4 results on '"Jarra Manneh"'
Search Results
2. Invasive atypical non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars in The Gambia
- Author
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Nabil-Fareed Alikhan, Rasheed Salaudeen, Yekini Olatunji, Andrew J. Page, Jarra Manneh, Grant A. Mackenzie, Abdul Karim Sesay, Usman N. Ikumapayi, and Abdoulie Kanteh
- Subjects
Serotype ,Salmonella ,Population ,Virulence ,Pathogens and Epidemiology ,Biology ,Serogroup ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,Antibiotic resistance ,Case fatality rate ,medicine ,Humans ,education ,Research Articles ,Africa South of the Sahara ,whole genome sequencing ,education.field_of_study ,atypical serovar ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella ,General Medicine ,Salmonella Infections ,Gambia ,Gentamicin ,cytolethal distending toxin gene ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) disease continues to be a significant public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. Common clinical misdiagnosis, antimicrobial resistance, high case fatality and lack of a vaccine make iNTS a priority for global health research. Using whole genome sequence analysis of 164 invasive Salmonella isolates obtained through population-based surveillance between 2008 and 2016, we conducted genomic analysis of the serovars causing invasive Salmonella diseases in rural Gambia. The incidence of iNTS varied over time. The proportion of atypical serovars causing disease increased over time from 40 to 65 % compared to the typical serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium that decreased from 30 to 12 %. Overall iNTS case fatality was 10%, but case fatality associated with atypical iNTS alone was 10 %. Genetic virulence factors were identified in 14/70 (20 %) typical serovars and 45/68 (66 %) of the atypical serovars and were associated with: invasion, proliferation and/or translocation (Clade A); and host colonization and immune modulation (Clade G). Among Enteritidis isolates, 33/40 were resistant to four or more of the antimicrobials tested, except ciprofloxacin, to which all isolates were susceptible. Resistance was low in Typhimurium isolates, but all 16 isolates were resistant to gentamicin. The increase in incidence and proportion of iNTS disease caused by atypical serovars is concerning. The increased proportion of atypical serovars and the high associated case fatality may be related to acquisition of specific genetic virulence factors. These factors may provide a selective advantage to the atypical serovars. Investigations should be conducted elsewhere in Africa to identify potential changes in the distribution of iNTS serovars and the extent of these virulence elements.
- Published
- 2021
3. Origin of imported SARS-CoV-2 strains in The Gambia identified from Whole Genome Sequences
- Author
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Umberto D'Alessandro, Jarra Manneh, Ahmadou Lamin Samateh, Ousman Secka, Davis Nwakanma, Martin Antonio, Sona Jabang, Alfred Amambua-Ngwa, Abdul Karim Sesay, Bakary Sanyang, Mariama A. Kujabi, Ignatius Baldeh, Mary Aigbiremo Oboh, Abdoulie Kanteh, Haruna S. Jallow, Abdoulie Bojang, Karen Forrest, and Anna Roca
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RNA viruses ,Viral Diseases ,Pulmonology ,Library ,Coronaviruses ,Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ,Genome ,law.invention ,Geographical Locations ,Medical Conditions ,law ,Pandemic ,Pathology and laboratory medicine ,Phylogeny ,Data Management ,Single-Stranded RNA ,Genetics ,Likelihood Functions ,Multidisciplinary ,Phylogenetic tree ,Phylogenetic Analysis ,Genomics ,Medical microbiology ,Phylogenetics ,Infectious Diseases ,Transmission (mechanics) ,Viruses ,Medicine ,Gambia ,SARS CoV 2 ,Pathogens ,Research Article ,Computer and Information Sciences ,China ,Asia ,SARS coronavirus ,Science ,Genome, Viral ,Biology ,Microbiology ,Virus ,Respiratory Disorders ,Complementary DNA ,Genetic variation ,Humans ,Evolutionary Systematics ,Taxonomy ,Medicine and health sciences ,Whole genome sequencing ,Evolutionary Biology ,Biology and life sciences ,Whole Genome Sequencing ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Organisms ,Viral pathogens ,COVID-19 ,Genetic Variation ,Covid 19 ,Microbial pathogens ,Evolutionary biology ,People and Places ,Africa ,Respiratory Infections ,Nanopore sequencing ,Reference genome - Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 disease, first detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 has become a global pandemic and is causing an unprecedented burden on health care systems and the economy globally. While the travel history of index cases may suggest the origin of infection, phylogenetic analysis of isolated strains from these cases and contacts will increase the understanding and link between local transmission and other global populations. The objective of this analysis was to provide genomic data on the first six cases of SARS-CoV-2 in The Gambia and to determine the source of infection. This ultimately provide baseline data for subsequent local transmission and contribute genomic diversity information towards local and global data. Our analysis has shown that the SARS-CoV-2 virus identified in The Gambia are of European and Asian origin and sequenced data matched patients’ travel history. In addition, we were able to show that two COVID-19 positive cases travelling in the same flight had different strains of SARS-CoV-2. Although whole genome sequencing (WGS) data is still limited in sub-Saharan Africa, this approach has proven to be a highly sensitive, specific and confirmatory tool for SARS-CoV-2 detection.
- Published
- 2020
4. An outbreak of Serratia liquefaciens at a rural health center in The Gambia
- Author
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Grant A. Mackenzie, Modou Lamin, Abdoulie Kanteh, Usman N. Ikumapayi, and Jarra Manneh
- Subjects
Male ,Isolation (health care) ,medicine.drug_class ,Attitude of Health Personnel ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Antibiotics ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Serratia liquefaciens ,Microbiology ,Disease Outbreaks ,Serratia Infections ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Professional Competence ,Hygiene ,Virology ,Environmental health ,Environmental Microbiology ,Medicine ,Infection control ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Typing ,media_common ,Bacteriological Techniques ,Cross Infection ,business.industry ,Rural health ,Infant, Newborn ,Outbreak ,Infant ,General Medicine ,Infectious Diseases ,Child, Preschool ,Equipment Contamination ,Parasitology ,Female ,Gambia ,Rural Health Services ,business ,Drug Contamination - Abstract
Introduction: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are better documented in developed than in developing countries. There are emerging reports regarding the high frequency of HAIs in developing countries. We aimed to report an outbreak of an HAI caused by Serratia liquefaciens at a rural health center in The Gambia. Methodology: Following an abrupt increase in the isolation of S. liquefaciens in clinical samples, laboratory and clinical consumables, as well as staff, were screened for contamination with S. liquefaciens. Conventional microbiological techniques and biochemical identification tests were used. A phenotypic typing was achieved using the Kirby-Bauer antibiotic susceptibility method. Strategies to control the outbreak were implemented. Results: A total of 794 samples were processed during the outbreak; 44 (6%) grew S. liquefaciens. Five (25%) of the 20 suspected contaminated materials (hospital consumables and equipment) screened yielded growth of the organism. The primary source of the outbreak was hospital consumables. Three (7%) of the 44 infected children died with no other known cause than S. liquefaciens infection. Ninety-nine percent similarity of the antibiogram phenotypic typing suggests the isolates were from the same clonal origin. The outbreak was successfully controlled after the removal and sterilization of the respective contaminated fluids and equipment. Conclusions: This HAI was caused by poor practice in the preparation of medications for nebulization and intravenous infusion, hygiene practices, and a lack of awareness among staff about infection control. We recommend further studies to delineate the role played by HAIs in the developing world.
- Published
- 2015
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