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To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Malocclusion Impact Questionnaire (MIQ) into Chinese and to assess the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the MIQ (MIQ/C) for use among adolescents with malocclusion in China. First, the MIQ/C was developed according to international guidelines. Then, the MIQ/C was filled out by 536 adolescents between 10 and 16 years of age. This study used exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), convergent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability to evaluate the psychometric properties of the MIQ/C. Following EFA, three domains were extracted, accounting for 65.950% of the total variance. The CFA results showed that the fit indices of each factor in the three-factor model all reached the standard (chi-square/DF = 2.591, GFI = 0.919, TLI = 0.926, CFI = 0.928, RMSEA = 0.076). The scale evidenced a good relationship with the two global questions, indicating good convergent validity. The Cronbach alpha value and the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) value of the MIQ/C were 0.929 and 0.893, respectively. The MIQ/C demonstrated good reliability and validity and can be further studied and applied in Chinese adolescents with malocclusion. The MIQ/C can be applied to assess the psychosocial impact of malocclusion among Chinese adolescents.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in men and the second most common cancer in women worldwide. CRC is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Although some progress in the treatment of CRC has been achieved, the molecular mechanism of CRC is still unclear. In this study, alcohol dehydrogenase 1C(ADH1C) was first identified as a target gene closely associated with the development of CRC by the comprehensive application of transcriptomics, proteomics, metabonomics and in silico analysis. The ADH1C mRNA and protein expression in CRC cell lines and tumor tissues was lower than that in normal intestinal epithelial cell lines and healthy tissues. Overexpression of ADH1C inhibited the growth, migration, invasion and colony formation of CRC cell lines and prevented the growth of xenograft tumors in nude mice. The inhibitory effects of ADH1C on CRC cells in vitro were exerted by reducing the expression of PHGDH/PSAT1 and the serine level. This inhibition could be partially reversed by adding serine to the culture medium. These results showed that ADH1C is a potential drug target in CRC.

Two new prenylaromadendrane-type diterpenoids, and three known analogues, were isolated from the ethanol extract of the gum resin of

PURPOSE：This study was aimed to investigate the effect of malocclusion on self-esteem of children aging 8 to 10 years in Chongqing. METHODS：According to the standards of the Fourth National Oral Health Epidemiological sampling survey，a multistage, stratified, cluster, and random sampling method was used to select 1 588 children from 12 schools in 3 districts and 3 counties in Chongqing. The part of tooth health of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) was used to evaluate malocclusion. The aesthetic part of the IOTN was used to evaluate the subjective orthodontic treatment need. The Harter's Self-perception Profile for Children was used to evaluate the self-esteem. The data were analyzed with SPSS 20.0 software package. RESULTS: Subjective orthodontic treatment need IOTN-AC(moderate severe), overjet (severe: 6-9 mm,9 mm), anterior crossbite, open bite, caries located in the anterior tooth area were negatively correlated with self-esteem(P0.05). CONCLUSIONS： Subjective orthodontic treatment need and malocclusion, especially the types that have great influence on beauty obviously affect children's self-esteem. It is necessary to increase the investment and education of early orthodontic intervention.

Background The purpose of the study was to investigate whether dynamic monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) level might be as predictors of perceived pain during the first and second phacoemulsification eye surgeries in patients with bilateral cataract. Methods Consecutive bilateral cataract patients undergoing bilateral sequential phacoemulsification were retrospectively enrolled. Patients’ preoperative anxiety score and intraoperative pain score were registered. Aqueous humor samples were obtained during surgery. MCP-1 level in the aqueous humor was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa). Patients were assigned to seven subgroups based on the interval between first-eye and second-eye cataract surgery. Comparisons were performed for a subjective sensation and MCP-1 levels among different subgroups. Results pain score during second-eye surgery was significantly higher than during first-eye surgery. Whereas there was no statistical difference in anxiety score between both surgeries. Result from subgroups comparison showed that the visual analog scale (VAS) pain score was statistically greater in 1-group and 6-group during the second eye surgery. Anxiety score did not statistically differ in subgroups. Additionally, the second-eye MCP-1 level was significantly higher at week 1and 6 intervals. Preoperative MCP-1 level was positively correlated with perceiving pain score during both surgeries. Conclusions MCP-1 level in aqueous humor significantly correlated with perceived pain during cataract surgery. Dynamic MCP-1 level could function as predictors of perceived pain during the first and second phacoemulsification eye surgeries in patients with bilateral cataract, which might support clinicians in treatment optimization and clinical decision-making.

Objective: To compare the clinical effect of the self-made wire-rope button plate and cortical screw in the treatment of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis separation. Methods: Total 26 patients with distal tibiofibular syndesmosis separation were treated with internal fixation with a self-made wire-rope button plate and cortical screw. They were divided into a self-made wire-rope button plate group and cortical screw group. self-made wire-rope button plate group: 12 cases of inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis were reconstructed by self-made wire-rope button plate. Cortical screw group: 14 cases of inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis were reconstructed by cortical screw. The follow-up data of 2, 6, 12 weeks and 6 and 12 months after operation were collected. Results: There was no significant difference in operative time, the amount of intraoperative bleeding and postoperative complications between the two groups (P > 0.05). Comparison of postoperative complications: There was no loosening and rupturing of internal fixation in the self-made wire-rope button plate group. In the cortical screw group, the rupture of screws was found in 1 case, which occurred in the 10th weeks after the operation, and the broken screws were removed after 1 year with other internal fixations. Within 12 weeks of reoperation to remove the internal fixation rate: There was a significant difference in the rate of reoperation to remove the internal fixation within 12 weeks (p < 0.05). At the last follow-up, the AOFAS score of the ankle joint were 94 ± 4.79 in the self-made wire-rope button plate group and 92.8 ± 6.73 in the cortical screw group. There was no significant difference (P > 0. 05). Conclusion: The self-made wire-rope button plate and cortical screw can effectively treat the separation of the tibiofibular syndesmosis. It provides a new choice for the treatment of inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis.

6-Shogaol, an active phenolic compound from ginger (Zingiber officinale), can inhibit the growth of a variety of human cancer cells. Nevertheless, its underlying molecular mechanisms in cervical cancer remain unclear. In this study, we systematically examine the inhibitory effect of 6-shogaol on cervical cancer in vitro and in vivo.Cell proliferation was assessed by CCK8 assay and colony formation assay in HeLa and SiHa cells. We analyzed cell cycle and apoptosis through flow cytometry. GFP-LC3 puncta and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe autophagic bodies. Wound-healing assay and transwell assay were used for evaluating the migration of cells. Western blot was applied to detect protein expression levels.6-Shogaol could suppress cell proliferation and migration, cause cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase in HeLa and SiHa cells. Moreover, 6-shogaol triggered the apoptosis process through the mitochondrial pathway by downregulating the expression levels of p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR. Further research indicated that the induction of apoptosis by 6-shogaol was remarkably decreased after the treatment of ROS scavenger and PI3K agonist. Additionally, 6-shogaol increased the number of LC3-positive puncta and autophagic bodies per cell in both HeLa and SiHa cells. Pretreatment of cells with Bafilomycin A1, an autophagy inhibitor, accelerated 6-shogaol mediated cell apoptosis, suggesting that induction of autophagy by 6-shogaol is suppressive to apoptosis. Furthermore, in vivo data revealed that 6-shogaol significantly inhibited tumor growth and cell proliferation in tumor tissues.These findings suggested that 6-shogaol could be developed as a functional food ingredient, which is potentially used as therapeutic agents for patients with cervical cancer.

To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) among Chinese dental students.Students' perceptions of the educational environment were evaluated using the Chinese version of the 50-item DREEM. When they accomplished the questionnaires, the collected data were analyzed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale. Reliability was analyzed by internal consistency and split half reliability, and validity was analyzed by exploratory factor analysis and convergent validity. The data were analyzed by reliability and validity test using SPSS 22.0 software package.A total of 260 dental students were enrolled in this study. All the DREEM questionnaires were completely filled out. The Cronbach's α, split-half reliability of the scale was 0.936, 0.816. By factor analysis of construct validity, the 50 items were classified into 5 domains, the cumulative proportion was 47.071%. The scale had certain logical relation between the items in the same domains. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient of the scale was between 0.447 and 0.556.With satisfactory psychometric properties, DREEM is suitable for assessing educational environments among Chinese dental students.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in archival head and neck cancer (HNC) collected from the Tong-Liao area, which is located in east Inner Mongolia, China. Methods: The presence of HPV in 54 HNCs and 25 benign biopsies was detected and the sequence variation of the E6 gene in HPV-positive samples was analyzed to determine their lineage/sublineage classification. Results: HPV was detected in only 4 out of 54 HNCs and no benign biopsies were found to be HPV-positive. After further p16INK4a immunostaining, only 3 cases of HNC were positive for both HPV and p16INK4a. Phylogenetic analysis of the isolated E6 gene shows that the HPV 16, HPV 31, and HPV 58 isolated in this study belong to lineage A. Conclusions: The prevalence of HPV in HNC from this area is very low. The lineage/sublineage classification of the 3 HPV types in HNC in this area is consistent with the previous reported data of HPV lineage distribution in cervical cancer within China.

Objectives To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of audiovisual distraction on reducing dental anxiety in children during dental treatment under local anesthesia. Methods The authors identified eligible reports published through August 2017 by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Clinical trials that reported the effects of audiovisual distraction on children's physiological measures, self-reports, and behavior rating scales during dental treatment met the minimum inclusion requirements. The authors extracted data and performed a meta-analysis of appropriate articles. Results Nine eligible trials were included and qualitatively analyzed; some of these trials were also quantitatively analyzed. Among the physiological measures, heart rate or pulse rate was significantly lower (p = .01) in children subjected to audiovisual distraction during dental treatment under local anesthesia than in those who were not; a significant difference in oxygen saturation was not observed. The majority of the studies using self-reports and behavior rating scales suggested that audiovisual distraction was beneficial in reducing anxiety perception and improving children's cooperation during dental treatment. Conclusion The audiovisual distraction approach effectively reduces dental anxiety among children. Therefore, we suggest the use of audiovisual distraction when children need dental treatment under local anesthesia.

Malocclusion is a common oral disease affecting children with various reported prevalence rates. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the epidemiological characteristics of malocclusion among pre-schoolers in mainland China from 1988 to 2017. A total of 31 qualified papers describing 51,100 Chinese children aged 2–7 years were selected. The pooled malocclusion prevalence was 45.50% (95% confidence interval (CI): 38.08–52.81%) with 26.50% Class I (CI: 19.96–33.12%), 7.97% Class II (CI: 6.06–9.87%) and 12.60% Class III (CI: 9.45–15.68%) cases. The most common type of malocclusion was overbite (33.66%, CI: 27.66–39.67%), and the flush terminal type (47.10%, CI: 28.76–65.44%) was the most common in the terminal plane relationship. An increasing trend and wide variations across the country were observed. Additionally, there was no significant difference in malocclusion by gender (relative risk (RR) = 1.01, [0.96–1.06]) or urban/rural area (RR = 0.99, [0.82–1.20]). Although this study represents a narrow view of deciduous-dentition malocclusion in mainland China, the results provide sample evidence that can aid clinicians and policy makers towards early prevention and timely treatment.

To validate the Pain Resilience Scale (PRS) for use in Chinese patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) pain. According to international guidelines, the original PRS was first translated and cross-culturally adapted to formulate the Chinese version of PRS (PRS-C). A total of 152 patients with TMD pain were recruited to complete series of questionnaires. Reliability of the PRS-C was investigated using internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Validity of the PRS-C was calculated using cross-cultural validity and convergent validity. Cross-cultural validity was evaluated by examining the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). And convergent validity was examined through correlating the PRS-C scores with scores of 2 commonly used pain-related measures (the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale [CD-RISC] and the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia for Temporomandibular Disorders [TSK-TMD]). The PRS-C had a high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.92) and good test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.81). The CFA supported a 2-factor model for the PRS-C with acceptable fit to the data. The fit indices were chi-square/DF = 2.21, GFI = 0.91, TLI = 0.97, CFI = 0.98 and RMSEA = 0.08. As regards convergent validity, the PRS-C evidenced moderate-to-good relationships with the CD-RISC and the TSK-TMD. The PRS-C shows good psychometric properties and could be considered as a reliable and valid measure to evaluate pain-related resilience in patients with TMD pain.

Secretomes produced by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were considered to be therapeutic potential. However, harvesting enough primary MSCs from tissue was time-consuming and costly, which impeded the application of MSCs secretomes. This study was to immortalize MSCs and compare the secretomes profile of immortalized and original MSCs. Human dental follicle cells (DFCs) were isolated and immortalized using pMPH86. The secretome profile of immortalized DFCs (iDFCs) was investigated and compared using iTRAQ labeling combined with mass spectrometry (MS) quantitative proteomics. The MS data was analyzed using ProteinPilotTM software, and then bioinformatic analysis of identified proteins was done. A total of 2092 secreted proteins were detected in conditioned media of iDFCs. Compared with primary DFCs, 253 differently expressed proteins were found in iDFCs secretome (142 up-regulated and 111 down-regulated). Intensive bioinformatic analysis revealed that the majority of secreted proteins were involved in cellular process, metabolic process, biological regulation, cellular component organization or biogenesis, immune system process, developmental process, response to stimulus and signaling. Proteomic profile of cell secretome wasn’t largely affected after immortalization converted by this piggyBac immortalization system. The secretome of iDFCs may be a good candidate of primary DFCs for regenerative medicine.

To investigate the degree of satisfaction with educational environment among dental students in College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University.In 2017, students' perceptions of the educational environment were evaluated using the 50-item DREEM. SPSS 24.0 software package was used for statistical analysis.A total of 260 valid questionnaires were recovered. The total Cronbach's α coefficient of DREEM was 0.915, and the total score of the DREEM was 164.99±19.53.The DREEM showed excellent internal consistency for the overall scores, and the education environment of dental education in our college is at a very good level.

Objective To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Craniofacial Pain and Disability Inventory (CF-PDI) into Chinese and, to evaluate measurement properties of the web-based version of the CF-PDI. Methods The Chinese version (CF-PDI/C) was first produced according the guidelines. Then, the web-based version of CF-PDI/C (eCF-PDI/C) was developed by our team and a third-party survey provider. The eCF-PDI/C was distributed to patients with painful temporomandibular disorders (TMD) with or without headache to evaluate its psychometric properties. The reliability of the eCF-PDI/C was detected by internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The validity of the measure was performed through construct validity and convergent validity. Results A total of 206 patients were recruited. The Cronbach's α value and the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) value of the eCF-PDI/C was .912 and .82, respectively. Following exploratory factor analysis (EFA), three factors were extracted, accounting for 77.153% of the total variation. With regard to the convergent validity, the measure evidenced a good relationship with the global health question. Conclusions The eCF-PDI/C displays good reliability and validity through rigorous performance tests. This can be recommended for use among patients with painful TMD with or without headache.

Preoperative planning for children with congenital heart diseases remains crucial and challenging. This study aimed to investigate the roles of three-dimensional printed patient-specific heart models in the presurgical planning for complex congenital heart disease. From May 2017 to January 2018, 15 children diagnosed with complex congenital heart disease were included in this study. Heart models were printed based on computed tomography (CT) imaging reconstruction by a 3D printer with photosensitive resin using the stereolithography apparatus technology. Surgery options were first evaluated by a sophisticated cardiac surgery group using CT images only, and then surgical plans were also set up based on heart models. Fifteen 3D printed heart models were successfully generated. According to the decisions based on CT, 13 cases were consistent with real options, while the other 2 were not. According to 3D printed heart models, all the 15 cases were consistent with real options. Unfortunately, one child diagnosed with complete transposition of great arteries combined with interruption of aortic arch (type A) died 5 days after operation due to postoperative low cardiac output syndrome. The cardiologists, especially the younger ones, considered that these 3D printed heart models with tangible, physical and comprehensive illustrations were beneficial for preoperative planning of complex congenital heart diseases. 3D printed heart models are beneficial and promising in preoperative planning for complex congenital heart diseases, and are able to help conform or even improve the surgery options.

To assess dental treatment under dental general anesthesia (DGA) among Chinese preschool children by investigating changes in their oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), the incidence of postoperative complications, and parental satisfaction. A single-center prospective cohort study was conducted. A total of 190 children who received treatment for early childhood caries (ECC) under DGA were included. The primary outcome was a change in the children’s OHRQoL at 1 month after the operation compared to that at baseline, which was measured by the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS). The secondary outcomes were the incidence of complications within 1 day after treatment and parental satisfaction with the DGA treatment. In total, 180 participants were successfully reevaluated after the operation, yielding a 94.7% follow-up response rate. The total ECOHIS score decreased by 76.3% (P

This review aims to identify the dimensional structure of the shortened dentine hypersensitivity experience questionnaire (DHEQ-15) using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).The Chinese language version of DHEQ-15 was applied to 210 patients with dentine hypersensitivity aged 18-70 years old. The three-dimensional construct was confirmed by CFA.All the questionnaires were fully completed. The item "Because of the sensations, I take longer to finish a meal than others" was the most frequently reported by the parents. The modified three-factor model is suitable for the data. The chi-square fit statistics/degree of freedom was 2.213, the goodness-of-fit index was 0.905, the adjusted goodness-of-fit index was 0.872, the normed fit index was 0.845, the incremental fit index was 0.962, the Tucker-Lewis index was 0.969, the comparative fit index was 0.977, and the root mean square error of approximation was 0.068.Our findings generally support the three-dimensional construct of the DHEQ-15. Thus, DHEQ-15 can be used as a valid instrument in patients with dentine hypersensitivity in China.目的 应用验证性因素分析考评牙本质敏感影响程度量表简化版（DHEQ-15）的三维维度结构。方法 采用DHEQ-15中文版对210名18~70岁牙本质敏感患者进行生活质量调查。应用验证性因素分析测试构建的量表三维模型的适切性。结果 回收有效量表210份。量表条目中“因牙齿敏感比其他人吃饭时间更长”得分最高。修正模型的主要指标中，卡方/自由度=2.213，拟合指数=0.905，调整拟合指=0.872，标准拟合指数=0.845，增量拟合指数=0.962，塔克-刘易斯指数=0.969，比较拟合指数=0.977，误差平方根近似值=0.068，均达到模型拟合标准。结论 含有三因子的结构模型与数据拟合度较好，证实DHEQ-15具有良好的结构效度，可在国内牙本质敏感患者中进一步推广应用。.

In order to evaluate the pollution levels of and risk from heavy metals in the atmospheric deposition of different functional urban districts, dust samples were collected from 20 sampling sites in typical industrial, traffic, residential, and educational districts of Nanjing. The concentrations of As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Ti, V, and Zn were analyzed. The potential ecological risk and health risk were evaluated using the potential ecological risk index and U.S. EPA's health risk assessment models. Enrichment factors, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis were used to analyze the sources of heavy metals. Results showed that the concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn were the highest in the industrial district and the concentrations of Ba, Ni, Ti, and V were the highest in the traffic district. The value of the potential ecological risk index was the highest in the industrial district and lowest in the educational district. Meanwhile, the ecological risk of Cr was the highest, achieving a moderate ecological hazard level. None of the studied heavy metals had noncarcinogenic risk or carcinogenic risk, according to the results of health risk assessment. Source analysis indicated that heavy metals in the atmospheric deposition from the study areas were mainly from traffic and industrial activities, coal combustion, natural process and life sources.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the the Chinese version of the Oral Health Impact Profile for TMDs (OHIP-TMDs-C). Study Design: The OHIP-TMDs was initially translated and cross-culturally adapted to Chinese following international guidelines; then subsequently validated for the psychometric characteristics of reliability and validity. In total, 156 participants with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) were recruited to complete the questionnaire. The reliability of the OHIP-TMDs-C was evaluated using internal consistency and test-retest methods. The validity of the OHIP-TMDs-C was analysed by construct validity and convergent validity. Construct validity was determined based on factor analysis, and convergent validity by analyzing the correlation between OHIP-TMDs-C subscale scores and the global rating of oral health question. Results: Cronbach’s alpha value (internal reliability) for the total OHIP-TMDs-C score was 0.917 and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) value (test–retest reliability) was 0.899. Construct validity was determined by factor analysis, extracting five factors, accounting for 78.6% of the variance. All items had factor loadings above 0.40. In terms of convergent validity, the OHIP-TMDs-C subscale was significant correlated to the global oral health rating. Conclusions: The results suggest that the OHIP-TMDs-C has good reliability and validity and thus may be used as a valuable instrument for patients with TMDs in China. Key words:Validation, TMDs, quality of life, questionnaire.

The aim of this study was to validate the short form of the Dentine Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire (DHEQ-15) in Chinese patients with dentine hypersensitivity (DH).In total, 200 patients with DH were recruited to complete the questionnaire. The reliability of the DHEQ-15 was evaluated using internal consistency and test-retest methods. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to identify domains of the DHEQ-15. Convergent validity was determined by analyzing the correlation between DHEQ-15 subscale scores and the global rating of oral health question.Cronbach's alpha value (internal reliability) for the total DHEQ-15 score was 0.934 (higher to the original DHEQ-15' 0.924), and the intraclass correlation coefficient value (test-retest reliability) was 0.894 (lower to the original DHEQ-15' 0.939). The EFA identified three components with eigenvalues1, explaining 53.0, 17.1, and 12.3% of the variance, respectively, accounting for a total of 82.4% of the variance. The three components named 'restrictions' (three items), 'changes in eating habits' (six items), and 'emotions and identity' (six items). In terms of convergent validity, the DHEQ-15 subscale was significant highly negatively correlated to the global oral health rating.The results provide initial evidence that the DHEQ-15 can be properly used for assessment of patients with DH in China.

Increased plasma adrenomedullin level has been associated with critical illness. This study aimed to investigate the correlations of plasma adrenomedullin concentration with 3-month clinical outcomes and early neurological deterioration of patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage. One hundred fourteen patients and 112 healthy controls were recruited. Relationships of plasma adrenomedullin concentrations with early neurological deterioration, 3-month mortality and unfavorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale score >2) were evaluated. Plasma adrenomedullin concentrations were increased in patients than in healthy individuals and were highly associated with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores. A multivariate analysis selected plasma adrenomedullin concentration as an independent predictor for 3-month clinical outcomes and early neurological deterioration. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed plasma adrenomedullin concentration predicted 3-month clinical outcomes and early neurological deterioration with high area under curves. The predictive value of adrenomedullin was similar to that of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score. In a combined logistic-regression model, adrenomedullin did not improve the predictive value of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score. Thus, elevated plasma adrenomedullin concentration is highly associated with 3-month clinical outcomes and early neurological deterioration of patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage.

ObjectivesTo evaluate the success rates of dental procedures, the recurrence rates of caries and changes in oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children following treatment for early childhood caries (ECC) under dental general anaesthesia (DGA) in Chongqing, China.DesignA single-centre prospective cohort study conducted from December 2016 to June 2017.SettingA tertiary stomatological hospital in Chongqing, China.ParticipantsA total of 159 children aged 2–5 years who received treatment for ECC under DGA were included.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcomes were the success rates of dental procedures (the number of successful procedures divided by the total number of procedures) and the recurrence rates of caries. The success and recurrence rates were evaluated by a specialised examiner. The secondary outcome was the change in children’s OHRQoL after DGA treatment, which was measured with the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS).ResultsOverall, 117 children (73.6%) and 101 children (63.5%) participated in 6-month and 12-month clinical examinations, respectively, and 151 children (95.0%) completed OHRQoL surveys pretreatment and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months post-treatment. The resin composite, stainless steel crown, indirect pulp capping, pulpectomy, space maintenance and dental sealant success rates were 89.6%, 96.3%, 96.0%, 94.4%, 76.9% and 92.9%, respectively, at 6 months and 78.8%, 95.1%, 92.2%, 88.9%, 63.6% and 89.3%, respectively, at 12 months. 10 (8.5%) and 19 children (18.8%) developed recurrent caries within 6 and 12 months, respectively. Within 1 year of treatment, the total ECOHIS scores at each post-treatment time point were still significantly lower than those at pretreatment, although they had increased slowly over time.ConclusionsOverall, high success rates were obtained for the dental procedures, and the children’s OHRQoL significantly improved after treatment. However, there was a tendency towards caries relapse, and the children’s OHRQoL deteriorated over time.

ObjectiveWe investigated the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells (A2780, HO8910, and SKOV-3).MethodsCytotoxicity assay was performed to determine the optimal doses of DHA in this experiment. The effects of DHA on invasion ability were assessed by invasion assay. The expressions of messenger RNA and/or proteins associated with invasion or metastasis were detected by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction or Western blot. The effect of DHA on cell metastasis was assessed in xenograft model of zebrafish.ResultsDocosahexaenoic acid and α-linolenic acid could reduce the cell vitalities in dose-dependent manner. However, DHA inhibited the invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells, but α-linolenic acid did not (**P < 0.01). Docosahexaenoic acid could downregulate the expressions of WAVE3, vascular endothelial cell growth factor, and MMP-9, and upregulate KISS-1, TIMP-1, and PPAR-γ, which negatively correlated with cell invasion and metastasis (*P < 0.05). Docosahexaenoic acid restrained the development of subintestinal vessels and cancer cell metastasis in xenograft model of zebrafish (**P < 0.01).ConclusionsDocosahexaenoic acid inhibited the invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells in vitro and in vivo through the modulation of NF-κB signaling pathway, suggesting that DHA is a promising candidate for ovarian cancer therapy.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and the validity of the Chinese version of the Dentine Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire (DHEQ). After translation and cross-cultural adaptation following international guidelines, 110 patients with dentine hypersensitivity were recruited to complete the questionnaire. The reliability of the Chinese version of the DHEQ was evaluated using internal consistency and test-retest methods. Construct validity was determined based on factor analysis, discriminative validity (by comparing the subscale scores difference in the degree of sensitivity being investigated), and convergent validity (by analyzing the correlation between DHEQ subscale scores and the global rating of oral health question). Cronbach's alpha value (internal reliability) for the total DHEQ score was 0.95 and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) value (test-retest reliability) was 0.85. Construct validity was determined by factor analysis, extracting eight factors, accounting for 74% of the variance. All items had factor loadings of >0.40. In addition, the Chinese version of the DHEQ was found to be valid for distinguishing patients with varying degrees of dentine hypersensitivity. In terms of convergent validity, the impact scale was significantly highly correlated to the global oral health rating. The results suggest that the Chinese version of the DHEQ has satisfactory psychometric properties and is applicable for patients with dentine hypersensitivity in China.

This study was purposed to understand the infection of HBV, HCV, HIV among the voluntary blood donors and the epidemic trend in infectious population in Chinese Nanjing area, and to guide the mobilization and recruitment of blood donors. A total of 199777 whole blood samples of voluntary blood donors were tested by ELISA, the nucleic acid technology (NAT) combined detection (HBV-DNA, HCV-RNA, HIV-RNA) was added for detection of the samples with HBsAg,anti-HCV, anti-HIV at least unilateral negative donors from June 10, 2010 to June 9, 2013 years, and these statistic data were analyzed. Every HIV reactive sample(HIV-antibody and/or HIV-RNA) was sent to be confirmed in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Nanjing. The results showed that the voluntary donors' infection rate of HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV were 0.45%, 0.28%, 0.11% respectively; NAT positive rate was 0.07%, 32 cases were confirmed with anti-HIV positive, in which 30 cases were male (6 cases were repeated blood donors) and 2 cases were female, 3 cases were unconfirmed, in which 2 cases were males and 1 case was female. The statistical analysis demonstrated that the difference of unqualitative rate of HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV was statistically significant between the first-time and repeated blood donors.It is concluded that the positive rate of anti-HCV and anti-HIV displayed a declining trend year by year in Nanjing voluntary blood donation population from June 10,2010 to June 9, 2013 years. The unqualitative rate of HBsAg and NAT increased with the age increasing, while that of anti-HCV, anti-HIV decreased with age increasing. The unqualitative rate of the repeated blood donors is far lower than that of the first-time blood donors. The ELISA positive rate of anti-HIV testing in females is higher than that in males, but the confirmed positive rate of male is significantly higher than that of female. Therefore the consulting skills before donating should be improved, concerning the link of recruiting donors, focusing on strengthening the first-time donors' consultation, evaluating and developing the fixed voluntary blood donors, and vigorously popularizing NAT technology in blood screening to improve the blood safety effectively.

The aim of this study was to validate the Chinese version of the Summated Xerostomia Inventory (SXI). The English SXI was translated into Chinese, cross-cultural adaptation and pilot tested. The final Chinese version of SXI was tested in a consecutive sample of 212 patients with xerostomia. The reliability of the Chinese version of SXI was determined through internal consistency and test–retest methods. The construct validity of SXI was analysed by content validity, construct validity, and convergent validity. Cronbach’s alpha value for the SXI score was 0.798, and the test–retest intraclass correlation coefficient value for the SXI score was 0.837. Construct validity was proved by the presence of one-factor structure that accounted for 57.68 % of the variance and fitted well into the model. The correlation between the total score of the SXI and the global oral health question was 0.75, indicating very good correlation (P

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can self-renew and differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic and myogenic lineages. It's reported that bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) is one of the most potent osteogenic BMPs to initiate the commitment of MSCs to osteoblast lineage. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is critical for bone fracture healing and osteogenic differentiation in MSCs. However, the relationship between COX-2 and BMP9 in osteogenesis remains unknown. Herein, we investigate the role of COX-2 in BMP9-induced osteogenesis in MSCs. We demonstrate that COX-2 is up-regulated as a target of BMP9 in MSCs. Both COX-2 inhibitor (NS-398) and COX-2 knockdown siRNAs can effectively decrease alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities induced by BMP9 in MSCs. NS-398 also down-regulates BMP9-induced expression of osteopontin and osteocalcin, so does the matrix mineralization. The in vivo studies indicate that knockdown of COX-2 attenuates BMP9-induced ectopic bone formation. In perinatal limb culture assay, NS-398 is shown to reduce the hypertropic chondrocyte zone and ossification induced by BMP9. Mechanistically, knockdown of COX-2 significantly inhibits the BMP9 up-regulated expression of Runx2 and Dlx-5 in MSCs, which can be rescued by exogenous expression of COX-2. Furthermore, knockdown of COX-2 apparently reduces BMP9 induced BMPR-Smad reporter activity, the phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8, and the expression of Smad6 and Smad7 in MSCs. NS-398 blocks the expression of BMP9 mediated by BMP9 recombinant adenovirus. Taken together, our findings suggest that COX-2 plays an important role in BMP9 induced osteogenic differentiation in MSCs; BMP9 and COX-2 may form an important regulatory loop to orchestrate the osteogenic differentiation in MSCs.

The data of 72 cases of advanced schistosomiasis portal hypertension patients who received surgical treatment were retrospectively analyzed in the Fifth People's Hospital of Changde City from January, 1999 to January, 2011. Postoperative complications occurred in 17 cases, and the rate was 23.6%, including intra-abdominal bleeding in 2 cases, postoperative infection in 5 cases, recent upper gastrointestinal bleeding in 3 cases, massive ascites in 2 cases, persistent fever in 3 cases, and unusual increase of platelets and portal vein thrombosis in 2 cases.

Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and intracavity brachytherapy in comprehensive treatment for young patients with stage Ib2 cervical cancer. Methods: One hundred and twelve young patients with stage Ib2 cervical cancer were enrolled retrospectively in our hospital from January 2003 to June 2005. They were categorized into three groups according to preoperative regimens, including the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group (Group 1, n=38), the neoadjuvant chemotherapy (Group 2, n=49), and the intracavity brachytherapy group (Group 3, n=25). Radical hysterectomy was performed following these regimens. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy were given according to pelvic lymph node metastasis, deep cervical stromal invasion, intravascular cancer emboli, histological grading, vaginal stump and positive surgical margin. Results: The cancer disappearance and superficial muscle invasion rates were statistically significantly better in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group than in the other two groups (P

To assess the association between membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase gene (MT1-MMP, MMP14) polymorphisms and osteoporosis in Zhuang men from Baise region of Guangxi.Genotypes of 5 loci (rs1003349, rs3751488, rs2269213, rs2236303 and rs743257) of MMP14 gene in 301 Zhuang men were determined with single base extension methods, and bone mineral density (BMD) at left calcaneus was evaluated with quantitative ultrasound with measured values of broadband ultrasonic attenuation (BUA). The subjects were divided according to BMD into osteoporosis group, osteopenia group and normal bone density group.All selected loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P0.05). By multiple linear stepwise regression analysis, polymorphisms of the five loci were not associated with BUA. But a significant higher risk of osteoporosis was found in individuals with MMP14 rs1003349 GT genotype (vs. GG genotype; P0.05) and rs2236303 CC and CT genotypes (vs. TT genotype; P0.05). Genetic linkage between rs1003349 and rs2236303 was also discovered (D'= 0.839, r(2) = 0.458, P0.01). Compared with the normal bone density group, the frequency of a G-T haplotype of rs1003349 and rs2236303 was significantly lower in the osteoporosis group (P0.05). And the risk of osteoporosis for individuals with G-C and T-C haplotypes was 2.556 (95% CI: 1.029-6.349, P = 0.038) and 5.111 (95% CI: 1.341-19.485, P = 0.011) compared with G-T haplotype.Polymorphisms of rs1003349 and rs2236303 loci of MMP14 gene are associated with the susceptibility of osteoporosis in Zhuang men in Guangxi. G-C and T-C haplotypes for loci rs1003349 and rs2236303 may increase the disease risk.

This study aims to explore the relationship between spleen arterial blood flow (SBF) with platelet count, spleen index (SPI) and the serum nitric oxide (NO) level of patients with liver cirrhosis and to investigate the role of SBF in the development of hypersplenism.Platelet count, SPI, SBF and serum NO levels were evaluated in 100 patients with liver cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B with hypersplenism (cirrhosis group) and 30 healthy persons without hypersplenism (control group).Platelet count in cirrhosis group and control group was 57.0 +/- 25.6 x 109/L and 205.8 +/- 47.4 x 109/L (p = 0.000), SBF was 535.7 +/- 263.7 milmin and 172.2 +/- 66.9 ml/min (p = 0.000), and serum NO level was 98.51 +/- 23.06 micromol/L and 48.43 +/- 19.47 micromol/L (p = 0.000). Linear correlations were made between SBF and platelet count in cirrhosis group (r = -0.573, p = 0.000), SBF and SPI (r = 0.607, p = 0.01), SBF and serum NO level (r = 0.754, p = 0.000). Moreover, serum NO level increased as liver disease aggravated (82.50 +/- 15.04 pmol/L in Child grade A, 94.61 +/- 21.00 micromol/L in grade B and 116.83 +/- 18.03 micromol/L in grade C; grade A versus grade C, p = 0.003).The elevation of SBF may play an important role in the development of hypersplenism and disorders in vasoactive factors such as the serum NO caused by liver cirrhosis may play an important role in the elevation of SBF.

To determine the expression and clinical significance of transcriptional intermediary factor 1 gamma (TIF1γ), Smad4 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβR) across a spectrum representing colorectal cancer (CRC) development.Tissue microarrays were prepared from archival paraffin embedded tissue, including 51 colorectal carcinomas, 25 tubular adenomas (TA) and 26 HPs, each with matched normal colonic epithelium. Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies against TIF1γ, Smad4 and TGFβRII. The levels of expression were scored semi-quantitatively (score 0-3 or loss and retention for Smad4).Overexpression of TIF1γ was detected in 5/26 (19%) HP; however, it was seen in a significantly higher proportion of neoplasms, 15/25 (60%) TAs and 24/51 (47%) CRCs (P0.05). Normal colonic mucosa, HP, and TAs showed strong Smad4 expression, while its expression was absent in 22/51 (43%) CRCs. Overexpression of TGFβRII was more commonly seen in neoplasms, 13/25 (52%) TAs and 29/51 (57%) CRCs compared to 9/26 (35%) HP (P0.05). Furthermore, there was a correlation between TIF1γ overexpression and Smad4 loss in CRC (Kendall tau rank correlation value = 0.35, P0.05). The levels of TIF1γ overexpression were significantly higher in stage III than in stage I and II CRC (P0.05).The findings suggest that over-expression of TIF1γ occurs in early stages of colorectal carcinogenesis, is inversely related with Smad4 loss, and may be a prognostic indicator for poor outcome.

Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) has been found in association with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), mucinous cystic neoplasm, and other pancreatic lesions, but the characteristics of PanINs associated with these lesions are not well characterized. In this study, 185 partial or total pancreatectomy specimens were collected, and 173 had complete slides for reviewed, which included 74 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, 28 IPMNs, 7 mucinous cystic neoplasms, 44 other nonductal tumors, and 20 nontumorous lesions. Differences in grade, extent, and duct involvement among PanINs associated with different lesions were analyzed. Patients with PanINs were older than those without, regardless of associated tumor or lesions. No sex predilection was noted. PanINs were found in 89%, 96%, 86%, 64%, and 55% pancreata with ductal adenocarcinomas, IPMNs, mucinous cystic neoplasm, other nonductal tumors, and nontumorous lesions, respectively. PanIN 1 and 2 were commonly associated with all types of lesions, but high-grade PanIN 3 was more frequently associated with ductal adenocarcinomas. Ductal involvement of PanINs was more extensive in association with ductal adenocarcinomas than in any other types of pancreatic tumors or lesions. PanINs associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas affected both the main and branched ducts, whereas PanINs associated with other types of pancreatic tumors or lesions were mainly present in the branch ducts. No statistical differences were observed in distribution, extent, and grade of PanINs among IPMNs, mucinous cystic neoplasms, other nonductal tumors, and nontumorous lesions. Our study demonstrated a high concurrence between PanINs and other precancerous lesions and histologic features of PanINs associated with different pancreatic diseases.

To summarize clinical application result of the thoracodorsal artery perforator pedicled flap for repair of soft tissue defects on the ipsilateral upper limb.From September 2003 to May 2007, 8 patients (6 males and 2 females) with soft tissue defects on the ipsilateral upper limb underwent reconstruction with the thoracodorsal artery perforator pedicled flap. The age of patients was from 16- to 45-years-old with an average of 32 years. Of them, the recipient sites of 5 cases were located on the arm region, 3 cases on the forearm.The minor superficial infection of 1 case occurred on the recipient site after operation and the wound gradually healed by daily change dressings. All the flaps had survived completely and the postoperative course was uneventful with satisfactory clinical results. Follow-up period ranged for 9-38 months after operation (mean, 19 months). There was no remarkable donor site morbidity. All cases had good appearance on recipient site.The thoracodorsal artery perforator pedicled flap is thin and suitable for repair of soft tissue defect on the ipsilateral upper limb.

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main etiologic factor for cervical cancer (CC). To investigate the prevalence of HPV types in archival CC and its precursors collected form Tongliao area, which is located in the east of Inner Mongolian autonomous region, China, and compare the genotype distribution of HPV in cervical lesions between Han Chinese and Mongolian. Methods: The infections of HPV in a total of 175 cases of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples, including 71 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), 27 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), and 77 CC were detected by the combination of consensus primers nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and type-specific primers nested PCR. Results: Overall, HPV prevalence was 93.5% in CC, 92.6% in HSIL, and 63.4% in LSIL. Human papillomavirus 16 was the most predominant HPV type in all cervical lesions, detected in 83.1% of CC, 77.8% of HSIL, and 33.8% of LSIL. Human papillomavirus 45 was the second most predominant HPV type in CC (16.9%) and HSIL (11.1%). Human papillomavirus 33 was the second most predominant HPV type in LSIL (8.5%). Human papillomavirus 18, equal with HPV 45, was the second most common type in Mongolian CC (15.6%), whereas in Han Chinese specimens, no HPV 18 was found. Conclusions: The prevalence of HPV 45 in CC and HSIL in Tongliao area were relatively higher than other regions of China. Comparing the distribution of HPV types in Han Chinese and Mongolian, the prevalence of HPV 18 in CC from Mongolian was significantly higher than that in Han Chinese.

To evaluate the clinical effect of fluoride varnish in preventing caries of primary teeth, and to compare the caries prevention effects of fluoride varnish with two different concentrations.150 children whose ages were three year-old were randomly chosen from one of nurseries of Chongqing, and were randomly divided into four groups with 37 children in 0.5% fluoride varnish group, 38 children in 0.1% fluoride varnish group, 39 children in 0.5% sodium fluoride group and 36 children in blank group. The groups included 71 'girls and 79 boys. Protective measure was applied every half an year and the research has lasted for two years. The research was designed by double-blinded methods, and was carried out with the dental caries standard suggested by World Health Organization. All the data were collected and the clinical effects of four groups were compared.The average caries index and caries surface index of 0.1% fluoride varnish group and those of control groups were significantly higher than that of 0.5% fluoride varnish group. There were no significant difference between the average caries index and caries surface index of 0.1% fluoride varnish group and those of control groups.0.5% fluoride varnish was effective in preventing caries of primary teeth.

To study whether the anti-apoptotic action is reversed by tetrandrine in a combination with vincristine in human breast carcinoma MCF-7 multidrug-resistant cells.Chromatin condensation was observed by co-staining of fluorescent dyes Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide; and G1 sub-peak was detected by flow cytometry. Apoptotic cells were detected with TUNEL method. Cellular free ca2+ was determined with Fluo-3 staining method.Two types of chromatin condensation were observed after the sensitive and drug-resistant MCF-7 cells were treated with an antitumor drug vincristine 5 mumol.L-1 for 24 h. The number of cell with chromatin condensation was obviously reduced in the drug-resistant cells treated with the same concentration of vincristine, as compared with the sensitive MCF-7 cells. The number of the apoptotic cells was increased by a combination of non-cytotoxic tetrandrine 20 mumol.L-1 and vincristine in both the sensitive and drug-resistant cells, which was confirmed with fluorescent indication and TUNEL method. The increment of introcellular free Ca2+ level in the cells treated with tetrandrine in a combination of vincristine was detected with Fluo-3 staining method.The anti-apoptotic action of human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells can be effectively reversed by tetrandrine.