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Methotrexate (MTX) is the first-line medicine to treat psoriasis. So far, there has been less research on protein biomarkers to predict its efficacy by the proteomic technique.To evaluate differentially expressed proteins in peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) between good responders (GRs) and non-responders (NRs) after MTX treatment, compared with normal controls (NCs).We quantified protein expression of PBMCs with four GRs and four NRs to MTX and four NCs by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ), analysing and identifying proteins related to efficacy of MTX in 18 psoriatic patients.A total of 3177 proteins had quantitative information, and 403 differentially expressed proteins (fold change ≥1.2, P 0.05) were identified. Compared to NCs, upregulated proteins (ANXA6, RPS27A, EZR, XRCC6), participating in the activation of NF-κB, the JAK-STAT pathway and neutrophil degranulation were detected in GRs. The proteins (GPV, FN1, STOM), involving platelet activation, signalling and aggregation as well as neutrophil degranulation were significantly downregulated in GRs. These proteins returned to normal levels after MTX treatment. Furthermore, Western blotting identified the expression of ANXA6 and STAT1 in PBMCs, which were significantly downregulated in GRs, but not in NRs.We identified seven differentially expressed and regulated proteins (ANXA6, GPV, FN1, XRCC6, STOM, RPS27A and EZR) as biomarkers to predict MTX efficacy in NF-κB signalling, JAK-STAT pathways, neutrophil degranulation, platelet activation, signalling and aggregation.

Tooth loss, which usually leads to malnutrition, is common in the elderly. However, limited information is available regarding its association with sarcopenia. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between loss of occlusal pairs of tooth and sarcopenia.A cross-sectional retrospective study was performed.The elderly who participated in the National Basic Public Health Project in the Maigaoqiao Community Medical Center in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.A total of 2850 individuals aged ≥60 years were enrolled.Sarcopenia was defined according to the criteria proposed by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. A trained dentist assessed oral health status and counted the number of present teeth. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between the loss of occlusal pairs and sarcopenia.The prevalence of sarcopenia was 7.1% (201/2850). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that loss of occlusal pairs was associated with sarcopenia [anterior occlusal pairs (AOPs): odd ratio (OR) = 1.292, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.158-1.442; posterior occlusal pairs (POPs): OR = 1.147, 95% CI = 1.018-1.221]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that loss of POPs was still an independent risk for sarcopenia (OR = 1.108, 95% CI = 1.007-1.220) after adjustment for traditional confounders. Subgroup analysis showed that loss of POPs was more significantly linked to sarcopenia in those with advanced age (≥80years) (OR = 1.307, 95% CI = 1.116-1.532) and in females (OR = 1.165, 95%CI = 1.038-1.308). Compared to individuals with ≥5 occluding pairs of POPs, those with5 occluding pairs of POPs had a higher incidence of sarcopenia.Loss of POPs is associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia in the elderly in a Chinese population. Further research on the mechanism of the observed causal relationship is needed.

副肿瘤天疱疮（PNP）是一种与肿瘤伴发的自身免疫性皮肤、黏膜疾病，1990年由Anhalt首先描述。国外文献报道，PNP常见的伴发血液系统肿瘤，其中慢性淋巴细胞白血病（CLL）排在首位。除皮肤黏膜病变外，超过30%的PNP合并闭塞性细支气管炎（BO），常出现呼吸衰竭，预后差。本文报道1例以口腔、皮肤溃烂起病，诊断CLL伴发PNP，应用利妥昔单抗联合伊布替尼治疗后皮肤病变愈合，但出现反复发热及进行性加重的呼吸困难，考虑肺部感染合并BO，最终因呼吸衰竭、感染性休克死亡。通过对本例患者临床资料的回顾及分析，以提高临床医师对淋巴瘤伴发PNP的认识及治疗的探索。.

Analysis of DNA methylation is a valuable tool to understand disease progression and is increasingly being used to create diagnostic and prognostic clinical biomarkers. While conversion of cytosine to 5-methylcytosine (5mC) commonly results in transcriptional repression, further conversion to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is associated with transcriptional activation. Here we perform the first study integrating whole-genome 5hmC with DNA, 5mC, and transcriptome sequencing in clinical samples of benign, localized, and advanced prostate cancer. 5hmC is shown to mark activation of cancer drivers and downstream targets. Furthermore, 5hmC sequencing revealed profoundly altered cell states throughout the disease course, characterized by increased proliferation, oncogenic signaling, dedifferentiation, and lineage plasticity to neuroendocrine and gastrointestinal lineages. Finally, 5hmC sequencing of cell-free DNA from patients with metastatic disease proved useful as a prognostic biomarker able to identify an aggressive subtype of prostate cancer using the genes TOP2A and EZH2, previously only detectable by transcriptomic analysis of solid tumor biopsies. Overall, these findings reveal that 5hmC marks epigenomic activation in prostate cancer and identify hallmarks of prostate cancer progression with potential as biomarkers of aggressive disease. Significance: In prostate cancer, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine delineates oncogene activation and stage-specific cell states and can be analyzed in liquid biopsies to detect cancer phenotypes. See related article by Wu and Attard, p. 3880

The impact of respiratory function on children's craniofacial growth has received increasing attention from orthodontists and parents. There is a higher pediatric sleep-disordered breathing risk prevalence in the orthodontic population compared with a general population sample, and orthodontic practitioners need to pay close attention to the respiratory function of their pediatric patients. For children with upper airway obstruction and related dentofacial and functional abnormalities, clinicians should comprehensively consider the site and severity of upper airway obstruction, the clinical feature of malocclusion and other factors to develop an individual, multidisciplinary treatment plan, providing favorable conditions for the development of the children's craniofacial morphology and the whole body.呼吸功能对儿童牙颌面生长发育的影响日益受到广大正畸医师与家长的关注。儿童睡眠呼吸障碍在正畸人群中的比例明显高于健康人群，正畸医师在接诊儿童患者时需密切关注其呼吸通气功能。对伴上气道阻塞以及相关口颌面畸形和功能异常的儿童，临床医师应综合考虑上气道阻塞部位、严重程度以及错（牙合）畸形的表现，制订个性化、多学科联合的诊疗方案，为患者牙颌面乃至全身的健康发育创造有利条件。.

STUDY QUESTION What is the true incidence of chromosomal mosaicism in embryos analyzed by preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) SUMMARY ANSWER The true incidence of chromosomal mosaicism is much lower than we usually surmise. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY In recent years, contemporary methods for chromosome analysis, along with the biopsy of more than one cell, have given rise to an increased rate of chromosomal mosaicism detection after preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy. However, the exorbitant incidence of mosaicism represents a dilemma and imposes restrictions on the application of PGT treatment. Concern has been raised about the possibility that the incidence of chromosomal mosaicism is overestimated and quite a few of the results are false-positive errors. However, studies verifying the diagnosis of chromosomal mosaicism and assessing the true incidence of chromosomal mosaicism are limited. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A total of 1719 blastocysts from 380 patients who underwent PGT treatment were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the typical incidence of mosaicism. Then 101 embryos donated by 70 couples were re-biopsied and dissected into three portions if available: trophectoderm (TE), inner cell mass (ICM), and the remaining portions. All the portions were tested using next-generation sequencing (NGS), and the results were compared to the original diagnosis. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The setting for this study was a university-affiliated center with an in-house PGT laboratory. All samples were amplified with multiple annealing and looping-based amplification cycles (MALBACs) and the NGS was carried out on a Life Technologies Ion Proton platform. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A clinical TE biopsy revealed an incidence of 11.9% for diploid-aneuploid mosaicism (DAM), 17.3% for aneuploid mosaicism (AM) and 29.1% in total. After rebiopsy, 94.1% whole-chromosome aneuploidies and 82.8% segmental-chromosome aneuploidies were confirmed in the embryos. As for the mosaic errors, only 32 (31.7%) out of 101 embryos presented with uniform chromosomal aberrations in agreement with the original biopsy results, 15 (14.8%) embryos presented with de novo chromosomal aberrations, and 54 (53.5%) embryos showed a euploid profile in all portions. Among the 32 uniform embryos, the true mosaicism was confirmed in only 4 cases, where a reciprocal chromosomal aberration was identified; 14 embryos presented with identical mosaicism, providing the moderate evidence for true mosaicism; and 14 embryos displayed uniform full aneuploidies in all portions of embryo, revealing a high-grade mosaicism or a false-negative diagnosis. Logistical regression analysis revealed that the concordance rate with ICM was associated with the type and level of mosaicism. The concordance rate of segmental-chromosome mosaicism was significantly lower than whole-chromosome mosaicism (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 5.137 (1.061, 24.876), P = 0.042) and compared to DAM, the concordance rate of AM was significantly higher (aOR: 6.546 (1.354, 31.655), P = 0.019). The concordance rate also increased with increasing levels of mosaicism (P LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study was limited by a small sample size and the use of a single whole-genome amplification (WGA) method and NGS platform. These findings are only applicable to samples subjected to MALBAC amplification and Ion Proton platform, and studies involving larger sample sizes and multiple WGA methods and NGS platforms are required to prove our findings. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS TE biopsy is reliable to detect whole-chromosome aneuploidies, but the ability to diagnose mosaicism is doubtful. More attention should be paid to false-positive and false-negative errors in NGS-based PGT, especially for laboratories using less stringent criteria for mosaicism classification (i.e. 20–80%), which might be subject to a much higher false-positive mosaicism rate in the practice. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2016YFC1000206-5) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81701509) TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.

成人肾外肾母细胞瘤（extrarenal Wilms′ tumor）很少见。发生在纵隔的肾母细胞瘤更加罕见。患者男，27岁，体检发现前上纵隔占位，肿瘤大小约14 cm×11 cm×5 cm，切面灰白、质软、分叶状，可见直径6 cm的坏死区域。镜下肿瘤由未分化的胚芽组织、上皮成分和间叶成分构成，可见胚胎性肾小管及肾小球样结构。免疫组织化学显示胚芽细胞弥漫强表达WT-1、CD56、PAX8；上皮成分表达WT-1、广谱细胞角蛋白、上皮细胞膜抗原、CD56、PAX8，间质成分表达波形蛋白；均不表达胎盘碱性磷酸酶、CD30、甲胎蛋白、S-100蛋白、嗜铬粒素A、突触素、甲状腺转录因子1、OCT3/4、结蛋白，过碘酸雪夫染色阴性及荧光原位杂交检测EWSR1基因未发生断裂。.

Ultraviolet radiation affects human health. On the one hand, moderate amounts of UV radiation can promote human health and have the effect of promoting vitamin D production; but on the other hand, excessive UV radiation can also cause adverse effects on human skin and eyes, such as causing skin photoaging, skin cancer, electrophthalmia and cataracts to occur. Therefore, the measurement of ultraviolet radiation is extremely important. This paper mainly reviews the health effects of ultraviolet radiation and the progress of measurement standards in the workplace, and puts forward suggestions on the revision of the existing standards from five aspects including use new measuring instruments and methods, improve the existing measuring instruments, specify the number of measurements, expand the scope of application of the standards and consider the influence of the sun on the measurement of artificial ultraviolet radiation, so as to provide reference for the revision of new standards.适量紫外线可以促进人体健康，具有促进维生素D产生的作用，但过量紫外辐射也会对人体皮肤和眼部造成不良影响，如导致皮肤光老化、皮肤癌、电光性眼炎和白内障等发生。因此紫外辐射的测量极为重要。本文主要综述工作场所紫外辐射对作业人员的健康影响及测量标准的进展，并对现行标准的修订分别从纳入新型测量仪器和方法、改良现存测量仪器、规定测量次数、扩大标准应用范围和考虑太阳对人工紫外辐射测量的影响等五个方面提出意见和建议，从而为新标准的修订提供参考。.

Rationale: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by structural remodeling of pulmonary arteries and arterioles. Underlying biological processes are likely reflected in a perturbation of circulating proteins. Objectives: To quantify and analyze the plasma proteome of patients with PAH using inherited genetic variation to inform on underlying molecular drivers. Methods: An aptamer-based assay was used to measure plasma proteins in 357 patients with idiopathic or heritable PAH, 103 healthy volunteers, and 23 relatives of patients with PAH. In discovery and replication subgroups, the plasma proteomes of PAH and healthy individuals were compared, and the relationship to transplantation-free survival in PAH was determined. To examine causal relationships to PAH, protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) that influenced protein levels in the patient population were used as instruments for Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Measurements and Main Results: From 4,152 annotated plasma proteins, levels of 208 differed between patients with PAH and healthy subjects, and 49 predicted long-term survival. MR based on cis-pQTL located in proximity to the encoding gene for proteins that were prognostic and distinguished PAH from health estimated an adverse effect for higher levels of netrin-4 (odds ratio [OR], 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16-2.08) and a protective effect for higher levels of thrombospondin-2 (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74-0.94) on PAH. Both proteins tracked the development of PAH in previously healthy relatives and changes in thrombospondin-2 associated with pulmonary arterial pressure at disease onset. Conclusions: Integrated analysis of the plasma proteome and genome implicates two secreted matrix-binding proteins, netrin-4 and thrombospondin-2, in the pathobiology of PAH.

The COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing in the world, the risk of COVID-19 spread from other countries or in the country will exist for a long term in China. In the routine prevention and control phase, a number of local COVID-19 epidemics have occurred in China, most COVID-19 cases were sporadic ones, but a few case clusters or outbreaks were reported. Winter and spring were the seasons with high incidences of the epidemics; border and port cities had higher risk for outbreaks. Active surveillance in key populations was an effective way for the early detection of the epidemics. Through a series of comprehensive prevention and control measures, including mass nucleic acid screening, close contact tracing and isolation, classified management of areas and groups at risk, wider social distancing and strict travel management, the local COVID-19 epidemics have been quickly and effectively controlled. The experiences obtained in the control of the local epidemics would benefit the routine prevention and control of COVID-19 in China. The occurrence of a series of COVID-19 case clusters or outbreaks has revealed the weakness or deficiencies in the COVID-19 prevention and control in China, so this paper suggests some measures for the improvement of the future prevention and control of COVID-19.当前新型冠状病毒肺炎（新冠肺炎）仍在全球流行，我国疫情防控长期面临“外防输入、内防扩散”的压力。进入常态化防控阶段后，我国陆续发生多起新冠肺炎本土疫情，大部分为零星散发，少部分发生聚集或暴发。冬、春季是疫情高发季节，边境和口岸城市是高发区，重点人群主动监测是疫情早发现的有效途径。通过采取一系列综合防控措施，包括大规模核酸筛查、追踪隔离密切接触者、分类管理风险地区和人群、增加社交距离和严格出行管理等，大部分新冠肺炎本土疫情均较快得到有效控制，为我国疫情防控积累了宝贵的经验，但是一系列聚集性疫情的发生，暴露出我国当前疫情防控存在不足，本文为今后的疫情防控提出了建议。.

The soaring prevalence of obesity and its complications presents a significant health care burden, and there is currently a lack of effective and sustainable treatment methods. Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a specific intermittent fasting (IF) protocol involving consistent fasting and eating periods within a 24-hour cycle. Time-restricted eating can restore robust circadian rhythms and improve metabolic health, providing an emerging dietary strategy for the prevention and treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases. Previous TRE trials laid the groundwork, and indicate a need for further clinical research including large-scale controlled trials to determine TRE efficacy and the mechanisms by which it may affect humans.肥胖的流行及其并发症对社会医疗体系带来了巨大负担，目前缺乏有效的、可持续的治疗方法。限时进食（TRE）是一种基于昼夜节律的间歇性禁食方案，通过限制进食时间恢复强化昼夜节律改善代谢，为预防和治疗肥胖及相关代谢疾病提供了一种新兴的饮食策略。现有的TRE试验奠定了基础，但还需进一步的大规模临床试验来证实TRE的短期和长期疗效，以及可能对人体产生影响的机制。.

头颈部鳞状细胞癌（鳞癌）作为一种免疫抑制性肿瘤，免疫逃逸及T细胞信号的破坏是其发生发展的重要机制，免疫治疗以此为靶点通过其独特的作用机制在头颈部鳞癌的治疗中成为了又一重要的治疗手段。在临床治疗中，若想达到理想的治疗效果，需要采取多学科联合治疗。其中，免疫治疗可与其他治疗手段联合或者不同的免疫治疗相结合，从而达到更好的治疗效果。本文就肿瘤免疫微环境的改变及当前头颈部鳞癌免疫治疗研究进展作一系统综述，以期更好地指导临床治疗。.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the differential expression gene modules and hub genes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and annotate the biological functions of these modules. METHODS: We downloaded transcriptome sequencing data from the GEO database, and according to the correlation of the genes, a gene co-expression network was constructed with the parameter setting of β=8 and a correlation coefficient threshold of 0.85. Pearson correlation test was used to calculate the correlation between the module genes and clinical traits to screen the gene modules significantly associated with AD and identify the hub genes according to the connectivity within modules. GO functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were used to annotate the functions of the modules. A cell model of AD was established in SH-SY5Y cells by Aβ1-42 treatment, and the mRNA expression levels of the hub genes were compared between the Aβ1-42-treated cells and the control cells. RESULTS: Ten gene co-expression modules were constructed based on the correlations of gene expression, in which the brown (r=0.66, P < 0.001) and turquoise modules (r=-0.68, P < 0.001) were significantly correlated with the AD group. Forty-eight genes were identified as the hub genes in the co-expression network. Function annotation revealed that the genes in both modules were mainly enriched in DNA damage and repair pathways and metabolism-related pathways. Differential expression analysis of the genes revealed that the genes DNASE1, TEKT2 and MTSS1L were highly expressed while ACP2, LANCL2 and GMPR2 were lowly expressed in AD group. The results of cell experiment confirmed the up-regulation of DNASE1, TEKT2 and MTSS1L genes and the down-regulation of ACP2, LANCL2, and GMPR2 in Aβ1-42-treated SH-SY5Y cells (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The brown and turquoise modules are closely correlated with AD. The hub genes including MTSS1L, GMPR2, ACP2, ACTG1 and LANCL2 selected from the modules may participate in AD pathogenesis by regulating DNA damage and repair.

To explore the effectiveness and summarize the experiences of transumbilical single incision plus one robotic-assisted surgery surgery in the treatment of pediatric choledochal cyst. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 10 children who underwent choledochal cyst excision and hepaticojejunostomy from June to December 2020 at Fujian Provincial Hospital. The mean age was (4.6±1.7) years (range from 2 years to 8 years). The mean weight was (17.1±3.8) kg (range from 12.3 kg to 25.0 kg). The Todani classifications were type I (本文探讨并总结经脐单孔加一达芬奇机器人在儿童先天性胆总管囊肿根治手术中应用的经验技巧。回顾性分析2020年6—12月，在福建省立医院小儿外科诊断为先天性胆总管囊肿并进行手术治疗的10例患儿的临床资料，其中患儿年龄为2~8（4.6±1.7）岁；体重12.3~25.0（17.1±3.8）kg，Todani分型为Ⅰ型6例，Ⅳ4例。临床表现：无症状4例，腹痛3例，腹痛伴有黄疸3例。术后予以门诊随访。结果10例经脐单孔加一达芬奇机器人先天性胆总管囊肿根治性切除+肝总管空肠Roun-en-Y吻合术均获得成功，无中转开放手术。手术时间：204~227（220.0±7.2）min；无术中输血，术中出血量6~9（7.67±0.86）ml；禁食时间2~3（2.30±0.48）d；住院时间4~6（4.7±0.7）d，医疗总费用4~6（5.30±0.42）万元。术后随访3~6 个月，患儿未见发生胆汁反流性胃炎及胆管炎等早期并发症。术后3个月复查消化系彩超，患儿肝总管及肝内胆管无扩张。总之，经脐单孔加一达芬奇机器人可达到常规达芬奇机器人手术相同的效果，脐部切口更加隐蔽美观，该术者需积累手术经验、增加熟练程度方可安全应用。.

It is believed that the limits of orthodontic tooth movement are defined by strict physiologic and anatomic boundaries of periodontal tissue. Excessive tooth movement may result in alveolar bone dehiscence and/or fenestration, or root resorption. Andrews' six elements of orofacial harmony theory may serve as an efficient tool to guide orthodontists to decide proper torque of all tooth, so as to keep the roots from insulting cortical bone. It is worth noting that when palatal expansion is executed, the proper torque control of posterior segments is of importance and, when incisor retraction is executed, the proper torque control is of importance as well. Individualized torque control protocol is needed when such kind of tooth movement is carried out.正畸牙移动的范围受牙周支持组织界限的节制。当牙根突破牙槽骨骨皮质时，骨开窗、骨开裂或牙根吸收等不良后果的出现概率将大大增加。Andrews的口颌面协调六要素理论可高效精确指导正畸医师保持牙齿的合适转矩，从而确保牙根始终停留于基骨内。后牙转矩易在腭中缝扩展过程中过分加大，进而导致后牙颊侧骨开窗和（或）骨开裂；而前牙转矩易在内收过程中过分减小，进而导致前牙唇侧牙槽骨开窗和（或）骨开裂。因此，在行腭中缝和前牙内收的过程中应尤其注意制订个性化转矩保护方案。.

To investigate alteration of intestinal microflora in uremia patients with or without blood purification treatments.The present study included a total of 109 adult patients who were administered in our hospital during 2014 August to 2015 December, 85 cases had already received hemodialysis treatment and 24 cases had not received any renal transplantation treatments. Serum levels of hemoglobin, albumin, creatinine, hypersensitive C reactive protein, and cystatin C, as well as blood urea nitrogen and estimated glomerular filtration rate were determined. 16S rRNA sequencing was conducted to determine the levels of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis.The hemoglobin level in the hemodialysis group was significantly higher than that of the non-hemodialysis patients. The levels of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus acidophilus were significantly lower while the levels of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis were significantly higher in both of the patient groups compared with the healthy control. In all treatment groups, levels of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus acidophilus were significantly higher and levels of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis were significantly lower compared with the non-blood purification treatment group.The intestinal microflora might be influenced by uremia and might also be affected by blood purification treatments.

Background Prostate cancer is an extremely heterogeneous disease. Despite being clinically similar, some tumours are more likely to recur after surgery compared to others. Distinguishing those that need adjuvant or salvage radiotherapy will improve patient outcomes. The goal of this study was to identify circulating microRNA that could independently predict prostate cancer patient risk stratification after radical prostatectomy. Methods Seventy-eight prostate cancer patients were recruited at the Odette Cancer Centre in Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre. All patients had previously undergone radical prostatectomy. Blood samples were collected simultaneously for PSA testing and miRNA analysis using NanoString nCounter technology. Of the 78 samples, 75 had acceptable miRNA quantity and quality. Patients were stratified into high- and low-risk categories based on Gleason score, pathological T stage, surgical margin status, and diagnostic PSA: patients with Gleason ≥ 8; pT3a and positive margin; pT3b and any margin; or diagnostic PSA > 20 µg/mL were classified as high-risk (n = 44) and all other patients were classified as low-risk (n = 31). Results Using our patient dataset, we identified a four-miRNA signature (miR-17, miR-20a, miR-20b, miR-106a) that can distinguish high- and low-risk patients, in addition to their pathological tumour stage. High expression of these miRNAs is associated with shorter time to biochemical recurrence in the TCGA dataset. These miRNAs confer an aggressive phenotype upon overexpression in vitro. Conclusions This proof-of-principle report highlights the potential of circulating miRNAs to independently predict risk stratification of prostate cancer patients after radical prostatectomy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-019-1920-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

In the field of forensic medicine, diagnosis of sudden cardiac death is limited by subjective factors and manual measurement methods, so some parameters may have estimation deviation or measurement deviation. As postmortem CT imaging plays a more and more important role in the appraisal of cause of death and cardiopathology research, the application of deep learning such as artificial intelligence technology to analyze vast amounts of cardiac imaging data has provided a possibility for forensic identification and scientific research workers to conduct precise diagnosis and quantitative analysis of cardiac diseases. This article summarizes the main researches on deep learning in the field of cardiac imaging in recent years, and proposes a feasible development direction for the application of deep learning in the virtual anatomy of sudden cardiac death at present.基于深度学习的心脏影像学数据测量及其在心脏性猝死诊断中的应用.在法医学领域，心脏性猝死的诊断受主观因素和人工测量方法的限制，使某些参数可能存在估计偏差或测量偏差。随着死后断层影像在死因鉴定和心脏病理学研究中发挥越来越重要的作用，应用深度学习等人工智能技术对海量的心脏影像学数据进行分析，为法医学鉴定和科研工作者对心脏疾病进行精细诊断和定量分析提供了可能。本文对近几年深度学习在心脏影像学领域的主要研究进行综述，为目前深度学习在心脏性猝死虚拟解剖中的应用提出可行的发展方向。.法医病理学；医学影像技术学；心脏性猝死；虚拟解剖；深度学习；心血管系统；综述.

Transarterial chemoembolization is the first choice for patients with advanced stage liver cancer who are not apt for surgical resection. In clinical practice, rare and serious complications occur occasionally, and bile duct injury is one of the complications after transarterial chemoembolization. Therefore, understanding its mechanism and high-risk factors can reduce the occurrence of bile duct injury, and early detection and treatment can significantly improve the prognosis. This article summarizes the clinical research progress of bile duct injury in hepatocellular carcinoma after transarterial chemoembolization.经动脉化学治疗栓塞术是不适宜手术切除的中晚期肝癌患者的首选治疗方式，在临床中偶有少见且严重的并发症发生，而胆管损伤作为经动脉化学治疗栓塞术后的并发症之一，了解其发生机制及高危因素可以减少胆管损伤的发生，同时早期及时发现和治疗能明显改善预后。现就肝癌经动脉化学治疗栓塞术后胆管损伤的临床研究进展作一综述。.

The study aimed at investigating the value of systemic biopsy (sysPbx), magnetic resonance imaging/ultrasound fusion targeted biopsy (fusPbx) and fusPbx combined with sysPbx (comPbx) for prostate cancer (PCa) detection.Data from the PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched from inception until March 23, 2020. Prospective studies comparing the detection rates of sysPbx, fusPbx and comPbx were identified. We pooled the detection rates for all PCa, clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa), and clinically insignificant prostate cancer (cinsPCa) of fusPbx, sysPbx, and comPbx. Risk ratios (RRs) were calculated for the meta-analysis. Then, analyses were performed to identify the possible sources of heterogeneity.Seventeen studies, including 18 cohorts with 3035 men, were included. No patients had previous evidence of PCa. Each patient had one or more suspicious lesions found on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and received both fusPbx and sysPbx. The results showed that fusPbx and sysPbx did not differ significantly in detecting all PCa (RR=1.00, 95% CI: 0.95-1.05, p0.05). However, fusPbx provided a higher detection rate for csPCa (RR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.14-1.34, p0.05) and a lower detection rate for cinsPCa (RR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.61-0.76, p0.05) than sysPbx. In addition, comPbx detected more PCa (RR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.16-1.29, p0.05) and csPCa cases (RR=1.13, 95% CI: 1.05-1.21, p0.05) than fusPbx.In men with positive mpMRI findings, compared to sysPbx, fusPbx had significantly increased the detection rates for csPCa and decreased those for cinsPCa. The combination of fusPbx with sysPbx outperformed fusPbx in detecting both overall PCa and csPCa.

目的 分析广东省50家医院血液内科血标本来源细菌的构成和耐药性，了解血液内科血流感染（BSI）的流行病学特征。 方法 基于国家细菌耐药监测网（CARSS）平台，对2019年广东省50家医院血液内科、呼吸内科和ICU由血标本分离的病原菌分布和碳青霉烯类耐药革兰阴性菌（CRO）检出率进行分析，同时对大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和铜绿假单胞菌药敏特征分儿童组（≤14岁）和成人组（>14岁）进行分析。参考CLSI 2019年M100文件标准判断结果。 结果 共收集广东省50家医疗机构（三级医院48家）血液内科、呼吸内科、重症监护治疗病房（ICU）三个科室各1618、1026、3626株血标本分离菌完整微生物信息资料。其中血液内科革兰阴性杆菌占71.8％，革兰阳性球菌占28.2％。血液内科分离前5位细菌是：大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌和草绿色链球菌群。葡萄球菌属中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）、耐甲氧西林的凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（MRSCN）的检出率分别为19.7％和80.6％，未发现对万古霉素、利奈唑胺、替考拉宁耐药的菌株，无利奈唑胺耐药的肠球菌。草绿色链球菌群对青霉素G的耐药率为6.9％，对头孢曲松和头孢噻肟耐药率均超过25.0％。肠杆菌科细菌中大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌儿童组耐药率普遍高于成人组。成人组肺炎克雷伯菌对美罗培南耐药率为14.1％，阴沟肠杆菌对碳青霉烯类耐药率超过25.0％，非发酵菌中铜绿假单胞菌对大部分抗菌药物敏感性超过80.0％，但儿童组对美罗培南的耐药率高于成人组（11.8％对6.5％）。鲍曼不动杆菌无对替加环素耐药菌株。科室之间比较，ICU和呼吸内科血标本革兰阳性球菌比例高于血液内科。呼吸内科碳青霉烯类耐药大肠埃希菌（CREC）和碳青霉烯类耐药肺炎克雷伯菌（CRKP）检出率最低，分别为0.3％和3.7％。血液内科碳青霉烯类耐药铜绿假单胞菌（CRPA）和碳青霉烯类耐药鲍曼不动杆菌（CRAB）检出率最低，分别为8.3％和25.8％。ICU整体碳青霉烯类耐药的革兰阴性杆菌检出率都最高。 结论 血液内科血标本来源细菌构成比与重要细菌耐药性与呼吸内科、ICU存在差异，广东地区血液内科肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、阴沟肠杆菌及以草绿色链球菌群为主的链球菌属比例明显高于ICU和呼吸内科。

Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) plays a vital role in the progression of various cancers. However, the potential mechanisms of NR2F1-AS1 in the tumorigenesis of neuroblastoma (NB) have not been determined.The expression levels of NR2F1-AS1, miR-493 and TRIM2 were detected by RT-qPCR. The downstream target genes of NR2F1-AS1 or miR-493 were predicted by bioinformatics analysis (http://starbase.sysu.edu.cn/), which was further indicated by Luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. CCK-8, transwell, and TUNEL assays were performed to determine the viability, migration, invasion and apoptosis of NB cells.NR2F1-AS1 was highly expressed and miR-493 was lowly expressed in NB tissues and cell lines. The high expression of NR2F1-AS1 was associated with poor prognosis in NB. NR2F1-AS1 knockdown inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion, and accelerated apoptosis of NB cells. MiR-493 was a downstream target of NR2F1-AS1, and the silencing of miR-493 reversed NR2F1-AS1 knockdown-attenuated progression of NB. Moreover, TRIM2 was demonstrated to be directly targeted by miR-493, and the upregulation of TRIM2 could abolish the inhibitory effect of miR-493 overexpression on the progression of NB. Finally, it was found that NR2F1-AS1 regulated TRIM2 expression by sponging miR-493.The present study demonstrated that NR2F1-AS1 promoted the progression of NB through the miR-493/TRIM2 axis. This finding may provide new insight into the treatment of NB.

老年性聋是指随着年龄的增加逐渐发生的以高频听力下降为主的感音神经性听力损失，其发病原因及机制复杂，目前缺乏有效的临床治疗手段。本文从发病机制，病理分型，诊断标准及干预措施等方面做一系统综述。.

原发于鼻腔及鼻窦的肠型腺癌（SNS-ITAC）是一种发生于鼻腔、鼻窦内的恶性腺样肿瘤，局部侵袭性较强，常累及筛窦、鼻腔及上颌窦。本文报道2例原发性SNS-ITAC，镜下观察2例患者肿瘤组织学形态均呈乳头状生长，部分呈小管-腺管样生长，肿瘤细胞核呈长杆状，假复层或复层排列，胞质嗜酸性，可见少量杯状细胞，细胞轻度异型性，可见核分裂象，具有肠型腺癌相似的分化和细胞学特征。免疫组织化学表型：CDX-2、CK20、CK7、Villin阳性，SATB2少数细胞阳性，Ki-67阳性指数约30%，均符合SNS-ITAC。原发性SNS-ITAC是一种罕见肿瘤，发病率为百万分之一，依据临床及病理组织学特点，并结合免疫组织化学染色可以明确诊断。.

To evaluate the comparative safety of biological treatment in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) enrolled in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with placebo.Studies were systematically retrieved from the Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases. The last search was performed on 8 June 2020. The primary outcome measures were adverse events (AEs), serious AEs, infection, serious infection, and discontinuation due to AEs. This study was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.A total of twenty-two trials, including 2599 participants treated with biologics and 1547 participants treated with placebo, met the inclusion criteria. There was a significantly higher risk of infection, AEs, and discontinuation due to AEs in the biologics groups compared to the placebo groups [risk ratio (RR) = 1.38, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.22-1.57, p0.01; RR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.10-1.25, p0.01; and RR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.03-2.87, p = 0.04, respectively], and low heterogeneity was found among the included studies (I2 = 0%, p = 0. 49; I2 = 29%, p = 0.10; and I2 = 0%, p = 0.79, respectively). The risk of serious infection and serious AEs was not significantly different between axSpA patients treated with biologics and those treated with placebo [RR = 1.62, 95% CI = 0.54-4.90, p = 0.39 and RR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.79-1.73, p = 0.44]. Low heterogeneity was found among the included studies (I2 = 0%, p = 0.94 and I2 = 0%, p = 0.69). The subgroup analyses based on tumour necrosis factor inhibitors and interleukin antagonists did not yield significant differences.This meta-analysis is the first comprehensive assessment of the safety of various biological agents in axSpA patients. The use of biological agents in axSpA is generally safe and tolerable.

Higher intakes of Na may contribute to weight gain. The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the relationship between dietary Na intake and measures of adiposity in children and adults. Given the previous link between Na intake and the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), which are a known risk factor for obesity, a secondary aim examining the relationship between Na intake and SSB consumption was assessed. A systematic literature search identified cross-sectional and longitudinal studies and randomised controlled trials (RCT) which reduced dietary Na (≥3 months). Meta-analysis was performed for outcomes with ≥3 studies. Cross-sectionally higher Na intakes were associated with overweight/obesity in adults (five studies; n 11 067; OR 1·74; 95 % CI 1·43, 2·13) and in children (three studies; n 3625, OR 3·29; 95 % CI 2·25, 4·80), and abdominal obesity (five studies; n 19 744; OR 2·04; 95 % CI 1·72, 2·42) in adults. Overall, associations remained in sensitivity analyses which adjusted for energy. Findings from longitudinal studies were inconsistent. RCT in adults indicated a trend for lower body weight on reduced-Na compared with control diets (fifteen studies; n 5274; −0·29 kg; 95 % CI −0·59, 0·01; P = 0·06); however, it is unclear if energy intakes were also altered on reduced-Na diets. Among children higher Na intakes were associated with higher intake of SSB (four studies, n 10 329, b = 22, 16 and 26 g/d); no studies were retrieved for adults. Overall, there was a lack of high-quality studies retrieved. While cross-sectional evidence indicates Na intake was positively associated with adiposity, these findings have not been clearly confirmed by longitudinal studies or RCT.

In 2019, the Board of Trustees of the American Association of Orthodontists asked a panel of medical and dental experts in sleep medicine and dental sleep medicine to create a document designed to offer guidance to practicing orthodontists on the suggested role of the specialty of orthodontics in the management of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome. The present article aimed to provide interpretation of this White Paper, and to further help Chinese orthodontist to understand it.2019年，美国正畸医师协会董事会邀请睡眠医学和口腔睡眠医学领域专家撰写《阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征与口腔正畸：美国口腔正畸医师协会白皮书》，为正畸医师处理儿童及成人阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征提供建议。本文旨在对该白皮书进行解读，以期为国内口腔正畸医师处理OSAHS提供建议和参考。.

From June 2017 to June 2018, female sanitation workers engaged in road cleaning in a district of Urumqi City, as well as government and logistics women participating in national health examination in the same community were recruited as particulate matter 2.5 (PM于2017年6月至2018年6月，招募乌鲁木齐市某区从事道路清洁的环卫女工和同小区内参加全民健康体检的机关、后勤女性分别作为PM

It is well known that lipids are vital for axonal myelin repair. Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is characterized by widespread axonal injury. The association between serum lipids and DAI is not well known. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations of serum lipid profile variables (triglycerides, high- and low-density lipoproteins, and total cholesterol) with DAI detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and with clinical outcome for patients suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI).This study included 176 patients with a history of TBI who had undergone initial serum lipid measurements within 1 week and brain MRIs within 30 days. Based on MRI findings, patients were divided into negative and positive DAI groups.Of the 176 patients, 70 (39.8%) were assigned to DAI group and 106 (60.2%) patients to non-DAI group. Compared with the non-DAI group, patients with DAI had significantly lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in serum during the first week following TBI. Multivariate analysis identified HDL-C as an independent predictor of DAI. Patients with lower serum HDL-C levels were less likely to regain consciousness within 6 months in TBI patients with DAI lesions identified by MRI.Plasma levels of HDL-C may be a viable addition to biomarker panels for predicting the presence and prognosis of DAI on subsequent MRI following TBI.