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INTRODUCTION The current guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology outlined electrocardiographic (ECG) differentiation of the site of origin (SoO) in patients with idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias (IVAs). OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare 3 ECG algorithms for differentiating the SoO and to determine their diagnostic value for the management of outflow tract IVA. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed 202 patients (mean age [SD]: 45 [16.7] years; 133 women [66%]) with IVAs with the inferior axis (130 premature ventricular contractions or ventricular tachycardias from the right ventricular outflow tract [RVOT]; 72, from the left ventricular outflow tract [LVOT]), who underwent successful radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) using the 3‑dimensional electroanatomical system. The ECGs before ablation were analyzed using custom‑developed software. Automated measurements were performed for the 3 algorithms: 1) novel transitional zone (TZ) index, 2) V2S/V3R, and 3) V2 transition ratio. The results were compared with the SoO of acutely successful RFCA. RESULTS The V2S/V3R algorithm predicted the left‑sided SoO with a sensitivity and specificity close to 90%. The TZ index showed higher sensitivity (93%) with lower specificity (85%). In the subgroup with the transition zone in lead V3 (n = 44, 15 from the LVOT) the sensitivity and specificity of the V2-transition‑ratio algorithm were 100% and 45%, respectively. The combined TZ index+V2S/V3R algorithm (LVOT was considered only when both algorithms suggested the LVOT SoO) can increase the specificity of the LVOT SoO prediction to 98% with a sensitivity of 88%. CONCLUSIONS The combined TZ‑index and V2S/V3R algorithm allowed an accurate and simple identification of the SoO of IVA. A prospective study is needed to determine the strategy for skipping the RVOT mapping in patients with LVOT arrhythmias indicated by the 2 combined algorithms.

Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) is an established effective method for the treatment of typical cavo-tricuspid isthmus (CTI)-dependent atrial flutter (AFL). The introduction of 3-dimensional electro-anatomic systems enables RFCA without fluoroscopy (No-X-Ray [NXR]). The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of CTI RFCA during implementation of the NXR approach and the maximum voltage-guided (MVG) technique for ablation of AFL. Data were obtained from prospective standardized multicenter ablation registry. Consecutive patients with the first RFCA for CTI-dependent AFL were recruited. Two navigation approaches (NXR and fluoroscopy based as low as reasonable achievable [ALARA]) and 2 mapping and ablation techniques (MVG and pull-back technique [PBT]) were assessed. NXR + MVG (n = 164; age: 63.7 ± 9.5; 30% women), NXR + PBT (n = 55; age: 63.9 ± 10.7; 39% women); ALARA + MVG (n = 36; age: 64.2 ± 9.6; 39% women); and ALARA + PBT (n = 205; age: 64.7 ± 9.1; 30% women) were compared, respectively. All groups were simplified with a 2-catheter femoral approach using 8-mm gold tip catheters (Osypka AG, Germany or Biotronik, Germany) with 15 min of observation. The MVG technique was performed using step-by-step application by mapping the largest atrial signals within the CTI. Bidirectional block in CTI was achieved in 99% of all patients (P = NS, between groups). In NXR + MVG and NXR + PBT groups, the procedure time decreased (45.4 ± 17.6 and 47.2 ± 15.7 min vs. 52.6 ± 23.7 and 59.8 ± 24.0 min, P

Although the "near-zero-X-Ray" or "No-X-Ray" catheter ablation (CA) approach has been reported for treatment of various arrhythmias, few prospective studies have strictly used "No-X-Ray," simplified 2-catheter approaches for CA in patients with supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). We assessed the feasibility of a minimally invasive, nonfluoroscopic (MINI) CA approach in such patients.Data were obtained from a prospective multicenter CA registry of patients with regular SVTs. After femoral access, 2 catheters were used to create simple, 3D electroanatomic maps and to perform electrophysiologic studies. Medical staff did not use lead aprons after the first 10 MINI CA cases.A total of 188 patients (age, 45 ± 21 years; 17%19 years; 55% women) referred for the No-X-Ray approach were included. They were compared to 714 consecutive patients referred for a simplified approach using X-rays (age, 52 ± 18 years; 7%19 years; 55% women). There were 9 protocol exceptions that necessitated the use of X-rays. Ultimately, 179/188 patients underwent the procedure without fluoroscopy, with an acute success rate of 98%. The procedure times (63 ± 26 vs. 63 ± 29 minutes, P0.05), major complications (0% vs. 0%, P0.05) and acute (98% vs. 98%, P0.05) and long-term (93% vs. 94%, P0.05) success rates were similar in the "No-X-Ray" and control groups.Implementation of a strict "No-X-Ray, simplified 2-catheter" CA approach is safe and effective in majority of the patients with SVT. This modified approach for SVTs should be prospectively validated in a multicenter study.