1. Publisher Correction: SARS-CoV-2 infection of human ACE2-transgenic mice causes severe lung inflammation and impaired function
- Author
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James T. Earnest, Julie M. Fox, Jon H. Ritter, Rita E. Chen, Natasha M. Kafai, Richard D. Head, Annette Robichaud, Broc T. McCune, Adam L. Bailey, Sarah Dort, Michael J. Holtzman, Shamus P. Keeler, Emma S. Winkler, Liang I. Kang, Michael S. Diamond, Jinsheng Yu, and Sharmila Nair
- Subjects
Male ,Genetically modified mouse ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Neutrophils ,T-Lymphocytes ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Pneumonia, Viral ,Immunology ,Mice, Transgenic ,Inflammation ,Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ,Lymphocyte Activation ,Virus Replication ,Monocytes ,Betacoronavirus ,Interferon-gamma ,Mice ,Chlorocebus aethiops ,Leukocytes ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Promoter Regions, Genetic ,Pandemics ,Vero Cells ,Lung ,Keratin-18 ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,NF-kappa B ,COVID-19 ,Antimicrobial responses ,Pneumonia ,Publisher Correction ,Virology ,Immunity, Innate ,Disease Models, Animal ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neutrophil Infiltration ,Interferon Type I ,Female ,Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ,medicine.symptom ,Coronavirus Infections ,business ,Function (biology) - Abstract
Although animal models have been evaluated for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, none have fully recapitulated the lung disease phenotypes seen in humans who have been hospitalized. Here, we evaluate transgenic mice expressing the human angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor driven by the cytokeratin-18 (K18) gene promoter (K18-hACE2) as a model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Intranasal inoculation of SARS-CoV-2 in K18-hACE2 mice results in high levels of viral infection in lungs, with spread to other organs. A decline in pulmonary function occurs 4 days after peak viral titer and correlates with infiltration of monocytes, neutrophils and activated T cells. SARS-CoV-2-infected lung tissues show a massively upregulated innate immune response with signatures of nuclear factor-κB-dependent, type I and II interferon signaling, and leukocyte activation pathways. Thus, the K18-hACE2 model of SARS-CoV-2 infection shares many features of severe COVID-19 infection and can be used to define the basis of lung disease and test immune and antiviral-based countermeasures.
- Published
- 2020
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