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1. Exome copy number variant detection, analysis, and classification in a large cohort of families with undiagnosed rare genetic disease.

Author

Lemire, Gabrielle, Sanchis-Juan, Alba, Russell, Kathryn, Baxter, Samantha, Chao, Katherine, Singer-Berk, Moriel, Groopman, Emily, Wong, Isaac, England, Eleina, Goodrich, Julia, Pais, Lynn, Austin-Tse, Christina, DiTroia, Stephanie, OHeir, Emily, Ganesh, Vijay, Wojcik, Monica, Evangelista, Emily, Snow, Hana, Osei-Owusu, Ikeoluwa, Fu, Jack, Singh, Mugdha, Mostovoy, Yulia, Huang, Steve, Garimella, Kiran, Kirkham, Samantha, Neil, Jennifer, Shao, Diane, Walsh, Christopher, Argilli, Emanuela, Le, Carolyn, Sherr, Elliott, Gleeson, Joseph, Shril, Shirlee, Schneider, Ronen, Hildebrandt, Friedhelm, Sankaran, Vijay, Madden, Jill, Genetti, Casie, Beggs, Alan, Agrawal, Pankaj, Bujakowska, Kinga, Place, Emily, Pierce, Eric, Donkervoort, Sandra, Bönnemann, Carsten, Gallacher, Lyndon, Stark, Zornitza, Tan, Tiong, White, Susan, Töpf, Ana, Straub, Volker, Fleming, Mark, Pollak, Martin, Õunap, Katrin, Pajusalu, Sander, Donald, Kirsten, Bruwer, Zandre, Ravenscroft, Gianina, Laing, Nigel, MacArthur, Daniel, Rehm, Heidi, Talkowski, Michael, Brand, Harrison, and ODonnell-Luria, Anne

Subjects
CNV, GATK-gCNV, copy number variant, diagnostic yield, exome, variant classification, Humans, DNA Copy Number Variations, Rare Diseases, Exome, Male, Female, Exome Sequencing, Cohort Studies, Genetic Testing
Abstract

Copy number variants (CNVs) are significant contributors to the pathogenicity of rare genetic diseases and, with new innovative methods, can now reliably be identified from exome sequencing. Challenges still remain in accurate classification of CNV pathogenicity. CNV calling using GATK-gCNV was performed on exomes from a cohort of 6,633 families (15,759 individuals) with heterogeneous phenotypes and variable prior genetic testing collected at the Broad Institute Center for Mendelian Genomics of the Genomics Research to Elucidate the Genetics of Rare Diseases consortium and analyzed using the seqr platform. The addition of CNV detection to exome analysis identified causal CNVs for 171 families (2.6%). The estimated sizes of CNVs ranged from 293 bp to 80 Mb. The causal CNVs consisted of 140 deletions, 15 duplications, 3 suspected complex structural variants (SVs), 3 insertions, and 10 complex SVs, the latter two groups being identified by orthogonal confirmation methods. To classify CNV variant pathogenicity, we used the 2020 American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/ClinGen CNV interpretation standards and developed additional criteria to evaluate allelic and functional data as well as variants on the X chromosome to further advance the framework. We interpreted 151 CNVs as likely pathogenic/pathogenic and 20 CNVs as high-interest variants of uncertain significance. Calling CNVs from existing exome data increases the diagnostic yield for individuals undiagnosed after standard testing approaches, providing a higher-resolution alternative to arrays at a fraction of the cost of genome sequencing. Our improvements to the classification approach advances the systematic framework to assess the pathogenicity of CNVs.

Published
2024

2. Truncating SRCAP variants outside the Floating-Harbor syndrome locus cause a distinct neurodevelopmental disorder with a specific DNA methylation signature

Author

Rots, Dmitrijs, Chater-Diehl, Eric, Dingemans, Alexander JM, Goodman, Sarah J, Siu, Michelle T, Cytrynbaum, Cheryl, Choufani, Sanaa, Hoang, Ny, Walker, Susan, Awamleh, Zain, Charkow, Joshua, Meyn, Stephen, Pfundt, Rolph, Rinne, Tuula, Gardeitchik, Thatjana, de Vries, Bert BA, Deden, A Chantal, Leenders, Erika, Kwint, Michael, Stumpel, Constance TRM, Stevens, Servi JC, Vermeulen, Jeroen R, van Harssel, Jeske VT, Bosch, Danielle GM, van Gassen, Koen LI, van Binsbergen, Ellen, de Geus, Christa M, Brackel, Hein, Hempel, Maja, Lessel, Davor, Denecke, Jonas, Slavotinek, Anne, Strober, Jonathan, Crunk, Amy, Folk, Leandra, Wentzensen, Ingrid M, Yang, Hui, Zou, Fanggeng, Millan, Francisca, Person, Richard, Xie, Yili, Liu, Shuxi, Ousager, Lilian B, Larsen, Martin, Schultz-Rogers, Laura, Morava, Eva, Klee, Eric W, Berry, Ian R, Campbell, Jennifer, Lindstrom, Kristin, Pruniski, Brianna, Neumeyer, Ann M, Radley, Jessica A, Phornphutkul, Chanika, Schmidt, Berkley, Wilson, William G, Õunap, Katrin, Reinson, Karit, Pajusalu, Sander, van Haeringen, Arie, Ruivenkamp, Claudia, Cuperus, Roos, Santos-Simarro, Fernando, Palomares-Bralo, María, Pacio-Míguez, Marta, Ritter, Alyssa, Bhoj, Elizabeth, Tønne, Elin, Tveten, Kristian, Cappuccio, Gerarda, Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola, Rowe, Leah, Bunn, Jason, Saenz, Margarita, Platzer, Konrad, Mertens, Mareike, Caluseriu, Oana, Nowaczyk, Małgorzata JM, Cohn, Ronald D, Kannu, Peter, Alkhunaizi, Ebba, Chitayat, David, Scherer, Stephen W, Brunner, Han G, Vissers, Lisenka ELM, Kleefstra, Tjitske, Koolen, David A, and Weksberg, Rosanna

Subjects
Genetics, Clinical Research, Brain Disorders, Mental Health, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Abnormalities, Multiple, Adenosine Triphosphatases, Case-Control Studies, Cohort Studies, Craniofacial Abnormalities, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Growth Disorders, Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Male, Mutation, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Phenotype, DNA methylation signature, Floating-Harbor syndrome, SRCAP, epigenomics, genotype-phenotype correlation, intellectual disability, neurodevelopmental disorders, non-FLHS SRCAP-related NDD, nonsense-mediated decay, speech delay, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Genetics & Heredity
Abstract

Truncating variants in exons 33 and 34 of the SNF2-related CREBBP activator protein (SRCAP) gene cause the neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) Floating-Harbor syndrome (FLHS), characterized by short stature, speech delay, and facial dysmorphism. Here, we present a cohort of 33 individuals with clinical features distinct from FLHS and truncating (mostly de novo) SRCAP variants either proximal (n = 28) or distal (n = 5) to the FLHS locus. Detailed clinical characterization of the proximal SRCAP individuals identified shared characteristics: developmental delay with or without intellectual disability, behavioral and psychiatric problems, non-specific facial features, musculoskeletal issues, and hypotonia. Because FLHS is known to be associated with a unique set of DNA methylation (DNAm) changes in blood, a DNAm signature, we investigated whether there was a distinct signature associated with our affected individuals. A machine-learning model, based on the FLHS DNAm signature, negatively classified all our tested subjects. Comparing proximal variants with typically developing controls, we identified a DNAm signature distinct from the FLHS signature. Based on the DNAm and clinical data, we refer to the condition as "non-FLHS SRCAP-related NDD." All five distal variants classified negatively using the FLHS DNAm model while two classified positively using the proximal model. This suggests divergent pathogenicity of these variants, though clinically the distal group presented with NDD, similar to the proximal SRCAP group. In summary, for SRCAP, there is a clear relationship between variant location, DNAm profile, and clinical phenotype. These results highlight the power of combined epigenetic, molecular, and clinical studies to identify and characterize genotype-epigenotype-phenotype correlations.

Published
2021

3. Linkage-specific deubiquitylation by OTUD5 defines an embryonic pathway intolerant to genomic variation

Author

Beck, David B, Basar, Mohammed A, Asmar, Anthony J, Thompson, Joyce J, Oda, Hirotsugu, Uehara, Daniela T, Saida, Ken, Pajusalu, Sander, Talvik, Inga, D’Souza, Precilla, Bodurtha, Joann, Mu, Weiyi, Barañano, Kristin W, Miyake, Noriko, Wang, Raymond, Kempers, Marlies, Tamada, Tomoko, Nishimura, Yutaka, Okada, Satoshi, Kosho, Tomoki, Dale, Ryan, Mitra, Apratim, Macnamara, Ellen, Matsumoto, Naomichi, Inazawa, Johji, Walkiewicz, Magdalena, Õunap, Katrin, Tifft, Cynthia J, Aksentijevich, Ivona, Kastner, Daniel L, Rocha, Pedro P, and Werner, Achim

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Genetics, Biological Sciences, Human Genome, Rare Diseases, Pediatric, Generic health relevance, Chromatin, Genomics, Humans, Signal Transduction, Ubiquitin, Ubiquitination, Undiagnosed Diseases Network
Abstract

Reversible modification of proteins with linkage-specific ubiquitin chains is critical for intracellular signaling. Information on physiological roles and underlying mechanisms of particular ubiquitin linkages during human development are limited. Here, relying on genomic constraint scores, we identify 10 patients with multiple congenital anomalies caused by hemizygous variants in OTUD5, encoding a K48/K63 linkage-specific deubiquitylase. By studying these mutations, we find that OTUD5 controls neuroectodermal differentiation through cleaving K48-linked ubiquitin chains to counteract degradation of select chromatin regulators (e.g., ARID1A/B, histone deacetylase 2, and HCF1), mutations of which underlie diseases that exhibit phenotypic overlap with OTUD5 patients. Loss of OTUD5 during differentiation leads to less accessible chromatin at neuroectodermal enhancers and aberrant gene expression. Our study describes a previously unidentified disorder we name LINKED (LINKage-specific deubiquitylation deficiency-induced Embryonic Defects) syndrome and reveals linkage-specific ubiquitin cleavage from chromatin remodelers as an essential signaling mode that coordinates chromatin remodeling during embryogenesis.

Published
2021

4. Histone H3.3 beyond cancer: Germline mutations in Histone 3 Family 3A and 3B cause a previously unidentified neurodegenerative disorder in 46 patients.

Author

Bryant, Laura, Li, Dong, Cox, Samuel G, Marchione, Dylan, Joiner, Evan F, Wilson, Khadija, Janssen, Kevin, Lee, Pearl, March, Michael E, Nair, Divya, Sherr, Elliott, Fregeau, Brieana, Wierenga, Klaas J, Wadley, Alexandrea, Mancini, Grazia MS, Powell-Hamilton, Nina, van de Kamp, Jiddeke, Grebe, Theresa, Dean, John, Ross, Alison, Crawford, Heather P, Powis, Zoe, Cho, Megan T, Willing, Marcia C, Manwaring, Linda, Schot, Rachel, Nava, Caroline, Afenjar, Alexandra, Lessel, Davor, Wagner, Matias, Klopstock, Thomas, Winkelmann, Juliane, Catarino, Claudia B, Retterer, Kyle, Schuette, Jane L, Innis, Jeffrey W, Pizzino, Amy, Lüttgen, Sabine, Denecke, Jonas, Strom, Tim M, Monaghan, Kristin G, DDD Study, Yuan, Zuo-Fei, Dubbs, Holly, Bend, Renee, Lee, Jennifer A, Lyons, Michael J, Hoefele, Julia, Günthner, Roman, Reutter, Heiko, Keren, Boris, Radtke, Kelly, Sherbini, Omar, Mrokse, Cameron, Helbig, Katherine L, Odent, Sylvie, Cogne, Benjamin, Mercier, Sandra, Bezieau, Stephane, Besnard, Thomas, Kury, Sebastien, Redon, Richard, Reinson, Karit, Wojcik, Monica H, Õunap, Katrin, Ilves, Pilvi, Innes, A Micheil, Kernohan, Kristin D, Care4Rare Canada Consortium, Costain, Gregory, Meyn, M Stephen, Chitayat, David, Zackai, Elaine, Lehman, Anna, Kitson, Hilary, CAUSES Study, Martin, Martin G, Martinez-Agosto, Julian A, Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Nelson, Stan F, Palmer, Christina GS, Papp, Jeanette C, Parker, Neil H, Sinsheimer, Janet S, Vilain, Eric, Wan, Jijun, Yoon, Amanda J, Zheng, Allison, Brimble, Elise, Ferrero, Giovanni Battista, Radio, Francesca Clementina, Carli, Diana, Barresi, Sabina, Brusco, Alfredo, Tartaglia, Marco, Thomas, Jennifer Muncy, Umana, Luis, Weiss, Marjan M, Gotway, Garrett, and Stuurman, KE

Subjects
DDD Study, Care4Rare Canada Consortium, CAUSES Study, Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Animals, Zebrafish, Humans, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Zebrafish Proteins, Histones, Germ-Line Mutation, Forkhead Transcription Factors, Genetics, Pediatric Research Initiative, Human Genome, Rare Diseases, Biotechnology, Cancer, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology
Abstract

Although somatic mutations in Histone 3.3 (H3.3) are well-studied drivers of oncogenesis, the role of germline mutations remains unreported. We analyze 46 patients bearing de novo germline mutations in histone 3 family 3A (H3F3A) or H3F3B with progressive neurologic dysfunction and congenital anomalies without malignancies. Molecular modeling of all 37 variants demonstrated clear disruptions in interactions with DNA, other histones, and histone chaperone proteins. Patient histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs) analysis revealed notably aberrant local PTM patterns distinct from the somatic lysine mutations that cause global PTM dysregulation. RNA sequencing on patient cells demonstrated up-regulated gene expression related to mitosis and cell division, and cellular assays confirmed an increased proliferative capacity. A zebrafish model showed craniofacial anomalies and a defect in Foxd3-derived glia. These data suggest that the mechanism of germline mutations are distinct from cancer-associated somatic histone mutations but may converge on control of cell proliferation.

Published
2020

5. Dual Molecular Effects of Dominant RORA Mutations Cause Two Variants of Syndromic Intellectual Disability with Either Autism or Cerebellar Ataxia

Author

Guissart, Claire, Latypova, Xenia, Rollier, Paul, Khan, Tahir N, Stamberger, Hannah, McWalter, Kirsty, Cho, Megan T, Kjaergaard, Susanne, Weckhuysen, Sarah, Lesca, Gaetan, Besnard, Thomas, Õunap, Katrin, Schema, Lynn, Chiocchetti, Andreas G, McDonald, Marie, de Bellescize, Julitta, Vincent, Marie, Van Esch, Hilde, Sattler, Shannon, Forghani, Irman, Thiffault, Isabelle, Freitag, Christine M, Barbouth, Deborah Sara, Cadieux-Dion, Maxime, Willaert, Rebecca, Sacoto, Maria J Guillen, Safina, Nicole P, Dubourg, Christèle, Grote, Lauren, Carré, Wilfrid, Saunders, Carol, Pajusalu, Sander, Farrow, Emily, Boland, Anne, Karlowicz, Danielle Hays, Deleuze, Jean-François, Wojcik, Monica H, Pressman, Rena, Isidor, Bertrand, Vogels, Annick, Van Paesschen, Wim, Al-Gazali, Lihadh, Shamsi, Aisha Mohamed Al, Claustres, Mireille, Pujol, Aurora, Sanders, Stephan J, Rivier, François, Leboucq, Nicolas, Cogné, Benjamin, Sasorith, Souphatta, Sanlaville, Damien, Retterer, Kyle, Odent, Sylvie, Katsanis, Nicholas, Bézieau, Stéphane, Koenig, Michel, Davis, Erica E, Pasquier, Laurent, and Küry, Sébastien

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Genetics, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Neurodegenerative, Neurosciences, Pediatric, Rare Diseases, Brain Disorders, Autism, Mental Health, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Neurological, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Alleles, Animals, Autistic Disorder, Brain, Cerebellar Ataxia, Child, Child, Preschool, DNA Copy Number Variations, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Genes, Dominant, Genetic Complementation Test, Humans, Intellectual Disability, Larva, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Mutation, Missense, Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1, Purkinje Cells, Syndrome, Zebrafish, RORA, autistic features, cerebellar ataxia, dual molecular effects, epilepsy, intellectual disability, neurodevelopmental disorder, Medical and Health Sciences, Genetics & Heredity, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

RORα, the RAR-related orphan nuclear receptor alpha, is essential for cerebellar development. The spontaneous mutant mouse staggerer, with an ataxic gait caused by neurodegeneration of cerebellar Purkinje cells, was discovered two decades ago to result from homozygous intragenic Rora deletions. However, RORA mutations were hitherto undocumented in humans. Through a multi-centric collaboration, we identified three copy-number variant deletions (two de novo and one dominantly inherited in three generations), one de novo disrupting duplication, and nine de novo point mutations (three truncating, one canonical splice site, and five missense mutations) involving RORA in 16 individuals from 13 families with variable neurodevelopmental delay and intellectual disability (ID)-associated autistic features, cerebellar ataxia, and epilepsy. Consistent with the human and mouse data, disruption of the D. rerio ortholog, roraa, causes significant reduction in the size of the developing cerebellum. Systematic in vivo complementation studies showed that, whereas wild-type human RORA mRNA could complement the cerebellar pathology, missense variants had two distinct pathogenic mechanisms of either haploinsufficiency or a dominant toxic effect according to their localization in the ligand-binding or DNA-binding domains, respectively. This dichotomous direction of effect is likely relevant to the phenotype in humans: individuals with loss-of-function variants leading to haploinsufficiency show ID with autistic features, while individuals with de novo dominant toxic variants present with ID, ataxia, and cerebellar atrophy. Our combined genetic and functional data highlight the complex mutational landscape at the human RORA locus and suggest that dual mutational effects likely determine phenotypic outcome.

Published
2018

6. The Koolen-de Vries syndrome: a phenotypic comparison of patients with a 17q21.31 microdeletion versus a KANSL1 sequence variant

Author

Koolen, David A, Pfundt, Rolph, Linda, Katrin, Beunders, Gea, Veenstra-Knol, Hermine E, Conta, Jessie H, Fortuna, Ana Maria, Gillessen-Kaesbach, Gabriele, Dugan, Sarah, Halbach, Sara, Abdul-Rahman, Omar A, Winesett, Heather M, Chung, Wendy K, Dalton, Marguerite, Dimova, Petia S, Mattina, Teresa, Prescott, Katrina, Zhang, Hui Z, Saal, Howard M, Hehir-Kwa, Jayne Y, Willemsen, Marjolein H, Ockeloen, Charlotte W, Jongmans, Marjolijn C, Van der Aa, Nathalie, Failla, Pinella, Barone, Concetta, Avola, Emanuela, Brooks, Alice S, Kant, Sarina G, Gerkes, Erica H, Firth, Helen V, Õunap, Katrin, Bird, Lynne M, Masser-Frye, Diane, Friedman, Jennifer R, Sokunbi, Modupe A, Dixit, Abhijit, Splitt, Miranda, Kukolich, Mary K, McGaughran, Julie, Coe, Bradley P, Flórez, Jesús, Nadif Kasri, Nael, Brunner, Han G, Thompson, Elizabeth M, Gecz, Jozef, Romano, Corrado, Eichler, Evan E, and de Vries, Bert BA

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Genetics, Rare Diseases, Pediatric, Neurosciences, Congenital Structural Anomalies, Brain Disorders, Clinical Research, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Congenital, Abnormalities, Multiple, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Chromosome Deletion, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17, Female, Humans, Intellectual Disability, Male, Middle Aged, Nuclear Proteins, Phenotype, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, DDD Study, Clinical Sciences, Genetics & Heredity, Clinical sciences
Abstract

The Koolen-de Vries syndrome (KdVS; OMIM #610443), also known as the 17q21.31 microdeletion syndrome, is a clinically heterogeneous disorder characterised by (neonatal) hypotonia, developmental delay, moderate intellectual disability, and characteristic facial dysmorphism. Expressive language development is particularly impaired compared with receptive language or motor skills. Other frequently reported features include social and friendly behaviour, epilepsy, musculoskeletal anomalies, congenital heart defects, urogenital malformations, and ectodermal anomalies. The syndrome is caused by a truncating variant in the KAT8 regulatory NSL complex unit 1 (KANSL1) gene or by a 17q21.31 microdeletion encompassing KANSL1. Herein we describe a novel cohort of 45 individuals with KdVS of whom 33 have a 17q21.31 microdeletion and 12 a single-nucleotide variant (SNV) in KANSL1 (19 males, 26 females; age range 7 months to 50 years). We provide guidance about the potential pitfalls in the laboratory testing and emphasise the challenges of KANSL1 variant calling and DNA copy number analysis in the complex 17q21.31 region. Moreover, we present detailed phenotypic information, including neuropsychological features, that contribute to the broad phenotypic spectrum of the syndrome. Comparison of the phenotype of both the microdeletion and SNV patients does not show differences of clinical importance, stressing that haploinsufficiency of KANSL1 is sufficient to cause the full KdVS phenotype.

Published
2016

7. A scoring system predicting the clinical course of CLPB defect based on the foetal and neonatal presentation of 31 patients

Author

Pronicka, Ewa, Ropacka-Lesiak, Mariola, Trubicka, Joanna, Pajdowska, Magdalena, Linke, Markus, Ostergaard, Elsebet, Saunders, Carol, Horsch, Sandra, van Karnebeek, Clara, Yaplito-Lee, Joy, Distelmaier, Felix, Õunap, Katrin, Rahman, Shamima, Castelle, Martin, Kelleher, John, Baris, Safa, Iwanicka-Pronicka, Katarzyna, Steward, Colin G., Ciara, Elżbieta, Wortmann, Saskia B., Piekutowska-Abramczuk, Dorota, Rokicki, Dariusz, Fałek, Olga, Nowak, Anna, Brązert, Krystyna, Mayr, Johannes A., Paediatric Metabolic Diseases, ANS - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, ANS - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, AGEM - Inborn errors of metabolism, ANS - Amsterdam Neuroscience, AGEM - Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Pronicka, Ewa, Ropacka-Lesiak, Mariola, Trubicka, Joanna, Pajdowska, Magdalena, Linke, Markus, Ostergaard, Elsebet, Saunders, Carol, Horsch, Sandra, van Karnebeek, Clara, Yaplito-Lee, Joy, Distelmaier, Felix, Ounap, Katrin, Rahman, Shamima, Castelle, Martin, Kelleher, John, Baris, Safa, Iwanicka-Pronicka, Katarzyna, Steward, Colin G., Ciara, Elzbieta, and Wortmann, Saskia B.

Subjects
DISORDER, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Pediatrics, Hyperekplexia, Child, Genetics (clinical), Brain Diseases, Movement Disorders, Endopeptidase Clp, 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, CONGENITAL NEUTROPENIA, Phenotype, Child, Preschool, Hypertonia, Female, medicine.symptom, 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Neutropenia, Adolescent, Prenatal movement disorder, PROTEIN DISAGGREGATION, Cataract, 3-methylglutaconic Aciduria, Cataracts, Prenatal Movement Disorder, Prenatal Seizures, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Fetus, Atrophy, Journal Article, Genetics, medicine, Humans, MUTATIONS, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Infant, medicine.disease, Surgery, 030104 developmental biology, Prenatal seizures, Differential diagnosis, Age of onset, CLPB, business, Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Abstract

Recently, CLPB deficiency has been shown to cause a genetic syndrome with cataracts, neutropenia, and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria. Surprisingly, the neurological presentation ranges from completely unaffected to patients with virtual absence of development. Muscular hypo- and hypertonia, movement disorder and progressive brain atrophy are frequently reported. We present the foetal, peri- and neonatal features of 31 patients, of which five are previously unreported, using a newly developed clinical severity scoring system rating the clinical, metabolic, imaging and other findings weighted by the age of onset. Our data are illustrated by foetal and neonatal videos. The patients were classified as having a mild (n = 4), moderate (n = 13) or severe (n = 14) disease phenotype. The most striking feature of the severe subtype was the neonatal absence of voluntary movements in combination with ventilator dependency and hyperexcitability. The foetal and neonatal presentation mirrored the course of disease with respect to survival (current median age 17.5 years in the mild group, median age of death 35 days in the severe group), severity and age of onset of all findings evaluated. CLPB deficiency should be considered in neonates with absence of voluntary movements, respiratory insufficiency and swallowing problems, especially if associated with 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, neutropenia and cataracts. Being an important differential diagnosis of hyperekplexia (exaggerated startle responses), we advise performing urinary organic acid analysis, blood cell counts and ophthalmological examination in these patients. The neonatal presentation of CLPB deficiency predicts the course of disease in later life, which is extremely important for counselling.

Published
2017
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8. Neurologic phenotypes associated with COL4A1 / 2 mutations

Author

Zagaglia, Sara, Selch, Christina, Radić Nišević, Jelena, Mei, Davide, Michalak, Zuzanna, Hernandez-Hernandez, Laura, Krithika, S., Vezyroglou, Katharina, Varadkar, Sophia M., Pepler, Alexander, Biskup, Saskia, Leão, Miguel, Gärtner, Jutta, Merkenschlager, Andreas, Jaksch, Michaela, Møller, Rikke S., Gardella, Elena, Kristiansen, Britta Schlott, Hansen, Lars Kjærsgaard, Vari, Maria Stella, Helbig, Katherine L., Desai, Sonal, Smith-Hicks, Constance L., Hino-Fukuyo, Naomi, Talvik, Tiina, Laugesaar, Rael, Ilves, Pilvi, Õunap, Katrin, Körber, Ingrid, Hartlieb, Till, Kudernatsch, Manfred, Winkler, Peter, Schimmel, Mareike, Hasse, Anette, Knuf, Markus, Heinemeyer, Jan, Makowski, Christine, Ghedia, Sondhya, Subramanian, Gopinath M., Striano, Pasquale, Thomas, Rhys H., Micallef, Caroline, Thom, Maria, Werring, David J., Kluger, Gerhard Josef, Cross, J. Helen, Guerrini, Renzo, Balestrini, Simona, and Sisodiya, Sanjay M.

Subjects
Adult, Collagen Type IV, Male, Epilepsy, Adolescent, BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti. Neurologija, Young Adult, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences. Neurology, Child, Preschool, Mutation, Humans, Female, Nervous System Diseases, Child, Genetic Association Studies
Abstract

Objective To characterize the neurologic phenotypes associated with COL4A1/2 mutations and to seek genotype–phenotype correlation. Methods We analyzed clinical, EEG, and neuroimaging data of 44 new and 55 previously reported patients with COL4A1/COL4A2 mutations. Results Childhood-onset focal seizures, frequently complicated by status epilepticus and resistance to antiepileptic drugs, was the most common phenotype. EEG typically showed focal epileptiform discharges in the context of other abnormalities, including generalized sharp waves or slowing. In 46.4% of new patients with focal seizures, porencephalic cysts on brain MRI colocalized with the area of the focal epileptiform discharges. In patients with porencephalic cysts, brain MRI frequently also showed extensive white matter abnormalities, consistent with the finding of diffuse cerebral disturbance on EEG. Notably, we also identified a subgroup of patients with epilepsy as their main clinical feature, in which brain MRI showed nonspecific findings, in particular periventricular leukoencephalopathy and ventricular asymmetry. Analysis of 15 pedigrees suggested a worsening of the severity of clinical phenotype in succeeding generations, particularly when maternally inherited. Mutations associated with epilepsy were spread across COL4A1 and a clear genotype–phenotype correlation did not emerge. Conclusion COL4A1/COL4A2 mutations typically cause a severe neurologic condition and a broader spectrum of milder phenotypes, in which epilepsy is the predominant feature. Early identification of patients carrying COL4A1/COL4A2 mutations may have important clinical consequences, while for research efforts, omission from large-scale epilepsy sequencing studies of individuals with abnormalities on brain MRI may generate misleading estimates of the genetic contribution to the epilepsies overall.

Published
2018
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9. Expert consensus document: Clinical and molecular diagnosis, screening and management of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: an international consensus statement

Author

Brioude, Frédéric, Kalish, Jennifer M, Mussa, Alessandro, Foster, Alison C, Bliek, Jet, Ferrero, Giovanni Battista, Boonen, Susanne E, Cole, Trevor, Baker, Robert, Bertoletti, Monica, Cocchi, Guido, Coze, Carole, De Pellegrin, Maurizio, Hussain, Khalid, Ibrahim, Abdulla, Kilby, Mark D, Krajewska-Walasek, Malgorzata, Kratz, Christian P, Ladusans, Edmund J, Lapunzina, Pablo, Le Bouc, Yves, Maas, Saskia M, Macdonald, Fiona, Õunap, Katrin, Peruzzi, Licia, Rossignol, Sylvie, Russo, Silvia, Shipster, Caroleen, Skórka, Agata, Tatton-Brown, Katrina, Tenorio, Jair, Tortora, Chiara, Grønskov, Karen, Netchine, Irène, Hennekam, Raoul C, Prawitt, Dirk, Tümer, Zeynep, Eggermann, Thomas, Mackay, Deborah JG, Riccio, Andrea, and Maher, Eamonn R

Subjects
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome, Consensus, DNA Copy Number Variations, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Reproductive Techniques, Assisted, Prenatal Diagnosis, Humans, DNA Methylation, Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, 3. Good health
Abstract

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), a human genomic imprinting disorder, is characterized by phenotypic variability that might include overgrowth, macroglossia, abdominal wall defects, neonatal hypoglycaemia, lateralized overgrowth and predisposition to embryonal tumours. Delineation of the molecular defects within the imprinted 11p15.5 region can predict familial recurrence risks and the risk (and type) of embryonal tumour. Despite recent advances in knowledge, there is marked heterogeneity in clinical diagnostic criteria and care. As detailed in this Consensus Statement, an international consensus group agreed upon 72 recommendations for the clinical and molecular diagnosis and management of BWS, including comprehensive protocols for the molecular investigation, care and treatment of patients from the prenatal period to adulthood. The consensus recommendations apply to patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann spectrum (BWSp), covering classical BWS without a molecular diagnosis and BWS-related phenotypes with an 11p15.5 molecular anomaly. Although the consensus group recommends a tumour surveillance programme targeted by molecular subgroups, surveillance might differ according to the local health-care system (for example, in the United States), and the results of targeted and universal surveillance should be evaluated prospectively. International collaboration, including a prospective audit of the results of implementing these consensus recommendations, is required to expand the evidence base for the design of optimum care pathways.

10. Truncating SRCAP variants outside the Floating-Harbor syndrome locus cause a distinct neurodevelopmental disorder with a specific DNA methylation signature

Author

Ian R. Berry, Martin R. Larsen, Ann M. Neumeyer, Lilian Bomme Ousager, Leah J. Rowe, Richard E. Person, Chanika Phornphutkul, David A. Koolen, Constance T. R. M. Stumpel, Konrad Platzer, Elizabeth J. Bhoj, Eric Chater-Diehl, Jason Bunn, Erika Leenders, Koen L.I. van Gassen, Joshua Charkow, Rosanna Weksberg, Ny Hoang, Roos Cuperus, Davor Lessel, Rolph Pfundt, Oana Caluseriu, Sarah J. Goodman, Leandra Folk, Fanggeng Zou, Michelle T. Siu, David Chitayat, Dmitrijs Rots, Jeroen R. Vermeulen, Shuxi Liu, Cheryl Cytrynbaum, Elin Tønne, Hein Brackel, Mareike Mertens, Jennifer Campbell, Jonathan B. Strober, Maja Hempel, Tjitske Kleefstra, Małgorzata J.M. Nowaczyk, Amy Crunk, Marta Pacio-Míguez, Fernando Santos-Simarro, Nicola Brunetti-Pierri, Christa de Geus, María Palomares-Bralo, Lisenka E.L.M. Vissers, Sander Pajusalu, Peter Kannu, Sanaa Choufani, Kristin Lindstrom, Margarita Saenz, Berkley Schmidt, Daniëlle G.M. Bosch, Han G. Brunner, Arie van Haeringen, Ellen van Binsbergen, Brianna Pruniski, Claudia A. L. Ruivenkamp, William G. Wilson, Servi J. C. Stevens, Susan Walker, Kristian Tveten, Zain Awamleh, Gerarda Cappuccio, Alexander J. M. Dingemans, Michael Kwint, Ebba Alkhunaizi, Jonas Denecke, Alyssa Ritter, Eric W. Klee, Bert B.A. de Vries, Jeske V.T. van Harssel, Stephen Meyn, A. Chantal Deden, Francisca Millan, Eva Morava, Ingrid M. Wentzensen, Anne Slavotinek, Stephen W. Scherer, Katrin Õunap, Tuula Rinne, Jessica A. Radley, Yili Xie, Thatjana Gardeitchik, Laura Schultz-Rogers, Karit Reinson, Ronald D. Cohn, Hui Yang, RS: GROW - R4 - Reproductive and Perinatal Medicine, MUMC+: DA KG Polikliniek (9), Klinische Genetica, MUMC+: DA KG Lab Centraal Lab (9), Klinische Neurowetenschappen, MUMC+: MA Med Staf Spec Neurologie (9), RS: MHeNs - R1 - Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, MUMC+: DA Klinische Genetica (5), Rots, Dmitrij, Chater-Diehl, Eric, Dingemans, Alexander J M, Goodman, Sarah J, Siu, Michelle T, Cytrynbaum, Cheryl, Choufani, Sanaa, Hoang, Ny, Walker, Susan, Awamleh, Zain, Charkow, Joshua, Meyn, Stephen, Pfundt, Rolph, Rinne, Tuula, Gardeitchik, Thatjana, de Vries, Bert B A, Deden, A Chantal, Leenders, Erika, Kwint, Michael, Stumpel, Constance T R M, Stevens, Servi J C, Vermeulen, Jeroen R, van Harssel, Jeske V T, Bosch, Danielle G M, van Gassen, Koen L I, van Binsbergen, Ellen, de Geus, Christa M, Brackel, Hein, Hempel, Maja, Lessel, Davor, Denecke, Jona, Slavotinek, Anne, Strober, Jonathan, Crunk, Amy, Folk, Leandra, Wentzensen, Ingrid M, Yang, Hui, Zou, Fanggeng, Millan, Francisca, Person, Richard, Xie, Yili, Liu, Shuxi, Ousager, Lilian B, Larsen, Martin, Schultz-Rogers, Laura, Morava, Eva, Klee, Eric W, Berry, Ian R, Campbell, Jennifer, Lindstrom, Kristin, Pruniski, Brianna, Neumeyer, Ann M, Radley, Jessica A, Phornphutkul, Chanika, Schmidt, Berkley, Wilson, William G, Õunap, Katrin, Reinson, Karit, Pajusalu, Sander, van Haeringen, Arie, Ruivenkamp, Claudia, Cuperus, Roo, Santos-Simarro, Fernando, Palomares-Bralo, María, Pacio-Míguez, Marta, Ritter, Alyssa, Bhoj, Elizabeth, Tønne, Elin, Tveten, Kristian, Cappuccio, Gerarda, Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola, Rowe, Leah, Bunn, Jason, Saenz, Margarita, Platzer, Konrad, Mertens, Mareike, Caluseriu, Oana, Nowaczyk, Małgorzata J M, Cohn, Ronald D, Kannu, Peter, Alkhunaizi, Ebba, Chitayat, David, Scherer, Stephen W, Brunner, Han G, Vissers, Lisenka E L M, Kleefstra, Tjitske, Koolen, David A, and Weksberg, Rosanna

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular, Male, DNA methylation signature, nonsense-mediated decay, speech delay, PROTEIN, 030105 genetics & heredity, PHENOTYPE, epigenomic, Medical and Health Sciences, Epigenesis, Genetic, Craniofacial Abnormalities, Cohort Studies, Neurodevelopmental disorder, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Genetics (clinical), Growth Disorders, Epigenomics, non-FLHS SRCAP-related NDD, Genetics, Adenosine Triphosphatases, Genetics & Heredity, neurodevelopmental disorders, Metabolic Disorders Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 6], SOTOS-LIKE, Biological Sciences, SRCAP, Hypotonia, AT-HOOK, 3. Good health, Phenotype, Mental Health, intellectual disability, Speech delay, DNA methylation, Female, medicine.symptom, Abnormalities, Multiple, EXON 34, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Locus (genetics), Biology, genotype-phenotype correlation, DIAGNOSIS, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetic, Clinical Research, medicine, Humans, Abnormalities, Multiple, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Floating-Harbor syndrome, SPECTRUM, Neurodevelopmental disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 7], MUTATIONS, Heart Septal Defects, Infant, Newborn, Ventricular, dNaM, Infant, DNA Methylation, medicine.disease, Newborn, neurodevelopmental disorder, GENE, Brain Disorders, 030104 developmental biology, Floating–Harbor syndrome, Case-Control Studies, Mutation, epigenomics, EPISIGNATURES, Epigenesis
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 234078.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Truncating variants in exons 33 and 34 of the SNF2-related CREBBP activator protein (SRCAP) gene cause the neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) Floating-Harbor syndrome (FLHS), characterized by short stature, speech delay, and facial dysmorphism. Here, we present a cohort of 33 individuals with clinical features distinct from FLHS and truncating (mostly de novo) SRCAP variants either proximal (n = 28) or distal (n = 5) to the FLHS locus. Detailed clinical characterization of the proximal SRCAP individuals identified shared characteristics: developmental delay with or without intellectual disability, behavioral and psychiatric problems, non-specific facial features, musculoskeletal issues, and hypotonia. Because FLHS is known to be associated with a unique set of DNA methylation (DNAm) changes in blood, a DNAm signature, we investigated whether there was a distinct signature associated with our affected individuals. A machine-learning model, based on the FLHS DNAm signature, negatively classified all our tested subjects. Comparing proximal variants with typically developing controls, we identified a DNAm signature distinct from the FLHS signature. Based on the DNAm and clinical data, we refer to the condition as "non-FLHS SRCAP-related NDD." All five distal variants classified negatively using the FLHS DNAm model while two classified positively using the proximal model. This suggests divergent pathogenicity of these variants, though clinically the distal group presented with NDD, similar to the proximal SRCAP group. In summary, for SRCAP, there is a clear relationship between variant location, DNAm profile, and clinical phenotype. These results highlight the power of combined epigenetic, molecular, and clinical studies to identify and characterize genotype-epigenotype-phenotype correlations.

Published
2021
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11. Genome sequencing identifies a homozygous inversion disrupting QDPR as a cause for dihydropteridine reductase deficiency

Author

Katrin Õunap, Ülle Murumets, Hardo Lilleväli, Ryan L. Collins, Kersti Lilleväli, Nenad Blau, Monica H. Wojcik, Julia K. Goodrich, Sander Pajusalu, Pille Tammur, University of Zurich, and Õunap, Katrin

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, 2716 Genetics (clinical), lcsh:QH426-470, 610 Medicine & health, 030105 genetics & heredity, Biology, tetrahydrobiopterin deficiencies, DNA sequencing, Chromosome Breakpoints, inversion, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, dihydropteridine reductase deficiency, 1311 Genetics, Phenylketonurias, Exome Sequencing, Genetics, 1312 Molecular Biology, Humans, Coding region, Genetic Testing, Child, Molecular Biology, Gene, Genetics (clinical), Exome sequencing, Sanger sequencing, Homozygote, Original Articles, QDPR gene, Dihydropteridine Reductase, genome sequencing, lcsh:Genetics, QDPR, 030104 developmental biology, Chromosome 4, 10036 Medical Clinic, Chromosome Inversion, symbols, Female, Original Article, Acyl-CoA Oxidase, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4
Abstract

Background Dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) is one of the key enzymes for maintaining in the organism the supply of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an essential cofactor for aromatic amino acid hydroxylases. Its dysfunction causes the condition of hyperphenylalaninemia together with the lack of neurotransmitters. Methods We report a patient with biochemically diagnosed DHPR deficiency, with extensive molecular investigations undertaken to detect variations in quinoid dihydropteridine reductase (QDPR) gene. Sanger sequencing of QDPR coding regions, exome sequencing, QDPR mRNA PCR, and karyotyping were followed by trio genome sequencing. Results Short‐read genome sequencing revealed a homozygous 9‐Mb inversion disrupting QDPR. Structural variant breakpoints in chromosome 4 were located to intron 2 of QDPR at Chr4(GRCh38):g.17505522 and in intron 8 of the ACOX3 gene, Chr4(GRCh38):g.8398067). Both nonrelated parents carried the variant in heterozygous state. The inversion was not present in gnomAD structural variant database. Conclusion Identification of the exact breakpoints now allows further straightforward molecular genetic testing of potential carriers of the inversion. This study extends the pathogenic variant spectrum of DHPR deficiency and highlights the role of structural variants in recessive metabolic disorders. To our knowledge, this is the first report on a large, canonical (rather than complex) homozygous pathogenic inversion detected by genome sequencing., We present a case in whom genome sequencing revealed a homozygous 9‐Mb inversion disrupting QDPR, not previously detected by Sanger sequencing of QDPR coding regions, exome sequencing, QDPR mRNA PCR, or karyotyping. This case is very good example how genome sequencing is giving an additional diagnostic yield to more common molecular methods. To our knowledge, this is the first report on a large, canonical homozygous pathogenic inversion detected by genome sequencing.

Published
2020
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12. Clinical and molecular diagnosis, screening and management of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: An international consensus statement

Author

Christian P. Kratz, Monica Bertoletti, Jet Bliek, Khalid Hussain, Thomas Eggermann, Trevor Cole, Pablo Lapunzina, Edmund J. Ladusans, Fiona Macdonald, Dirk Prawitt, Guido Cocchi, Giovanni Battista Ferrero, Jennifer M. Kalish, Katrina Tatton-Brown, Katrin Õunap, Sylvie Rossignol, Karen Grønskov, Małgorzata Krajewska-Walasek, Alison Foster, Maurizio De Pellegrin, Irène Netchine, Saskia M. Maas, Robert Baker, Abdulla Ibrahim, Frédéric Brioude, Alessandro Mussa, Zeynep Tümer, Susanne E Boonen, Chiara Tortora, Licia Peruzzi, Agata Skórka, Deborah J G Mackay, Raoul C.M. Hennekam, Jair Tenorio, Yves Le Bouc, Mark D. Kilby, Carole Coze, Silvia Russo, Caroleen Shipster, Andrea Riccio, Eamonn R. Maher, Brioude, Frédéric, Kalish, Jennifer M, Mussa, Alessandro, Foster, Alison C, Bliek, Jet, Ferrero, Giovanni Battista, Boonen, Susanne E, Cole, Trevor, Baker, Robert, Bertoletti, Monica, Cocchi, Guido, Coze, Carole, De Pellegrin, Maurizio, Hussain, Khalid, Ibrahim, Abdulla, Kilby, Mark D, Krajewska-Walasek, Malgorzata, Kratz, Christian P, Ladusans, Edmund J, Lapunzina, Pablo, Le Bouc, Yve, Maas, Saskia M, Macdonald, Fiona, Õunap, Katrin, Peruzzi, Licia, Rossignol, Sylvie, Russo, Silvia, Shipster, Caroleen, Skórka, Agata, Tatton-Brown, Katrina, Tenorio, Jair, Tortora, Chiara, Grønskov, Karen, Netchine, Irène, Hennekam, Raoul C, Prawitt, Dirk, Tümer, Zeynep, Eggermann, Thoma, Mackay, Deborah J. G, Riccio, Andrea, Maher, Eamonn R., Kalish, Jennifer M., Foster, Alison C., Boonen, Susanne E., Kilby, Mark D., Kratz, Christian P., Ladusans, Edmund J., Bouc, Yves Le, Maas, Saskia M., MacDonald, Fiona, Hennekam, Raoul C., Mackay, Deborah J.G., Maher, Eamonn [0000-0002-6226-6918], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome, Consensus, DNA Copy Number Variations, Reproductive Techniques, Assisted, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Library science, 32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Translational research, 030105 genetics & heredity, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Bildung, 03 medical and health sciences, Rare Diseases, Endocrinology, Prenatal Diagnosis, Humans, Medicine, media_common.cataloged_instance, Pediatric nephrology, Child growth, European union, 3202 Clinical Sciences, media_common, Pediatric, business.industry, European research, Expert consensus, DNA Methylation, Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal, National health service, 3. Good health, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, business
Abstract

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), a human genomic imprinting disorder, is characterized by phenotypic variability that might include overgrowth, macroglossia, abdominal wall defects, neonatal hypoglycaemia, lateralized overgrowth and predisposition to embryonal tumours. Delineation of the molecular defects within the imprinted 11p15.5 region can predict familial recurrence risks and the risk (and type) of embryonal tumour. Despite recent advances in knowledge, there is marked heterogeneity in clinical diagnostic criteria and care. As detailed in this Consensus Statement, an international consensus group agreed upon 72 recommendations for the clinical and molecular diagnosis and management of BWS, including comprehensive protocols for the molecular investigation, care and treatment of patients from the prenatal period to adulthood. The consensus recommendations apply to patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann spectrum (BWSp), covering classical BWS without a molecular diagnosis and BWS-related phenotypes with an 11p15.5 molecular anomaly. Although the consensus group recommends a tumour surveillance programme targeted by molecular subgroups, surveillance might differ according to the local health-care system (for example, in the United States), and the results of targeted and universal surveillance should be evaluated prospectively. International collaboration, including a prospective audit of the results of implementing these consensus recommendations, is required to expand the evidence base for the design of optimum care pathways. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), a human genomic imprinting disorder, is characterized by phenotypic variability that might include overgrowth, macroglossia, abdominal wall defects, neonatal hypoglycaemia, lateralized overgrowth and predisposition to embryonal tumours. Delineation of the molecular defects within the imprinted 11p15.5 region can predict familial recurrence risks and the risk (and type) of embryonal tumour. Despite recent advances in knowledge, there is marked heterogeneity in clinical diagnostic criteria and care. As detailed in this Consensus Statement, an international consensus group agreed upon 72 recommendations for the clinical and molecular diagnosis and management of BWS, including comprehensive protocols for the molecular investigation, care and treatment of patients from the prenatal period to adulthood. The consensus recommendations apply to patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann spectrum (BWSp), covering classical BWS without a molecular diagnosis and BWS-related phenotypes with an 11p15.5 molecular anomaly. Although the consensus group recommends a tumour surveillance programme targeted by molecular subgroups, surveillance might differ according to the local health-care system (for example, in the United States), and the results of targeted and universal surveillance should be evaluated prospectively. International collaboration, including a prospective audit of the results of implementing these consensus recommendations, is required to expand the evidence base for the design of optimum care pathways.

Published
2018
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13. Mutations in SNORD118 cause the cerebral microangiopathy leukoencephalopathy with calcifications and cysts

Author

Elliott H. Sherr, Edward Blair, Charles Marques Lourenço, James O'Sullivan, Imke Metz, Paul R. Kasher, Gabriela M. Baerlocher, Adeline Vanderver, David Cassiman, Himanshu Goel, Nicholas A. Fletcher, Patrick Ferreira, Patrick Revy, Emma Wakeling, Ram L. Kumar, Lieven Lagae, Christopher J. Kershaw, Pierre Landrieu, Andrea Whitney, Calvin Soh, Christine E. G. van Mol, Sakkubai Naidu, John H. Livingston, Geraldine Aubert, H. Stewart, Laurence C. Goosey, Liesbeth De Waele, Kristin W. Barañano, Rosalind J. Jefferson, Axel Panzer, Gerardine Quaghebeur, Raphael Schiffmann, Yanick J. Crow, Hilde Van Esch, Raymond T. O'Keefe, Jill E. Urquhart, Alan Fryer, Mathieu P Rodero, Alex J. Fay, Monika Haubitz, Andrea Berger, Johannes A. Buckard, Cheryl Hemingway, Angela Barnicoat, Sam Griffiths-Jones, Duccio Maria Cordelli, Imelda Hughes, Katrin Õunap, Graham D. Pavitt, Roberta Battini, Yoann Rose, Marjo S. van der Knaap, Sanjeev S. Bhaskar, John Stone, Gillian I. Rice, Marco Henneke, Kanaga R. Sinnathuray, Emma M. Jenkinson, Timothy J. Malpas, Simon G. Williams, Anthony Oojageer, Carolina Uggenti, Rosaline Caumes, Prab Prabhakar, Sarju G. Mehta, Janice E. Brunstrom-Hernandez, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine (MCGM), Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), University of Manchester [Manchester]-University of Manchester [Manchester]-Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health [Manchester, UK], University of Manchester [Manchester]-Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust (MFT)-St Mary's Hospital Manchester, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (LCBPT - UMR 8601), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Manchester [Manchester], Department of Medical Genetics, HMNC Brain Health, Other departments, Jenkinson, Emma M., Rodero, Mathieu P., Kasher, Paul R., Uggenti, Carolina, Oojageer, Anthony, Goosey, Laurence C., Rose, Yoann, Kershaw, Christopher J., Urquhart, Jill E., Williams, Simon G., Bhaskar, Sanjeev S., O'Sullivan, Jame, Baerlocher, Gabriela M., Haubitz, Monika, Aubert, Geraldine, Barañano, Kristin W., Barnicoat, Angela J., Battini, Roberta, Berger, Andrea, Blair, Edward M., Brunstrom-Hernandez, Janice E., Buckard, Johannes A., Cassiman, David M., Caumes, Rosaline, Cordelli, Duccio M., De Waele, Liesbeth M., Fay, Alexander J., Ferreira, Patrick, Fletcher, Nicholas A., Fryer, Alan E., Goel, Himanshu, Hemingway, Cheryl A., Henneke, Marco, Hughes, Imelda, Jefferson, Rosalind J., Kumar, Ram, Lagae, Lieven, Landrieu, Pierre G., Lourenço, Charles M., Malpas, Timothy J., Mehta, Sarju G., Metz, Imke, Naidu, Sakkubai, Õunap, Katrin, Panzer, Axel, Prabhakar, Prab, Quaghebeur, Gerardine, Schiffmann, Raphael, Sherr, Elliott H., Sinnathuray, Kanaga R., Soh, Calvin, Stewart, Helen S., Stone, John, Van Esch, Hilde, Van Mol, Christine E. G., Vanderver, Adeline, Wakeling, Emma L., Whitney, Andrea, Pavitt, Graham D., Griffiths-Jones, Sam, Rice, Gillian I., Revy, Patrick, Van Der Knaap, Marjo S., Livingston, John H., O'Keefe, Raymond T., Crow, Yanick J., Pediatric surgery, and Amsterdam Neuroscience - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Genetic Linkage, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Ribosome biogenesis, medicine.disease_cause, Leukoencephalopathy, Leukoencephalopathie, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Leukoencephalopathies, Exome, Small nucleolar RNA, 610 Medicine & health, Child, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Genetics, Mutation, Genome, Cysts, Calcinosis, Middle Aged, Phenotype, Child, Preschool, Calcinosi, Female, Sequence Analysis, Human, Adult, Adolescent, Biology, Chromosomes, Cell Line, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, medicine, RNA, Small Nucleolar, Humans, Preschool, Gene, Small Nucleolar, Genome, Human, Pair 17, RNA, Infant, Sequence Analysis, DNA, DNA, Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17, medicine.disease, Cerebral Small Vessel Disease, 030104 developmental biology, Cyst, Cohort Studie, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Although ribosomes are ubiquitous and essential for life, recent data indicate that monogenic causes of ribosomal dysfunction can confer a remarkable degree of specificity in terms of human disease phenotype. Box C/D small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved non-protein-coding RNAs involved in ribosome biogenesis. Here we show that biallelic mutations in the gene SNORD118, encoding the box C/D snoRNA U8, cause the cerebral microangiopathy leukoencephalopathy with calcifications and cysts (LCC), presenting at any age from early childhood to late adulthood. These mutations affect U8 expression, processing and protein binding and thus implicate U8 as essential in cerebral vascular homeostasis.

Published
2016
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