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Physiognomic color responses in perception, imagery, and affect were investigated. Maluma and taketa, nonsense stimuli defined by many investigators as physiognomic, were utilized as prototypical physiognomic stimuli, along with eight other stimuli of various sorts. In Experiment 1, 22 subjects matched the colors of the stimuli; in Experiment 2, 27 subjects reported their imagery to the stimuli; and in Experiment 3, 16 subjects gave their color preferences for the stimuli. The Munsell sets of colors were employed throughout. Significant differences between the physiognomic and other stimuli were found on the brightness and saturation of color matches, images, and preferences. Other differences (e.g., the latency of color images) were also present. Distinctions were also noted between the two physiognomic stimuli. These results support the priority of innate and perceptual processes in physiognomy over those of learning and memory, although some ambiguities still remain.

A patient with primary aldosteronism is presented. Renal biopsy in this patient showed no increase in granules of the juxtaglomerular cells. In contrast, hypergranular juxtaglomerular cells as an indication of increased renin secretion have been observed in the kidneys of patients with secondary aldosteronism. It is suggested that renal biopsy and study of the juxtaglomerular apparatus may be useful in the differential diagnosis of primary and secondary aldosteronism.