Fenn, S., Mulhare, E., Walsh, M., Leavey, C., Costigan, O., Griffin, S., Dockry, ??., Khogali, E., Aly, A. K., Mcphedran, R., O'Gorman, D., Vermeulen, D., Gopaul, A., Pentony, A. R., Piong, C. L., Nossier, R., Hanna, J., Sabir, K., Eow, S. Y., Ladak, N., Boersma, D., Kamath, P. J., Soh, T. B. W., Dyer, A. H., Chee, S. Y., Tan, I. X. H., Kelliher, A., Scanlon, K., Adeusi, L., Howarth, N., Mccawley, N., O'Neill, A., Jones, M. R., Saleh, R., Singh, A., O'Dwyer, N., Mana, O. C., Gomez, H., Riba, L., Perez, J., Centeno, A., Ortega, C., Ossola, M. E., Camarero, E., Mart??nez Ill??n, M., Aranda Garc??a, L., L??zaro Cardona, M., Montalvo Olmedo, C., Izquierdo Moreno, A., Cuenca Ram??rez, A., Margarida, A., Pando, B., Liquete Mar??n, L., P??rez Calle, M., Ramos Cordero, M. J., Sagredo Cuartango, A., S??nchez, E., Marcos Rodrigo, A., Fernandez, A., Curtis, C., Bosch, M., Triguero, D., Bosch Ram??rez, M., De La Llave Serralvo, A., S??nchez, M. J., Mart??n-Borreg??n, P., Quevedo, A., Mart??nez, J., Mar??n, J. M., Rodr??guez, P., Esteban Avenda??o, I., Jim??nez Relimpio, C., Lancho Lavilla, P., Blanco Bartolom??, I., G??mez Cano, I., Blasco Andr??s, C., Abad-Motos, A., Mar??nez-Hurtado, E., Salvachua-Fern??ndez, R., Muniesa, C., Avelino, L., Cholewa, H., Sancho-Muriel, J., Navasquillo, M., Nav??o, A., Abell??, D., De Jesus, M., Alvarez, E., Kefleyesus, A., Bugmann, A., Piotet, L. M., Meijers, L., Tonchev, P., Tamosiunas, A., Rottier, S. J., Negoi, I., Bernado, I. R., Eftychiou, S., Psychiatry, Surgery, RTEÜ, Tıp Fakültesi, Dahili Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü, Tampere University, Kanta-Häme Central Hospital Hämeenlinna, Ahmed, W, Bhatia, S, Mclean, K, Khaw, R, Baker, D, Kamarajah, S, Bell, S, Nepogodiev, D, Harrison, E, Glasbey, J, Borakati, A, Burke, J, Drake, T, Bath, M, Claireaux, H, Gundogan, B, Mohan, M, Deekonda, P, Kong, C, Joyce, H, Mcnamee, L, Woin, E, Khatri, C, Fitzgerald, J, Bhangu, A, Arulkumaran, N, Duthie, F, Hughes, J, Pinkney, T, Prowle, J, Richards, T, Thomas, M, Blanco-Colino, R, Chapman, S, Pata, F, Pellino, G, Sgro, A, van Elst, T, Van Straten, S, Knowles, C, Dynes, K, Patel, M, Patel, P, Wigley, C, Suresh, R, Shaw, A, Klimach, S, Jull, P, Evans, D, Preece, R, Ibrahim, I, Manikavasagar, V, Smith, R, Brown, F, Teo, R, Sim, D, Logan, A, Barai, I, Amin, H, Suresh, S, Sethi, R, Gul, W, Bolton, W, Corbridge, O, Horne, L, Attalla, M, Morley, R, Robinson, C, Hoskins, T, Mcallister, R, Lee, S, Dennis, Y, Nixon, G, Heywood, E, Wilson, H, Ng, L, Samaraweera, S, Mills, A, Doherty, C, Belchos, J, Phan, V, Lim, M, Miller, F, Chouari, T, Gardner, T, Goergen, N, Hayes, J, Macleod, C, Mccormack, R, Mckinley, A, Mckinstry, S, Milligan, W, Ooi, L, Rafiq, N, Sammut, T, Sinclair, E, Smith, M, Wong, J, Ablett, A, Tie-Gill, T, Ramsay, G, De Paola, L, Mcguckin, S, Alshakhs, A, Ahmeidat, A, Francis, A, Baker, C, Boulton, A, Collins, J, Copley, H, Fearnhead, N, Fox, H, Mah, T, Mckenna, J, Naruka, V, Nigam, N, Nourallah, B, Perera, S, Qureshi, A, Saggar, S, Sun, L, Wang, X, Yang, D, Ali, Z, Mullarkey, L, Walshe, R, Lewis, E, Berry, B, Moneim, J, Mookerjee, S, Al-Hadithi, A, Caroll, P, Doyle, C, Elangovan, S, Falamarzi, A, Gascon Perai, K, Greenan, E, Jain, D, Lang-Orsini, M, Lim, S, O'Byrne, L, Ridgway, P, Van der Laan, S, Arthur, J, Barclay, J, Bradley, P, Edwin, C, Finch, E, Hayashi, E, Hopkins, M, Kelly, D, Kelly, M, Mccartan, N, Ormrod, A, Pakenham, A, Christy, S, Hayward, J, Hitchen, C, Kishore, A, Martins, T, Philomen, J, Rao, R, Rickards, C, Burns, N, Copeland, M, Durand, C, Dyal, A, Ghaffar, A, Gidwani, A, Grant, M, Gribbon, C, Gruhn, A, Leer, M, Ojofeitimi, O, Carroll, L, Hylands, A, Delaugere, L, Reveendran, D, Ahmad, K, Beattie, G, Beatty, M, Campbell, G, Donaldson, G, Graham, S, Holmes, D, Kanabar, S, Liu, H, Mccann, C, Stewart, R, Vara, S, Coulter, C, Ralston, C, Laverty, L, Gallagher, P, Ajibola-Taylor, O, Andah, E, Ani, C, Cabdi, N, Ito, G, Jones, M, Komoriyama, A, Titu, L, Ahmed, A, Yeo, Y, Elliott, D, Bennett, J, Mcnamara, M, Sivarajah, S, Dunmore, C, Basra, M, Gallogly, P, Harinath, G, Leong, S, Pradhan, A, Siddiqui, I, Zaat, S, Ali, A, Galea, M, Looi, W, Ng, J, Farhan-Alanie, M, Aitken, G, Nair, M, Aly, M, Buari, M, Atkin, G, Azizi, A, Cargill, Z, China, Z, Elliot, J, Jebakumar, R, Lam, J, Mudalige, G, Onyerindu, C, Renju, M, Shankar Babu, V, Ahmed, K, Sheikh, Z, Monks, M, Lehmann, J, Rotimi, O, Hussain, M, Joji, N, Lovett, B, Mownah, H, Dwyer-Hemmings, L, Busuttil, A, Powell, J, Hensher, C, 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E., Camarero, E., Martínez Illán, M., Aranda García, L., Lázaro Cardona, M., Montalvo Olmedo, C., Izquierdo Moreno, A., Cuenca Ramírez, A., Margarida, A., Pando, B., Liquete Marín, L., Pérez Calle, M., Ramos Cordero, M. J., Sagredo Cuartango, A., Sánchez, E., Marcos Rodrigo, A., Fernandez, A., Curtis, C., Bosch, M., Triguero, D., Bosch Ramírez, M., De La Llave Serralvo, A., Sánchez, M. J., Martín-Borregón, P., Quevedo, A., Martínez, J., Marín, J. M., Rodríguez, P., Esteban Avendaño, I., Jiménez Relimpio, C., Lancho Lavilla, P., Blanco Bartolomé, I., Gómez Cano, I., Blasco Andrés, C., Abad-Motos, A., Marínez-Hurtado, E., Salvachua-Fernández, R., Muniesa, C., Avelino, L., Cholewa, H., Sancho-Muriel, J., Navasquillo, M., Navío, A., Abelló, D., De Jesus, M., Alvarez, E., Kefleyesus, A., Bugmann, A., Piotet, L. M., Meijers, L., Tonchev, P., Tamosiunas, A., Rottier, S. J., Negoi, I., Bernado, I. R., Eftychiou, S., RS: NUTRIM - R2 - Liver and digestive health, MUMC+: MA Mondzorg Kaak Aangezicht Chirurgie (9), Kindergeneeskunde, RS: NUTRIM - R1 - Obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular health, and Faculteit Medische Wetenschappen/UMCG
Subjects: renal failure, cohort studies, humans, kidney, postoperative complications, prognosis, prospective studies, retrospective studies, risk assessment, risk factors, acute kidney injury, digestive system surgical procedures, Prognosi, Acute Kidney Injury/diagnosis, Digestive System Surgical Procedures/adverse effects, 3121 Internal medicine, Kidney, Risk Assessment, Cohort Studies, Tumours of the digestive tract Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 14], All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center, Postoperative Complications, Retrospective Studie, Risk Factors, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Humans, preoperative care, Prognostic Model, Prospective Studies, Digestive System Surgical Procedures, Retrospective Studies, Science & Technology, Risk Factor, MORTALITY, General Medicine, STARSurg Collaborative and EuroSurg Collaborative, Acute Kidney Injury, Prognosis, surgical procedures, Prospective Studie, aki, OAKS, Postoperative Complications/etiology, colorectal surgery, Surgery, Postoperative Complication, Cohort Studie, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Human
Abstract: Background Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of major gastrointestinal surgery with an impact on short- and long-term survival. No validated system for risk stratification exists for this patient group. This study aimed to validate externally a prognostic model for AKI after major gastrointestinal surgery in two multicentre cohort studies. Methods The Outcomes After Kidney injury in Surgery (OAKS) prognostic model was developed to predict risk of AKI in the 7 days after surgery using six routine datapoints (age, sex, ASA grade, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate, planned open surgery and preoperative use of either an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker). Validation was performed within two independent cohorts: a prospective multicentre, international study (‘IMAGINE’) of patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery (2018); and a retrospective regional cohort study (‘Tayside’) in major abdominal surgery (2011–2015). Multivariable logistic regression was used to predict risk of AKI, with multiple imputation used to account for data missing at random. Prognostic accuracy was assessed for patients at high risk (greater than 20 per cent) of postoperative AKI. Results In the validation cohorts, 12.9 per cent of patients (661 of 5106) in IMAGINE and 14.7 per cent (106 of 719 patients) in Tayside developed 7-day postoperative AKI. Using the OAKS model, 558 patients (9.6 per cent) were classified as high risk. Less than 10 per cent of patients classified as low-risk developed AKI in either cohort (negative predictive value greater than 0.9). Upon external validation, the OAKS model retained an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve of range 0.655–0.681 (Tayside 95 per cent c.i. 0.596 to 0.714; IMAGINE 95 per cent c.i. 0.659 to 0.703), sensitivity values range 0.323–0.352 (IMAGINE 95 per cent c.i. 0.281 to 0.368; Tayside 95 per cent c.i. 0.253 to 0.461), and specificity range 0.881–0.890 (Tayside 95 per cent c.i. 0.853 to 0.905; IMAGINE 95 per cent c.i. 0.881 to 0.899). Conclusion The OAKS prognostic model can identify patients who are not at high risk of postoperative AKI after gastrointestinal surgery with high specificity. Presented to Association of Surgeons in Training (ASiT) International Conference 2018 (Edinburgh, UK), European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP) International Conference 2018 (Nice, France), SARS (Society of Academic and Research Surgery) 2020 (Virtual, UK).
Published: 2022

13. Evaluation of prognostic risk models for postoperative pulmonary complications in adult patients undergoing major abdominal surgery:a systematic review and international external validation cohort study

Author: Kouli, O, Murray, V, Bhatia, S, Cambridge, WA, Kawka, M, Shafi, S, Knight, SR, Kamarajah, SK, McLean, KA, Glasbey, JC, Khaw, RA, Ahmed, W, Akhbari, M, Baker, D, Borakati, A, Mills, E, Thavayogan, R, Yasin, I, Raubenheimer, K, Ridley, W, Sarrami, M, Zhang, G, Egoroff, N, Pockney, P, Richards, T, Bhangu, A, Creagh-Brown, B, Edwards, M, Harrison, EM, Lee, M, Nepogodiev, D, Pinkney, T, Pearse, R, Smart, N, Vohra, R, Sohrabi, C, Jamieson, A, Nguyen, M, Rahman, A, English, C, Tincknell, L, Kakodkar, P, Kwek, I, Punjabi, N, Burns, J, Varghese, S, Erotocritou, M, McGuckin, S, Vayalapra, S, Dominguez, E, Moneim, J, Salehi, M, Tan, HL, Yoong, A, Zhu, L, Seale, B, Nowinka, Z, Patel, N, Chrisp, B, Harris, J, Maleyko, I, Muneeb, F, Gough, M, James, CE, Skan, O, Chowdhury, A, Rebuffa, N, Khan, H, Down, B, Fatimah Hussain, Q, Adams, M, Bailey, A, Cullen, G, Fu, YXJ, McClement, B, Taylor, A, Aitken, S, Bachelet, B, Brousse de Gersigny, J, Chang, C, Khehra, B, Lahoud, N, Lee Solano, M, Louca, M, Rozenbroek, P, Rozitis, E, Agbinya, N, Anderson, E, Arwi, G, Barry, I, Batchelor, C, Chong, T, Choo, LY, Clark, L, Daniels, M, Goh, J, Handa, A, Hanna, J, Huynh, L, Jeon, A, Kanbour, A, Lee, A, Lee, J, Lee, T, Leigh, J, Ly, D, McGregor, F, Moss, J, Nejatian, M, O'Loughlin, E, Ramos, I, Sanchez, B, Shrivathsa, A, Sincari, A, Sobhi, S, Swart, R, Trimboli, J, Wignall, P, Bourke, E, Chong, A, Clayton, S, Dawson, A, Hardy, E, Iqbal, R, Le, L, Mao, S, Marinelli, I, Metcalfe, H, Panicker, D, R, HH, Ridgway, S, Tan, HH, Thong, S, Van, M, Woon, S, Woon-Shoo-Tong, XS, Yu, S, Ali, K, Chee, J, Chiu, C, Chow, YW, Duller, A, Nagappan, P, Ng, S, Selvanathan, M, Sheridan, C, Temple, M, Do, JE, Dudi-Venkata, NN, Humphries, E, Li, L, Mansour, LT, Massy-Westropp, C, Fang, B, Farbood, K, Hong, H, Huang, Y, Joan, M, Koh, C, Liu, YHA, Mahajan, T, Muller, E, Park, R, Tanudisastro, M, Wu, JJG, Chopra, P, Giang, S, Radcliffe, S, Thach, P, Wallace, D, Wilkes, A, Chinta, SH, Li, J, Phan, J, Rahman, F, Segaran, A, Shannon, J, Zhang, M, Adams, N, Bonte, A, Choudhry, A, Colterjohn, N, Croyle, JA, Donohue, J, Feighery, A, Keane, A, McNamara, D, Munir, K, Roche, D, Sabnani, R, Seligman, D, Sharma, S, Stickney, Z, Suchy, H, Tan, R, Yordi, S, Ahmed, I, Aranha, M, El Sabawy, D, Garwood, P, Harnett, M, Holohan, R, Howard, R, Kayyal, Y, Krakoski, N, Lupo, M, McGilberry, W, Nepon, H, Scoleri, Y, Urbina, C, Ahmad Fuad, MF, Ahmed, O, Jaswantlal, D, Kelly, E, Khan, MHT, Naidu, D, Neo, WX, O'Neill, R, Sugrue, M, Abbas, JD, Abdul-Fattah, S, Azlan, A, Barry, K, Idris, NS, Kaka, N, Mc Dermott, D, Mohammad Nasir, MN, Mozo, M, Rehal, A, Shaikh Yousef, M, Wong, RH, Curran, E, Gardner, M, Hogan, A, Julka, R, Lasser, G, Ní Chorráin, N, Ting, J, Browne, R, George, S, Janjua, Z, Leung Shing, V, Megally, M, Murphy, S, Ravenscroft, L, Vedadi, A, Vyas, V, Bryan, A, Sheikh, A, Ubhi, J, Vannelli, K, Vawda, A, Adeusi, L, Doherty, C, Fitzgerald, C, Gallagher, H, Gill, P, Hamza, H, Hogan, M, Kelly, S, Larry, J, Lynch, P, Mazeni, NA, O'Connell, R, O'Loghlin, R, Singh, K, Abbas Syed, R, Ali, A, Alkandari, B, Arnold, A, Arora, E, Azam, R, Breathnach, C, Cheema, J, Compton, M, Curran, S, Elliott, JA, Jayasamraj, O, Mohammed, N, Noone, A, Pal, A, Pandey, S, Quinn, P, Sheridan, R, Siew, L, Tan, EP, Tio, SW, Toh, VTR, Walsh, M, Yap, C, Yassa, J, Young, T, Agarwal, N, Almoosawy, SA, Bowen, K, Bruce, D, Connachan, R, Cook, A, Daniell, A, Elliott, M, Fung, HKF, Irving, A, Laurie, S, Lee, YJ, Lim, ZX, Maddineni, S, McClenaghan, RE, Muthuganesan, V, Ravichandran, P, Roberts, N, Shaji, S, Solt, S, Toshney, E, Arnold, C, Baker, O, Belais, F, Bojanic, C, Byrne, M, Chau, CYC, De Soysa, S, Eldridge, M, Fairey, M, Fearnhead, N, Guéroult, A, Ho, JSY, Joshi, K, Kadiyala, N, Khalid, S, Khan, F, Kumar, K, Lewis, E, Magee, J, Manetta-Jones, D, Mann, S, McKeown, L, Mitrofan, C, Mohamed, T, Monnickendam, A, Ng, AYKC, Ortu, A, Patel, M, Pope, T, Pressling, S, Purohit, K, Saji, S, Shah Foridi, J, Shah, R, Siddiqui, SS, Surman, K, Utukuri, M, Varghese, A, Williams, CYK, Yang, JJ, Billson, E, Cheah, E, Holmes, P, Hussain, S, Murdock, D, Nicholls, A, Patel, P, Ramana, G, Saleki, M, Spence, H, Thomas, D, Yu, C, Abousamra, M, Brown, C, Conti, I, Donnelly, A, Durand, M, French, N, Goan, R, O'Kane, E, Rubinchik, P, Gardiner, H, Kempf, B, Lai, YL, Matthews, H, Minford, E, Rafferty, C, Reid, C, Sheridan, N, Al Bahri, T, Bhoombla, N, Rao, BM, Titu, L, Chatha, S, Field, C, Gandhi, T, Gulati, R, Jha, R, Jones Sam, MT, Karim, S, Patel, R, Saunders, M, Sharma, K, Abid, S, Heath, E, Kurup, D, Patel, A, Ali, M, Cresswell, B, Felstead, D, Jennings, K, Kaluarachchi, T, Lazzereschi, L, Mayson, H, Miah, JE, Reinders, B, Rosser, A, Thomas, C, Williams, H, Al-Hamid, Z, Alsadoun, L, Chlubek, M, Fernando, P, Gaunt, E, Gercek, Y, Maniar, R, Ma, R, Matson, M, Moore, S, Morris, A, Nagappan, PG, Ratnayake, M, Rockall, L, Shallcross, O, Sinha, A, Tan, KE, Virdee, S, Wenlock, R, Donnelly, HA, Ghazal, R, Hughes, I, Liu, X, McFadden, M, Misbert, E, Mogey, P, O'Hara, A, Peace, C, Rainey, C, Raja, P, Salem, M, Salmon, J, Tan, CH, Alves, D, Bahl, S, Baker, C, Coulthurst, J, Koysombat, K, Linn, T, Rai, P, Sharma, A, Shergill, A, Ahmed, M, Ahmed, S, Belk, LH, Choudhry, H, Cummings, D, Dixon, Y, Dobinson, C, Edwards, J, Flint, J, Franco Da Silva, C, Gallie, R, Gardener, M, Glover, T, Greasley, M, Hatab, A, Howells, R, Hussey, T, Khan, A, Mann, A, Morrison, H, Ng, A, Osmond, R, Padmakumar, N, Pervaiz, F, Prince, R, Qureshi, A, Sawhney, R, Sigurdson, B, Stephenson, L, Vora, K, Zacken, A, Cope, P, Di Traglia, R, Ferarrio, I, Hackett, N, Healicon, R, Horseman, L, Lam, LI, Meerdink, M, Menham, D, Murphy, R, Nimmo, I, Ramaesh, A, Rees, J, Soame, R, Dilaver, N, Adebambo, D, Brown, E, Burt, J, Foster, K, Kaliyappan, L, Knight, P, Politis, A, Richardson, E, Townsend, J, Abdi, M, Ball, M, Easby, S, Gill, N, Ho, E, Iqbal, H, Matthews, M, Nubi, S, Nwokocha, JO, Okafor, I, Perry, G, Sinartio, B, Vanukuru, N, Walkley, D, Welch, T, Yates, J, Yeshitila, N, Bryans, K, Campbell, B, Gray, C, Keys, R, Macartney, M, Chamberlain, G, Khatri, A, Kucheria, A, Lee, STP, Reese, G, Roy choudhury, J, Tan, WYR, Teh, JJ, Ting, A, Kazi, S, Kontovounisios, C, Vutipongsatorn, K, Amarnath, T, Balasubramanian, N, Bassett, E, Gurung, P, Lim, J, Panjikkaran, A, Sanalla, A, Alkoot, M, Bacigalupo, V, Eardley, N, Horton, M, Hurry, A, Isti, C, Maskell, P, Nursiah, K, Punn, G, Salih, H, Epanomeritakis, E, Foulkes, A, Henderson, R, Johnston, E, McCullough, H, McLarnon, M, Morrison, E, Cheung, A, Cho, SH, Eriksson, F, Hedges, J, Low, Z, May, C, Musto, L, Nagi, S, Nur, S, Salau, E, Shabbir, S, Thomas, MC, Uthayanan, L, Vig, S, Zaheer, M, Zeng, G, Ashcroft-Quinn, S, Brown, R, Hayes, J, McConville, R, French, R, Gilliam, A, Sheetal, S, Shehzad, MU, Bani, W, Christie, I, Franklyn, J, Khan, M, Russell, J, Smolarek, S, Varadarassou, R, Ahmed, SK, Narayanaswamy, S, Sealy, J, Shah, M, Dodhia, V, Manukyan, A, O'Hare, R, Orbell, J, Chung, I, Forenc, K, Gupta, A, Agarwal, A, Al Dabbagh, A, Bennewith, R, Bottomley, J, Chu, TSM, Chu, YYA, Doherty, W, Evans, B, Hainsworth, P, Hosfield, T, Li, CH, McCullagh, I, Mehta, A, Thaker, A, Thompson, B, Virdi, A, Walker, H, Wilkins, E, Dixon, C, Hassan, MR, Lotca, N, Tong, KS, Batchelor-Parry, H, Chaudhari, S, Harris, T, Hooper, J, Johnson, C, Mulvihill, C, Nayler, J, Olutobi, O, Piramanayagam, B, Stones, K, Sussman, M, Weaver, C, Alam, F, Al Rawi, M, Andrew, F, Arrayeh, A, Azizan, N, Hassan, A, Iqbal, Z, John, I, Jones, M, Kalake, O, Keast, M, Nicholas, J, Patil, A, Powell, K, Roberts, P, Sabri, A, Segue, AK, Shah, A, Shaik Mohamed, SA, Shehadeh, A, Shenoy, S, Tong, A, Upcott, M, Vijayasingam, D, Anarfi, S, Dauncey, J, Devindaran, A, Havalda, P, Komninos, G, Mwendwa, E, Norman, C, Richards, J, Urquhart, A, Allan, J, Cahya, E, Hunt, H, McWhirter, C, Norton, R, Roxburgh, C, Tan, JY, Ali Butt, S, Hansdot, S, Haq, I, Mootien, A, Sanchez, I, Vainas, T, Deliyannis, E, Tan, M, Vipond, M, Chittoor Satish, NN, Dattani, A, De Carvalho, L, Gaston-Grubb, M, Karunanithy, L, Lowe, B, Pace, C, Raju, K, Roope, J, Taylor, C, Youssef, H, Munro, T, Thorn, C, Wong, KHF, Yunus, A, Chawla, S, Datta, A, Dinesh, AA, Field, D, Georgi, T, Gwozdz, A, Hamstead, E, Howard, N, Isleyen, N, Jackson, N, Kingdon, J, Sagoo, KS, Schizas, A, Yin, L, Aung, E, Aung, YY, Franklin, S, Han, SM, Kim, WC, Martin Segura, A, Rossi, M, Ross, T, Tirimanna, R, Wang, B, Zakieh, O, Ben-Arzi, H, Flach, A, Jackson, E, Magers, S, Olu abara, C, Rogers, E, Sugden, K, Tan, H, Veliah, S, Walton, U, Asif, A, Bharwada, Y, Bowley, D, Broekhuizen, A, Cooper, L, Evans, N, Girdlestone, H, Ling, C, Mann, H, Mehmood, N, Mulvenna, CL, Rainer, N, Trout, I, Gujjuri, R, Jeyaraman, D, Leong, E, Singh, D, Smith, E, Anderton, J, Barabas, M, Goyal, S, Howard, D, Joshi, A, Mitchell, D, Weatherby, T, Badminton, R, Bird, R, Burtle, D, Choi, NY, Devalia, K, Farr, E, Fischer, F, Fish, J, Gunn, F, Jacobs, D, Johnston, P, Kalakoutas, A, Lau, E, Loo, YNAF, Louden, H, Makariou, N, Mohammadi, K, Nayab, Y, Ruhomaun, S, Ryliskyte, R, Saeed, M, Shinde, P, Sudul, M, Theodoropoulou, K, Valadao-Spoorenberg, J, Vlachou, F, Arshad, SR, Janmohamed, AM, Noor, M, Oyerinde, O, Saha, A, Syed, Y, Watkinson, W, Ahmadi, H, Akintunde, A, Alsaady, A, Bradley, J, Brothwood, D, Burton, M, Higgs, M, Hoyle, C, Katsura, C, Lathan, R, Louani, A, Mandalia, R, Prihartadi, AS, Qaddoura, B, Sandland-Taylor, L, Thadani, S, Thompson, A, Walshaw, J, Teo, S, Ali, S, Bawa, JH, Fox, S, Gargan, K, Haider, SA, Hanna, N, Hatoum, A, Khan, Z, Krzak, AM, Li, T, Pitt, J, Tan, GJS, Ullah, Z, Wilson, E, Cleaver, J, Colman, J, Copeland, L, Coulson, A, Davis, P, Faisal, H, Hassan, F, Hughes, JT, Jabr, Y, Mahmoud Ali, F, Nahaboo Solim, ZN, Sangheli, A, Shaya, S, Thompson, R, Cornwall, H, De Andres Crespo, M, Fay, E, Findlay, J, Groves, E, Jones, O, Killen, A, Millo, J, Thomas, S, Ward, J, Wilkins, M, Zaki, F, Zilber, E, Bhavra, K, Bilolikar, A, Charalambous, M, Elawad, A, Eleni, A, Fawdon, R, Gibbins, A, Livingstone, D, Mala, D, Oke, SE, Padmakumar, D, Patsalides, MA, Payne, D, Ralphs, C, Roney, A, Sardar, N, Stefanova, K, Surti, F, Timms, R, Tosney, G, Bannister, J, Clement, NS, Cullimore, V, Kamal, F, Lendor, J, McKay, J, Mcswiggan, J, Minhas, N, Seneviratne, K, Simeen, S, Valverde, J, Watson, N, Bloom, I, Dinh, TH, Hirniak, J, Joseph, R, Kansagra, M, Lai, CKN, Melamed, N, Patel, J, Randev, J, Sedighi, T, Shurovi, B, Sodhi, J, Vadgama, N, Abdulla, S, Adabavazeh, B, Champion, A, Chennupati, R, Chu, K, Devi, S, Haji, A, Schulz, J, Testa, F, Davies, P, Gurung, B, Howell, S, Modi, P, Pervaiz, A, Zahid, M, Abdolrazaghi, S, Abi Aoun, R, Anjum, Z, Bawa, G, Bhardwaj, R, Brown, S, Enver, M, Gill, D, Gopikrishna, D, Gurung, D, Kanwal, A, Kaushal, P, Khanna, A, Lovell, E, McEvoy, C, Mirza, M, Nabeel, S, Naseem, S, Pandya, K, Perkins, R, Pulakal, R, Ray, M, Reay, C, Reilly, S, Round, A, Seehra, J, Shakeel, NM, Singh, B, Vijay Sukhnani, M, Brown, L, Desai, B, Elzanati, H, Godhaniya, J, Kavanagh, E, Kent, J, Kishor, A, Liu, A, Norwood, M, Shaari, N, Wood, C, Wood, M, Brown, A, Chellapuri, A, Ferriman, A, Ghosh, I, Kulkarni, N, Noton, T, Pinto, A, Rajesh, S, Varghese, B, Wenban, C, Aly, R, Barciela, C, Brookes, T, Corrin, E, Goldsworthy, M, Mohamed Azhar, MS, Moore, J, Nakhuda, S, Ng, D, Pillay, S, Port, S, Abdullah, M, Akinyemi, J, Islam, S, Kale, A, Lewis, A, Manjunath, T, McCabe, H, Misra, S, Stubley, T, Tam, JP, Waraich, N, Chaora, T, Ford, C, Osinkolu, I, Pong, G, Rai, J, Risquet, R, Ainsworth, J, Ayandokun, P, Barham, E, Barrett, G, Barry, J, Bisson, E, Bridges, I, Burke, D, Cann, J, Cloney, M, Coates, S, Cripps, P, Davies, C, Francis, N, Green, S, Handley, G, Hathaway, D, Hurt, L, Jenkins, S, Johnston, C, Khadka, A, McGee, U, Morris, D, Murray, R, Norbury, C, Pierrepont, Z, Richards, C, Ross, O, Ruddy, A, Salmon, C, Shield, M, Soanes, K, Spencer, N, Taverner, S, Williams, C, Wills-Wood, W, Woodward, S, Chow, J, Fan, J, Guest, O, Hunter, I, Moon, WY, Arthur-Quarm, S, Edwards, P, Hamlyn, V, McEneaney, L, N D, G, Pranoy, S, Ting, M, Abada, S, Alawattegama, LH, Ashok, A, Carey, C, Gogna, A, Haglund, C, Hurley, P, Leelo, N, Liu, B, Mannan, F, Paramjothy, K, Ramlogan, K, Raymond-Hayling, O, Shanmugarajah, A, Solichan, D, Wilkinson, B, Ahmad, NA, Allan, D, Amin, A, Bakina, C, Burns, F, Cameron, F, Campbell, A, Cavanagh, S, Chan, SMZ, Chapman, S, Chong, V, Edelsten, E, Ekpete, O, El Sheikh, M, Ghose, R, Hassane, A, Henderson, C, Hilton-Christie, S, Husain, M, Hussain, H, Javid, Z, Johnson-Ogbuneke, J, Johnston, A, Khalil, M, Leung, TCC, Makin, I, Muralidharan, V, Naeem, M, Patil, P, Ravichandran, S, Saraeva, D, Shankey-Smith, W, Sharma, N, Swan, R, Waudby-West, R, Wilkinson, A, Wright, K, Balasubramanian, A, Bhatti, S, Chalkley, M, Chou, WK, Dixon, M, Evans, L, Fisher, K, Gandhi, P, Ho, S, Lau, YB, Lowe, S, Meechan, C, Murali, N, Musonda, C, Njoku, P, Ochieng, L, Pervez, MU, Seebah, K, Shaikh, I, Sikder, MA, Vanker, R, Alom, J, Bajaj, V, Coleman, O, Finch, G, Goss, J, Jenkins, C, Kontothanassis, A, Liew, MS, Ng, K, Outram, M, Shakeel, MM, Tawn, J, Zuhairy, S, Chapple, K, Cinnamond, A, Coleman, S, George, HA, Goulder, L, Hare, N, Hawksley, J, Kret, A, Luesley, A, Mecia, L, Porter, H, Puddy, E, Richardson, G, Sohail, B, Srikaran, V, Tadross, D, Tobin, J, Tokidis, E, Young, L, Ashdown, T, Bratsos, S, Koomson, A, Kufuor, A, Lim, MQ, Shah, S, Thorne, EPC, Warusavitarne, J, Xu, S, Abigail, S, Ahmed, A, Ahmed, J, Akmal, A, Al-Khafaji, M, Amini, B, Arshad, M, Bogie, E, Brazkiewicz, M, Carroll, M, Chandegra, A, Cirelli, C, Deng, A, Fairclough, S, Fung, YJ, Gornell, C, Green, RL, Green, SV, Gulamhussein, AHM, Isaac, AG, Jan, R, Jegatheeswaran, L, Knee, M, Kotecha, J, Kotecha, S, Maxwell-Armstrong, C, McIntyre, C, Mendis, N, Naing, TKP, Oberman, J, Ong, ZX, Ramalingam, A, Saeed Adam, A, Tan, LL, Towell, S, Yadav, J, Anandampillai, R, Chung, S, Hounat, A, Ibrahim, B, Jeyakumar, G, Khalil, A, Khan, UA, Nair, G, Owusu-Ayim, M, Wilson, M, Kanani, A, Kilkelly, B, Ogunmwonyi, I, Ong, L, Samra, B, Schomerus, L, Shea, J, Turner, O, Yang, Y, Amin, M, Blott, N, Clark, A, Feather, A, Forrest, M, Hague, S, Hamilton, K, Higginbotham, G, Hope, E, Karimian, S, Loveday, K, Malik, H, McKenna, O, Noor, A, Onsiong, C, Patel, B, Radcliffe, N, Shah, P, Tye, L, Verma, K, Walford, R, Yusufi, U, Zachariah, M, Casey, A, Doré, C, Fludder, V, Fortescue, L, Kalapu, SS, Karel, E, Khera, G, Smith, C, Appleton, B, Ashaye, A, Boggon, E, Evans, A, Faris Mahmood, H, Hinchcliffe, Z, Marei, O, Silva, I, Spooner, C, Thomas, G, Timlin, M, Wellington, J, Yao, SL, Abdelrazek, M, Abdelrazik, Y, Bee, F, Joseph, A, Mounce, A, Parry, G, Vignarajah, N, Biddles, D, Creissen, A, Kolhe, S, K, T, Lea, A, Ledda, V, O'Loughlin, P, Scanlon, J, Shetty, N, Weller, C, Abdalla, M, Adeoye, A, Bhatti, M, Chadda, KR, Chu, J, Elhakim, H, Foster-Davies, H, Rabie, M, Tailor, B, Webb, S, Abdelrahim, ASA, Choo, SY, Jiwa, A, Mangam, S, Murray, S, Shandramohan, A, Aghanenu, O, Budd, W, Hayre, J, Khanom, S, Liew, ZY, McKinney, R, Moody, N, Muhammad-Kamal, H, Odogwu, J, Patel, D, Roy, C, Sattar, Z, Shahrokhi, N, Sinha, I, Thomson, E, Wonga, L, Bain, J, Khan, J, Ricardo, D, Bevis, R, Cherry, C, Darkwa, S, Drew, W, Griffiths, E, Konda, N, Madani, D, Mak, JKC, Meda, B, Odunukwe, U, Preest, G, Raheel, F, Rajaseharan, A, Ramgopal, A, Risbrooke, C, Selvaratnam, K, Sethunath, G, Tabassum, R, Taylor, J, Thakker, A, Wijesingha, N, Wybrew, R, Yasin, T, Ahmed Osman, A, Alfadhel, S, Carberry, E, Chen, JY, Drake, I, Glen, P, Jayasuriya, N, Kawar, L, Myatt, R, Sinan, LOH, Siu, SSY, Tjen, V, Adeboyejo, O, Bacon, H, Barnes, R, Birnie, C, D'Cunha Kamath, A, Hughes, E, Middleton, S, Owen, R, Schofield, E, Short, C, Smith, R, Wang, H, Willett, M, Zimmerman, M, Balfour, J, Chadwick, T, Coombe-Jones, M, Do Le, HP, Faulkner, G, Hobson, K, Shehata, Z, Beattie, M, Chmielewski, G, Chong, C, Donnelly, B, Drusch, B, Ellis, J, Farrelly, C, Feyi-Waboso, J, Hibell, I, Hoade, L, Ho, C, Jones, H, Kodiatt, B, Lidder, P, Ni Cheallaigh, L, Norman, R, Patabendi, I, Penfold, H, Playfair, M, Pomeroy, S, Ralph, C, Rottenburg, H, Sebastian, J, Sheehan, M, Stanley, V, Welchman, J, Ajdarpasic, D, Antypas, A, Azouaghe, O, Basi, S, Bettoli, G, Bhattarai, S, Bommireddy, L, Bourne, K, Budding, J, Cookey-Bresi, R, Cummins, T, Davies, G, Fabelurin, C, Gwilliam, R, Hanley, J, Hird, A, Kruczynska, A, Langhorne, B, Lund, J, Lutchman, I, McGuinness, R, Neary, M, Pampapathi, S, Pang, E, Podbicanin, S, Rai, N, Redhouse White, G, Sujith, J, Thomas, P, Walker, I, Winterton, R, Anderson, P, Barrington, M, Bhadra, K, Clark, G, Fowler, G, Gibson, C, Hudson, S, Kaminskaite, V, Lawday, S, Longshaw, A, MacKrill, E, McLachlan, F, Murdeshwar, A, Nieuwoudt, R, Parker, P, Randall, R, Rawlins, E, Reeves, SA, Rye, D, Sirkis, T, Sykes, B, Ventress, N, Wosinska, N, Akram, B, Burton, L, Coombs, A, Long, R, Magowan, D, Ong, C, Sethi, M, Williams, G, Chan, C, Chan, LH, Fernando, D, Gaba, F, Khor, Z, Les, JW, Mak, R, Moin, S, Ng Kee Kwong, KC, Paterson-Brown, S, Tew, YY, Bardon, A, Burrell, K, Coldwell, C, Costa, I, Dexter, E, Hardy, A, Khojani, M, Mazurek, J, Raymond, T, Reddy, V, Reynolds, J, Soma, A, Agiotakis, S, Alsusa, H, Desai, N, Peristerakis, I, Adcock, A, Ayub, H, Bennett, T, Bibi, F, Brenac, S, Chapman, T, Clarke, G, Clark, F, Galvin, C, Gwyn-Jones, A, Henry-Blake, C, Kerner, S, Kiandee, M, Lovett, A, Pilecka, A, Ravindran, R, Siddique, H, Sikand, T, Treadwell, K, Akmal, K, Apata, A, Barton, O, Broad, G, Darling, H, Dhuga, Y, Emms, L, Habib, S, Jain, R, Jeater, J, Kan, CYP, Kathiravelupillai, A, Khatkar, H, Kirmani, S, Kulasabanathan, K, Lacey, H, Lal, K, Manafa, C, Mansoor, M, McDonald, S, Mittal, A, Mustoe, S, Nottrodt, L, Oliver, P, Papapetrou, I, Pattinson, F, Raja, M, Reyhani, H, Shahmiri, A, Small, O, Soni, U, Aguirrezabala Armbruster, B, Bunni, J, Hakim, MA, Hawkins-Hooker, L, Howell, KA, Hullait, R, Jaskowska, A, Ottewell, L, Thomas-Jones, I, Vasudev, A, Clements, B, Fenton, J, Gill, M, Haider, S, Lim, AJM, Maguire, H, McMullan, J, Nicoletti, J, Samuel, S, Unais, MA, White, N, Yao, PC, Yow, L, Boyle, C, Brady, R, Cheekoty, P, Cheong, J, Chew, SJHL, Chow, R, Ganewatta Kankanamge, D, Mamer, L, Mohammed, B, Ng Chieng Hin, J, Renji Chungath, R, Royston, A, Sharrad, E, Sinclair, R, Tingle, S, Treherne, K, Wyatt, F, Maniarasu, VS, Moug, S, Appanna, T, Bucknall, T, Hussain, F, Owen, A, Parry, M, Parry, R, Sagua, N, Spofforth, K, Yuen, ECT, Bosley, N, Hardie, W, Moore, T, Regas, C, Abdel-Khaleq, S, Ali, N, Bashiti, H, Buxton-Hopley, R, Constantinides, M, D'Afflitto, M, Deshpande, A, Duque Golding, J, Frisira, E, Germani Batacchi, M, Gomaa, A, Hay, D, Hutchison, R, Iakovou, A, Iakovou, D, Ismail, E, Jefferson, S, Jones, L, Khouli, Y, Knowles, C, Mason, J, McCaughan, R, Moffatt, J, Morawala, A, Nadir, H, Neyroud, F, Nikookam, Y, Parmar, A, Pinto, L, Ramamoorthy, R, Richards, E, Thomson, S, Trainer, C, Valetopoulou, A, Vassiliou, A, Wantman, A, Wilde, S, Dickinson, M, Rockall, T, Senn, D, Wcislo, K, Zalmay, P, Adelekan, K, Allen, K, Bajaj, M, Gatumbu, P, Hang, S, Hashmi, Y, Kaur, T, Kawesha, A, Kisiel, A, Woodmass, M, Adelowo, T, Ahari, D, Alhwaishel, K, Atherton, R, Clayton, B, Cockroft, A, Curtis Lopez, C, Hilton, M, Ismail, N, Kouadria, M, Lee, L, MacConnachie, A, Monks, F, Mungroo, S, Nikoletopoulou, C, Pearce, L, Sara, X, Shahid, A, Suresh, G, Wilcha, R, Atiyah, A, Davies, E, Dermanis, A, Gibbons, H, Hyde, A, Lawson, A, Lee, C, Leung-Tack, M, Li Saw Hee, J, Mostafa, O, Nair, D, Pattani, N, Plumbley-Jones, J, Pufal, K, Ramesh, P, Sanghera, J, Saram, S, Scadding, S, See, S, Stringer, H, Torrance, A, Vardon, H, Wyn-Griffiths, F, Brew, A, Kaur, G, Soni, D, Tickle, A, Akbar, Z, Appleyard, T, Figg, K, Jayawardena, P, Johnson, A, Kamran Siddiqui, Z, Lacy-Colson, J, Oatham, R, Rowlands, B, Sludden, E, Turnbull, C, Allin, D, Ansar, Z, Azeez, Z, Dale, VH, Garg, J, Horner, A, Jones, S, Knight, S, McGregor, C, McKenna, J, McLelland, T, Packham-Smith, A, Rowsell, K, Spector-Hill, I, Adeniken, E, Baker, J, Bartlett, M, Chikomba, L, Connell, B, Deekonda, P, Dhar, M, Elmansouri, A, Gamage, K, Goodhew, R, Hanna, P, Knight, J, Luca, A, Maasoumi, N, Mahamoud, F, Manji, S, Marwaha, PK, Mason, F, Oluboyede, A, Pigott, L, Razaq, AM, Richardson, M, Saddaoui, I, Wijeyendram, P, Yau, S, Atkins, W, Liang, K, Miles, N, Praveen, B, Ashai, S, Braganza, J, Common, J, Cundy, A, Davies, R, Guthrie, J, Handa, I, Iqbal, M, Ismail, R, Jones, C, Jones, I, Lee, KS, Levene, A, Okocha, M, Olivier, J, Smith, A, Subramaniam, E, Tandle, S, Wang, A, Watson, A, Wilson, C, Chan, XHF, Khoo, E, Montgomery, C, Norris, M, Pugalenthi, PP, Common, T, Cook, E, Mistry, H, Shinmar, HS, Agarwal, G, Bandyopadhyay, S, Brazier, B, Carroll, L, Goede, A, Harbourne, A, Lakhani, A, Lami, M, Larwood, J, Martin, J, Merchant, J, Pattenden, S, Pradhan, A, Raafat, N, Rothwell, E, Shammoon, Y, Sudarshan, R, Vickers, E, Wingfield, L, Ashworth, I, Azizi, S, Bhate, R, Chowdhury, T, Christou, A, Davies, L, Dwaraknath, M, Farah, Y, Garner, J, Gureviciute, E, Hart, E, Jain, A, Javid, S, Kankam, HK, Kaur Toor, P, Kaz, R, Kermali, M, Khan, I, Mattson, A, McManus, A, Murphy, M, Nair, K, Ngemoh, D, Norton, E, Olabiran, A, Parry, L, Payne, T, Pillai, K, Price, S, Punjabi, K, Raghunathan, A, Ramwell, A, Raza, M, Ritehnia, J, Simpson, G, Smith, W, Sodeinde, S, Studd, L, Subramaniam, M, Thomas, J, Towey, S, Tsang, E, Tuteja, D, Vasani, J, Vio, M, Badran, A, Adams, J, Anthony Wilkinson, J, Asvandi, S, Austin, T, Bald, A, Bix, E, Carrick, M, Chander, B, Chowdhury, S, Cooper Drake, B, Crosbie, S, D Portela, S, Francis, D, Gallagher, C, Gillespie, R, Gravett, H, Gupta, P, Ilyas, C, James, G, Johny, J, Jones, A, Kinder, F, MacLeod, C, Macrow, C, Maqsood-Shah, A, Mather, J, McCann, L, McMahon, R, Mitham, E, Mohamed, M, Munton, E, Nightingale, K, O'Neill, K, Onyemuchara, I, Senior, R, Shanahan, A, Sherlock, J, Spyridoulias, A, Stavrou, C, Stokes, D, Tamang, R, Taylor, E, Trafford, C, Uden, C, Waddington, C, Yassin, D, Zaman, M, Bangi, S, Cheng, T, Chew, D, Hussain, N, Imani-Masouleh, S, Mahasivam, G, McKnight, G, Ng, HL, Ota, HC, Pasha, T, Ravindran, W, Shah, K, Vishnu K, S, Zaman, S, Carr, W, Cope, S, Eagles, EJ, Howarth-Maddison, M, Li, CY, Reed, J, Ridge, A, Stubbs, T, Teasdaled, D, Umar, R, Worthington, J, Dhebri, A, Kalenderov, R, Alattas, A, Arain, Z, Bhudia, R, Chia, D, Daniel, S, Dar, T, Garland, H, Girish, M, Hampson, A, Kyriacou, H, Lehovsky, K, Mullins, W, Omorphos, N, Vasdev, N, Venkatesh, A, Waldock, W, Bhandari, A, Brown, G, Choa, G, Eichenauer, CE, Ezennia, K, Kidwai, Z, Lloyd-Thomas, A, Macaskill Stewart, A, Massardi, C, Sinclair, E, Skajaa, N, Smith, M, Tan, I, Afsheen, N, Anuar, A, Azam, Z, Bhatia, P, Davies-kelly, N, Dickinson, S, Elkawafi, M, Ganapathy, M, Gupta, S, Khoury, EG, Licudi, D, Mehta, V, Neequaye, S, Nita, G, Tay, VL, Zhao, S, Botsa, E, Cuthbert, H, Elliott, J, Furlepa, M, Lehmann, J, Mangtani, A, Narayan, A, Nazarian, S, Parmar, C, Shah, D, Shaw, C, Zhao, Z, Beck, C, Caldwell, S, Clements, JM, French, B, Kenny, R, Kirk, S, Lindsay, J, McClung, A, McLaughlin, N, Watson, S, Whiteside, E, Alyacoubi, S, Arumugam, V, Beg, R, Dawas, K, Garg, S, Lloyd, ER, Mahfouz, Y, Manobharath, N, Moonesinghe, R, Morka, N, Patel, K, Prashar, J, Yip, S, Adeeko, ES, Ajekigbe, F, Bhat, A, Evans, C, Farrugia, A, Gurung, C, Long, T, Malik, B, Manirajan, S, Newport, D, Rayer, J, Ridha, A, Ross, E, Saran, T, Sinker, A, Waruingi, D, Allen, R, Al Sadek, Y, Alves do Canto Brum, H, Asharaf, H, Ashman, M, Balakumar, V, Barrington, J, Baskaran, R, Berry, A, Bhachoo, H, Bilal, A, Boaden, L, Chia, WL, Covell, G, Crook, D, Dadnam, F, Davis, L, De Berker, H, Doyle, C, Fox, C, Gruffydd-Davies, M, Hafouda, Y, Hill, A, Hubbard, E, Hunter, A, Inpadhas, V, Jamshaid, M, Jandu, G, Jeyanthi, M, Jones, T, Kantor, C, Kwak, SY, Malik, N, Matt, R, McNulty, P, Miles, C, Mohomed, A, Myat, P, Niharika, J, Nixon, A, O'Reilly, D, Parmar, K, Pengelly, S, Price, L, Ramsden, M, Turnor, R, Wales, E, Waring, H, Wu, M, Yang, T, Ye, TTS, Zander, A, Zeicu, C, Bellam, S, Francombe, J, Kawamoto, N, Rahman, MR, Sathyanarayana, A, Tang, HT, Cheung, J, Hollingshead, J, Page, V, Sugarman, J, Wong, E, Chiong, J, Fung, E, Kan, SY, Kiang, J, Kok, J, Krahelski, O, Liew, MY, Lyell, B, Sharif, Z, Speake, D, Alim, L, Amakye, NY, Chandrasekaran, J, Chandratreya, N, Drake, J, Owoso, T, Thu, YM, Abou El Ela Bourquin, B, Alberts, J, Chapman, D, Rehnnuma, N, Ainsworth, K, Carpenter, H, Emmanuel, T, Fisher, T, Gabrel, M, Guan, Z, Hollows, S, Hotouras, A, Ip Fung Chun, N, Jaffer, S, Kallikas, G, Kennedy, N, Lewinsohn, B, Liu, FY, Mohammed, S, Rutherfurd, A, Situ, T, Stammer, A, Taylor, F, Thin, N, Urgesi, E, Zhang, N, Ahmad, MA, Bishop, A, Bowes, A, Dixit, A, Glasson, R, Hatta, S, Hatt, K, Larcombe, S, Preece, J, Riordan, E, Fegredo, D, Haq, MZ, Li, C, McCann, G, Stewart, D, Baraza, W, Bhullar, D, Burt, G, Coyle, J, Deans, J, Devine, A, Hird, R, Ikotun, O, Manchip, G, Ross, C, Storey, L, Tan, WWL, Tse, C, Warner, C, Whitehead, M, Wu, F, Court, EL, Crisp, E, Huttman, M, Mayes, F, Robertson, H, Rosen, H, Sandberg, C, Smith, H, Al Bakry, M, Ashwell, W, Bajaj, S, Bandyopadhyay, D, Browlee, O, Burway, S, Chand, CP, Elsayeh, K, Elsharkawi, A, Evans, E, Ferrin, S, Fort-Schaale, A, Iacob, M, I, K, Impelliziere Licastro, G, Mankoo, AS, Olaniyan, T, Otun, J, Pereira, R, Reddy, R, Saeed, D, Simmonds, O, Singhal, G, Tron, K, Wickstone, C, Williams, R, Bradshaw, E, De Kock Jewell, V, Houlden, C, Knight, C, Metezai, H, Mirza-Davies, A, Seymour, Z, Spink, D, and Wischhusen, S
Subjects: Adult, Cohort Studies, Postoperative Complications, Health Information Management, Medicine (miscellaneous), COVID-19, Humans, Decision Sciences (miscellaneous), Health Informatics, Prospective Studies, Prognosis, Pandemics
Abstract: Background Stratifying risk of postoperative pulmonary complications after major abdominal surgery allows clinicians to modify risk through targeted interventions and enhanced monitoring. In this study, we aimed to identify and validate prognostic models against a new consensus definition of postoperative pulmonary complications. Methods We did a systematic review and international external validation cohort study. The systematic review was done in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched MEDLINE and Embase on March 1, 2020, for articles published in English that reported on risk prediction models for postoperative pulmonary complications following abdominal surgery. External validation of existing models was done within a prospective international cohort study of adult patients (≥18 years) undergoing major abdominal surgery. Data were collected between Jan 1, 2019, and April 30, 2019, in the UK, Ireland, and Australia. Discriminative ability and prognostic accuracy summary statistics were compared between models for the 30-day postoperative pulmonary complication rate as defined by the Standardised Endpoints in Perioperative Medicine Core Outcome Measures in Perioperative and Anaesthetic Care (StEP-COMPAC). Model performance was compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCC). Findings In total, we identified 2903 records from our literature search; of which, 2514 (86·6%) unique records were screened, 121 (4·8%) of 2514 full texts were assessed for eligibility, and 29 unique prognostic models were identified. Nine (31·0%) of 29 models had score development reported only, 19 (65·5%) had undergone internal validation, and only four (13·8%) had been externally validated. Data to validate six eligible models were collected in the international external validation cohort study. Data from 11 591 patients were available, with an overall postoperative pulmonary complication rate of 7·8% (n=903). None of the six models showed good discrimination (defined as AUROCC ≥0·70) for identifying postoperative pulmonary complications, with the Assess Respiratory Risk in Surgical Patients in Catalonia score showing the best discrimination (AUROCC 0·700 [95% CI 0·683–0·717]). Interpretation In the pre-COVID-19 pandemic data, variability in the risk of pulmonary complications (StEP-COMPAC definition) following major abdominal surgery was poorly described by existing prognostication tools. To improve surgical safety during the COVID-19 pandemic recovery and beyond, novel risk stratification tools are required. Funding British Journal of Surgery Society.
Published: 2022

14. Comparison of risk scoring systems for critical care patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding: predicting mortality and length of stay

Author: Marc, Lincoln, Niamh, Keating, Christopher, O'Loughlin, Angus, Tam, Molly, O'Kane, Finbar, MacCarthy, and Enda, O'Connor
Subjects: Intensive Care Units, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, ROC Curve, Critical Care, Humans, General Medicine, Length of Stay, Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage, Prognosis, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Severity of Illness Index, Risk Assessment, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common reason for intensive care admission. While there exist a number of UGIB scoring systems which are used to predict mortality, there are limited studies assessing the discriminative value of these scores in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The purpose of this study was to analyse five different UGIB scoring systems in predicting ICU mortality and length of stay and compare them to two commonly used ICU mortality scoring systems.We retrospectively identified all patients requiring ICU admission for UGIB to St James's Hospital over an 18-month period. We calculated their AIM65, Glasgow- Blatchford score, pre- and post-Rockall score, ABC, APACHE II and SOFA scores. We used area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) to compare the predictive values of these six scoring systems for ICU and hospital mortality as well as ICU length of stay greater than seven days.APACHE II showed excellent discriminative value in predicting mortality in ICU patients (AUROC: 0.87; CI: 0.75-0.99) while the SOFA score showed good discriminative value (AUROC: 0.71; CI: 0.50-0.93). None of the UGIB scoring systems predicted mortality in these patients. All scoring systems showed poor discriminative value in predicting ICU length of stay.We were not able to validate any of these UGIB scoring systems for mortality or length of stay prediction in ICU patients. This study supports the validity of APACHE II as a clinical tool for predicting mortality in ICU patients with UGIB.
Published: 2022

15. Associations among physical activity tracking, physical activity motivation and level of physical activity in young adults

Author: Catherine M. Sabiston, Kristen M. Lucibello, Erin K. O'Loughlin, Jennifer O'Loughlin, and Melissa L. deJonge
Subjects: Activity tracking, Motivation, medicine.medical_specialty, Physical activity, Walking, 030229 sport sciences, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Personal Autonomy, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Tracking (education), Young adult, Psychology, Exercise, Applied Psychology
Abstract: Whether physical activity (PA) tracking devices are associated with PA motivation in young adults is largely unknown. We compared total PA minutes per week, total minutes walking/week, meeting moderate-to vigorous PA guidelines, and past-year activity tracking across motivation cluster profiles among 799 young adults. Participants with “self-determined” profiles reported the highest total PA minutes/week followed by participants with “low intrinsic,” “controlled self-determined,” and “high external” proﬁles. A behavior regulation profile X activity tracking frequency interaction was not significant. Behavior regulation profiles may need to be considered in PA interventions using activity trackers.
Published: 2021

16. Family Members’ Understanding of the End-of-Life Wishes of People Undergoing Maintenance Dialysis

Author: Danielle C. Lavallee, J. Randall Curtis, Ann M. O’Hare, Fahad Saeed, Manjula Kurella Tamura, Ruth A. Engelberg, Paul L. Hebert, Elizabeth K. Vig, Catherine R. Butler, Kristen O'Loughlin, and Carlyn Clark
Subjects: Adult, Male, Value of Life, medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, medicine.medical_treatment, Decision Making, Population, MEDLINE, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Advance Care Planning, Cohen's kappa, Renal Dialysis, Surveys and Questionnaires, Life Prolongation, medicine, Humans, Family, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, education, Dialysis, Aged, Resuscitation Orders, Terminal Care, Transplantation, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Patient Preference, Original Articles, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Respiration, Artificial, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Preference, Life Support Care, Family member, Hospice Care, Nephrology, Family medicine, Female, Comprehension, business
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: People receiving maintenance dialysis must often rely on family members and other close persons to make critical treatment decisions toward the end of life. Contemporary data on family members’ understanding of the end-of-life wishes of members of this population are lacking. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: Among 172 family members of people undergoing maintenance dialysis, we ascertained their level of involvement in the patient’s care and prior discussions about care preferences. We also compared patient and family member responses to questions about end-of-life care using percentage agreement and the κ-statistic. RESULTS: The mean (SD) age of the 172 enrolled family members was 55 (±17) years, 136 (79%) were women, and 43 (25%) were Black individuals. Sixty-seven (39%) family members were spouses or partners of enrolled patients. A total of 137 (80%) family members had spoken with the patient about whom they would want to make medical decisions, 108 (63%) had spoken with the patient about their treatment preferences, 47 (27%) had spoken with the patient about stopping dialysis, and 56 (33%) had spoken with the patient about hospice. Agreement between patient and family member responses was highest for the question about whether the patient would want cardiopulmonary resuscitation (percentage agreement 83%, κ=0.31), and was substantially lower for questions about a range of other aspects of end-of-life care, including preference for mechanical ventilation (62%, 0.21), values around life prolongation versus comfort (45%, 0.13), preferred place of death (58%, 0.07), preferred decisional role (54%, 0.15), and prognostic expectations (38%, 0.15). CONCLUSIONS: Most surveyed family members reported they had spoken with the patient about their end-of-life preferences but not about stopping dialysis or hospice. Although family members had a fair understanding of patients’ cardiopulmonary resuscitation preferences, most lacked a detailed understanding of their perspectives on other aspects of end-of-life care.
Published: 2021

17. Haematological parameters and coagulation in umbilical cord blood following COVID-19 infection in pregnancy

Author: Elaine Neary, Patricia B. Maguire, Fionnuala NiAinle, Afif El-Khuffash, John O'Loughlin, Sarah Cullivan, Naomi McCallion, Barry Kevane, Claire A Murphy, Fergal D. Malone, Richard J. Drew, Jennifer C. Donnelly, Daniel O'Reilly, Emma Doyle, Luisa Weiss, Wendy Ferguson, and Osasere Edebiri
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, placenta, TTP, Time to peak thrombin, Birth weight, Population, CAT, Calibrated automated thrombography, Umbilical cord, Pregnancy, Full Length Article, Placenta, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, education, Prospective cohort study, FBC, Full blood count, thrombosis, UCB, Umbilical cord blood, Fetus, education.field_of_study, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Obstetrics, prematurity, Pregnancy Outcome, COVID-19, Obstetrics and Gynecology, EDTA, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, IQR, Interquartile range, Blood Coagulation Disorders, Fetal Blood, medicine.disease, Thrombosis, congenital infection, PPP, platelet poor plasma, medicine.anatomical_structure, Reproductive Medicine, ETP, Endogenous thrombin potential, Case-Control Studies, RNA, Viral, Female, business
Abstract: Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate infants, born to women with SARS-CoV-2 detected during pregnancy, for evidence of haematological abnormalities or hypercoagulability in umbilical cord blood. Study design This was a prospective observational case-control study of infants born to women who had SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected by PCR at any time during their pregnancy (n = 15). The study was carried out in a Tertiary University Maternity Hospital (8,500 deliveries/year) in Ireland. This study was approved by the Hospital Research Ethics Committee and written consent was obtained. Umbilical cord blood samples were collected at delivery, full blood count and Calibrated Automated Thrombography were performed. Demographics and clinical outcomes were recorded. Healthy term infants, previously recruited as controls to a larger study prior to the outbreak of COVID-19, were the historical control population (n = 10). Results Infants born to women with SARS-CoV-2 had similar growth parameters (birth weight 3600 g v 3680 g, p = 0.83) and clinical outcomes to healthy controls, such as need for resuscitation at birth (2 (13.3%) v 1 (10%), p = 1.0) and NICU admission (1 (6.7%) v 2 (20%), p = 0.54). Haematological parameters (Haemoglobin, platelet, white cell and lymphocyte counts) in the COVID-19 group were all within normal neonatal reference ranges. Calibrated Automated Thrombography revealed no differences in any thrombin generation parameters (lag time (p = 0.92), endogenous thrombin potential (p = 0.24), peak thrombin (p = 0.44), time to peak thrombin (p = 0.94)) between the two groups. Conclusion In this prospective study including eligible cases in a very large population of approximately 1500 women, there was no evidence of derangement of the haematological parameters or hypercoagulability in umbilical cord blood due to COVID-19. Further research is required to investigate the pathological placental changes, particularly COVID-19 placentitis and the impact of different strains of SARS-CoV-2 (particularly the B.1.1.7 and the emerging Delta variant) and the severity and timing of infection on the developing fetus.
Published: 2021

18. Do demographic and socioeconomic characteristics underpin differences in youth smoking initiation across Canadian provinces? Evidence from the Canadian Community Health Survey (2015-2018)

Author: Thierry Gagné, Annie Pelekanakis, and Jennifer L. O’Loughlin
Subjects: Canada, Adolescent, British Columbia, Epidemiology, Health Policy, Smoking, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Income, Humans, Public Health, Emigration and Immigration, Article
Abstract: Youth initiation may drive differences in smoking prevalence across Canadian provinces. Provincial differences in initiation relate to tobacco control strategies and public health funding, but have also been attributed to population characteristics. We test this hypothesis by examining the extent to which seven characteristics-immigration, language, family structure, education, income, home ownership and at-school status-explain differences in initiation across provinces.We used data from 16 897 youth aged 12 to 17 years in the Canadian Community Health Survey collected from 2015 to 2018. To examine the proportion of provincial differences explained by population characteristics, we compared average marginal effects (AMEs) from partially and fully adjusted models regressing "having ever initiated" on province and other characteristics. We also tested interactions to examine differences in the association between population characteristics and initiation across provinces.Initiation varied from 4% in British Columbia to 10% in Quebec. Being born in Canada, speaking French, not living in a two-parent household, being in the lowest household income quintile, having parents without postsecondary education, living in rented accommodation and not being in school were each associated with initiation. Taking these results into consideration, the AME of residing in another province compared with Quebec was attenuated by between 3% and 9%. Family structure and household income were more strongly associated with initiation in the Atlantic region and Manitoba, but not in Quebec.Differences in initiation between Quebec and other provinces are unlikely to be substantially explained by their demographic or socioeconomic composition. Reprioritizing tobacco control and public health funding are likely key in attaining the "tobacco endgame" across provinces.L’initiation à l’usage du tabac chez les jeunes peut créer des différences de prévalence du tabagisme entre les provinces canadiennes. On sait que les différences provinciales en matière d’initiation sont liées aux stratégies de lutte contre le tabagisme et au financement de la santé publique, mais elles ont également été attribuées aux caractéristiques de la population. Nous mettons cette hypothèse à l’épreuve en évaluant dans quelle mesure sept caractéristiques (immigration, langue, structure familiale, niveau d’études, revenu, accession à la propriété et statut d’étudiant) expliquent les différences d’initiation entre les provinces.Nous avons utilisé les données de 16 897 jeunes de 12 à 17 ans recueillies de 2015 à 2018 dans le cadre de l’Enquête sur la santé dans les collectivités canadiennes. Pour évaluer la proportion des différences provinciales expliquées par les caractéristiques de la population, nous avons comparé les effets marginaux moyens (EMM) partiellement et entièrement ajustés à partir de régressions du statut « avoir déjà été initié à l’usage du tabac » selon la province et d’autres caractéristiques. Nous avons également testé les interactions pour évaluer les différences dans l’association entre les caractéristiques de la population et l’initiation entre les provinces.La prévalence du statut d’initiation variait entre 4 % en Colombie-Britannique et 10 % au Québec. Les facteurs suivants ont été associés à l’initiation : le fait d’être né au Canada, de parler français, de ne pas vivre dans un ménage biparental, de se trouver dans le quintile de revenu du ménage le plus bas, d’avoir des parents sans études postsecondaires, de vivre dans un logement loué et de ne pas fréquenter l’école. Compte tenu de ces résultats, l’EMM de la résidence dans une autre province par rapport au Québec a été atténué de 3 % à 9 %. La structure familiale et le revenu du ménage étaient plus fortement associés à l’initiation dans la région de l’Atlantique et au Manitoba, mais pas au Québec.Il est peu probable que les différences d’initiation entre le Québec et les autres provinces s’expliquent majoritairement par la composition démographique ou socioéconomique. La redéfinition des priorités en matière de lutte contre le tabagisme et de financement de la santé publique sera probablement essentielle pour atteindre l’objectif ultime de cessation du tabac dans toutes les provinces.Smoking initiation rates vary substantially across Canadian provinces and are highest in Quebec. Initiation is strongly associated with demographic (e.g. immigration) and socioeconomic (e.g. household income) characteristics. Differences in these characteristics, however, explained less than 10% of differences in initiation between Quebec and other provinces. The lack of an explanation based on demographic and socioeconomic composition highlights the need of a coordinated national strategy.Les taux d’initiation à l’usage du tabac varient considérablement d’une province canadienne à l’autre et sont plus élevés au Québec. L’initiation est fortement associée aux caractéristiques démographiques (comme l’immigration) et socioéconomiques (comme le revenu du ménage). Toutefois, les différences entre ces caractéristiques expliquent moins de 10 % des différences entre le Québec et les autres provinces en matière d’initiation. L’absence d’explication fondée sur la composition démographique et socioéconomique souligne la nécessité d’une stratégie nationale coordonnée.
Published: 2022

19. Feasibility of Patient Navigation for Care Planning in Primary Care

Author: Jennifer L. Gilbert Hinesley, Edward Marshall Brooks, Kristen O’Loughlin, Benjamin Webel, Jacqueline Britz, Paulette Lail Kashiri, Jonathan Scheer, Alicia Richards, Martin Lavallee, Roy T. Sabo, Amy G. Huebschmann, and Alex H. Krist
Subjects: Community and Home Care, Self Care, Mental Health, Chronic Disease, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Humans, Patient Navigation, Feasibility Studies
Abstract: Objectives: To help better control chronic conditions we need to address root causes of poor health like unhealthy behaviors, mental health, and social needs. However, addressing these needs in primary care is difficult. One solution may be connecting patients with a navigator for support creating a personal care goal. Methods: As part of an RCT to evaluate a feasible approach to care planning, 24 clinicians from 12 practices in the Virginia Ambulatory Care Outcomes Research Network (ACORN) and 87 intervention patients with uncontrolled chronic conditions participated in a care planning intervention. We had a structured process to guide patients, train navigators, and adapt the navigation process to meet the needs of each practice. Results: Only 1 practice had bandwidth for staff to serve as a patient navigator, even for extra pay. For the other 11 practices, a research team member needed to provide navigation services. On average, patients wanted 25 weeks of support to complete care plans. The average time patients needed to speak with navigators on the phone was 7 min and 3 s. In exit interviews, patients consistently shared how motivational it was to have a caring person check in on them, offer help, and hold them accountable. Conclusion: Patient navigation to address care plans should be feasible. The time commitment is minimal. It does not require intensive training, and primary care is already doing much of this work. Yet, given the burden and competing demands in primary care, this help cannot be offered without additional resources.
Published: 2022

20. Perspectives of operational staff working in residential care and aged care reforms

Author: Lee-Fay Low, Kate O'Loughlin, Cathy Monro, and Lynette Mackenzie
Subjects: Government, Service delivery framework, media_common.quotation_subject, Australia, General Medicine, Royal Commission, Nursing, Residential care, Service (economics), Workforce, Humans, Nursing Care, Quality (business), Aged care, Business, Delivery of Health Care, health care economics and organizations, General Nursing, Aged, Quality of Health Care, media_common
Abstract: Australia is undergoing major aged care reforms, changing from the previous service provider-driven approach to consumer-directed care principles. In residential aged care, this has resulted in a significant reduction in government funding in order to support reform initiatives in home and community-based care. There has been limited research on the impact of structural aspects of the reforms such as the effect of changes in funding focus. Using a qualitative descriptive research methodology, this study explores the impact of the reforms on staff at various levels of operational responsibility in residential aged care. Issues identified by participants centered on the capacity to deliver care in three areas, the impact of funding reduction, challenges in meeting increasingly complex needs of residents and their families, and new requirements for care roles within current limitations. This paper provides an insight into how and why operational issues have informed the findings of the current Australian Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety. It identifies areas of support for the aged care workforce that are crucial in fulfilling consumer-focused care delivery.
Published: 2021

21. Use of medical services by older Australian women with dementia: a longitudinal cohort study

Author: Jamie Bryant, Colette Joy Browning, Sally O'Loughlin, Dominic Cavenagh, Danielle Mazza, Julie Byles, and Rob Sanson-Fisher
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Longitudinal study, National Health Programs, Gee, Odds, Cohort Studies, Health care, Humans, Medicine, Dementia, Longitudinal Studies, health service use, Aged, general practice, business.industry, Public health, Australia, longitudinal study, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Attendance, medicine.disease, health assessments, Family medicine, Needs assessment, Female, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, business, dementia
Abstract: Objective: To assess the use of Medicare‐subsidised health services by women with and without dementia. Methods: Data from women of the 1921–26 birth cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health were linked to various administrative datasets to ascertain dementia diagnosis. The use of subsidised general practitioner (GP) services (75+ health assessments [HAs], chronic disease management meetings [CDMs], multidisciplinary case conferences [MCCs]) and specialist and allied health services between 2000 and 2013 for these women was analysed using longitudinal GEE models. Results: A total of 9,683 women were included with 1,444 (15%) women identified as having dementia. Compared to women with no dementia indication, women with dementia had more yearly non‐emergency GP attendances (short [30 minutes] IRR=1.11 [1.04, 1.19]) and fewer specialist attendances (IRR=0.91 [0.85, 0.97]) and were more likely to have an emergency GP attendance (OR=2.29 [2.05, 2.57]). There were no significant differences in the odds of having either a HA or CDM or using allied health services for women with and without dementia indicators. Conclusions: The overall use of services designed to improve the prevention and coordination of the care of older people with chronic conditions was low. Women with dementia were no more likely to access these services. Implications for public health: There is underuse of some primary and allied healthcare services designed for people with complex chronic conditions. These could be better used by women with dementia to improve the management of complex comorbidities (e.g. CDMs), to prevent the onset of disability (e.g. physiotherapy), and enhance needs assessment and service access (e.g. HAs).
Published: 2021

22. Initiation or cessation: what keeps the prevalence of smoking higher in Quebec than in the rest of Canada?

Author: Thierry Gagné, Jennifer O'Loughlin, Annie Pelekanakis, Katherine L. Frohlich, and Cynthia Callard
Subjects: Adult, Medicine (General), Canada, Adolescent, Epidemiology, business.industry, Health Policy, Smoking, Quebec, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Health Surveys, Article, Smoking initiation, R5-920, Cigarette smoking, Rest (finance), Community health, Prevalence, Humans, Medicine, business, Demography
Abstract: We compared smoking initiation and cessation in Quebec versus the rest of Canada as possible underpinnings of the continued higher cigarette smoking prevalence in Quebec.Data were drawn from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). We compared average and sex-stratified prevalence estimates of (1) current cigarette smoking in persons aged 15 years and older; (2) past-year initiation of cigarette smoking in those aged 12 to 17 and 18 to 24 years; and (3) past-year cessation in adults aged 25 years and older in Quebec versus the other nine Canadian provinces in each two-year CCHS cycle from 2007/08 to 2017/18.The prevalence of current smoking decreased from 25% to 18% among adults aged 15 years and older in Quebec from 2007/08 to 2017/18, and from 22% to 16% in the rest of Canada. Initiation among those aged 12 to 17 years decreased from 9% to 5% in Quebec, and from 7% to 3% in the rest of Canada. Neither initiation among people aged 18 to 24 (at 6% and 7%, respectively) nor cessation among adults aged 25 and older (approximately 8%) changed over time in Quebec or in the rest of Canada. In each two-year CCHS cycle, past-year initiation among those 12 to 17 years of age was consistently higher in Quebec than in the rest of Canada, but there were no substantial or sustained differences in initiation among people aged 18 to 24 or in past-year cessation. Findings were similar when stratified by sex.Higher levels of smoking initiation among youth aged 12 to 17 years could be a proximal underpinning of the continuing higher prevalence of smoking in Quebec versus the rest of Canada.Nous avons comparé l’initiation à l’usage du tabac et l’arrêt du tabac au Québec et dans le reste du Canada en vue d’expliquer pourquoi l’usage de la cigarette restait plus répandu au Québec.Les données proviennent de l’Enquête sur la santé dans les collectivités canadiennes (ESCC). Nous avons comparé les taux estimés moyens et stratifiés selon le sexe en ce qui concerne 1) l’usage de la cigarette chez les 15 ans et plus, 2) l’initiation à l’usage de la cigarette au cours de l’année précédente chez les 12 à 17 ans et chez les 18 à 24 ans et 3) l’arrêt du tabac au cours de l’année précédente chez les adultes de 25 ans et plus, au Québec par rapport aux neuf autres provinces canadiennes et dans chaque cycle de deux ans l’ESCC entre 2007-2008 et 2017-2018.Entre 2007-2008 et 2017-2018, le taux de tabagisme est passé de 25 % à 18 % chez les 15 ans et plus au Québec, et de 22 % à 16 % ailleurs au Canada. Le taux d’initiation chez les 12 à 17 ans a chuté de 9 % à 5 % au Québec et de 7 % à 3 % dans le reste du Canada. L’initiation au tabac chez les 18 à 24 ans (respectivement 6 % et 7 %) et l’arrêt du tabac chez les adultes de 25 ans et plus (environ 8 %) sont restés stables au fil du temps au Québec et dans le reste du Canada. Lors de chaque cycle de deux ans de l’ESCC, l’initiation au cours l’année précédente chez les 12 à 17 ans était systématiquement plus élevée au Québec que dans le reste du Canada, mais il n’y avait aucune différence importante ou soutenue en ce qui a trait aux taux d’initiation chez les 18 à 24 ans ou à l’arrêt au cours de l’année précédente. Les résultats demeuraient comparables lorsqu’ils étaient stratifiés selon le sexe.Les proportions accrues d’initiation à l’usage du tabac chez les jeunes de 12 à 17 ans pourraient être une cause immédiate de la persistance de taux supérieurs d’usage du tabac au Québec en comparaison du reste du Canada.Between fiscal years 2007/08 and 2017/18, the prevalence of cigarette smoking decreased in both Quebec and the rest of Canada. The percent of youth aged 12 to 17 years who initiated smoking was consistently higher in Quebec compared to the rest of Canada from 2007/08 to 2017/18. Initiation among those aged 18 to 24 years and cessation among adults aged 25 and older did not differ between Quebec and the rest of Canada. The continuing higher smoking prevalence in Quebec could relate in part to continuing higher levels of initiation in adolescents.Entre 2007-2008 et 2017-2018, le pourcentage de fumeurs a diminué tant au Québec que dans le reste du Canada. Le pourcentage de jeunes de 12 à 17 ans ayant commencé à fumer est demeuré constamment plus élevé au Québec par rapport au reste du Canada entre 2007 2008 et 2017 2018. L’initiation à l’usage du tabac chez les 18 à 24 ans et l’arrêt chez les 25 ans et plus n’étaient pas différents entre le Québec et le reste du Canada. L’usage toujours plus élevé du tabac au Québec pourrait être en partie lié à la persistance d’un taux accru d’initiation à l’usage du tabac chez les adolescents.
Published: 2021

23. Cigarette Smoking Trajectories in Adolescent Smokers: Does the Time Axis Metric Matter?

Author: Erika N. Dugas, Jennifer O'Loughlin, Beatrice Lauzon, Marie-Pierre Sylvestre, and Miceline Mésidor
Subjects: Adult, Natural course, Schools, Smokers, Adolescent, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Contrast (statistics), Tobacco Use Disorder, medicine.disease, Cigarette Smoking, Young Adult, Cigarette smoking, medicine, Humans, Trajectory analysis, Smoking status, Longitudinal Studies, Metric (unit), Young adult, Child, Nicotine dependence, Psychology, Demography
Abstract: Introduction Most studies modeling adolescent cigarette smoking trajectories use age as the time axis, possibly obscuring depiction of the natural course of cigarette smoking. We used a simulated example and real data to contrast smoking trajectories obtained from models that used time since smoking onset or calendar time (age) as the time axis. Methods Data were drawn from a longitudinal investigation of 1293 grade 7 students (mean age 12.8 years) recruited from 10 high schools in Montreal, Canada in 1999–2000, who were followed into young adulthood. Cigarette consumption was measured every 3 months during high school, and again at mean ages 20.4 and 24.0. Analyses using time since onset of smoking as the time metric was restricted to 307 incident smokers; analysis using calendar time included 645 prevalent and incident smokers. Smoking status and nicotine dependence (ND) were assessed at mean ages 20.4 and 24.0. Simulated data mimicked the real study during high school. Results Use of different time metrics resulted in different numbers and shapes of trajectories in the simulated and real datasets. Participants in the calendar time analyses reported more ND in young adulthood, reflecting inclusion of 388 prevalent smokers who had smoked for longer durations. Conclusions Choosing the right time metric for trajectory analysis should be balanced against research intent. Trajectory analyses using the time since onset metric depict the natural course of smoking in incident smokers. Those using calendar time offer a snapshot of smoking across ages during a given time period. Implications This study uses simulated and real data to show that trajectory analyses of cigarette smoking that use calendar time (e.g., age) versus time since onset as the time axis metric tell a different story. Trajectory analyses using the time since onset metric depict the natural course of smoking in incident smokers. Those using calendar time offer a snapshot of smoking across ages during a given time period. Choosing the right time metric should be balanced against research intent.
Published: 2021

24. Development of a core outcome set for venous leg ulceration (CoreVen) research evaluations (protocol)

Author: Jane Nixon, Sebastian Probst, Aonghus O'Loughlin, Sarah Hallas, Pauline Meskell, Georgina Gethin, Susan O'Meara, Una Adderley, Andrea Nelson, Wael Tawfick, and Thomas Wild
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Delphi Technique, Psychological intervention, Dermatology, Outcome (game theory), Venous leg ulcer, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Clinical Protocols, Surveys and Questionnaires, Humans, Medicine, Set (psychology), Protocol (science), 030504 nursing, business.industry, Leg Ulcer, medicine.disease, Treatment Outcome, Systematic review, Reporting bias, Physical therapy, 0305 other medical science, business, Qualitative research
Abstract: Background A venous leg ulcer is a chronic leg wound caused by poor venous blood circulation in the lower limbs. It is a recurring condition causing pain, malodour, reduced mobility, and depression. Randomised controlled trials evaluating treatments for venous leg ulcers provide important evidence to inform clinical decision-making. However, for findings to be useful, outcomes need to be clinically meaningful, consistently reported across trials, and fully reported. Research has identified the large number of outcomes reported in venous leg ulcer trials, impacting both synthesis of results, and clinical decision-making. To address this, a core outcome set will be developed. A core outcome set is an agreed standardised set of outcomes which should be, as a minimum, measured and reported in all trials which evaluate treatment effectiveness for a given indication. A core outcome set has the potential to reduce research waste, improve the utility of RCTs, reduce reporting bias, facilitate treatment comparisons across different sources of evidence and expedite the production of systematic reviews, meta-analyses and evidence-based clinical guidelines. Aim The aim of this project is to develop a core outcome set for research evaluating the effectiveness of interventions for treating venous leg ulceration. Methods Through a scoping review of the literature on venous leg ulceration, we will firstly identify a list of candidate outcome domains (broad categories in relation to what is being measured) from randomised controlled trials and qualitative research, and outcomes (specific methods in relation to what is being measured). In two further stages, we will use the resulting lists of outcome domains and outcomes to design two online surveys. A range of stakeholders will be invited to participate in the surveys and they will be asked to indicate which outcome domains and outcomes are most important and should be considered as core in future research reports.
Published: 2021

25. Twelve-Month Outcomes of the AFFINITY Trial of Fluoxetine for Functional Recovery After Acute Stroke: AFFINITY Trial Steering Committee on Behalf of the AFFINITY Trial Collaboration

Author: Graeme J. Hankey, Maree L. Hackett, Osvaldo P. Almeida, Leon Flicker, Gillian E. Mead, Martin S. Dennis, Christopher Etherton-Beer, Andrew H. Ford, Laurent Billot, Stephen Jan, Thomas Lung, Erik Lundström, Katharina S. Sunnerhagen, Craig S. Anderson, Huy Thang-Nguyen, John Gommans, Qilong Yi, Veronica Murray, Robert Herbert, Gregory Carter, Geoffrey A. Donnan, Huy-Thang Nguyen, Qiang Li, Severine Bompoint, Sarah Barrett, Anne Claxton, Julia O’Dea, Michelle Tang, Clare Williams, Shenae Peterson, Christie Drummond, Uyen-Ha Hong, Linh-Thi My Le, Tram-Thi Bich Ngo, Yen-Bao Mai, Huyen-Thanh Han, Nhu-Quynh Truong, Huong-Thi Nguyen, Hai-Thanh Ngo, Thi Binh Nguyen, Oanh-Thi Kieu Ha, Trang-Le Huyen Nguyen, Richard I. Lindley, Peter New, Andrew Lee, Thanh-Trung Tran, Loan-Tran Truc Mai Le, Thuy-Le Vu Kieu, Sang-Van Nguyen, Thuy-Anh Diem Nguyen, Tam-Nhat Dang, Hanh-Thi Truc Phan, Loan-Thi Ngoc Vo, Mai-Hue Nguyen, Hanh-Cao Dang, Hong-Thi Tran, Linh-Thi Cam Dam, Trinh-Thi Kim Ngo, Thai-Nguyen Thanh Pham, Binh-Nguyen Pham, Nha-Thi Thanh Dao, Huong-Thi Bich Nguyen, Linh-Thi Cam Le, Chi-Minh Do, Huy-Quoc Huynh, Giau-Thi Kim Tran, Oanh-Thi Le, Ly-Thi Khanh Tran, Chinh-Dinh Duong, Duong-Van Kieu, Na Le, Hoa-Ngoc Nguyen, Binh-Van Le, Long-Thanh Nguyen, Long-Van Nguyen, Tuan-Quoc Dinh, Tan-Van Vo, Tram-Ngoc Bui, Uyen-Thi To Hoang, Hien-Thi Bich Nguyen, Ha-Thi Thu Nguyen, Nga-Thuy Lam, Khanh-Kim Le, Phuong-Thanh Trinh, Hop-Quang Huynh, Thao-Thi Thu Nguyen, Huyen-Ngoc Lu, Tham-Hong Pham, Sam-Hoanh Nguyen, Ninh-Hong Le, Giang-Truong Nguyen, Bich-Thi Doan, Sung-Phuoc Pham, Duong-Huu Luong, Ha-Van Mai, Thuc-Van Tran, Phuong-Thi Do, Hoai-Thi Le, Chi-Van Nguyen, Phuong-Doan Nguyen, Ton-Duy Mai, Phuong-Viet Dao, Dung-Tien Nguyen, Dai-Quoc Khuong, Trung-Xuan Vuong, Lan-Tuong Vu, Ngoc-Duc Ngo, Hanh-Hong Dang, Phuong-Thai Truong, Ngan-Thi Le, Hoa-Van Hoang, Chung-Quang Do, Minh-Thao Nguyen, Anh-Hai Dam, Quynh-Nhu Le, Ngoc-Hoang Nguyen, Tuyen-Van Nguyen, Toan-Dinh Le, Ha-Thi Hai Dinh, Cuong–Van Pham, Khanh-Thi Ngoc Thach, Linh-Hai Nguyen, Loan-Thi Nguyen, Vien-Chi Le, Phuong-Hong Tran, Tai-Anh Nguyen, Tuan-Van Le, Luyen-Van Truong, Tue-Chau Bui, Ngoc-Xuan Huynh, Lap-Van Dinh, An-Gia Pham, Trang-Thi Huyen Le, Vy-Tuong Nguyen, Yen-Hai Nguyen, Thang-Ba Nguyen, Huy Thai, Quyen-Thi Ngoc Pham, Khoa-Duy Dao, Quoc-Nguyen Bao Pham, Thuong-Thi Huyen Dang, Huong-Huynh To Dinh, Trang-Mai Tong, Thuy-Thi Vu, Si-Tri Le, Tai-Ngoc Tran, Phuong-Hoai Tran, Ngoc-Thuy Nhu Dinh, Binh-Thanh Nguyen, Vinh-Phuong Do, Anh-Ngoc Nguyen, Binh-Thi Thanh Nguyen, David Blacker, Lindsey Bunce, Ai Ling Tan, Darshan Ghia, Gillian Edmonds, Nicole O’Loughlin, Megan Ewing, Kerri-Ann Whittaker, Lorralee Deane, Yash Gawarikar, Brett Jones, Maria Lopez, Koushik Nagesh, Emma Siracusa, Stephen Davis, Amy McDonald, Jess Tsoleridis, Rachael McCoy, David Jackson, Gab Silver, Timothy R. Bates, Amanda Boudville, Lynda Southwell, Dennis Cordato, Alan J. McDougall, Cecilia Cappelen-Smith, Zeljka Calic, Shabeel Askar, Qi Cheng, Raymond Kumar, Richard Geraghty, Maree Duroux, Megan Ratcliffe, Samantha Shone, Cassandra McLennan, Ramesh Sahathevan, Casey Hair, Stanley Levy, Beverley Macdonald, Benjamin Nham, Louise Rigney, Dev Nathani, Sumana Gopinath, Vishal Patel, Abul Mamun, Benjamin Trewin, Chun Phua, Ho Choong, Lauren Tarrant, Kerry Boyle, Luisa Hewitt, Monique Hourn, Amanda Masterson, Kim Oakley, Karen Ruddell, Colette Sanctuary, Kimberley Veitch, Camelia Burdusel, Lina Lee, Gary Cheuk, Jeremy Christley, Tabitha Hartwell, Craig Davenport, Kate Hickey, Rosanna Robertson, Michelle Carr, Sam Akbari, Hannah Coyle, Megan O’Neill, Cameron Redpath, Caroline Roberts, Marjan Tabesh, Toni Withiel, Kapila Abeysuriya, Andrew Granger, Angela Abraham, Chermaine Chua, Dung Do Nguyen, Vathani Surendran, Melissa Daines, David Shivlal, Mudassar Latif, Noreen Mughal, Patricia Morgan, Martin Krause, Miriam Priglinger, Ehsan E. Shandiz, Susan Day, Lay Kho, Michael Pollack, Judith Dunne, Helen Baines, Merridie Rees, Jenni White, Aicuratiya Withanage, Candice Delcourt, Cheryl Carcel, Alejandra Malavera, Amy Kunchok, Elizabeth Ray, Elizabeth Pepper, Emily Duckett, Sally Ormond, Andrew Moey, Timothy Kleinig, Vanessa Maxwell, Chantal Baldwin, Wilson Vallat, Deborah Field, Romesh Markus, Kirsty Page, Danielle Wheelwright, Sam Bolitho, Steven Faux, Fix Sangvatanakul, Alexis Brown, Susan Walker, Jennifer Massey, Hillary Hayes, Pesi Katrak, Annie Winker, Alessandro Zagami, Alanah Bailey, Sarah Mccormack, Andrew Murray, Mark Rollason, Christopher Taylor, Fintan O’Rourke, Ye Min Kuang, Heike Burnet, Yvonne Liu, Aileen Wu, Diana Ramirez, Tissa Wijeratne, Sherisse Celestino, Essie Low, Cynthia Chen, Jennifer Bergqvist, Andrew Evans, Queenie Leung, Martin Jude, Rachael McQueen, Katherine Mohr, Latitia Kernaghan, Paul Stockle, Boon L. Tan, Sara Laubscher, Diana Schmid, Melissa Spooner, Bhavesh Lallu, Bronwen Pepperell, John Chalissery, Karim Mahawish, Susan DeCaigney, Paula Broughton, Karen Knight, Veronica Duque, Harry McNaughton, Jeremy Lanford, Vivian Fu, and Lai-Kin Wong
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Steering committee, medicine.medical_treatment, Placebo, B700, Fractures, Bone, Cognition, Double-Blind Method, Recurrence, Seizures, Fluoxetine, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, Stroke, Fatigue, Aged, Ischemic Stroke, Acute stroke, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, business.industry, Recovery of Function, Middle Aged, Functional recovery, medicine.disease, Clinical trial, Affect, Hemorrhagic Stroke, Quality of Life, Accidental Falls, Female, Neurology (clinical), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Stroke recovery, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, medicine.drug
Abstract: Background and Purpose: The AFFINITY trial (Assessment of Fluoxetine in Stroke Recovery) reported that oral fluoxetine 20 mg daily for 6 months after acute stroke did not improve functional outcome and increased the risk of falls, bone fractures, and seizures. After trial medication was ceased at 6 months, survivors were followed to 12 months post-randomization. This preplanned secondary analysis aimed to determine any sustained or delayed effects of fluoxetine at 12 months post-randomization. Methods: AFFINITY was a randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in adults (n=1280) with a clinical diagnosis of stroke in the previous 2 to 15 days and persisting neurological deficit who were recruited at 43 hospital stroke units in Australia (n=29), New Zealand (4), and Vietnam (10) between 2013 and 2019. Participants were randomized to oral fluoxetine 20 mg once daily (n=642) or matching placebo (n=638) for 6 months and followed until 12 months after randomization. The primary outcome was function, measured by the modified Rankin Scale, at 6 months. Secondary outcomes for these analyses included measures of the modified Rankin Scale, mood, cognition, overall health status, fatigue, health-related quality of life, and safety at 12 months. Results: Adherence to trial medication was for a mean 167 (SD 48) days and similar between randomized groups. At 12 months, the distribution of modified Rankin Scale categories was similar in the fluoxetine and placebo groups (adjusted common odds ratio, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.76–1.14]; P =0.46). Compared with placebo, patients allocated fluoxetine had fewer recurrent ischemic strokes (14 [2.18%] versus 29 [4.55%]; P =0.02), and no longer had significantly more falls (27 [4.21%] versus 15 [2.35%]; P =0.08), bone fractures (23 [3.58%] versus 11 [1.72%]; P =0.05), or seizures (11 [1.71%] versus 8 [1.25%]; P =0.64) at 12 months. Conclusions: Fluoxetine 20 mg daily for 6 months after acute stroke had no delayed or sustained effect on functional outcome, falls, bone fractures, or seizures at 12 months poststroke. The lower rate of recurrent ischemic stroke in the fluoxetine group is most likely a chance finding. Registration: URL: http://www.anzctr.org.au/ ; Unique identifier: ACTRN12611000774921.
Published: 2021

26. Effectiveness of Intense Accent Modification Training With Refugees From Burma

Author: Angela Burda, Lindsey Squires, David Krupke, Andrew Arthur, Mariana Bahia, Kevin Bernard, Matt Easley, Maggie English, Joslyn Hicks, Valeria Johnson, Megan Lancaster, Elizabeth O'Loughlin, and Samantha Skaar
Subjects: Male, Speech and Hearing, Linguistics and Language, Refugees, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing Tests, Speech Intelligibility, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Humans, Female, Myanmar
Abstract: Purpose: This pilot research project sought to determine if an intensive accent modification training program that included See the Sound-Visual Phonics and prosodic gestures improved articulation, prosody, and intelligibility measures in refugees from Burma. Participants: Four individuals (two men, two women) aged 20–67 participated in this study, and they were recruited from a state organization supporting refugees who have resettled in the United States. Method: All participants completed the Proficiency in Oral English Communication (POEC) and Assessment of Intelligibility of Dysarthric Speech (AIDS) to measure pre- and posttraining changes. The duration of this study was 6 weeks and consisted of 1 week of pretesting, 4 weeks of accent modification training, and 1 week of posttesting. Participants attended a total of twelve 50-min accent modification training sessions, including eight individual sessions (twice per week) and four group sessions (once per week), which provided a functional way to practice newly acquired skills in a scripted conversational-type format. Trained and untrained articulation and prosody probes were used to establish baselines and measure change. Results: All four participants showed gains across articulation and prosody (in untrained and trained items). On pre- and posttest measures, three of the four participants also made gains on the broad measures of the AIDS and the POEC. Conclusion: Findings support that a brief and intensive multimodality accent modification program can be beneficial.
Published: 2022

27. Teaching health promotion competencies in undergraduate dentistry training: A unique pedagogical approach

Author: Tammy Allen, Mary O'Loughlin, and Felicity Ann Croker
Subjects: Community and Home Care, Universities, Dentistry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Humans, Health Promotion, Students, Health Education
Abstract: Using appropriate pedagogical approaches in undergraduate dentistry training is important to develop student's health promotion knowledge, and to shape their attitude towards using these competencies in future dentistry practice. This brief report documents the signature pedagogical approach developed for an undergraduate health science subject at James Cook University, to teach dentistry students health promotion competencies.The signature pedagogy involves three key approaches - experiential learning, cooperative learning and inquiry-based learning. Experiential learning "beyond the classroom" enables students to develop and deliver a school-based oral health promotion program. "Inside the classroom," role-plays encourage students to apply their health promotion skills to real-world dentistry scenarios. Cooperative learning techniques such as "think, pair, share" create a supportive environment for students to confidently exchange ideas; and inquiry-based learning engages students in thinking critically about health promotion strategies to address contemporary oral health challenges. These pedagogical approaches have developed student's understanding of the health promotion competencies required of a newly qualified dentist.Pedagogical approaches that engage dentistry students in experiential, cooperative and inquiry-based learning are important considerations for undergraduate teaching, to strengthen understanding of health promotion and to help shape student's attitude towards using these competencies in future dentistry practice.
Published: 2022

28. Impact of COVID-19 restrictions on pathology service utilisation

Author: Elizabeth E. Roughead, Marianne Gillam, Richard Ryan, John F. Beltrame, Peter D. O’Loughlin, Tom Dodd, Rosanna Tavella, Gillam, Marianne H, Roughead, Elizabeth, Tavella, Rosanna, Dodd, Tom, Beltrame, John, Ryan, Richard, and O'Loughlin, Peter
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Health outcomes, pathology services, COVID‐19, Health care, Internal Medicine, Medicine, Humans, Baseline (configuration management), Pandemics, Aged, Service (business), business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, troponin, Social distance, COVID-19, Original Articles, Cross-Sectional Studies, Baseline time, Communicable Disease Control, Pathology services, Community setting, Original Article, business
Abstract: Refereed/Peer-reviewed Background: Isolation and social distancing restrictions due to COVID-19 have the potential to impact access to healthcare services. Aims: To assess the use of pathology services during the COVID-19 pandemic initial restrictions. Methods: Repeated cross-sectional study of pathology tests utilisation during a baseline time period early in 2020 compared with pre-lockdown and lockdown due to COVID-19 in South Australia. The outcome measure was changed in a number of pathology tests compared to baseline period, particularly change in the number of troponin tests to determine potential impacts of lockdown on urgent care presentations. Results: In the community setting, the ratio of a number of pathology tests pre-lockdown and post-lockdown versus baseline period decreased from 1.02 to 0.53 respectively. The exception was microbiology molecular tests, where the number of tests was more than three times higher in the lockdown period. The number of troponin tests in emergency departments decreased in the lockdown period compared to the baseline time period; however, there was no evidence of an association between tests result (positive vs negative) and time period (odds ratio (OR) 1.09; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97–1.22). There was an inverse relationship between age and time period (OR 0.995; 95% CI 0.993–0.997), indicating that fewer troponin tests were conducted in older people during the lockdown compared with the baseline period. Conclusion: COVID-19 restrictions had a significant impact on the use of pathology testing in both urgent and non-urgent care settings. Further studies are needed to investigate the effect on health outcomes as a result of the COVID-19 restrictions.
Published: 2022

29. Higher adiposity and mental health: causal inference using Mendelian randomization

Author: Rachel M. Freathy, Jessica O'Loughlin, Saskia P. Hagenaars, Timothy M. Frayling, Jess Tyrrell, Robin N Beaumont, Edward R. Watkins, Susan Martin, Hanieh Yaghootkar, Francesco Casanova, and Andrew R. Wood
Subjects: AcademicSubjects/SCI01140, Male, obesity, procedure, body mass index, Biology, Body Mass Index, Genetics, medicine, Humans, genetics, Obesity, Risk factor, generalized anxiety disorder, Molecular Biology, Genetics (clinical), Depression (differential diagnoses), personal satisfaction, Adiposity, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Mental health, mendelian randomization analysis, Mental Health, Causal inference, biobanks, Anxiety, Female, General Article, medicine.symptom, depressive disorders, Psychosocial, mental health, Demography
Abstract: This research has been conducted using the UK Biobank resource under application number 9072. Copyright © The Author(s) 2021. Higher adiposity is an established risk factor for psychiatric diseases including depression and anxiety. The associations between adiposity and depression may be explained by the metabolic consequences and/or by the psychosocial impact of higher adiposity. We performed one-and two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) in up to 145 668 European participants from the UK Biobank to test for a causal effect of higher adiposity on 10 well-validated mental health and well-being outcomes derived using the Mental Health Questionnaire (MHQ). We used three sets of adiposity genetic instruments: (a) a set of 72 BMI genetic variants, (b) a set of 36 favourable adiposity variants and (c) a set of 38 unfavourable adiposity variants. We additionally tested causal relationships (1) in men and women separately, (2) in a subset of individuals not taking antidepressants and (3) in non-linear MR models. Two-sample MR provided evidence that a genetically determined one standard deviation (1-SD) higher BMI (4.6 kg/m2) was associated with higher odds of current depression [OR: 1.50, 95%CI: 1.15, 1.95] and lower well-being [ß:-0.15, 95%CI:-0.26,-0.04]. Findings were similar when using the metabolically favourable and unfavourable adiposity variants, with higher adiposity associated with higher odds of depression and lower well-being scores. Our study provides further evidence that higher BMI causes higher odds of depression and lowers well-being. Using genetics to separate out metabolic and psychosocial effects, our study suggests that in the absence of adverse metabolic effects higher adiposity remains causal to depression and lowers well-being. Academy of Medical Sciences (AMS) Springboard award, which is supported by the AMS, the Wellcome Trust, GCRF, the Government Department of Business, Energy and Industrial strategy, the British Heart Foundation and Diabetes UK (SBF004\1079 to J.O., F.C. and J.T.); Wellcome Senior Research Fellowship (WT220390 to R.M.F.). Diabetes UK RD Lawrence fellowship (17/0005594 to H.Y.).
Published: 2021

30. The Healthy Crew, Clean Vessel, and Set Departure Date Triad: Successful Control of Outbreaks of COVID-19 On Board Four Cargo Vessels

Author: Paul K Armstrong, Benjamin Scalley, Edmond O'Loughlin, Tudor A. Codreanu, and Nevada Pingault
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, vessels, MSM, Minimum Safe Manning, SARS-CoV-2, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2, Sanitation, EC, essential crew, education, 030106 microbiology, Attack rate, Cruise, Crew, Emergency Nursing, WHO, World Health Organization, Disease Outbreaks, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Intensive care, Quarantine, Humans, Operations management, 030212 general & internal medicine, Special Report, rRT-PCR, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Personal protective equipment, Ships, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2, SARS-CoV-2, CCTV, closed-circuit television, quarantine, COVID-19, Outbreak, Western Australia, Q, quarantine, COVID-19, Coronavirus Disease 2019, IPC, infection protection and control, Emergency Medicine, n-EC, non-essential crew, WA, Western Australia, Business, AUSMAT-WA, Australian Medical Assistance Team – Western Australia, PPE, personal protective equipment
Abstract: Background:A variety of infectious diseases can cause outbreaks on board vessels, with both health and economic effects. Internationally, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks have occurred on numerous cruise and cargo vessels and the containment measures, travel restrictions, and border closures continue to make it increasingly difficult for ship operators world-wide to be granted pratique, effect crew changes, and conduct trade. An effective outbreak management strategy is essential to achieve the outcome triad – healthy crew, clean vessel, and set departure date – while maintaining the safety of the on-shore workers and broader community and minimizing disruption to trade. This report describes the principles of COVID-19 outbreak responses on four cargo vessels, including the successful use of one vessel as a quarantine facility.Methods:Established principles of management and the experiences of COVID-19 outbreaks on cruise ships elsewhere informed a health-lead, multi-agency, strict 14-day quarantine (Q) regime based on: population density reduction on board; crew segregation; vessel cleaning and sanitation; infection risk zones, access, and control measures; health monitoring; case identification and management; food preparation and delivery; waste management control; communication; and welfare and security.Findings:Sixty-five crew were diagnosed with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (range 2-25; attack rate 10%-81%; 15 asymptomatic). No deaths were recorded, and only one crew was hospitalized for COVID-19-related symptoms but did not require intensive care support. Catering crew were among the cases on three vessels. All non-essential crew (n-EC) and most of the cases were disembarked. During the vessel’s Q period, no further cases were diagnosed on board, and no crew became symptomatic after completion of Q. The outbreak response duration was 15-17 days from initial decision.No serious health issues were reported, no response staff became infected, and only two Q protocol breaches occurred among crew.Interpretation:Despite increasing risk of outbreaks on cargo vessels, maritime trade and crew exchanges must continue. The potential consequences of COVID-19 outbreaks to human life and to trade necessitate a balanced response. The principles described can offer health, financial, operational, and safety advantages.
Published: 2021

31. The decline of hip fracture incidence rates over a 10-year period: A single centre experience

Author: Padhraig F. O'Loughlin, Stanly Varghese, James A. Harty, and Eoghan Meagher
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, 03 medical and health sciences, Age Distribution, 0302 clinical medicine, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, Sex Distribution, education, Retrospective Studies, General Environmental Science, Aged, 80 and over, 030222 orthopedics, Entire population, Hip fracture, education.field_of_study, Hip Fractures, business.industry, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, medicine.disease, Single centre, Orthopedic surgery, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Female, Observational study, business, Ireland, Demography
Abstract: Accurate epidemiological hip fracture data is essential for healthcare planning and targeted prevention strategies. Limited reports of hip fracture incidence rates in the Republic of Ireland (ROI) exist. The aim is to calculate the current age- and gender-specific incidence of hip fractures in a level 1 Trauma Centre in the ROI, and the difference in these rates over a 10 year period.This was a retrospective, population-based, observational study. The local Hospital In-Patient Enquiry (HIPE) database was used to generate data for analysis; capturing all patients admitted for hip fracture in three time periods over 10 years. Patients55 years old, pathological fractures, and periprosthetic fractures were excluded. Age- and gender-specific incidence rate was calculated using HIPE and national census data.Absolute number of hip fractures rose by 8.5% between 2008/09 (n = 800) and 2018/19 (n = 868) time periods. Cervical hip fractures dominated in all 3 time periods. The average age of patients remained at 80 years but length of stay for patients was reduced by 16% 5 years later and by 21% 10 years later from the initial study point. Both the entire and susceptible (55 years) population numbers increased by 13% and 30%, respectively, yet overall hip fracture incidence rate declined 10 years on. Hip fracture incidence rate in the entire population fell by 3.23 per 100,000 population, and by 65.11 per 100,000 population in the susceptible population. The majority of both male and female age groups exhibited declining annual incidence rates over the 10 year study period.Results are consistent with the global experience of declining overall incidence rate of hip fractures, despite rising susceptible population numbers. This report adds to the sparse hip fracture incidence data available in the ROI which can be applied in future healthcare planning strategies.
Published: 2021

32. Dexamethasone and Surgical-Site Infection

Author: Edmond O’Loughlin, Matthew T. V. Chan, Kate Leslie, Allen C. Cheng, Andrew Forbes, Catherine Martin, Leon A. Bach, Timothy G. Short, Pauline Coutts, Kwok M. Ho, Paul S. Myles, Tomas Corcoran, and David A Story
Subjects: Adult, Male, Adolescent, Nausea, Anesthesia, General, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Dexamethasone, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Double-Blind Method, Risk Factors, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Humans, Surgical Wound Infection, 030212 general & internal medicine, Glucocorticoids, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Intention-to-treat analysis, business.industry, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Intention to Treat Analysis, Clinical research, Surgical Procedures, Operative, Anesthesia, Vomiting, Antiemetics, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Glucocorticoid, Postoperative nausea and vomiting, medicine.drug
Abstract: The glucocorticoid dexamethasone prevents nausea and vomiting after surgery, but there is concern that it may increase the risk of surgical-site infection.In this pragmatic, international, noninferiority trial, we randomly assigned 8880 adult patients who were undergoing nonurgent, noncardiac surgery of at least 2 hours' duration, with a skin incision length longer than 5 cm and a postoperative overnight hospital stay, to receive 8 mg of intravenous dexamethasone or matching placebo while under anesthesia. Randomization was stratified according to diabetes status and trial center. The primary outcome was surgical-site infection within 30 days after surgery. The prespecified noninferiority margin was 2.0 percentage points.A total of 8725 participants were included in the modified intention-to-treat population (4372 in the dexamethasone group and 4353 in the placebo group), of whom 13.2% (576 in the dexamethasone group and 572 in the placebo group) had diabetes mellitus. Of the 8678 patients included in the primary analysis, surgical-site infection occurred in 8.1% (354 of 4350 patients) assigned to dexamethasone and in 9.1% (394 of 4328) assigned to placebo (risk difference adjusted for diabetes status, -0.9 percentage points; 95.6% confidence interval [CI], -2.1 to 0.3; P0.001 for noninferiority). The results for superficial, deep, and organ-space surgical-site infections and in patients with diabetes were similar to those of the primary analysis. Postoperative nausea and vomiting in the first 24 hours after surgery occurred in 42.2% of patients in the dexamethasone group and in 53.9% in the placebo group (risk ratio, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.82). Hyperglycemic events in patients without diabetes occurred in 22 of 3787 (0.6%) in the dexamethasone group and in 6 of 3776 (0.2%) in the placebo group.Dexamethasone was noninferior to placebo with respect to the incidence of surgical-site infection within 30 days after nonurgent, noncardiac surgery. (Funded by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council and others; PADDI Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number, ACTRN12614001226695.).
Published: 2021

33. Eighteen months of lessons and successes at the American Dental Association

Author: Kathleen T. O’Loughlin
Subjects: 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Family medicine, American Dental Association, Humans, Medicine, business, General Dentistry, United States
Published: 2021

34. Do the benefits continue? Long term impacts of the Anatomy Education Research Institute (AERI) 2017

Author: Polly R, Husmann, James J, Brokaw, and Valerie Dean, O'Loughlin
Subjects: Education, Medical, Academies and Institutes, Humans, Educational Status, Learning, Focus Groups
Abstract: The Anatomy Education Research Institute (AERI) was held in Bloomington, Indiana in July of 2017. Previous research has shown that AERI was successful in meeting Kirkpatrick's first two levels of evaluation via positive initial reactions and learning gains identified at the end of AERI. This manuscript demonstrates continued success in Kirkpatrick levels two and three via six-month and thirty-month follow-up surveys and nine-month follow-up focus groups and interviews.Quantitative analyses were completed using Microsoft Excel (2019) and SPSS version 26 while qualitative analyses were completed for both survey responses and focus groups/interviews using thematic analyses.Results demonstrate that the learning gains seen immediately post-AERI 2017 were sustained for all participants (accepted applicants and invited speakers). Qualitative results continued to demonstrate positive reactions to AERI 2017. Both quantitative and qualitative results demonstrated that the main obstacle to educational research for most participants is time, while collaboration, IRB, institutional roadblocks, and devaluing of educational research were also identified as obstacles.The research presented here indicates positive outcomes to Kirkpatrick Levels 1, 2,3 of evaluation following AERI 2017. However, substantial obstacles still exist for researchers in medical education. The need for a sustained community of practice for educational researchers was suggested as a potential buffer against these obstacles and multiple options for providing that community are discussed.
Published: 2022

35. Does group-based trajectory modeling estimate spurious trajectories?

Author: Miceline, Mésidor, Marie-Claude, Rousseau, Jennifer, O'Loughlin, and Marie-Pierre, Sylvestre
Subjects: Research Design, Epidemiology, Humans, Bayes Theorem, Health Informatics
Abstract: Background Group-based trajectory modelling (GBTM) is increasingly used to identify subgroups of individuals with similar patterns. In this paper, we use simulated and real-life data to illustrate that GBTM is susceptible to generating spurious findings in some circumstances. Methods Six plausible scenarios, two of which mimicked published analyses, were simulated. Models with 1 to 10 trajectory subgroups were estimated and the model that minimized the Bayes criterion was selected. For each scenario, we assessed whether the method identified the correct number of trajectories, the correct shapes of the trajectories, and the mean number of participants of each trajectory subgroup. The performance of the average posterior probabilities, relative entropy and mismatch criteria to assess classification adequacy were compared. Results Among the six scenarios, the correct number of trajectories was identified in two, the correct shapes in four and the mean number of participants of each trajectory subgroup in only one. Relative entropy and mismatch outperformed the average posterior probability in detecting spurious trajectories. Conclusion Researchers should be aware that GBTM can generate spurious findings, especially when the average posterior probability is used as the sole criterion to evaluate model fit. Several model adequacy criteria should be used to assess classification adequacy.
Published: 2022

36. Symptoms of depression and anxiety increased marginally from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic among young adults in Canada

Author: Marie-Pierre Sylvestre, Gillis D. Tchouangue Dinkou, Alexia Armasu, Annie Pelekanakis, Vickie Plourde, Mathieu Bélanger, Katerina Maximova, Brett D. Thombs, and Jennifer O’Loughlin
Subjects: Adult, Young Adult, Multidisciplinary, Depression, Child, Preschool, COVID-19, Humans, Anxiety, Child, Anxiety Disorders, Pandemics
Abstract: We documented changes in depressive and anxiety symptoms from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic among young adults and investigated whether changes differed across participant characteristics. Data were available in an investigation of 1294 grade 7 students recruited in 1999–2000. For this analysis, we used data collected pre-pandemically in 2017–20 (mean (SD) age = 30.6 (1.0)) and during the pandemic in 2020–21 (mean (SD) age = 33.6 (0.6)). 673 participants with data in both cycles were retained for analysis. Symptoms were measured using the Major Depression Inventory (MDI) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale. Standardized mean differences (SMD) of changes in MDI and GAD-7 values between cycles were calculated across participant characteristics. On average, MDI scores increased by 2.1 (95%CI 1.4, 2.8) points during the pandemic from mean 10.5; GAD-7 scores increased by 1.2 (0.8, 1.5) points from mean 4.7. The SMD was 0.24 (0.14, 0.33) for MDI, and 0.24 (0.13, 0.34) for GAD-7. No differences in MDI change scores were observed across participant characteristics. Differences in GAD-7 change scores were observed by mood/anxiety disorder (SMD − 0.31 (− 0.58, − 0.05)), household income (0.24 (0.02, 48)), living with young children (− 0.56 (− 1.23,− 0.05)), and adherence to public health recommendations 0.58 (0.19, 1.03)). Increases in depressive and anxiety symptoms were observed 10–16 months into the COVID-19 pandemic among adults age 32–36.
Published: 2022

37. Choosing Wisely: the lack of validity of ultrasound scans in the investigation of shoulder instability

Author: Callum, Oorschot, Khalid, Mohammed, Michael, Austen, Emma, O'Loughlin, and Joanna, Spillane
Subjects: Adult, Joint Instability, Rotator Cuff, Shoulder, Shoulder Joint, Humans, New Zealand, Retrospective Studies, Rotator Cuff Injuries
Abstract: To test the clinical validity and financial implications of the proposed Choosing Wisely statement: "Using ultrasound as a screening test for shoulder instability is inappropriate in people under 30 years of age, unless there is clinical suspicion of a rotator cuff tear."A retrospective chart review from a specialist shoulder surgeon's practice over a two-year period recorded 124 patients under the age of 30 referred with shoulder instability. Of these, forty-one had already had ultrasound scans performed prior to specialist review. The scan results and patient files were reviewed to determine the reported findings on the scans and whether these findings were clinically relevant to diagnosis and decision-making. Comparison was made with subsequent MRI scan results. The data, obtained from the Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC), recorded the number of cases and costs incurred for ultrasound scans of the shoulder in patients under 30 years old over a 10-year period.There were no cases where the ultrasound scan was considered useful in decision-making. No patient had a full thickness rotator cuff tear. Thirty-nine of the 41 patients subsequently had MRI scans. The cost to the ACC for funding ultrasound scans in patients under 30 has increased over the last decade and exceeded one million dollars in the 2020/2021 financial year. In addition, patients pay a surcharge for this test.The proposed Choosing Wisely statement is valid. This evidence supports that ultrasound is an unnecessary investigation for patients with shoulder instability unless there is clinical suspicion of a rotator cuff tear. Ultrasound also incurs costs to the insurer (ACC) and the patient. We recommend x-rays and, if further imaging is indicated, High Tech Imaging with MRI and sometimes CT scans in these patients.
Published: 2022

38. Cannula cricothyroidotomy in the impalpable neck: An observational study of simulated 'can't intubate, can't oxygenate' scenarios by teams following a cannula-first algorithm in live anaesthetised pigs

Author: Alexander S Wycherley, Edward M Debenham, Edmond O’Loughlin, James R Anderson, Faraz R Syed, and Anthea L Raisis
Subjects: Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Swine, Intubation, Intratracheal, Animals, Cannula, Humans, Prospective Studies, Airway Management, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Algorithms, Catheterization
Abstract: Live animal models can be used to train anaesthetists to perform emergency front-of-neck-access. Cannula cricothyroidotomy success reported in previous wet lab studies contradicts human clinical data. This prospective, observational study reports success of a cannula-first ‘can't intubate, can't oxygenate’ algorithm for impalpable anatomy during high fidelity team simulations using live, anaesthetised pigs. Forty-two trained anaesthesia teams were instructed to follow the Royal Perth Hospital can't intubate, can't oxygenate algorithm to re-oxygenate a desaturating pig with impalpable neck anatomy (mean (standard deviation, SD) 16.2 (3.5) kg); mean (SD) tracheal internal diameter 11 (1.4) mm. Teams were informed that failure would prompt veterinary-led euthanasia. All teams performed percutaneous cannula cricothyroidotomy as the initial technique, with a median (interquartile range, IQR (range)) start time of 42 (35–50 (24–93)) s. First-pass percutaneous cannula success was 29% to both insufflate tracheal oxygen and re-oxygenate. Insufflation success improved with repeated percutaneous attempts (up to three), but prolonged hypoxia time increasingly necessitated euthanasia (insufflation 57%; re-oxygenation 48%). First, second and third percutaneous attempts achieved insufflation at median (IQR (range)) 74 (64–91 (46–110)) s, 111 (95–136 (79–150)) s and 141 (127–159 (122–179)) s, respectively. Eighteen teams failed with percutaneous cannulae and performed scalpel techniques, predominantly dissection cannulation ( n = 17) which achieved insufflation in all cases (insufflation 100%; re-oxygenation 47%). Scalpel attempts were started at median (IQR (range)) 142 (133–218 (97–293)) s and achieved insufflation at 232 (205–303 (152–344)) s. While percutaneous cannula cricothyroidotomy could rapidly re-oxygenate, the success rate was low and teams repeated attempts beyond the recommended 60 s time frame, delaying transition to the more successful dissection cannula technique. We recommend this ‘cannula-first’ can't intubate, can't oxygenate algorithm adopts a ‘single best effort’ strategy for percutaneous cannula, with failure prompting a scalpel technique.
Published: 2022

39. J Adolesc Health

Author: François Alla, Semanur Cengelli, Amandine Vallata, Jennifer O'Loughlin, Bordeaux population health (BPH), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Gerontology, Adolescent, Web of science, medicine.medical_treatment, Smoking Prevention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Intervention (counseling), Humans, Medicine, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, 10. No inequality, Tobacco Use Cessation, 030505 public health, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Health related, Tobacco Products, 3. Good health, Cigarette smoking cessation, Psychiatry and Mental health, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Cohort, Smoking cessation, Smoking Cessation, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 0305 other medical science, business, Psychosocial, Cohort study
Abstract: Purpose To update a systematic review published in 2012 that identified predictors of cigarette smoking cessation among adolescents. Methods The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant articles published between September 2010 and January 2018, using the following keywords: smoking OR tobacco OR cessation; quit OR stop; longitudinal OR prospective OR cohort. Our search identified 3,399 articles. Inclusion criteria included longitudinal studies (intervention and cohort studies) evaluating cigarette smoking cessation in young people (aged 10–24 years). After screening, in total, 34 articles were included in the review. Results In total, 63 predictors of smoking cessation among adolescents were identified, with 36 new predictors that were not identified in the previous review: nine sociodemographic factors, 13 psychosocial factors, five behavioral factors, 19 social influences factors, eight smoking related variables, six environmental factors, 2 health related variables, and one genetic factor. Conclusions To increase the probability of successful smoking cessation, strategies targeting young smokers should consider both individual and environmental predictors of cessation.
Published: 2021

40. Depressive Symptoms and Cigarette Smoking in Adolescents and Young Adults: Mediating Role of Friends Smoking

Author: Jennifer O'Loughlin, Marie-Pierre Sylvestre, Marine Maurel, Christian W Mendo, and Isabelle Doré
Subjects: Adult, Longitudinal study, Mediation (statistics), Adolescent, Psychological intervention, Original Investigations, Friends, Cigarette Smoking, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cigarette smoking, Humans, Medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Longitudinal Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, Child, Depression, business.industry, Smoking, 05 social sciences, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Social environment, Odds ratio, Confidence interval, business, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Clinical psychology
Abstract: Introduction We examined the mediating role of friends smoking in the association between depressive symptoms and daily/weekly cigarette smoking from adolescence into adulthood. Methods Data were drawn from the Nicotine Dependence In Teens study (NDIT, Canada) and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, UK) studies. Three age groups were investigated in NDIT: age 13–14 (n = 1189), 15–16 (n = 1107), and 17–18 (n = 1075), and one in ALSPAC (n = 4482, age 18–21). Multivariable mediation models decomposed the total effect (TE) of depressive symptoms on smoking into a natural direct effect (NDE) and natural indirect effect (NIE) through friends smoking. Results The odds ratios (ORs) for the TE were relatively constant over time with estimates ranging from 1.12 to 1.35. Friends smoking mediated the association between depressive symptoms and smoking in the two youngest samples (OR [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09 [1.01,1.17] in 13- to 14-year-olds; 1.10 [1.03,1.18] in 15- to 16-year-olds). In the two older samples, NDE of depressive symptoms was close to the TE, suggestive that mediation was absent or too small to detect. Conclusion Friends smoking mediates the association between depressive symptoms and daily/weekly cigarette smoking in young adolescents. Implications If young adolescents use cigarettes to self-medicate depressive symptoms, then interventions targeting smoking that ignore depressive symptoms may be ineffective. Our results also underscore the importance of the influence of friends in younger adolescents, suggestive that preventive intervention should target the social environment, including social relationships.
Published: 2021

41. Selecting an anti-malarial clinical candidate from two potent dihydroisoquinolones

Author: Kathleen O’Loughlin, Yizhe Chen, Lei Yang, Fangyi Zhu, Jared T. Hammill, Karen L. White, Gloria Holbrook, David M. Shackleford, Susan A. Charman, Jon C. Mirsalis, R. Kiplin Guy, and Burgess B. Freeman
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, In vitro and in vivo metabolism, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Bioavailability, Physicochemical properties, lcsh:RC955-962, Biological Availability, Pharmacology, Dose proportional exposure, Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Antimalarials, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Therapeutic index, Dogs, Pharmacokinetics, Animals, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, 030212 general & internal medicine, biology, Chemistry, Research, Cytochrome P450, Isoquinolines, Blood proteins, In vitro, Rats, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Toxicity, biology.protein, Microsome, Hepatocytes, Microsomes, Liver, Parasitology, Candidate selection
Abstract: Background The ongoing global malaria eradication campaign requires development of potent, safe, and cost-effective drugs lacking cross-resistance with existing chemotherapies. One critical step in drug development is selecting a suitable clinical candidate from late leads. The process used to select the clinical candidate SJ733 from two potent dihydroisoquinolone (DHIQ) late leads, SJ733 and SJ311, based on their physicochemical, pharmacokinetic (PK), and toxicity profiles is described. Methods The compounds were tested to define their physicochemical properties including kinetic and thermodynamic solubility, partition coefficient, permeability, ionization constant, and binding to plasma proteins. Metabolic stability was assessed in both microsomes and hepatocytes derived from mice, rats, dogs, and humans. Cytochrome P450 inhibition was assessed using recombinant human cytochrome enzymes. The pharmacokinetic profiles of single intravenous or oral doses were investigated in mice, rats, and dogs. Results Although both compounds displayed similar physicochemical properties, SJ733 was more permeable but metabolically less stable than SJ311 in vitro. Single dose PK studies of SJ733 in mice, rats, and dogs demonstrated appreciable oral bioavailability (60–100%), whereas SJ311 had lower oral bioavailability (mice 23%, rats 40%) and higher renal clearance (10–30 fold higher than SJ733 in rats and dogs), suggesting less favorable exposure in humans. SJ311 also displayed a narrower range of dose-proportional exposure, with plasma exposure flattening at doses above 200 mg/kg. Conclusion SJ733 was chosen as the candidate based on a more favorable dose proportionality of exposure and stronger expectation of the ability to justify a strong therapeutic index to regulators.
Published: 2021

42. Genetic variation in fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH): Associations with early drinking and smoking behaviors

Author: Alaa, Alsaafin, Meghan J, Chenoweth, Marie-Pierre, Sylvestre, Jennifer, O'Loughlin, and Rachel F, Tyndale
Subjects: Young Adult, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Adolescent, Ethanol, Smoking, Humans, Genetic Variation, Medicine (miscellaneous), Toxicology, Amidohydrolases, Binge Drinking
Abstract: The endocannabinoid system is implicated in psychiatric disorders and drug dependence. Within this system, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) metabolizes endocannabinoids. Individuals with A-group genotypes (C/A or A/A) of a common FAAH variant (rs324420; C A; Pro129Thr) have slower enzymatic activity compared to C-group individuals (C/C genotype). Slow FAAH activity is differentially associated with alcohol and nicotine use.Among European-ancestry participants in the NDIT study (n = 249-607), genotype associations with past-year binge drinking in young adults were estimated in logistic regression models. In adolescents, hazard ratios (HR) were estimated from Cox proportional hazards models to assess the FAAH genotype group association with time to drinking initiation and attaining drinking frequency outcomes. HR were also used to assess genotype effect on time to smoking initiation and attaining early smoking milestones (e.g., first inhalation, ICD-10 dependence).Compared to those in the C-group, those in the A-group had higher odds of binge drinking at ages 20 (Odds ratio (OR) = 2.16, 95 % CI 1.36-3.42) and 30 (OR = 1.61, 95 % CI 1.10-2.36). Time to initiation of drinking and daily drinking was faster in adolescents in the A-group (HR = 1.39, 95 % CI 1.09-1.77 and HR = 2.24, 95 % CI 1.05-4.76, respectively). Time to smoking initiation was faster in the A-group (HR = 1.20, 95 % CI 1.04-1.39); however, time to smoking milestones among adolescent smokers was not consistently different for the A- versus C-groups (HR = 0.43 to 1.13).Slow FAAH activity (A-group) was associated with greater risks for binge drinking, drinking initiation and escalation, and cigarette smoking initiation, but had little impact on the escalation in cigarette smoking behaviors.
Published: 2023

43. The Natural History of a Pygmy Rattlesnake Bite

Author: Kevin O'Loughlin and Nathan Kostick
Subjects: Natural history, Antivenins, business.industry, Crotalid Venoms, Crotalus, Emergency Medicine, Animals, Humans, Snake Bites, Medicine, Ethnology, business, Crotalinae
Published: 2021

44. Tobacco smoking prevention and control in Canada: where do we go from here?

Author: Thierry Gagné and Jennifer O'Loughlin
Subjects: Canada, Medicine (General), Epidemiology, business.industry, Health Policy, Smoking prevention, Smoking, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, MEDLINE, Smoking Prevention, Article, R5-920, Environmental health, Tobacco, Humans, Medicine, business
Published: 2021

45. ACT with CF: A telehealth and in-person feasibility study to address anxiety and depressive symptoms among people with cystic fibrosis

Author: Caitlin M. O'Loughlin, Patrick Smith, C. Virginia O'Hayer, Michael J. Stephen, and Chelsi N. Nurse
Subjects: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Cystic Fibrosis, Anxiety, Acceptance and commitment therapy, law.invention, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, FEV1/FVC ratio, 0302 clinical medicine, Quality of life, Randomized controlled trial, law, Humans, Medicine, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Depression (differential diagnoses), Depression, business.industry, Middle Aged, Telemedicine, Distress, 030104 developmental biology, 030228 respiratory system, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Physical therapy, Feasibility Studies, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Psychosocial
Abstract: Background Anxiety and depressive symptoms are common among individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) and are associated with decreased lung function [3] , quality of life [4] , and treatment adherence [2] . However, CF-specific targeted psychotherapeutic interventions are lacking. This study examined whether Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) [7] , delivered via telehealth, would address this need and improve clinical symptoms. Telehealth is ideal for CF patients, given exposure precautions and frequent hospitalization. ACT emphasizes acceptance, thereby reducing avoidance of anxiety and depressive symptoms associated with CF. It was hypothesized that our ACT with CF protocol [11] would also improve lung function among people with CF. Methods Participants were 28 adults with CF and elevated clinical symptoms who completed 6 ACT with CF sessions. They completed measures of depression, anxiety, and cognitive fusion at baseline, post-intervention, and at a 3-month follow-up. Lung function was calculated 3 months pre- and 3 months post-treatment. Results The majority of participants selected treatment via telehealth (n = 22; 79%). 96% of participants (n=27) completed all 6 sessions, with 93% (n=26) voicing a strong desire to continue treatment with ACT. 79% of the sample (n=22) indicated, after just 1 session of ACT with CF, that treatment seemed logical and feeling confident that it would reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression. ACT with CF was associated with a statistically significant reduction in a composite score of psychological distress from pre to post treatment, corresponding to a large standardized effect size, that was not sustained at 3 months. Telehealth-delivered ACT with CF was as effective as in-person. Reductions in cognitive fusion were strongly related to improvements in psychosocial functioning. This is particularly promising as it reflects the proposed mechanism of action of ACT. ACT with CF was also associated with increased FEV1/FVC ratio at post-treatment follow-up. Conclusions ACT with CF delivered via telehealth or in-person is a feasible and potentially effective treatment for improving anxiety and depressive symptoms, and increasing psychological flexibility via reductions in cognitive fusion. Due to the effect size associated with reduction in psychosocial distress, we are cautiously optimistic that ACT with CF will prove an effective treatment. Larger randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the observed findings and further delineate the potential effects of ACT with CF on clinical outcomes among individuals with CF.
Published: 2021

46. Predicting bacteraemia in maternity patients using full blood count parameters: A supervised machine learning algorithm approach

Author: Richard J. Drew, Brian Cleary, Ciaran Mooney, John O'Loughlin, Maeve Eogan, Fionnuala Ní Áinle, and Joeseph J Gallagher
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Clinical Biochemistry, Blood count, Bacteremia, Diagnostic accuracy, Recursive partitioning, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, In patient, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Retrospective Studies, Hematology, business.industry, Postpartum Period, Biochemistry (medical), Infant, Newborn, General Medicine, bacterial infections and mycoses, medicine.disease, Predictive value, Blood Cell Count, Positive blood culture, Female, Artificial intelligence, business, computer, 030215 immunology
Abstract: Introduction Bacteraemia in pregnancy and the post-partum period can lead to maternal and newborn morbidly. The purpose of this study was to use machine learning tools to identify if bacteraemia in pregnant or post-partum women could be predicted by full blood count (FBC) parameters other than the white cell count. Methods The study was performed on 129 women with a positive blood culture (BC) for a clinically significant organism, who had a FBC taken at the same time. They were matched with controls who had a negative BC taken at the same time as a FBC. The data were split in to a training (70%) and test (30%) data set. Machine learning techniques such as recursive partitioning and classification and regression trees were used. Results A neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) of >20 was found to be the most clinically relevant and interpretable construct of the FBC result to predict bacteraemia. The diagnostic accuracy of NLR >20 to predict bacteraemia was then examined. Thirty-six of the 129 bacteraemia patients had a NLR >20, while only 223 of the 3830 controls had a NLR >20. This gave a sensitivity of 27.9% (95% CI 20.3-36.4), specificity of 94.1% (93.3-94.8), positive predictive value of 13.9% (10.6-17.9) and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 97.4% (97.2-97.7) when the prevalence of bacteraemia was 3%. Conclusion The NLR should be considered for use in routine clinical practice when assessing the FBC result in patients with suspected bacteraemia during pregnancy or in the post-partum period.
Published: 2020

47. History of paediatric gastroenterology in Australia

Author: Donald J. S. Cameron and Edward V. O'Loughlin
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, education, Australia, Gastroenterology, Specialty, humanities, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Paediatric gastroenterology, 030225 pediatrics, Family medicine, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, business, health care economics and organizations
Abstract: Paediatric gastroenterology in Australia has undergone remarkable changes over the more than six decades since Charlotte Anderson's pioneering work, and is now a well-established specialty in its own right. Australian paediatric gastroenterologists have made important contributions nationally and internationally.
Published: 2020

48. Compatibility of intravenous acetaminophen with morphine, fentanyl and ketamine in acute pediatric pain setting

Author: Matthew Chan, Angela Cheaib, Robin Williams, Edmond O'Loughlin, and Yan Ghee Peng
Subjects: Analgesics, Opioid, Fentanyl, Pain, Postoperative, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Double-Blind Method, Morphine, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Humans, Ketamine, Child, Acute Pain, Acetaminophen, Pain Measurement
Abstract: Intravenous acetaminophen and opioid analgesics are routinely given concurrently to children after major surgery, where intravenous access can be limited. There is limited information about the compatibility of acetaminophen with opioid analgesics and ketamine in concentrations commonly used in pediatric setting.We aimed to determine the physical and chemical compatibility in mixtures of intravenous acetaminophen 10 mg/mL with morphine (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 1, and 2 mg/ml), fentanyl (0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, and 5 mcg/ml) and ketamine (0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 3 mg/ml).Acetaminophen was mixed with all 18 solutions and was examined at time 0, 15, 30, and 60 min. In Phase one of the study, we used a colorimetric method to assess preliminary feasibility and acetaminophen recovery. In Phase two study, we used high-performance liquid chromatography to evaluate the recovery of all components of the mixtures.All solutions tested, for both acetaminophen and the three analgesics, had more than 90% of the drug recovery, up to 60 min after mixing.Our data demonstrated the stability of acetaminophen, in combination with fentanyl, morphine, and ketamine at clinical concentrations used in acute pediatric pain setting.
Published: 2022

49. Identifying priorities for sport and physical activity research in Canada: an iterative priority-setting study

Author: Mathieu Bélanger, Julie Goguen Carpenter, Catherine M. Sabiston, Leigh M. Vanderloo, Carolyn Trono, François Gallant, Véronique Thibault, Isabelle Doré, and Jennifer O’Loughlin
Subjects: Canada, Biomedical Research, Health Priorities, Humans, General Medicine, Exercise, Research Personnel
Abstract: There is a need for better alignment between research on sport and physical activity and the needs of those who are in a position to implement the findings. To facilitate advancement and alignment, we identified the top research priorities of sport and physical activity knowledge users from various sectors.For this priority-setting study, we used an iterative process of data collection and analysis. Sport and physical activity knowledge users from multiple sectors participated in a workshop (September 2019), which included small working group exercises followed by large-group syntheses leading to the identification of issues that required better understanding. We then sent an online questionnaire to participants for content validation and interim prioritization, to reduce the number of priorities (December 2019 to January 2020). A new questionnaire containing a shortened list of research priorities was sent to an expanded group of respondents to further streamline the list of priorities (January-March 2020).The 24 workshop participants identified 68 issues, of which 21 were retained by the 18 participants in the interim priority-setting questionnaire. The final prioritization questionnaire was completed by 33 stakeholder groups; this step produced a final list of 8 top research priorities. The final priorities identified for sport and physical activity research related to financial support, suboptimal promotion, dropout, best interventions, participation among Indigenous populations, volunteer engagement, safe and inclusive experiences, and knowledge exchange.The 8 priorities identified in this study provide guidance to Canadian sport and physical activity researchers. Research efforts on these priorities will reflect pressing issues as identified by representatives of all sport and physical activity sectors.
Published: 2022

50. Body mass index and complications following major gastrointestinal surgery

Author: Blanco-Colino R, Lee S, Kamarajah SK, Vasko P, Kuiper SZ, Farina V, Chapman SJ, Drake TM, Gavagna L, Pasquali S, Pata F, Pellino G, de la Rosa-Estadella M, Stellingwerf ME, Stijns RCH, Borrellas A, Golding D, Ngaage M, Van Tol RR, de Groof J, de Wilt H, Bemelman WA, McNamee L, Espin-Basany E, Emre Baki B, Gecim IE, Can Tatar O, Bach S, Bhangu A, Bresges K, Burke J, Claireaux HA, Fearnhead N, Fitzgerald JE, Gallagher S, Glasbey JC, Gundogan B, Harrison EM, Hernon J, Khatri C, Kong CY, Lyons A, Mohan M, Morton D, Pinkney TD, Arezzo A, Foppa C, Morino M, Rubbini M, Selvaggi F, Sensi B, Sica G, Orhalmi J, Naccari P, Sgrò A, Burger BHCM, Fares DA, Spijkerman R, van Elst TR, Wiersema R, Stassen LPS, Rodriguez Garcia R, Özkan BB, Tavuz AI, Demirci ZS, Baki BE, Choi PJ, O'Sullivan H, Salman M, Simioni A, Colombo F, Turati L, Cazzola FE, Gallo G, Perrotta G, Papandrea M, Naccari PM, Menduni N, Rossi E, Chetta N, Romeo F, Giordano F, Randisi B, Curletti G, Kuiper J, Costa A, Marcos Rodrigo A, Sanchez A, Varo Muñoz A, Martinez Rios CE, Aliseda-Jover D, Fernandez Nieto D, Alvarez Reyes I, Dominguez Rodriguez LM, Hernandez Ros MI, Esteban Sinovas O, Bartrina Soler P, Villarejo Campos P, Laguna Román S, Fontanet-Soler S, Raurich-Leandro J, Dominguez-Prieto V, Segura-Sampedro JJ, Alconchel-Gago F, Salazar-García C, Gezen AE, Sahin A, Atasoy H, Yuksek B, Arslan E, Ozmen BB, Sen AY, Erol HI, Ucar E, Aktas MK, Yurdaor SS, Mermer S, Seyhan U, Tosun V, Gunaydin Y, Ekinci ZB, Yazkan Z, Choi J, Yeoh TSL, Jones CS, Venturini S, Saat MI, Loo J, Pike G, Davies SC, Kabariti R, Olivier J, Hurný M, Žebrák R, Machačová A, Schulzová M, Smolák P, Široká M, Palyzová H, Jaroš J, Dušek T, Šimáčková B, Bartoš M, Sotona O, Pös M, Karásek D, Higgins P, Hacking S, Arora E, Coughlan G, Palanivail N, Quill S, Zhang AA, Malak M, Maan DS, Cheema J, Goh AWJ, Shamsul Badrin AK, Guinness F, Howard James N, Neary A, Sebaoui S, Gilroy D, Petrov G, Craven K, MacDonald A, Redmond A, Brennan D, Roche D, O'Dwyer M, Collins P, Edwards S, Doyle J, Tiedt L, Arthurs B, O'Byrne L, Kiely A, Glynn M, Sproule L, Heaney A, Li Hi Shing S, Goh W, Al-Nasser Z, Al-Nasser A, Teh JW, De Boni D, Goldin E, Ciccioli E, Vendramin E, Marchese N, Bruno M, Vinci A, Harder G, Morandi V, Magnoli M, Suppa A, Palmieri A, Martorana M, Sette M, Balagna P, Cruciani C, Corte M, Ciano P, Bagaglini G, Montuori M, Di Benedetto L, Arcudi C, Pezzuto R, Saraceno F, Milana F, Franceschilli M, Rizzi A, Sampietro G, Rampulla V, Bianco F, Boschetti ME, Ghignone F, Bianchini S, Esposto R, Riva L, Riva M, Cannavò M, Arrigo A, Giavarini L, Colombo EM, Trompetto M, Clerico G, Catalano M, Dosa T, El Mabruk M, Barone V, Pallara E, Pasqualoni M, Caudullo G, Mastandrea Bonaviri GN, Muro M, Pistola I, Verardi L, Ferrara D, Gerardi S, Remore LM, Belia F, Del Coco F, Larotonda C, Botrugno EM, Cammarota A, Di Girolami L, Laterza V, Laurino A, Paolo G, Santocchi P, Puccioni C, Truma A, Giardino FR, Giuffrida A, Ripa M, Cautiero R, Patturelli M, Capozzolo A, Selvaggi L, Facchiano A, Milazzo LF, Papazachariou SK, Pattapola V, Anania G, Feo C, Bellinato M, Priani P, Zigiotto D, Troia A, Vable T, Piran G, Targa S, Pulpito S, Tagariello F, Fasano A, Anconelli D, Castiglione F, Tognolo L, Lopez G, Campion A, Tarantino M, Sacco R, Sammarco G, Palmisano S, Giacca M, Rocco I, Bellio G, Favero A, Raimondi P, Pantalone MR, De Nardi P, Notarnicola M, Picciariello A, Licari L, Parinisi Z, Fazzotta S, Ciciliot M, Reggiani L, Mariani F, Aonzo P, Checcacci P, Montanelli P, Guerra F, Skalamera I, Staderini F, Grandi S, Nelli T, de Boer DV, van der Pool AEM, Janssen TL, El-Atmani S, van Verschuer VMT, Poelman M, Dronkers WJ, van Steensel L, Toorenvliet BR, Duinhouwer LE, Vermaas M, Ter Bruggen FFJA, Hogendoorn W, van der Harst E, van Rijckevorsel VAJIM, Bayoumy AB, Lap CR, Gooszen JAH, Abdulrahman N, de Roy van Zuidewijn D, de Groof EJ, Zijlmans JL, van Dalen ASHM, Bos K, Musters GD, Looijen RC, Fliers JM, Oostendorp SE, Mosterd CM, Blonk L, Jurgens J, Ribbink ME, Boom MS, Boersma AM, Hidding E, Schmidt PA, Mensink G, Graus SA, Gastel MDA, Veenker CGH, Van Heumen TM, Slieker FJB, Sedee WJA, Löwensteyn YN, Amelung FJ, de Guerre LEVM, Nota CLMA, Van Dijck WPM, van Wijnbergen JWM, Pronk A, Kip M, van der Zee C, Heiloo S, Muller S, Verboeket B, Oudman TS, Zope S, Gilissen V, Gommers J, Cremers D, Van der Lubbe M, Smet M, Ter Weele K, de Bruin M, Geerlings M, Ter Horst L, Kerimova N, Pesser N, Heesakkers H, de Mees T, de Gooyer JM, Willems L, Gawria L, Bonouvrie D, Harms J, Eggen Y, Hengeveld E, Smeets HJ, Hoffman RPC, Detmers Blom FPN, Van Bruggen D, Steup WH, Gooiker GA, Willems YR, van der Hoeven AC, Vallve-Bernal M, Perez-Gandara B, Perez JL, Caballero Rodriguez E, Perez Febles M, Protti Ruiz GP, Hidalgo Pujol M, Alberti Delgado P, Gil Barrionuevo E, Anabitarte O, Caballero L, Poyato Nuñez FJ, Prado Perez R, de la Portilla de Juan F, Fulgencio Barbarin J, Elorza Echaniz G, Mitxelena Elosegi L, Delgado AT, Marti Gelonch L, Gonzalez Arribas M, De Serra Tejada I, Alberdi San Roman I, de Andres Olabarria U, Fernández-Domper L, Perez Costoya C, Perez Arias H, Fa Binefa M, Becerra Nieves M, Escalona Canal MG, Aldrey I, Vazquez-Gonzalez I, Falcon Cazas A, Amarelo Garcia M, Gonzalez Ruiz AA, Garcia Garrido M, Simon Frapolli V, Martinez Diaz JM, De la Torre Conde C, Rodrigues Silva K, Hernandez Kakauridze S, Lopez Garcia MC, Flores Funes D, Gómez-López de San Román C, San Martín Bragado M, Tejero Pintor FJ, Pando Ruiz B, Sánchez Estébanez E, Roquet Puigneró E, Pla Seró S, Vela Polanco FF, Mirallas Viñas O, Caro Gonzalez MP, Bertelli Puche JL, Gonzalez-Martinez A, Sanchez Cambronero M, Garcia Torres A, Dominguez Jimenez M, de Jesus Rodriguez Perdomo M, Echazarreta-Gallego E, Sánchez-Blasco L, Del Mar López-Cuevas M, Latras-Cortés I, López-Vendrell L, Díaz Padillo A, Mestres Petit N, Cruz Reyes JA, Fernandez C, Posada M, Moratilla Lapeña L, Martin Morales E, Mate-Mate P, Garcia Cruz G, Gorini L, Rubio-Perez I, Soldevila-Verdeguer C, Jiménez-Viñas C, Luehrman A, Sena-Ruiz F, Garcia-Perez JM, Plomer-Sanchez M, Pujol-Cano N, Jimenez-Segovia M, Diaz-Jover P, Pineño-Flores C, Ambrona-Zafra D, Gonzalez-Argente XF, Jiménez-Morillas P, López-Mármol R, Durán-Martínez M, González-Crespo A, Checa Guillen M, Valderrama Pérez A, Claramonte Bellmunt O, Martí Fernández RM, Kasap S, Soylemez ZOBB, Bolat AB, Aydar SEYI, Birgin BZ, Coskun O, Cakir SG, Belibagli ZO, Herken M, Erdem S, Kayacan S, Kelesoglu Y, Moran D, Atalay H, Kucukdiler E, Demirci A, Buyukkasap C, Kuzey A, Emral C, Dogan H, Cok H, Durmaz H, Asma A, Ergul B, Kaya A, Bilicen G, Gunay M, Senturk E, Baskoy L, Besısık HM, Topalan K, Piraliyev E, Danalıoglu AN, Ilbak A, Yıgman S, Kara C, Guzel M, Inci ET, Onsal U, Erel T, Cetin SK, Yekenkurul E, Kasar P, Saglam ZA, Gursoy F, Cetinkaya M, Aktekin H, Bober DN, Mugurtay YS, Koksal G, Celik S, Bektur G, Yildirim R, Ankarali T, Güven H, Yuksel A, Semiz A, Cise S, Tomas K, Ulusahin M, Akbulut F, Tulum H, Bodur S, Isler VC, Pektas AM, Mutlu D, Mericliler M, Tansoker I, Polat ZP, Seyrek N, Beyatli S, Toto OF, Cakaloglu HC, Sapci I, Akpunarli B, Adiyaman C, Kobal BB, Gok Z, Benli S, Turpan M, Kocapinar S, Parimli H, Acar S, Eger M, Yilmaz I, Cengiz U, Yoruk I, Mutlu B, Ulkucu A, Arukan C, Kara B, Gokce K, Calisgan B, Demirci K, Elkatroushi T, Ayaz B, Uzun B, Sivrikaya T, Goksoy B, Eroz E, Celik B, Canbay Torun B, Ekin B, Senay BB, Temiz C, Yilmaz M, Yasar C, Cakir E, Subasi A, Celik K, Aksoy K, Karabulut E, Altintas O, Bali AN, Ciftci E, Babaoglu H, Aljbour A, Aljbour I, Akcaoglu T, Kakil E, Taskin O, Taskin RB, Topal U, Huzmeli E, Caliskan T, Unal AG, Yurekli AM, Sari V, Tutam DN, Celen D, Posteki G, Demirtas B, Yildiz S, Kilic E, Yalcin Y, Kurt A, Gozubuyuk Y, Huseynova S, Cinar S, Calar SN, Kurklu O, Binbuga M, Ceylan C, Yavuz G, Alim YE, Yildirim N, Yilmaz S, Onar D, Aray E, Ozsipahi AC, Koc GE, Yetiskin E, Kocer MD, Ozgencil B, Bahcecioglu B, Hacioglu AD, Bilici O, Cin S, Uzunoglu EC, Cumen EC, Aslan L, Erozgur B, Yildiz SS, Zengin T, Kullac S, Mizan SR, Baykan B, Kopac O, Karabacak U, Aytekin A, Deliktas TS, Buyukkarabacak Y, Uzun O, Karahan B, Turkmen M, Akdogan A, Uctepe F, Bandirmali O, Erdogan P, Demir F, Bozkurt GK, Yilmaz T, Sheikh IMI, Orhan K, Balci B, Keyif MF, Bilgin S, Cantimer E, Yaman S, Akkaya E, Atesavci SN, Arslan U, Asik M, Koksal S, Murtaza MI, Mustafa S, Oun H, Sam ZH, Brogan A, Zaidi R, Quinn K, Taylor F, Pang G, Heath H, Smart NJ, Home J, Mauro D, Noone TM, Fenn J, Sinha A, Lowe R, Hutchings I, Longstaff L, Smith AG, Edwards JA, Alcocer BP, Oakley T, Thomas-Davies M, Hourston GJM, Kankam HKN, Ramana A, Baker C, Endo Y, Wong C, Anderson RGJ, Badran A, Ali A, Myers L, Tippins F, Stanley S, Sandison L, Schofield E, Delf J, Rees S, Anyan-Brown J, Long K, Archer M, Anakwenze V, Goel S, Sharma Khatiwada A, Khan S, Leafe O, Lee J, Embury-Young Y, Edwards L, Hazenberg P, Agrawal M, Guerero D, Britton F, Rejayee M, Mahesh S, Khaing PH, Baldwin A, Iyer S, Gaskell P, Adlan A, Cuckow L, Barmayehvar B, Rob T, Ciurleo C, Mural-Krishnan S, Jong N, Carlson S, Abdelgalil R, Goble M, Doshi A, Ogunleye O, Marsh L, Bagley J, Poacher A, Cantelo J, Wylie J, Govil S, Hill F, Beaver D, Urquhart A, Rakhimov I, Raina V, Clifford T, Iorga R, Cartwright E, Harris AJ, Shurovi B, Wadanamby S, Brown E, Bradley C, Ahmad A, Jeyabraba S, Hardaman B, Truss A, Mohamed US, Örhalmi J, Kerin MJ, Reynolds J, Ridgway P, Pietrabissa A, Foschi D, Sgroi G, Rosati G, Benevento A, Coco C, Persiani R, Vasquez G, Messina F, De Manzini N, Innocenti P, Rosati R, Altomare DF, Sartori A, Salamone G, Galleano R, Cianchi F, Wijnhoven BPL, van de Ven AWH, de Vos Tot Nederveen Cappel RJ, de Castro SMM, Meijerink WJHJ, Mulder IM, Acherman YIZ, van Leeuwen BL, Schasfoort RA, Kloppenberg FWH, Wiezer R, Consten ECJ, Van Grevenstein WMU, Schiphorst A, Wijffels N, Uittenbogaart M, Klinkert M, Koppe M, de Hingh I, Konsten J, Polat F, Berends F, Langenhoff B, 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Yoganathan S, Nachiappan R, Egan RJ, Owasil R, Kwan ML, He A, Goh RW, Bhome R, Wilson H, Teoh PJ, Raji K, Jayakody N, Matthams J, Chong J, Luk CY, Greig RJ, Trail M, Charalambous G, Rocke AS, Gardiner N, Bulley F, Warren N, Brennan E, Fergurson P, Wilson R, Whittingham H, Brown EJ, Khanijau R, Gandhi K, Morris S, Boulton AJ, Chandan N, Barthorpe AE, Maamari R, Sandhu S, McCann M, Higgs L, Balian V, Reeder C, Diaper C, Sale T, Ali H, Archer CH, Clarke AK, Heskin J, Hurst PC, Farmer JD, O'Flynn LD, Doan L, Shuker BA, Stott GD, Vithanage NA, Hoban KA, Nesargikar PN, Kennedy HR, Grossart CM, Tan ESM, Roy CSD, Sim P, Leslie KE, Sim D, Abul MH, Cody N, Tay AY, Woon E, Sng S, Mah J, Robson J, Shakweh E, Wing VC, Mills H, Li MM, Barrow TR, Balaji S, Jordan HEM, Phillips C, Naveed H, Hirani S, Tai A, Ratnakumaran R, Sahathevan A, Shafi AMA, Seedat M, Weaver R, Batho A, Punj R, Selvachandran H, Bhatt N, Botchey S, Khonat Z, Brennan K, Morrison CJ, Devlin E, Linton A, Galloway E, McGarvie S, Ramsay N, McRobbie HD, Whewell H, Dean W, Nelaj S, Eragat M, Mishra A, Kane T, Zuhair M, Wells M, Wilkinson D, Woodcock N, Sun E, Aziz N, Abd Ghaffar MK., Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Rosati, Riccardo, Nepogodiev, D., and Robotics and image-guided minimally-invasive surgery (ROBOTICS)
Subjects: Male, obesity, Multivariate analysis, Gastrointestinal Diseases, IMPACT, Settore MED/18 - CHIRURGIA GENERALE, Body mass index, Body weight, Digestive tract, Gastrointestinal tract, Obesity, Postoperative complications, Gastroenterology, digestive tract, Tumours of the digestive tract Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 14], 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Aged, Europe, Female, Gastrointestinal Neoplasms, Humans, Middle Aged, Postoperative Complications, Body Mass Index, OUTCOMES, body mass index, body weight, gastrointestinal tract, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Meta-analysis, Urological cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 15], Cohort, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Cohort study, medicine.medical_specialty, Malignancy, NO, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, business.industry, postoperative complications, MORTALITY, medicine.disease, Settore MED/18, Surgery, Postoperative complication, Postoperative Complications, Obesity, Digestive Tract, Gastrointestinal Tract, Body Mass Index, Body Weight, business
Abstract: Aim Previous studies reported conflicting evidence on the effects of obesity on outcomes after gastrointestinal surgery. The aims of this study were to explore the relationship of obesity with major postoperative complications in an international cohort and to present a meta-analysis of all available prospective data.Methods This prospective, multicentre study included adults undergoing both elective and emergency gastrointestinal resection, reversal of stoma or formation of stoma. The primary end-point was 30-day major complications (Clavien-Dindo Grades III-V). A systematic search was undertaken for studies assessing the relationship between obesity and major complications after gastrointestinal surgery. Individual patient meta-analysis was used to analyse pooled results.Results This study included 2519 patients across 127 centres, of whom 560 (22.2%) were obese. Unadjusted major complication rates were lower in obese vs normal weight patients (13.0% vs 16.2%, respectively), but this did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.863) on multivariate analysis for patients having surgery for either malignant or benign conditions. Individual patient meta-analysis demonstrated that obese patients undergoing surgery for malignancy were at increased risk of major complications (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.49-2.96, P Conclusions In our international data, obesity was not found to be associated with major complications following gastrointestinal surgery. Meta-analysis of available prospective data made a novel finding of obesity being associated with different outcomes depending on whether patients were undergoing surgery for benign or malignant disease.
Published: 2018

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